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1 Studium June 1928 CTp 324-328 ~pyeTcSI rro KHHre Richard Drake Julius Evola Radical Fascism and the Lateran Accords Catholic Historical Review July 1988 p 411 CM TaIOKe Thomas Sheenhaus Myth and Violence Social Reshysearch Spring 1981 2 Christliche WeltFaszismus und Fundamentalismus in den USA 1924 cTp 235-243 3 Edgar Alexander Der Mythus Hitler (Zurich 1937) CTp 21 223-225 AJIeKCaHAep ~HTHpyeT Mein Kampf (Munich 1933) CTp 189 379 4 CM E Abrahamian May Day in the Islamic Republic B Khomeinism (Berkeley 1993) CTp 66-87 TIepBOHallaJIhHO HCJIaMCKOrO AYXOBeHCTBa B TOM BRAe B KaKOM XPHCTHaHCKoe AYXOBeHCTBO cymecTByeT Ha 3arraAe He 6hIJIO TIpoHcmeAshymee B MpaHe ClIHTaeT BepHapA JIhIOHC MO)KHO Ha3BaTh XPHCTHaHH3aUHen HCJIaMa 5 CM Said Arjomand The Turban and the Cross (New York 1988) cTp 209 6 CM HarrpHMep Aurel Kolnai The Revolt Against the West (London 1938) 7 Ho BepHo H TO liTO xaoc rrOCJIeAOBaBmHn 3a OKOHlIashyHHeM BonHhI B AcpraHHcTaHe H HerrpeKpa~aIO~aSICSI pa3pymHTeJIhHaSI BOHHa MeAY rrJIeMeHaMH rrpHBeJIH K B03HHKHOBeHHIO CPYHAaMeHTaJIHCTCKOro ABHeHHSI TaJIH6aH PaAHKaJIH3M ero MOJIOAhIX qrreHOB B HeKOTophIX OTHomeooIDC rrpeBOCXOAHJI PaAHKaJIH3M HPaHCKHX MYJIJI 8 neHh1992 CTp 26 9 Paul Mojzes Yugoslav Inferno (New York 1994) cTp134 10 AJIeKCeH MaJIameHKO M3 rrpomJIoro B rrpomJIoe cIJYHAaMeHTaJIH3M HCJIaMa H rrpaBOCJIaBHe CBo6oAHaSI MhICJIh 14 (1993) CTp 69-83 11 Pram Shankar Jha The Fascist Impulse in Developing Counshytries Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 17 (1994) cTp229
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rAa8bt ua KHU2U Seymour Martin Lipset and Earl Raab Jews and the New American Scene Harvard University Press Cambridge Massachusetts and London England 1995
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144
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145
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pbIe nOCJIe~OBaJIa OOopOHHTeJIbHaSI peaKQliSl C HX CTOpOHbI
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BeK H3 KOTOPbIX OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI )lHByT BHe pe3epBaQHH ITo
OOJIbIIIeH qaCTH HX MHrpaQHSI B ropo~a npOH30IIIJIa B xo~e BTOshy
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paQHIO H K KOHQY 1980-x rO~OB nOSIBHJIHCb ~aHHbIe nOKa3bIshy
BalOmHe B03MO)lHOCTb npHOOmeHHSI HH~eHQeB K rJIaBHOMY
pyCJIy aMepHKaHcKoH )lH3HH TaK K 1990 r npoQeHT nocryshy
nHBnmx B KOJIJIe~)IH nO~Im ~OCTHr ~OJIH HH~eHQeB B HaCeJIeshy
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BbICOKOH KaK Bcer~a HaXO~SlCb B 3aBliCHMocm OT KOHQeHTshy
paQHH HH~eHCKoro HaCeJIeHHSI B 1970 r ~OJISI HH~eHQeB
150 151
BCTYIIaBnmx B CMellIaHHbIe OPaKH ObDIa HIDKe 10 WISI gtKHshy
B~X B pe3epBaIUISIX OKOJIO 20 WISI JKHB~ B ropooax
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CTOJIbKO H3-3a rrpeopaccyoKoB rro OTHOllIeHHIO K HHM H 3ashy
IIJHTHOit peaKnHH caMHX HHoeitneB CKOJIbKO H3-3a CHJIbI
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pHKaHDbI PaCH3M KYJIbTypHble H HHCTHTYDHOHaJIbHbIe rrepeshy
KHTKH paOCTBa H cerperanHH crrOCOOCTBOBaJIH CPOPMHPOshy
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rrapaTH3Ma qeM y JIaTHHOC a3HaTOB H HHJJettneB Ho Heshy
CMOTpSI Ha KeCToKoe OOpaIIJeHHe KOTOPOMY 000 rrOoBeprashy
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OCHOBHOtt neJIbIO OOPbObI Obmo BCTyIIJIeHHe B rJIaBHOe PYCJIO
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OaHCKHe rrpaBa HerpOB pa3BepHYBIlIerocSI B 1960-e rOohI
HallHHaSI C 1990-x IT 3HallHTeJIbHOe llHCJIO acpp0aMepHshy
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CHOHaJIbHaSI MOOHJIbHOCTb COnHaJIbHO YIIJeMJIeHHbIX rpyrrrr
OOIIJeCTBa OObIIHO 3aBHCHT OT pa3BHTHSI 3KOHOMHKH OTllacshy
TH rro 3TOtt rrpHqnne YJIyqIlIeHHe nOJIOKeHHSI HerpOB Ha PbIHshy
Ke TPyoa He Ohmo paBHOMepHbIM OoHaKO B rOohI oBHKeHHSI
3a rpaKflaHCKHe rrpaBa rrporpecc Obm BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIbHbIM
B 1950-e rO)VI qYTh oOJIee OoHOtt oecSITott paOOTalO~X
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OO~OB K 1990-M rooaM oOJISI OeJIbIX BOpOT~OB cpeoH
HerpOB OOCTHrJIa 40 (cpeoH OeJIbIX - 50) B 1990 rOohI
MeoHaHHbIH rrOKa3aTeJIb rOOOBoro ooxooa OJISI HerpHTSIHcKott
cyrrpYKeCKoit napbI COCTaBJISIJI llYn MeHee 40 TbIC OOJIJIashy
POB TO eCTb npHMepHO 84 OT ooxooa oeJIott cyrrpYKeCKoit
rrapbl B 1967 rooy 3Ta rrporropnHSI COCTaBJISIJIa 60 TaKoit
rrpHpOCT BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIeH eCJlli yqeCTb qTO HerpbI JlliIlIb
HeOaBHO ObIJlli oonymeHbI K KOHKypeHDHH Ha pbmKe TPyoa B 1990 rooy MeoHaHHbltt rOAoBoit OOXOO Herpa-BbIIIycKHHKa
KOJIJIeJCgtKa COCTaBJISIJI 90 ooxooa oeJIoro BbllIycKHHKa99
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EIIJe OoHH rrpH3HaK rrepeMeH - paCTYIIJee qHCJIO HerpOB
rrOJIyqalOIIJHX BbIoopHbIe oOJIKHOCTH B pattoHax C SIBHbIM
npeOOJIaoaHHeM oeJIoro HaCeJIeHHSI OoHH Herp-KOHrpeCCMeH
3aMeTHJI rro 3TOMY rroBooy HeT HOBoro nOKOJIeHHSI HerpOBshy
rrOJlliTHKOB ecn HOBoe rrOKOJIeHHe OeJIbIX H30HpaTeJIeit100 B 1985 r rrpeOCTaBJISISI oaHHbIe 0 BaKHbIX H YCTOttqHBbIX
rrepeMeHax B OTHOllIeHHSIX MeKfly qepHbIMH H OeJIbIMH H3BeCTshy
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apo illYMaH CKa3aJI llTO rro OoHOMY TOMY qaKTY llTO BeCbMa
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COCTOSIHHe MeKpaCOBbIX OTHOllIeHHtt B 1940-e roohI MOKRO C
YBepeHHocTblO CYoHTb 0 3HaqHMOCTH rrpOHCllIeOllIHX rrepeshy
MeHIOI TaKHe peqopMbI npOllIeomHe B OCHOBHOM MHpshy
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n03oHO H eIIJe OaJIeKH OT 3aBepllIeooSI HO OHH oeMOHCTpHshy
PYlOT HHTerpaTHBHbIit rrOTeHDHaJI aMepHKaHCKoro OOIIJeCTBa
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ooHoBpeMeHHo CKJIaohIBaeTCSI CHTYaIUISI TParHqeCKoro pa3oBOshy
eHHSI ECJlli HeMaJIaSI qaCTb aqpoaMepHKaHcKoro HaCeJIeHHSI
YJIyqnrnJIa CBoe rrOJIOKeHHe H BCTyrrHJIa B PSIohI cpeoHero KJIaCshy
ca TO opyraSI 3HallHTeJIbHaSI ero rpyrrrra eIIJe rJIYOKe rrorpY3Hshy
JIaCb B xaoc H Oe3HaoeKHOCTb KOMHCCHSI KepHepa rro rpaKshy
oaHcKHM rrpaBaM eIIJe B 1960-e rOObI rrpeoynpeKoaJIa 0
152 153
B03HHKHOBeHlIH W3YX HaIUrlt - 6enOH H IepHOH C 1990-x
roAoB CTaHOBHTCSI eIle SlcHee ITO CPOPMHPYIOTCSI W3e pe3KO
pa3ITHIa1OIlHeCSI KaTerOplIH HerpHTSlHCKOrO HaceneHHSI - AOshy
6HBIlIHeCSI ycnexa H OCTa1OIlHeCSI Ha ~e B 1988 r Kapn
QHHMeitcTep BhICKa3an npeAIIOnO)leHHe ITO TpeTb acpposhy
aMepHKaHCKOrO HaCeneHHSI OTHOCHTCSI K 3a)IHTOIHOH IaCTH
CpeAHerO KnaCCa C ypOBHeM AOXOAOB Bbnue cpeAHero no
CTpaHe a APyraSl TpeTh BXOtHT B COCTaB HH3illeit npocnoiiKH
cpetHero Knacca TO eCTh no KpmmeH Mepe HMeeT pa60Ty H
C06CTBeHHOe )lGInhe OtHaKO eCTh eIle o~a TpeTh - Te KTO
rny60Ko yBSl3 B )lGI3HH reTTO H He MO)leT BbI6paThCSI H3 6etHocshy
TH 113 BOChMH MHnnHOHOB IenOBeK OTHOCSlIlHXCSI K 3TOH
HH)IHeit TpeTH 60nbIlIHHCTBO nonYIano rOCYAapCTBeHHhIe
nhrOThI HO H H3 HHX nonOBHHa Aa)Ie B nepHOA npOrtBeTaHHSI
Haxo~nach HH)le YPOBHSI 6etHOCTH lJeTBepTb 3Toro Haceneshy
HHSI BOBneIeHhI B npeCTYJIHYIO AeSlTenhHOCTh HnH CTpatta1OT
OT Hee OCTanhHbIe TpH IeTBePTH - B OCHOBHOM Hepa60Ta1Oshy
IlHe MaTepH-OtHHOllKH H HX AeTH 102
Pa3phm Me~ HerpaMH HMelOIlHMH BhICOKHe H HH3KHe
AOXOAhI CTaHOBHTCSI 60nee pe3KHM IeM cpeAH 6enhIx103
Y)Ie B 1969 r OTMeIaSI AOCTHrH)ThIH nporpecc OtHH H3 coshy
TpytHHKOB ElOpO nepellHCH OTMeTHn ITO YX)AllieHHe 06CTashy
HOBKH B reTTO MO)leT OTpa3HThCSI Ha MHrpaQlIH 60nee npeshy
ycneBllIHx ceMett H3 TpYIl06 TaM OCTaHYTCSI BAOBbI nOKHHYshy
ThIe )leHhI H AeTH CTapHKH H nHQa C HH3KHM ypOBHeM 06pa30shy
BaHHSI - TO eCTh Te KTO MeHee Bcex cnoc06eH CnpaBHThCSI
CO CBOHMH COQHaHbHO-3KOH0MH1eCKHMH np06neMaMH
C Tex nop nOnO)leHHe YXYAillHnOCb eIle 60nbille B 1960-e rOAbI HMeHHO B TO BpeMSl KOf(a HaIanCSI 3HaIHTenhshy
HhIH POCT HerpHTSlHCKoro cpe~ero Knacca HaIHHaeT PY_
IlIHThCSI ceMeHHaSI CTpYKTypa acppOaMepHKaHCKOrO Haceneshy
HHSI B 1950 r 78 HerpHTSlHCKHX AOMox03mcTB HMenH B
CBoeM COCTaBe cynp~ecKjIO napy ITO 6hInO 6nH3KO K coshy
oTBeTCTBjIOIleMY nOKa3aTemo AHSI 6enoro HaceneHHSl (88)
B 1990 r nHillb 48 HerpHTSlHcKHX AOMox03mCTB BKmQIanH
TaKYIO napy (y 6enhIX - 83 )105 [(onSl HerpHTSlHCKHX
tteTeH POAHBIlIHXCSI B HenonHbIX CeMhSlX B03rnSleMhIX Mashy
TephlO-OAHHOIKoit nOBbICHnaCb C 23 B 1960 r AO 62
K KOHQY 1980-x rOAoB106 HeCOMHeHHO ITO CYIleCTByeT
B3aHM03aBHCHMOCTh Me~ ceMeHHOH CTPYKTypOH H YPOBshy
HeM 06pa30BaHHSI H AOXOAOB pOtHTenett B 1988 r 60nhillHHshy
CTBO (56) HenOnHbIX ceMeH )IHnH B 6etHocTH B TO BpeMSl KaK
cpetH cynPY)IeCKHX nap C AeThMH 3TOT nOKa3aTenh COCTaBnSIn
Bcero 125107
Ha CaMOM Aene OtHaKO BHe6paIHaSI pO)ltaeMOCTh Y Hershy
PHTSlHcKoro HaceneHHSI paCTeT He TaK 6hICTPO KaK MO)leT
nOKa3aTbCSI no npHBeAeHHhIM Bbnue AaHHhIM KpHCToqep
[()IeHKc nOACIHTan ITO ecnH 6bI 3aM~e HerpHTSlHCKHe
)leHIlHHhI pOtHnH B 1987 r CTOnhKO)le AeTeH ITO H B 1960 r
TO AOnSl HerpHTSlHCKHX MnatteHQeB P0tHBllIHXCSI Y He3~shy
HHX MaTepeH BbIpocna 6bI 3a 3TH rOAM nHillb C 23 AO 29
[(eno B TOM ITO 3a 3TOT nepHOA ypOBeHh pO)ltaeMOCTH cpetH
cynp~ecKHX HerpHTSlHCKHX nap pe3KO CHH3HncSI ITO TaK)Ie
OTpa)laeTCSI Ha COOTHomeHHH Me~ 3aKOHHbIMH H Heshy
3aKOHHhIMH AeThMH 108
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pHKaHQaM HeCOMHeHHO nOttpbmaeT Y HHX TSIry K npeycneSlshy
HHID H CTpeMneHHe K HHTerpaQHH TIo AaHHbIM AOKnaAa
ony6nHKOBaHHOrO B 1986 r HaQHOHanhHbIM 6lOpO 3KOHOMHshy
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n03HYMe HaQHOHanhHOH AKaAeMHH HaYK OTMeIanOCh ITO B
1970-e rOtbI HaIanH pe3Ko pacxotHThCSI ycnoBHSI Ha nonIOcax
HerpHTSlHcKott 06IlHHbI K HaIany 1980-x rOAOB HerphIshy
~bI B B03paCTe OT 25 AO 34 neT HMelOIlHe 06pa30BaHHe
Bhone cpetHeH llIKOnhI 3apa6aThmanH 80-85 OT YPOBHSI 3ashy
pa60TKOB cooTBeTCTBYIOIleH KaTeropllH 6enoro HaceneHHSI
3TH MY)IIHHbI-HerphI npeACTaBnSInH BepXH1010 TpeTh cBoeH
B03paCTHott rpynDhI HH)IHIOID IeTBepn 3TOtt )le rpynllbI coshy
154 155
CTaBmlJlH Te KTO He OKOHqHJI cpe~HlOlO IIIKOJIY H He Mor
KOHKYPHpOBaTb Ha pbIHKe TPy~a B YCJIOBHHX 3KOHOMH~IeCKoro
yrraI(Ka 1970-x rO~OB Bce 60JIbIIIe TaKHX MOJIO~IX HerpOB BO-
06me BbI6bIBalOT H3 COCTaBa 3KOHOMHqeCKH aKTHBHOrO Hashy
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BBepx rro 06meCTBeHHOH JIeCTHHQe H 3TOT rrpoQecc rrposhy
HCXO~JI HerrpepbIBHO 3a HCKJIIOqeHHeM rrepHO~OB 3KOHOMHshy
qeCKOrO crrMa MO)KHO C~TaTb qTO rrpH 6JIarOrrpHHTHbIX 3KOshy
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JIIOQHOHHpOBaTb rro~06HO ~pymM MeHbrrrnHCTBaM COQHaJIbHaH
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JIOM XapaKTepH30BaJIH OTHOIIIeHHH 6eJIbIX H qepHbIX aMepHshy
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BbIX rrpHrOpO~bIX paHOHOB B KOTOPbIX )KHBYT 60JIee 3a)KHshy
TOqHble qepHOKO)I(He XapaKTepHa Te~eHQHH K cerperaQHH
AaHHble 0 CMeIIIaHHbIX 6paKax TaK)Ke oTPa)KalOT 3TY crreshy
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MHomx acentPOaMepHKaHQeB B 06JIacTH 06pa30BaHHH H B 3KOshy
Ho~ecKoH HHTerpaQHH AHaJIH3 ~aHHbIX 1980 r rrOKa3aJI qTO
H3 HerpOB HeJIaTHHOaMepHKaHCKOrO rrpOHcxo~eHHH TOJIbKO
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HOH HHTeJIJIHreHQHH B oc06eHHOCTH rrperro~aBaTeJIH YHHshy
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BpeMeHH c006maeTcH 06 acentPHKaHcKHx pHTYaJIax Ha cBa~6ax
HJIH 0 QepeMoHHHx HHHQHaQHH cpe~ MOJIO~IX aMepHKaHCKHX
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HHe TepMHHa acentPoaMepHKaHeQ llHPOKO C006maeTCH 0
caMOH30JIHQHH qepHbIX cTy~eHToB B YHHBepCHTeTCKHx roshy
po~ax qaCTO pa3~aIOTCH rrpH3bIBbI K rrpOBe~eHHIO OT~eJIbHbIX
QepeMOHHH 3aBepIIIeHHH yqe6bI ~JIH HerpoB B 1993 r Harreqashy
TaHHaH B O~OH H3 ra3eT KapHKaTypa H306pa)KaJIa BOHHCTshy
BYIOIIJHX HerpHTHHCKHX cTy~eHToB Tpe6YIOIIJHx OT~eJIbHbIX
centoHTa~KoB ~JIH rrHTbeBOH BO~I KOTopble TpHMaTb JIeT
Ha3~ 6bIJIH HeHaBHCTHbIM CHMBOJIOM cerperaQHH Ha aMepHshy
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laquoc~eJIaHHOrO B AMepHKeraquo KaK MbI a MapTHH JIIoTep KHHr
CKa3aJI O~~I Herp - aMepHKaHeQ 06 AcentpHKe MbI He
3HaeM HHqerol13 ABa orrpoca HerpHTHHcKoro HaCeJIeHHH
1990 H 1991 IT rrOKa3aJIH qTO 60JIbrrrnHCTBO HerpoB rrpe~oshy
~TaeT Ha3bIBaTb ce6H ~IepHOKO)I(HMH a He acentPoaMepHshy
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3YHrOM ~IePHaH rop~OCTb rrpe~eCTBOBaJIO ~pyrHM 3THHshy
qeCKHM ~H)KeHHHM 1960-1970-x rO~OB H B~OXHOBJIHJIO HX
Hepe~o Ha ero OCHOBe ~OCTHraJIOCb rrOJIHTHqeCKOe H 3KOHOshy
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156 157
JUllrHTeJIbHbli (H rrOJIO)fHTeJIbHbli) aTpH6YT aqpOaMepHshy
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HbIM IIpOTHBOrrOCTaBJIeHHeM TO eCTb 3aII(HTHOi peaKQHei B
KaKOi-TO Mepe K 3TOi 3aII(HTHOi peaKI(HH OC06eHHO arreJIJIHshy
pyroT HerpHTKHCKHe JI~epbI B cepe~e 1980-x rO~OB 60
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
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180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
183
56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
189
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146 147
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1940-1955 rr COCTaBJIHJIa 13 a B 1967 r - 31 87 B 1974 r TOT )Ke rrOKa3aTeJIb B JIoc-AH)()KeJIeCe COCTaBJIHJI
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ObIJIO MeHee rocTenpHHMHhIM H r)le ObIJIO MeHbilie SKOHOMHshy
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149148
KaMOO~I TaHJIaH)lQbI H T~ - eme OOJIee pe3KO pa3Jlll1lashy
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a3HaTCKoro npOHCXO)l()leHHSI BbIOPaJlllCb H3 HHmeTbI ObICTpee
qeM JIaTHHOC B 1990 r OKOJIO 40 aMepHKaHcKHx KHshy
T~eB 25 JIeT H CTapIIIe HMeJIH He MeHee 4 KYPCOB KOJIJIeWf(a
no cpaBHeHHIO C 12 HerpOB 10 HcnaHoaMepHKaHI~eB H
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OOT no MaTeMamKe B IIIKOJIaX COCTaBHJI ~JISI a3HaTOB 525
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H no OTMeTKaM Ha BCTyrrHTeJIbHbIX 3K3aMeHax B 1993 r onpoc
ra3eTbI JIoc-AHWf(eJIec TaMMC nOKa3aJI qTO 83 a3HaTOB
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00pa30BaHHSI H paooqero MeCTa KaK xoponme no CPaBHeshy
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paHTOB OQeHHBaJIaCb B 2-5 ~SI BToporo nOKOJIeHHSI - B
5-15 ~JISI TPeThero nOKOJIeHHSI - B 30-4593 B 1993 r
no COOOmeHHIO ~pHaJIa TaHM 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIb ~JISI aMeshy
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ABe nJIeMeHHbIe rpyrrIIbI B CilIA - HH~eHQbI H acppoaMeshy
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pbIe nOCJIe~OBaJIa OOopOHHTeJIbHaSI peaKQliSl C HX CTOpOHbI
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BeK H3 KOTOPbIX OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI )lHByT BHe pe3epBaQHH ITo
OOJIbIIIeH qaCTH HX MHrpaQHSI B ropo~a npOH30IIIJIa B xo~e BTOshy
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paQHIO H K KOHQY 1980-x rO~OB nOSIBHJIHCb ~aHHbIe nOKa3bIshy
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BbICOKOH KaK Bcer~a HaXO~SlCb B 3aBliCHMocm OT KOHQeHTshy
paQHH HH~eHCKoro HaCeJIeHHSI B 1970 r ~OJISI HH~eHQeB
150 151
BCTYIIaBnmx B CMellIaHHbIe OPaKH ObDIa HIDKe 10 WISI gtKHshy
B~X B pe3epBaIUISIX OKOJIO 20 WISI JKHB~ B ropooax
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HallHHaSI C 1990-x IT 3HallHTeJIbHOe llHCJIO acpp0aMepHshy
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B 1950-e rO)VI qYTh oOJIee OoHOtt oecSITott paOOTalO~X
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cyrrpYKeCKoit napbI COCTaBJISIJI llYn MeHee 40 TbIC OOJIJIashy
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rrpHpOCT BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIeH eCJlli yqeCTb qTO HerpbI JlliIlIb
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KOJIJIeJCgtKa COCTaBJISIJI 90 ooxooa oeJIoro BbllIycKHHKa99
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rrOJIyqalOIIJHX BbIoopHbIe oOJIKHOCTH B pattoHax C SIBHbIM
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rrOJlliTHKOB ecn HOBoe rrOKOJIeHHe OeJIbIX H30HpaTeJIeit100 B 1985 r rrpeOCTaBJISISI oaHHbIe 0 BaKHbIX H YCTOttqHBbIX
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apo illYMaH CKa3aJI llTO rro OoHOMY TOMY qaKTY llTO BeCbMa
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ooHoBpeMeHHo CKJIaohIBaeTCSI CHTYaIUISI TParHqeCKoro pa3oBOshy
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oaHcKHM rrpaBaM eIIJe B 1960-e rOObI rrpeoynpeKoaJIa 0
152 153
B03HHKHOBeHlIH W3YX HaIUrlt - 6enOH H IepHOH C 1990-x
roAoB CTaHOBHTCSI eIle SlcHee ITO CPOPMHPYIOTCSI W3e pe3KO
pa3ITHIa1OIlHeCSI KaTerOplIH HerpHTSlHCKOrO HaceneHHSI - AOshy
6HBIlIHeCSI ycnexa H OCTa1OIlHeCSI Ha ~e B 1988 r Kapn
QHHMeitcTep BhICKa3an npeAIIOnO)leHHe ITO TpeTb acpposhy
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cpetHero Knacca TO eCTh no KpmmeH Mepe HMeeT pa60Ty H
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ycneBllIHx ceMett H3 TpYIl06 TaM OCTaHYTCSI BAOBbI nOKHHYshy
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CO CBOHMH COQHaHbHO-3KOH0MH1eCKHMH np06neMaMH
C Tex nop nOnO)leHHe YXYAillHnOCb eIle 60nbille B 1960-e rOAbI HMeHHO B TO BpeMSl KOf(a HaIanCSI 3HaIHTenhshy
HhIH POCT HerpHTSlHCKoro cpe~ero Knacca HaIHHaeT PY_
IlIHThCSI ceMeHHaSI CTpYKTypa acppOaMepHKaHCKOrO Haceneshy
HHSI B 1950 r 78 HerpHTSlHCKHX AOMox03mcTB HMenH B
CBoeM COCTaBe cynp~ecKjIO napy ITO 6hInO 6nH3KO K coshy
oTBeTCTBjIOIleMY nOKa3aTemo AHSI 6enoro HaceneHHSl (88)
B 1990 r nHillb 48 HerpHTSlHcKHX AOMox03mCTB BKmQIanH
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TephlO-OAHHOIKoit nOBbICHnaCb C 23 B 1960 r AO 62
K KOHQY 1980-x rOAoB106 HeCOMHeHHO ITO CYIleCTByeT
B3aHM03aBHCHMOCTh Me~ ceMeHHOH CTPYKTypOH H YPOBshy
HeM 06pa30BaHHSI H AOXOAOB pOtHTenett B 1988 r 60nhillHHshy
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
University Press 1952) p 200
180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
183
56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
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nOJIO)KeHHe KOTOPbIX BeCbMa Pa3JIHlJRO B 1990 roly 19 KYOHHneB 25 JIeT H CTapme HMeJIH IeTbrpe H OOJIee JIeT ooyshy
lJeHHSI B KOJIJIel)Ke no CpaBHeHHIO C 10 nY3PTopHKaHneB
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lJISI KyoHHneB COCTaBJISIJI 31 TbIC lOJIJIapOB no CpaBHeHHIO C
23 H 18 TbIC lJISI MeKCHKaHneB B IIY3pTOpHKaHneB COOTBeTCTshy
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KaK Oe)KeHnbI npBHalJIe)KaIIJHe K cpe~eMY KJIaccy B He noshy
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MeKCHKaHneB B IIY3PTOpHKaHneB nOOTOMY 3pJI IIIoppHC OTshy
MelJaeT HeKOTOpbIe nOJIHmIeCKHe JIHI(epbI lOKa3bmaIOT lITO
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Bcero lJTO MemaeT H3yqeHHIO aHrJIHAcKoro SI3bIKa 3KOshy
HOMlllJeCKHe pa3JIH1HSI Bbl30BYT rnyooKHA nOllTa1HBalOInHA
CHJIbI paCKOJI B oOmHHe JIaTHHOcbullbullbull [KOTOpaSI 3aTeM] OYlleT
pa3leJISITbCSI Bce laJIbme H laJIbme no CBOBM BepOBaHHSIM
lJaSIHHSIM H HCTOpHlJeCKOMY npOIIIJIOMY19
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Bbntm H3 reTIO H nOl1HHHTbCSI CHJIaM nJIaBHJIbHOrO KOTJIa
KaK OTMelJaeTCSI B OlHOM OTlJeTe laquolJeM oOJIbme JIaTHHoc OTlashy
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CaMOCTOSITeJIbHble leJIa npHoomaIOTCSI K 3aHSITHSIM cpe~ero
KJIaCca a B npnropolax H B CMemaHHbIX CeMbSIX [HCnaHcKHit]
SI3b1K YMHpaeTraquo80 B 1987 r OKOJIO lByX TpeTeA HcnaHOshy
aMepHKaHneB HblO-HopKa H JIoc-AHl)KeJIeCa 3aSIBHJIH lJTO
rJIaBHOA neJIbIO lBYSI3bIIHOrO oopa30BaHHSI lOJI)KHO ObITb
ooeCnelJeHHe Toro ITOObI HX leTH H3yIHJIH aHrJIHAcKHA
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146 147
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1940-1955 rr COCTaBJIHJIa 13 a B 1967 r - 31 87 B 1974 r TOT )Ke rrOKa3aTeJIb B JIoc-AH)()KeJIeCe COCTaBJIHJI
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
University Press 1952) p 200
180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
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56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
189
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cnopHT BOKPyr npOOJIeM OOpa30BaHHSI eCTb TaKHe KTO nolshy
lep)KBBaeT coxpaHeHHe SI3bIKa TaKHe KTO CKJIOHSIeTCSI K nepeshy
xo~oA nporpaMMe ooyqeHHSI H TaKHe KTO B03pIDKaeT npOTHB
Bcero lJTO MemaeT H3yqeHHIO aHrJIHAcKoro SI3bIKa 3KOshy
HOMlllJeCKHe pa3JIH1HSI Bbl30BYT rnyooKHA nOllTa1HBalOInHA
CHJIbI paCKOJI B oOmHHe JIaTHHOcbullbullbull [KOTOpaSI 3aTeM] OYlleT
pa3leJISITbCSI Bce laJIbme H laJIbme no CBOBM BepOBaHHSIM
lJaSIHHSIM H HCTOpHlJeCKOMY npOIIIJIOMY19
()lHaKO OOJIee Bcero coxpaHeHHIO HcnaHoaMepHKaHneB
KaK ocoooA rpynnbl yrpO)KaeT gtKeJIaHHe CaMHX JIaTHHOC
Bbntm H3 reTIO H nOl1HHHTbCSI CHJIaM nJIaBHJIbHOrO KOTJIa
KaK OTMelJaeTCSI B OlHOM OTlJeTe laquolJeM oOJIbme JIaTHHoc OTlashy
JISIIOTCSI OT reTIO H npHOJIH)KaIOTCSI K ooraTbIM npnropolaM
TeM lJame OHH BCTynalOT B opaKH C laHrJIoc OTKpbIBaIOT
CaMOCTOSITeJIbHble leJIa npHoomaIOTCSI K 3aHSITHSIM cpe~ero
KJIaCca a B npnropolax H B CMemaHHbIX CeMbSIX [HCnaHcKHit]
SI3b1K YMHpaeTraquo80 B 1987 r OKOJIO lByX TpeTeA HcnaHOshy
aMepHKaHneB HblO-HopKa H JIoc-AHl)KeJIeCa 3aSIBHJIH lJTO
rJIaBHOA neJIbIO lBYSI3bIIHOrO oopa30BaHHSI lOJI)KHO ObITb
ooeCnelJeHHe Toro ITOObI HX leTH H3yIHJIH aHrJIHAcKHA
SI3b1K H He OTCTaBaJIH B mKOJIax81 COrJIaCHO HCCJIelOBashy
HHIO P3Hl KopnopemueH MeHee nOJIOBHHbI JIamHOC BTOshy
poro nOKOJIeHHSI BOOOme nOJIb3yroTCSI HCnaHCKHM SI3bIKOM B 1988 r OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI HcnaHoaMepHKaHneB KaJIHltpopshy
HHH B OCHOBHOM aMepHKaHCKHX MeKCHKaHneB 3aSIBHJIH lITO
OHH npelnOIHTalOT aHrnHAcKHA B KaIeCTBe OltpHnHaJIbHOrO
146 147
H3bIKa IIITaTa82 OOrueHaqHoHaJIbHbIH orrpoc HCrraHOaMeshy
pHKaHqeB 1989-1990 rr oOHapYlKHJI lITO rrO)laBJIHIOruee HX
OOJIbIIIHHCTBO (92) COrJIaIIIaIOTCH C TeM lITO Bce rpIDKaHe
H )KHTeJIH CllA )IOJI)KHbI H3YlIaTb aHrJIHHCKHH H3bIK TIo
orrpocy 1990 r 87 JIaTHHOC XbIOCTOHa CllHTaJIO CBOHM
)IOrrrOM H3yqaTb aHrJIHUCKHH H3bIK H OOJIbIIIHHCTBO KaK H B
KaJIHltpopHHH nOJIaraJIH lITO aHrJIHHCKHH )IOJI)KeH ObITb
OltpHqHaJIbHbIM H3bIKOM83
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rpyrrn rro CBOHM rrOJIHTHKO-H)IeOJIOmIeCKHM COOOpa)KeHHHM
rrpOBO)lHT cerrapaTHCTCKYIO JIHHHIO lIY)K)ijlO HHTerpaTHBHbIM
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rep oCy)K)IaIOrue 3aMeTHJI 0 TaKHX JIH)Iepax lITO OHH HaMHOshy
ro OOJIbilie rrpeycneJIH B HaroBopax Ha OeJIoe OOJIbIIIHHCTBO
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IIIHHCTBa JIaTHHOC OHH TeM He MeHee HCrrOJIb3YIOT B CBOHX
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qecce HHTerpaQHHH H ocooeHHO 3aMeTHble B Oe)lHbIX JIaTHshy
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nepBHlIHbIM ltpaKToPOM HHTerpaqHH TIpoqeHT CMeIIIaHHblX
opaKoB paCTeT TOJIbKO C OCJIaOJIeHHeM OCHOBHbIX npHllHH 000shy
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HMMHrpaHTCKOH norryJIHqHH O)lHH HCCJIe)lOBaTeJIb OOHapY)KHJI
ITO BO Bcex rpyrrrrax paHHeH HMMHrpaQHH H3 EBponbI KpoMe
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CTaBJIHJIa 20 a K TpeTbeMY rrOKOJIeHHIO )(OCTHrJIa 5085
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OlIeBH)IeH H 3)(eCb XOTH CTerreHb ero 3aBHCHT OT XapaKTepa
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CMeIIIaHHbIX opaKOB B nepBOM rrOKOJIeHHH rryspTopHKaHqeB
EOJIbiliOrO HbIO-l1opKa COCTaBHJIa B 1970 r 11 a cpe)H HX
)IeTeH - 3286 Cpe)(H MeKCHKaHCKHX aMepHKaHqeB AJIbshy
OYKepKe (iliTaT HbIO-MeKCHKO) )IOJIH CMeIIIaHHbIX OPaKOB B
1940-1955 rr COCTaBJIHJIa 13 a B 1967 r - 31 87 B 1974 r TOT )Ke rrOKa3aTeJIb B JIoc-AH)()KeJIeCe COCTaBJIHJI
34 a B CaH-AHTOHHO r)le oKpY)KaIOruee HaCeJIeHHe TOr)la
ObIJIO MeHee rocTenpHHMHhIM H r)le ObIJIO MeHbilie SKOHOMHshy
lIeCKHX B03MO)KHOCTeH )(JIH HcnaHoaMepHKaHqeB OH ObIJI
B)(Boe BbIIIIe88 O)lHO H3 oOCJIe)lOBaHHH OOHapY)KHJIO lITO
TOT )Ke IIOKa3aTeJIb )IJIH rpaltpCTBa JIoc-Au)()KeJIec Me)K)(y 1920shy
MH H 1960-MH rr Y)BOHJICH (c 20 )(040) H lITO B 1980-e IT
B KarrHltPoPHHH OOJIee rrOJIOBHHbI MeKCHKaHCKHX aMepHKaHqeB 89BCTyrraJIH B opaK BHe HCnaHOH3bIlIHOH 00ruHHbI ECJIH
OCTaBHTb B IIOKoe qHltPPbI TO HCHO H TaK lITO C POCTOM rrO)lshy
BH)KHOCTH STHOCOB oY)Iyruee JIaTHHOC H eBpeeB OKa)KeTCH
He TaKHM Y)K pa3JIHllHhIM
AMEPHKAH~bI A3HATCKOrO llPOHCXOJKIJEHmI
He CTOJIb MHOrotIHCJIeHHaH HO ObICTpO pacTyruaH 3THHshy
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KaK ltpaKTOP HapYIIIaIOruHH HHTerpaqHIO aMepHKaHcKoro oorueshy
CTBa TpeBory BbI3bIBaIOT KaK TeMIIbI HX HHTerpaqHH TaK H
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149148
KaMOO~I TaHJIaH)lQbI H T~ - eme OOJIee pe3KO pa3Jlll1lashy
IOTCSI Me~ COOOH qeM JIamHOC H no KYJIbTYPHOM) npomshy
JIoM) H no Sl3bIKaM ECTh H eme o~ HHTerpamBHbIH CPaKshyTOp HCTOPHSI H KYJIbTypa npHobIBnmx B AMepHKY a3HaTOB
OOYCJIOBHJIH HX BeCbMa CHJIbHyro TSlry K npeycneSIHHIO H )leshy
JIaHHe BORTH B rJIaBHOe PYCJIO aMepHKaHCKOH )lH3HH ~O ~eshy
JIaeT HX noxo)IHMH Ha eBpeeB B HTore OOJIbmHHCTBO rpyrrn
a3HaTCKoro npOHCXO)l()leHHSI BbIOPaJlllCb H3 HHmeTbI ObICTpee
qeM JIaTHHOC B 1990 r OKOJIO 40 aMepHKaHcKHx KHshy
T~eB 25 JIeT H CTapIIIe HMeJIH He MeHee 4 KYPCOB KOJIJIeWf(a
no cpaBHeHHIO C 12 HerpOB 10 HcnaHoaMepHKaHI~eB H
22 OeJIbIx90 B 1989 r cpe~HHH oaJIJI npOBepOqHbIX pashy
OOT no MaTeMamKe B IIIKOJIaX COCTaBHJI ~JISI a3HaTOB 525
~JISI OeJIbIX - 491 H MSI HerpOB - 38691 B 1990-e rO~I B
KaJIHcpopHHHCKOM YHHBepcHTeTe (EepKJIH) cepbe3Ho pacshy
cMaTPHBaJICSI Bonpoc 00 YCTaHOBJIeHHH KBOThI ~JISI aMepHKaHshy
CKHX KHTaHQeB qTOObI OHH He ~OMHHHpOBaJIH cpe~ npHshy
HHMaeMbIX no IIIKOJIbHbIM OTMeTKaM (KOHKypC aTTeCTaTOB)
H no OTMeTKaM Ha BCTyrrHTeJIbHbIX 3K3aMeHax B 1993 r onpoc
ra3eTbI JIoc-AHWf(eJIec TaMMC nOKa3aJI qTO 83 a3HaTOB
OQeHHJIH CBOH cnOCOOHOCTH ~OOHTbCSI )leJIaeMOrO )lHJIbSl
00pa30BaHHSI H paooqero MeCTa KaK xoponme no CPaBHeshy
HHIO C 77 OeJIbIX 55 JIamHOC H 33 HerpoB92
XOTSI a3HaTbI He OeJIbIe no nOKa3aTeJISlM Me)lOOmHHshy
HbIX opaKOB OHH CXO~bI C eBpOneHCKHMH 3THHqeCKHMH rpyrrshy
naMH IlOJISI CMeIIIaHHbIX opaKOB cpe~H SlnOHCKHX HMMHrshy
paHTOB OQeHHBaJIaCb B 2-5 ~SI BToporo nOKOJIeHHSI - B
5-15 ~JISI TPeThero nOKOJIeHHSI - B 30-4593 B 1993 r
no COOOmeHHIO ~pHaJIa TaHM 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIb ~JISI aMeshy
pHKaHCKHX SlnOHQeB COCTaBHJI 65 ITO~OOHO eBpeSlM OHH
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pOCJIa Me~JIeHHee - C 10 B 1950-e rO~I ~o 18 B 1970-e
rO~I95 O~aKO B QeJIOM B 1992 r 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIb no BceM
a3HaTaM COCTaBHJI no ~aHHbIM IIlrre3HHIepa OKOJIO 5096
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pa3MbmaThCSI MeHee ObICTPO He)leJIH Y eBpOneHQeB He CTOJIbshy
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KOPEHHLIE AMEPHKAHDLI (HH11EHIugtI)
ABe nJIeMeHHbIe rpyrrIIbI B CilIA - HH~eHQbI H acppoaMeshy
pHKaHQbI - OTJIHqalOTCSI OT OCTaJIbHbIX TeM ~O OHH He npHshy
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)lH3HH Ha pO~HHe H HmymHe nepcneKTHB B HOBOM CBeTe
EeJIaSl AMepHKa CaMa C03~aJIa ~JISI HHX Tpy~OCTH Ha KOTOshy
pbIe nOCJIe~OBaJIa OOopOHHTeJIbHaSI peaKQliSl C HX CTOpOHbI
~eHQeB HaCqHTbmaeTCSI OKOJIO ~yx MHJIJIHOHOB qeJIOshy
BeK H3 KOTOPbIX OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI )lHByT BHe pe3epBaQHH ITo
OOJIbIIIeH qaCTH HX MHrpaQHSI B ropo~a npOH30IIIJIa B xo~e BTOshy
POH MHPOBOH BOHHbI H cpa3y )le nOCJIe Hee H BO MHOrOM OHa
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paQHIO H K KOHQY 1980-x rO~OB nOSIBHJIHCb ~aHHbIe nOKa3bIshy
BalOmHe B03MO)lHOCTb npHOOmeHHSI HH~eHQeB K rJIaBHOMY
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nHBnmx B KOJIJIe~)IH nO~Im ~OCTHr ~OJIH HH~eHQeB B HaCeJIeshy
HHH97 IlOJISI Me)lpaCOBbIX opaKOB B ropo~ax TaK)Ie OblJla
BbICOKOH KaK Bcer~a HaXO~SlCb B 3aBliCHMocm OT KOHQeHTshy
paQHH HH~eHCKoro HaCeJIeHHSI B 1970 r ~OJISI HH~eHQeB
150 151
BCTYIIaBnmx B CMellIaHHbIe OPaKH ObDIa HIDKe 10 WISI gtKHshy
B~X B pe3epBaIUISIX OKOJIO 20 WISI JKHB~ B ropooax
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OaHCKHe rrpaBa HerpOB pa3BepHYBIlIerocSI B 1960-e rOohI
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HerpOB OOCTHrJIa 40 (cpeoH OeJIbIX - 50) B 1990 rOohI
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cyrrpYKeCKoit napbI COCTaBJISIJI llYn MeHee 40 TbIC OOJIJIashy
POB TO eCTb npHMepHO 84 OT ooxooa oeJIott cyrrpYKeCKoit
rrapbl B 1967 rooy 3Ta rrporropnHSI COCTaBJISIJIa 60 TaKoit
rrpHpOCT BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIeH eCJlli yqeCTb qTO HerpbI JlliIlIb
HeOaBHO ObIJlli oonymeHbI K KOHKypeHDHH Ha pbmKe TPyoa B 1990 rooy MeoHaHHbltt rOAoBoit OOXOO Herpa-BbIIIycKHHKa
KOJIJIeJCgtKa COCTaBJISIJI 90 ooxooa oeJIoro BbllIycKHHKa99
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rrOJIyqalOIIJHX BbIoopHbIe oOJIKHOCTH B pattoHax C SIBHbIM
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rrOJlliTHKOB ecn HOBoe rrOKOJIeHHe OeJIbIX H30HpaTeJIeit100 B 1985 r rrpeOCTaBJISISI oaHHbIe 0 BaKHbIX H YCTOttqHBbIX
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oaHcKHM rrpaBaM eIIJe B 1960-e rOObI rrpeoynpeKoaJIa 0
152 153
B03HHKHOBeHlIH W3YX HaIUrlt - 6enOH H IepHOH C 1990-x
roAoB CTaHOBHTCSI eIle SlcHee ITO CPOPMHPYIOTCSI W3e pe3KO
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
University Press 1952) p 200
180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
183
56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
189
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MH H 1960-MH rr Y)BOHJICH (c 20 )(040) H lITO B 1980-e IT
B KarrHltPoPHHH OOJIee rrOJIOBHHbI MeKCHKaHCKHX aMepHKaHqeB 89BCTyrraJIH B opaK BHe HCnaHOH3bIlIHOH 00ruHHbI ECJIH
OCTaBHTb B IIOKoe qHltPPbI TO HCHO H TaK lITO C POCTOM rrO)lshy
BH)KHOCTH STHOCOB oY)Iyruee JIaTHHOC H eBpeeB OKa)KeTCH
He TaKHM Y)K pa3JIHllHhIM
AMEPHKAH~bI A3HATCKOrO llPOHCXOJKIJEHmI
He CTOJIb MHOrotIHCJIeHHaH HO ObICTpO pacTyruaH 3THHshy
lIeCKaH rpyrrna a3HaToB TaK)Ke BocrrpHHHMaeTCH MHorHMH
KaK ltpaKTOP HapYIIIaIOruHH HHTerpaqHIO aMepHKaHcKoro oorueshy
CTBa TpeBory BbI3bIBaIOT KaK TeMIIbI HX HHTerpaqHH TaK H
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149148
KaMOO~I TaHJIaH)lQbI H T~ - eme OOJIee pe3KO pa3Jlll1lashy
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JIoM) H no Sl3bIKaM ECTh H eme o~ HHTerpamBHbIH CPaKshyTOp HCTOPHSI H KYJIbTypa npHobIBnmx B AMepHKY a3HaTOB
OOYCJIOBHJIH HX BeCbMa CHJIbHyro TSlry K npeycneSIHHIO H )leshy
JIaHHe BORTH B rJIaBHOe PYCJIO aMepHKaHCKOH )lH3HH ~O ~eshy
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a3HaTCKoro npOHCXO)l()leHHSI BbIOPaJlllCb H3 HHmeTbI ObICTpee
qeM JIaTHHOC B 1990 r OKOJIO 40 aMepHKaHcKHx KHshy
T~eB 25 JIeT H CTapIIIe HMeJIH He MeHee 4 KYPCOB KOJIJIeWf(a
no cpaBHeHHIO C 12 HerpOB 10 HcnaHoaMepHKaHI~eB H
22 OeJIbIx90 B 1989 r cpe~HHH oaJIJI npOBepOqHbIX pashy
OOT no MaTeMamKe B IIIKOJIaX COCTaBHJI ~JISI a3HaTOB 525
~JISI OeJIbIX - 491 H MSI HerpOB - 38691 B 1990-e rO~I B
KaJIHcpopHHHCKOM YHHBepcHTeTe (EepKJIH) cepbe3Ho pacshy
cMaTPHBaJICSI Bonpoc 00 YCTaHOBJIeHHH KBOThI ~JISI aMepHKaHshy
CKHX KHTaHQeB qTOObI OHH He ~OMHHHpOBaJIH cpe~ npHshy
HHMaeMbIX no IIIKOJIbHbIM OTMeTKaM (KOHKypC aTTeCTaTOB)
H no OTMeTKaM Ha BCTyrrHTeJIbHbIX 3K3aMeHax B 1993 r onpoc
ra3eTbI JIoc-AHWf(eJIec TaMMC nOKa3aJI qTO 83 a3HaTOB
OQeHHJIH CBOH cnOCOOHOCTH ~OOHTbCSI )leJIaeMOrO )lHJIbSl
00pa30BaHHSI H paooqero MeCTa KaK xoponme no CPaBHeshy
HHIO C 77 OeJIbIX 55 JIamHOC H 33 HerpoB92
XOTSI a3HaTbI He OeJIbIe no nOKa3aTeJISlM Me)lOOmHHshy
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naMH IlOJISI CMeIIIaHHbIX opaKOB cpe~H SlnOHCKHX HMMHrshy
paHTOB OQeHHBaJIaCb B 2-5 ~SI BToporo nOKOJIeHHSI - B
5-15 ~JISI TPeThero nOKOJIeHHSI - B 30-4593 B 1993 r
no COOOmeHHIO ~pHaJIa TaHM 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIb ~JISI aMeshy
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THSI He3HaqHTeJIeH94 Cpe~H KHTaiiQeB B03MO)IH0 B pe3YJIbshy
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rO~I95 O~aKO B QeJIOM B 1992 r 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIb no BceM
a3HaTaM COCTaBHJI no ~aHHbIM IIlrre3HHIepa OKOJIO 5096
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KO BCJIe~CTBHe CTpeMJIeHHSI rpynnbI K caMocoxpaHeHHIO
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ABe nJIeMeHHbIe rpyrrIIbI B CilIA - HH~eHQbI H acppoaMeshy
pHKaHQbI - OTJIHqalOTCSI OT OCTaJIbHbIX TeM ~O OHH He npHshy
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EeJIaSl AMepHKa CaMa C03~aJIa ~JISI HHX Tpy~OCTH Ha KOTOshy
pbIe nOCJIe~OBaJIa OOopOHHTeJIbHaSI peaKQliSl C HX CTOpOHbI
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BeK H3 KOTOPbIX OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI )lHByT BHe pe3epBaQHH ITo
OOJIbIIIeH qaCTH HX MHrpaQHSI B ropo~a npOH30IIIJIa B xo~e BTOshy
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paQHIO H K KOHQY 1980-x rO~OB nOSIBHJIHCb ~aHHbIe nOKa3bIshy
BalOmHe B03MO)lHOCTb npHOOmeHHSI HH~eHQeB K rJIaBHOMY
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nHBnmx B KOJIJIe~)IH nO~Im ~OCTHr ~OJIH HH~eHQeB B HaCeJIeshy
HHH97 IlOJISI Me)lpaCOBbIX opaKOB B ropo~ax TaK)Ie OblJla
BbICOKOH KaK Bcer~a HaXO~SlCb B 3aBliCHMocm OT KOHQeHTshy
paQHH HH~eHCKoro HaCeJIeHHSI B 1970 r ~OJISI HH~eHQeB
150 151
BCTYIIaBnmx B CMellIaHHbIe OPaKH ObDIa HIDKe 10 WISI gtKHshy
B~X B pe3epBaIUISIX OKOJIO 20 WISI JKHB~ B ropooax
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lJHKaro H JIoc-AHwKeJIec98
H Bce Ke rrJIeMeHHOe CaMOC03HaHHe HeKoTopbIX rpyrrrr
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CTOJIbKO H3-3a rrpeopaccyoKoB rro OTHOllIeHHIO K HHM H 3ashy
IIJHTHOit peaKnHH caMHX HHoeitneB CKOJIbKO H3-3a CHJIbI
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HHTerpanHSI Obma rJIaBHbIM JI03ynrOM oBIDKeHHSI 3a rpaKshy
OaHCKHe rrpaBa HerpOB pa3BepHYBIlIerocSI B 1960-e rOohI
HallHHaSI C 1990-x IT 3HallHTeJIbHOe llHCJIO acpp0aMepHshy
KaHDeB BCTyrraeT B rJIaBHOe PYCJIO KH3HH CTPaHhI TIpocpecshy
CHOHaJIbHaSI MOOHJIbHOCTb COnHaJIbHO YIIJeMJIeHHbIX rpyrrrr
OOIIJeCTBa OObIIHO 3aBHCHT OT pa3BHTHSI 3KOHOMHKH OTllacshy
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3a rpaKflaHCKHe rrpaBa rrporpecc Obm BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIbHbIM
B 1950-e rO)VI qYTh oOJIee OoHOtt oecSITott paOOTalO~X
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OO~OB K 1990-M rooaM oOJISI OeJIbIX BOpOT~OB cpeoH
HerpOB OOCTHrJIa 40 (cpeoH OeJIbIX - 50) B 1990 rOohI
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cyrrpYKeCKoit napbI COCTaBJISIJI llYn MeHee 40 TbIC OOJIJIashy
POB TO eCTb npHMepHO 84 OT ooxooa oeJIott cyrrpYKeCKoit
rrapbl B 1967 rooy 3Ta rrporropnHSI COCTaBJISIJIa 60 TaKoit
rrpHpOCT BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIeH eCJlli yqeCTb qTO HerpbI JlliIlIb
HeOaBHO ObIJlli oonymeHbI K KOHKypeHDHH Ha pbmKe TPyoa B 1990 rooy MeoHaHHbltt rOAoBoit OOXOO Herpa-BbIIIycKHHKa
KOJIJIeJCgtKa COCTaBJISIJI 90 ooxooa oeJIoro BbllIycKHHKa99
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EIIJe OoHH rrpH3HaK rrepeMeH - paCTYIIJee qHCJIO HerpOB
rrOJIyqalOIIJHX BbIoopHbIe oOJIKHOCTH B pattoHax C SIBHbIM
npeOOJIaoaHHeM oeJIoro HaCeJIeHHSI OoHH Herp-KOHrpeCCMeH
3aMeTHJI rro 3TOMY rroBooy HeT HOBoro nOKOJIeHHSI HerpOBshy
rrOJlliTHKOB ecn HOBoe rrOKOJIeHHe OeJIbIX H30HpaTeJIeit100 B 1985 r rrpeOCTaBJISISI oaHHbIe 0 BaKHbIX H YCTOttqHBbIX
rrepeMeHax B OTHOllIeHHSIX MeKfly qepHbIMH H OeJIbIMH H3BeCTshy
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apo illYMaH CKa3aJI llTO rro OoHOMY TOMY qaKTY llTO BeCbMa
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YBepeHHocTblO CYoHTb 0 3HaqHMOCTH rrpOHCllIeOllIHX rrepeshy
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n03oHO H eIIJe OaJIeKH OT 3aBepllIeooSI HO OHH oeMOHCTpHshy
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ooHoBpeMeHHo CKJIaohIBaeTCSI CHTYaIUISI TParHqeCKoro pa3oBOshy
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YJIyqnrnJIa CBoe rrOJIOKeHHe H BCTyrrHJIa B PSIohI cpeoHero KJIaCshy
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oaHcKHM rrpaBaM eIIJe B 1960-e rOObI rrpeoynpeKoaJIa 0
152 153
B03HHKHOBeHlIH W3YX HaIUrlt - 6enOH H IepHOH C 1990-x
roAoB CTaHOBHTCSI eIle SlcHee ITO CPOPMHPYIOTCSI W3e pe3KO
pa3ITHIa1OIlHeCSI KaTerOplIH HerpHTSlHCKOrO HaceneHHSI - AOshy
6HBIlIHeCSI ycnexa H OCTa1OIlHeCSI Ha ~e B 1988 r Kapn
QHHMeitcTep BhICKa3an npeAIIOnO)leHHe ITO TpeTb acpposhy
aMepHKaHCKOrO HaCeneHHSI OTHOCHTCSI K 3a)IHTOIHOH IaCTH
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CTpaHe a APyraSl TpeTh BXOtHT B COCTaB HH3illeit npocnoiiKH
cpetHero Knacca TO eCTh no KpmmeH Mepe HMeeT pa60Ty H
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rny60Ko yBSl3 B )lGI3HH reTTO H He MO)leT BbI6paThCSI H3 6etHocshy
TH 113 BOChMH MHnnHOHOB IenOBeK OTHOCSlIlHXCSI K 3TOH
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nhrOThI HO H H3 HHX nonOBHHa Aa)Ie B nepHOA npOrtBeTaHHSI
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HHSI BOBneIeHhI B npeCTYJIHYIO AeSlTenhHOCTh HnH CTpatta1OT
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IlHe MaTepH-OtHHOllKH H HX AeTH 102
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AOXOAhI CTaHOBHTCSI 60nee pe3KHM IeM cpeAH 6enhIx103
Y)Ie B 1969 r OTMeIaSI AOCTHrH)ThIH nporpecc OtHH H3 coshy
TpytHHKOB ElOpO nepellHCH OTMeTHn ITO YX)AllieHHe 06CTashy
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ycneBllIHx ceMett H3 TpYIl06 TaM OCTaHYTCSI BAOBbI nOKHHYshy
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BaHHSI - TO eCTh Te KTO MeHee Bcex cnoc06eH CnpaBHThCSI
CO CBOHMH COQHaHbHO-3KOH0MH1eCKHMH np06neMaMH
C Tex nop nOnO)leHHe YXYAillHnOCb eIle 60nbille B 1960-e rOAbI HMeHHO B TO BpeMSl KOf(a HaIanCSI 3HaIHTenhshy
HhIH POCT HerpHTSlHCKoro cpe~ero Knacca HaIHHaeT PY_
IlIHThCSI ceMeHHaSI CTpYKTypa acppOaMepHKaHCKOrO Haceneshy
HHSI B 1950 r 78 HerpHTSlHCKHX AOMox03mcTB HMenH B
CBoeM COCTaBe cynp~ecKjIO napy ITO 6hInO 6nH3KO K coshy
oTBeTCTBjIOIleMY nOKa3aTemo AHSI 6enoro HaceneHHSl (88)
B 1990 r nHillb 48 HerpHTSlHcKHX AOMox03mCTB BKmQIanH
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TephlO-OAHHOIKoit nOBbICHnaCb C 23 B 1960 r AO 62
K KOHQY 1980-x rOAoB106 HeCOMHeHHO ITO CYIleCTByeT
B3aHM03aBHCHMOCTh Me~ ceMeHHOH CTPYKTypOH H YPOBshy
HeM 06pa30BaHHSI H AOXOAOB pOtHTenett B 1988 r 60nhillHHshy
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Bcero 125107
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nOKa3aTbCSI no npHBeAeHHhIM Bbnue AaHHhIM KpHCToqep
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TO AOnSl HerpHTSlHCKHX MnatteHQeB P0tHBllIHXCSI Y He3~shy
HHX MaTepeH BbIpocna 6bI 3a 3TH rOAM nHillb C 23 AO 29
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OTpa)laeTCSI Ha COOTHomeHHH Me~ 3aKOHHbIMH H Heshy
3aKOHHhIMH AeThMH 108
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pHKaHQaM HeCOMHeHHO nOttpbmaeT Y HHX TSIry K npeycneSlshy
HHID H CTpeMneHHe K HHTerpaQHH TIo AaHHbIM AOKnaAa
ony6nHKOBaHHOrO B 1986 r HaQHOHanhHbIM 6lOpO 3KOHOMHshy
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154 155
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
University Press 1952) p 200
180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
183
56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
189
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KJIaCca a B npnropolax H B CMemaHHbIX CeMbSIX [HCnaHcKHit]
SI3b1K YMHpaeTraquo80 B 1987 r OKOJIO lByX TpeTeA HcnaHOshy
aMepHKaHneB HblO-HopKa H JIoc-AHl)KeJIeCa 3aSIBHJIH lJTO
rJIaBHOA neJIbIO lBYSI3bIIHOrO oopa30BaHHSI lOJI)KHO ObITb
ooeCnelJeHHe Toro ITOObI HX leTH H3yIHJIH aHrJIHAcKHA
SI3b1K H He OTCTaBaJIH B mKOJIax81 COrJIaCHO HCCJIelOBashy
HHIO P3Hl KopnopemueH MeHee nOJIOBHHbI JIamHOC BTOshy
poro nOKOJIeHHSI BOOOme nOJIb3yroTCSI HCnaHCKHM SI3bIKOM B 1988 r OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI HcnaHoaMepHKaHneB KaJIHltpopshy
HHH B OCHOBHOM aMepHKaHCKHX MeKCHKaHneB 3aSIBHJIH lITO
OHH npelnOIHTalOT aHrnHAcKHA B KaIeCTBe OltpHnHaJIbHOrO
146 147
H3bIKa IIITaTa82 OOrueHaqHoHaJIbHbIH orrpoc HCrraHOaMeshy
pHKaHqeB 1989-1990 rr oOHapYlKHJI lITO rrO)laBJIHIOruee HX
OOJIbIIIHHCTBO (92) COrJIaIIIaIOTCH C TeM lITO Bce rpIDKaHe
H )KHTeJIH CllA )IOJI)KHbI H3YlIaTb aHrJIHHCKHH H3bIK TIo
orrpocy 1990 r 87 JIaTHHOC XbIOCTOHa CllHTaJIO CBOHM
)IOrrrOM H3yqaTb aHrJIHUCKHH H3bIK H OOJIbIIIHHCTBO KaK H B
KaJIHltpopHHH nOJIaraJIH lITO aHrJIHHCKHH )IOJI)KeH ObITb
OltpHqHaJIbHbIM H3bIKOM83
HeKOTOpble JIH)IepbI H OpraHH3aqHH HOBbIX STHHlIeCKHX
rpyrrn rro CBOHM rrOJIHTHKO-H)IeOJIOmIeCKHM COOOpa)KeHHHM
rrpOBO)lHT cerrapaTHCTCKYIO JIHHHIO lIY)K)ijlO HHTerpaTHBHbIM
ycrpeMJIeHHHM OOJIbIIIHHCTBa qrreHOB rpynnbI APTYP illJIe3HHshy
rep oCy)K)IaIOrue 3aMeTHJI 0 TaKHX JIH)Iepax lITO OHH HaMHOshy
ro OOJIbilie rrpeycneJIH B HaroBopax Ha OeJIoe OOJIbIIIHHCTBO
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He B CHJIaX H3MeHHTb HHTerpaTHBHble HacTpoeHHH OOJIbshy
IIIHHCTBa JIaTHHOC OHH TeM He MeHee HCrrOJIb3YIOT B CBOHX
HHTepecax TPY)IHOCTH H pa30lIapOBaHHH BCTpeIaeMbIe B rrposhy
qecce HHTerpaQHHH H ocooeHHO 3aMeTHble B Oe)lHbIX JIaTHshy
HoaMepHKaHCKHX paHOHax KaK 3aMeTHJI TIHTep CKeppH
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KYJIbTypHbIe pa3JIHlIHH rrOMeplKHBaIOT cerrapaTHcTcKHe TeHshy
)IeHQHH Cpe)lH JIaTHHOC a 3aruHTHaH peaKqHH CBH3aHHaH
C TpeBOrOH 3a ycrrex HHTerpaQHH
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nepBHlIHbIM ltpaKToPOM HHTerpaqHH TIpoqeHT CMeIIIaHHblX
opaKoB paCTeT TOJIbKO C OCJIaOJIeHHeM OCHOBHbIX npHllHH 000shy
c06JIeHHoCTH - rJIaBHbIM 00pa30M co CHH)KeHHeM rrJIOTHOCTH
STHHIeCKOro HaCeJIeHHH B MeCTax ero KOHqeHTpaQHH H C YCHshy
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HMMHrpaHTCKOH norryJIHqHH O)lHH HCCJIe)lOBaTeJIb OOHapY)KHJI
ITO BO Bcex rpyrrrrax paHHeH HMMHrpaQHH H3 EBponbI KpoMe
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CTaBJIHJIa 20 a K TpeTbeMY rrOKOJIeHHIO )(OCTHrJIa 5085
Y JIaTHHOC H TeMrrbI aCCHMHJIHqHH HHbIe XOTH STO
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paTHBHbIH SltpltpeKT rrpeObIBaHHH B aMepHKaHCKOM oorueCTBe
OlIeBH)IeH H 3)(eCb XOTH CTerreHb ero 3aBHCHT OT XapaKTepa
paCCeJIeHHH JIaTHHOC H ypOBHH OTKPbITOCTH HX OOIqHH IJOJIH
CMeIIIaHHbIX opaKOB B nepBOM rrOKOJIeHHH rryspTopHKaHqeB
EOJIbiliOrO HbIO-l1opKa COCTaBHJIa B 1970 r 11 a cpe)H HX
)IeTeH - 3286 Cpe)(H MeKCHKaHCKHX aMepHKaHqeB AJIbshy
OYKepKe (iliTaT HbIO-MeKCHKO) )IOJIH CMeIIIaHHbIX OPaKOB B
1940-1955 rr COCTaBJIHJIa 13 a B 1967 r - 31 87 B 1974 r TOT )Ke rrOKa3aTeJIb B JIoc-AH)()KeJIeCe COCTaBJIHJI
34 a B CaH-AHTOHHO r)le oKpY)KaIOruee HaCeJIeHHe TOr)la
ObIJIO MeHee rocTenpHHMHhIM H r)le ObIJIO MeHbilie SKOHOMHshy
lIeCKHX B03MO)KHOCTeH )(JIH HcnaHoaMepHKaHqeB OH ObIJI
B)(Boe BbIIIIe88 O)lHO H3 oOCJIe)lOBaHHH OOHapY)KHJIO lITO
TOT )Ke IIOKa3aTeJIb )IJIH rpaltpCTBa JIoc-Au)()KeJIec Me)K)(y 1920shy
MH H 1960-MH rr Y)BOHJICH (c 20 )(040) H lITO B 1980-e IT
B KarrHltPoPHHH OOJIee rrOJIOBHHbI MeKCHKaHCKHX aMepHKaHqeB 89BCTyrraJIH B opaK BHe HCnaHOH3bIlIHOH 00ruHHbI ECJIH
OCTaBHTb B IIOKoe qHltPPbI TO HCHO H TaK lITO C POCTOM rrO)lshy
BH)KHOCTH STHOCOB oY)Iyruee JIaTHHOC H eBpeeB OKa)KeTCH
He TaKHM Y)K pa3JIHllHhIM
AMEPHKAH~bI A3HATCKOrO llPOHCXOJKIJEHmI
He CTOJIb MHOrotIHCJIeHHaH HO ObICTpO pacTyruaH 3THHshy
lIeCKaH rpyrrna a3HaToB TaK)Ke BocrrpHHHMaeTCH MHorHMH
KaK ltpaKTOP HapYIIIaIOruHH HHTerpaqHIO aMepHKaHcKoro oorueshy
CTBa TpeBory BbI3bIBaIOT KaK TeMIIbI HX HHTerpaqHH TaK H
SK30THllHOCTb HX H3bIKOB H KYJIbTYP O)(HaKO a3HaTbI -
KHTaHqbI HIIOHqbI KOpeHqbI BbeTHaMqbI ltpHJIHrrrrHHqbI
149148
KaMOO~I TaHJIaH)lQbI H T~ - eme OOJIee pe3KO pa3Jlll1lashy
IOTCSI Me~ COOOH qeM JIamHOC H no KYJIbTYPHOM) npomshy
JIoM) H no Sl3bIKaM ECTh H eme o~ HHTerpamBHbIH CPaKshyTOp HCTOPHSI H KYJIbTypa npHobIBnmx B AMepHKY a3HaTOB
OOYCJIOBHJIH HX BeCbMa CHJIbHyro TSlry K npeycneSIHHIO H )leshy
JIaHHe BORTH B rJIaBHOe PYCJIO aMepHKaHCKOH )lH3HH ~O ~eshy
JIaeT HX noxo)IHMH Ha eBpeeB B HTore OOJIbmHHCTBO rpyrrn
a3HaTCKoro npOHCXO)l()leHHSI BbIOPaJlllCb H3 HHmeTbI ObICTpee
qeM JIaTHHOC B 1990 r OKOJIO 40 aMepHKaHcKHx KHshy
T~eB 25 JIeT H CTapIIIe HMeJIH He MeHee 4 KYPCOB KOJIJIeWf(a
no cpaBHeHHIO C 12 HerpOB 10 HcnaHoaMepHKaHI~eB H
22 OeJIbIx90 B 1989 r cpe~HHH oaJIJI npOBepOqHbIX pashy
OOT no MaTeMamKe B IIIKOJIaX COCTaBHJI ~JISI a3HaTOB 525
~JISI OeJIbIX - 491 H MSI HerpOB - 38691 B 1990-e rO~I B
KaJIHcpopHHHCKOM YHHBepcHTeTe (EepKJIH) cepbe3Ho pacshy
cMaTPHBaJICSI Bonpoc 00 YCTaHOBJIeHHH KBOThI ~JISI aMepHKaHshy
CKHX KHTaHQeB qTOObI OHH He ~OMHHHpOBaJIH cpe~ npHshy
HHMaeMbIX no IIIKOJIbHbIM OTMeTKaM (KOHKypC aTTeCTaTOB)
H no OTMeTKaM Ha BCTyrrHTeJIbHbIX 3K3aMeHax B 1993 r onpoc
ra3eTbI JIoc-AHWf(eJIec TaMMC nOKa3aJI qTO 83 a3HaTOB
OQeHHJIH CBOH cnOCOOHOCTH ~OOHTbCSI )leJIaeMOrO )lHJIbSl
00pa30BaHHSI H paooqero MeCTa KaK xoponme no CPaBHeshy
HHIO C 77 OeJIbIX 55 JIamHOC H 33 HerpoB92
XOTSI a3HaTbI He OeJIbIe no nOKa3aTeJISlM Me)lOOmHHshy
HbIX opaKOB OHH CXO~bI C eBpOneHCKHMH 3THHqeCKHMH rpyrrshy
naMH IlOJISI CMeIIIaHHbIX opaKOB cpe~H SlnOHCKHX HMMHrshy
paHTOB OQeHHBaJIaCb B 2-5 ~SI BToporo nOKOJIeHHSI - B
5-15 ~JISI TPeThero nOKOJIeHHSI - B 30-4593 B 1993 r
no COOOmeHHIO ~pHaJIa TaHM 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIb ~JISI aMeshy
pHKaHCKHX SlnOHQeB COCTaBHJI 65 ITO~OOHO eBpeSlM OHH
y~a~o HHTerpHpOBaJllICb B aMepHKaHCKoe OOmecTBo K TOM)
)le npHTOK HMMHrpaHTOB H3 ~nOHHH B nOCJIe~He ~eCSlTHJIeshy
THSI He3HaqHTeJIeH94 Cpe~H KHTaiiQeB B03MO)IH0 B pe3YJIbshy
TaTe MaCCOBOH HMMHrpaQHH OOJIbIIIerO qHCJIa opa~bIX naPTshy
HepOB KHTaHCKOrO npOHCXO)l()leHHSI ~OJISI CMeIIIaHHbIX OPaKOB
pOCJIa Me~JIeHHee - C 10 B 1950-e rO~I ~o 18 B 1970-e
rO~I95 O~aKO B QeJIOM B 1992 r 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIb no BceM
a3HaTaM COCTaBHJI no ~aHHbIM IIlrre3HHIepa OKOJIO 5096
A3HaTCKHe 3THHqeCKHe qepTbI H caMOC03HaHHe OY~T
pa3MbmaThCSI MeHee ObICTPO He)leJIH Y eBpOneHQeB He CTOJIbshy
KO BCJIe~CTBHe CTpeMJIeHHSI rpynnbI K caMocoxpaHeHHIO
CKOJIbKO BCJIe~CTBHe MOmH BeKOBbIX KYJIbTYPHbIX H OOmHHshy
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ceMeHHbIMH H Tpy~OBbIMH QeHHOCTSlMH OOJIbIIIHHCTBa a3Hshy
aTOB H OCHOBHOH MaCCbI aMepHKaHQeB
KOPEHHLIE AMEPHKAHDLI (HH11EHIugtI)
ABe nJIeMeHHbIe rpyrrIIbI B CilIA - HH~eHQbI H acppoaMeshy
pHKaHQbI - OTJIHqalOTCSI OT OCTaJIbHbIX TeM ~O OHH He npHshy
ObIJIH clO~a KaK HMMHrpaHTbI oerymHe OT TSI)IeJIbIX YCJIOBHH
)lH3HH Ha pO~HHe H HmymHe nepcneKTHB B HOBOM CBeTe
EeJIaSl AMepHKa CaMa C03~aJIa ~JISI HHX Tpy~OCTH Ha KOTOshy
pbIe nOCJIe~OBaJIa OOopOHHTeJIbHaSI peaKQliSl C HX CTOpOHbI
~eHQeB HaCqHTbmaeTCSI OKOJIO ~yx MHJIJIHOHOB qeJIOshy
BeK H3 KOTOPbIX OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI )lHByT BHe pe3epBaQHH ITo
OOJIbIIIeH qaCTH HX MHrpaQHSI B ropo~a npOH30IIIJIa B xo~e BTOshy
POH MHPOBOH BOHHbI H cpa3y )le nOCJIe Hee H BO MHOrOM OHa
OblJla pe3YJIbTaTOM ~eSlTeJIbHOCTH ElOpo no H~eHcKHM ~eJIaM no nepeMemeHHIO H HHTerpaQHH HH~eHQeB (1953-1972 IT)
XOTSI YCJIOBHSI )lH3HH nepeCeJIHBnmXCSI B ropo~a HH~eHQeB OCTalOTCSI Tpy~HbIMH ElOpo rrpo~OJI)IaeT nOMep)IHBaTb HHTershy
paQHIO H K KOHQY 1980-x rO~OB nOSIBHJIHCb ~aHHbIe nOKa3bIshy
BalOmHe B03MO)lHOCTb npHOOmeHHSI HH~eHQeB K rJIaBHOMY
pyCJIy aMepHKaHcKoH )lH3HH TaK K 1990 r npoQeHT nocryshy
nHBnmx B KOJIJIe~)IH nO~Im ~OCTHr ~OJIH HH~eHQeB B HaCeJIeshy
HHH97 IlOJISI Me)lpaCOBbIX opaKOB B ropo~ax TaK)Ie OblJla
BbICOKOH KaK Bcer~a HaXO~SlCb B 3aBliCHMocm OT KOHQeHTshy
paQHH HH~eHCKoro HaCeJIeHHSI B 1970 r ~OJISI HH~eHQeB
150 151
BCTYIIaBnmx B CMellIaHHbIe OPaKH ObDIa HIDKe 10 WISI gtKHshy
B~X B pe3epBaIUISIX OKOJIO 20 WISI JKHB~ B ropooax
pacrrOJIOKeHHbIX BOJlli3H pe3epBaQHH H 45-60 - B OToashy
JIeHHbIX OT HHX ropoocKHX neHTpax TaKHX KaK HbIO-HoPK
lJHKaro H JIoc-AHwKeJIec98
H Bce Ke rrJIeMeHHOe CaMOC03HaHHe HeKoTopbIX rpyrrrr
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CTOJIbKO H3-3a rrpeopaccyoKoB rro OTHOllIeHHIO K HHM H 3ashy
IIJHTHOit peaKnHH caMHX HHoeitneB CKOJIbKO H3-3a CHJIbI
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KHTKH paOCTBa H cerperanHH crrOCOOCTBOBaJIH CPOPMHPOshy
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rrapaTH3Ma qeM y JIaTHHOC a3HaTOB H HHJJettneB Ho Heshy
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HHTerpanHSI Obma rJIaBHbIM JI03ynrOM oBIDKeHHSI 3a rpaKshy
OaHCKHe rrpaBa HerpOB pa3BepHYBIlIerocSI B 1960-e rOohI
HallHHaSI C 1990-x IT 3HallHTeJIbHOe llHCJIO acpp0aMepHshy
KaHDeB BCTyrraeT B rJIaBHOe PYCJIO KH3HH CTPaHhI TIpocpecshy
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Ke TPyoa He Ohmo paBHOMepHbIM OoHaKO B rOohI oBHKeHHSI
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B 1950-e rO)VI qYTh oOJIee OoHOtt oecSITott paOOTalO~X
HerpoB HMeJIH rrpoqeccHOHaJIbHbItt CTaTYC OeJIbIX BOPOTshy
OO~OB K 1990-M rooaM oOJISI OeJIbIX BOpOT~OB cpeoH
HerpOB OOCTHrJIa 40 (cpeoH OeJIbIX - 50) B 1990 rOohI
MeoHaHHbIH rrOKa3aTeJIb rOOOBoro ooxooa OJISI HerpHTSIHcKott
cyrrpYKeCKoit napbI COCTaBJISIJI llYn MeHee 40 TbIC OOJIJIashy
POB TO eCTb npHMepHO 84 OT ooxooa oeJIott cyrrpYKeCKoit
rrapbl B 1967 rooy 3Ta rrporropnHSI COCTaBJISIJIa 60 TaKoit
rrpHpOCT BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIeH eCJlli yqeCTb qTO HerpbI JlliIlIb
HeOaBHO ObIJlli oonymeHbI K KOHKypeHDHH Ha pbmKe TPyoa B 1990 rooy MeoHaHHbltt rOAoBoit OOXOO Herpa-BbIIIycKHHKa
KOJIJIeJCgtKa COCTaBJISIJI 90 ooxooa oeJIoro BbllIycKHHKa99
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EIIJe OoHH rrpH3HaK rrepeMeH - paCTYIIJee qHCJIO HerpOB
rrOJIyqalOIIJHX BbIoopHbIe oOJIKHOCTH B pattoHax C SIBHbIM
npeOOJIaoaHHeM oeJIoro HaCeJIeHHSI OoHH Herp-KOHrpeCCMeH
3aMeTHJI rro 3TOMY rroBooy HeT HOBoro nOKOJIeHHSI HerpOBshy
rrOJlliTHKOB ecn HOBoe rrOKOJIeHHe OeJIbIX H30HpaTeJIeit100 B 1985 r rrpeOCTaBJISISI oaHHbIe 0 BaKHbIX H YCTOttqHBbIX
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apo illYMaH CKa3aJI llTO rro OoHOMY TOMY qaKTY llTO BeCbMa
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MeHIOI TaKHe peqopMbI npOllIeomHe B OCHOBHOM MHpshy
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n03oHO H eIIJe OaJIeKH OT 3aBepllIeooSI HO OHH oeMOHCTpHshy
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ooHoBpeMeHHo CKJIaohIBaeTCSI CHTYaIUISI TParHqeCKoro pa3oBOshy
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oaHcKHM rrpaBaM eIIJe B 1960-e rOObI rrpeoynpeKoaJIa 0
152 153
B03HHKHOBeHlIH W3YX HaIUrlt - 6enOH H IepHOH C 1990-x
roAoB CTaHOBHTCSI eIle SlcHee ITO CPOPMHPYIOTCSI W3e pe3KO
pa3ITHIa1OIlHeCSI KaTerOplIH HerpHTSlHCKOrO HaceneHHSI - AOshy
6HBIlIHeCSI ycnexa H OCTa1OIlHeCSI Ha ~e B 1988 r Kapn
QHHMeitcTep BhICKa3an npeAIIOnO)leHHe ITO TpeTb acpposhy
aMepHKaHCKOrO HaCeneHHSI OTHOCHTCSI K 3a)IHTOIHOH IaCTH
CpeAHerO KnaCCa C ypOBHeM AOXOAOB Bbnue cpeAHero no
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cpetHero Knacca TO eCTh no KpmmeH Mepe HMeeT pa60Ty H
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TH 113 BOChMH MHnnHOHOB IenOBeK OTHOCSlIlHXCSI K 3TOH
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nhrOThI HO H H3 HHX nonOBHHa Aa)Ie B nepHOA npOrtBeTaHHSI
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HHSI BOBneIeHhI B npeCTYJIHYIO AeSlTenhHOCTh HnH CTpatta1OT
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
University Press 1952) p 200
180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
183
56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
189
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lBYSI3b1lJHOe oopa30BaHHe npaBO Ha nOCOOHSI nOMOmb
HOBonpHObIBillBM H Tl Ho 3TO HJIJII03HH CpeAO Tex KTO
cnopHT BOKPyr npOOJIeM OOpa30BaHHSI eCTb TaKHe KTO nolshy
lep)KBBaeT coxpaHeHHe SI3bIKa TaKHe KTO CKJIOHSIeTCSI K nepeshy
xo~oA nporpaMMe ooyqeHHSI H TaKHe KTO B03pIDKaeT npOTHB
Bcero lJTO MemaeT H3yqeHHIO aHrJIHAcKoro SI3bIKa 3KOshy
HOMlllJeCKHe pa3JIH1HSI Bbl30BYT rnyooKHA nOllTa1HBalOInHA
CHJIbI paCKOJI B oOmHHe JIaTHHOcbullbullbull [KOTOpaSI 3aTeM] OYlleT
pa3leJISITbCSI Bce laJIbme H laJIbme no CBOBM BepOBaHHSIM
lJaSIHHSIM H HCTOpHlJeCKOMY npOIIIJIOMY19
()lHaKO OOJIee Bcero coxpaHeHHIO HcnaHoaMepHKaHneB
KaK ocoooA rpynnbl yrpO)KaeT gtKeJIaHHe CaMHX JIaTHHOC
Bbntm H3 reTIO H nOl1HHHTbCSI CHJIaM nJIaBHJIbHOrO KOTJIa
KaK OTMelJaeTCSI B OlHOM OTlJeTe laquolJeM oOJIbme JIaTHHoc OTlashy
JISIIOTCSI OT reTIO H npHOJIH)KaIOTCSI K ooraTbIM npnropolaM
TeM lJame OHH BCTynalOT B opaKH C laHrJIoc OTKpbIBaIOT
CaMOCTOSITeJIbHble leJIa npHoomaIOTCSI K 3aHSITHSIM cpe~ero
KJIaCca a B npnropolax H B CMemaHHbIX CeMbSIX [HCnaHcKHit]
SI3b1K YMHpaeTraquo80 B 1987 r OKOJIO lByX TpeTeA HcnaHOshy
aMepHKaHneB HblO-HopKa H JIoc-AHl)KeJIeCa 3aSIBHJIH lJTO
rJIaBHOA neJIbIO lBYSI3bIIHOrO oopa30BaHHSI lOJI)KHO ObITb
ooeCnelJeHHe Toro ITOObI HX leTH H3yIHJIH aHrJIHAcKHA
SI3b1K H He OTCTaBaJIH B mKOJIax81 COrJIaCHO HCCJIelOBashy
HHIO P3Hl KopnopemueH MeHee nOJIOBHHbI JIamHOC BTOshy
poro nOKOJIeHHSI BOOOme nOJIb3yroTCSI HCnaHCKHM SI3bIKOM B 1988 r OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI HcnaHoaMepHKaHneB KaJIHltpopshy
HHH B OCHOBHOM aMepHKaHCKHX MeKCHKaHneB 3aSIBHJIH lITO
OHH npelnOIHTalOT aHrnHAcKHA B KaIeCTBe OltpHnHaJIbHOrO
146 147
H3bIKa IIITaTa82 OOrueHaqHoHaJIbHbIH orrpoc HCrraHOaMeshy
pHKaHqeB 1989-1990 rr oOHapYlKHJI lITO rrO)laBJIHIOruee HX
OOJIbIIIHHCTBO (92) COrJIaIIIaIOTCH C TeM lITO Bce rpIDKaHe
H )KHTeJIH CllA )IOJI)KHbI H3YlIaTb aHrJIHHCKHH H3bIK TIo
orrpocy 1990 r 87 JIaTHHOC XbIOCTOHa CllHTaJIO CBOHM
)IOrrrOM H3yqaTb aHrJIHUCKHH H3bIK H OOJIbIIIHHCTBO KaK H B
KaJIHltpopHHH nOJIaraJIH lITO aHrJIHHCKHH )IOJI)KeH ObITb
OltpHqHaJIbHbIM H3bIKOM83
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rrpOBO)lHT cerrapaTHCTCKYIO JIHHHIO lIY)K)ijlO HHTerpaTHBHbIM
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rep oCy)K)IaIOrue 3aMeTHJI 0 TaKHX JIH)Iepax lITO OHH HaMHOshy
ro OOJIbilie rrpeycneJIH B HaroBopax Ha OeJIoe OOJIbIIIHHCTBO
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IIIHHCTBa JIaTHHOC OHH TeM He MeHee HCrrOJIb3YIOT B CBOHX
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qecce HHTerpaQHHH H ocooeHHO 3aMeTHble B Oe)lHbIX JIaTHshy
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nepBHlIHbIM ltpaKToPOM HHTerpaqHH TIpoqeHT CMeIIIaHHblX
opaKoB paCTeT TOJIbKO C OCJIaOJIeHHeM OCHOBHbIX npHllHH 000shy
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HMMHrpaHTCKOH norryJIHqHH O)lHH HCCJIe)lOBaTeJIb OOHapY)KHJI
ITO BO Bcex rpyrrrrax paHHeH HMMHrpaQHH H3 EBponbI KpoMe
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OlIeBH)IeH H 3)(eCb XOTH CTerreHb ero 3aBHCHT OT XapaKTepa
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CMeIIIaHHbIX opaKOB B nepBOM rrOKOJIeHHH rryspTopHKaHqeB
EOJIbiliOrO HbIO-l1opKa COCTaBHJIa B 1970 r 11 a cpe)H HX
)IeTeH - 3286 Cpe)(H MeKCHKaHCKHX aMepHKaHqeB AJIbshy
OYKepKe (iliTaT HbIO-MeKCHKO) )IOJIH CMeIIIaHHbIX OPaKOB B
1940-1955 rr COCTaBJIHJIa 13 a B 1967 r - 31 87 B 1974 r TOT )Ke rrOKa3aTeJIb B JIoc-AH)()KeJIeCe COCTaBJIHJI
34 a B CaH-AHTOHHO r)le oKpY)KaIOruee HaCeJIeHHe TOr)la
ObIJIO MeHee rocTenpHHMHhIM H r)le ObIJIO MeHbilie SKOHOMHshy
lIeCKHX B03MO)KHOCTeH )(JIH HcnaHoaMepHKaHqeB OH ObIJI
B)(Boe BbIIIIe88 O)lHO H3 oOCJIe)lOBaHHH OOHapY)KHJIO lITO
TOT )Ke IIOKa3aTeJIb )IJIH rpaltpCTBa JIoc-Au)()KeJIec Me)K)(y 1920shy
MH H 1960-MH rr Y)BOHJICH (c 20 )(040) H lITO B 1980-e IT
B KarrHltPoPHHH OOJIee rrOJIOBHHbI MeKCHKaHCKHX aMepHKaHqeB 89BCTyrraJIH B opaK BHe HCnaHOH3bIlIHOH 00ruHHbI ECJIH
OCTaBHTb B IIOKoe qHltPPbI TO HCHO H TaK lITO C POCTOM rrO)lshy
BH)KHOCTH STHOCOB oY)Iyruee JIaTHHOC H eBpeeB OKa)KeTCH
He TaKHM Y)K pa3JIHllHhIM
AMEPHKAH~bI A3HATCKOrO llPOHCXOJKIJEHmI
He CTOJIb MHOrotIHCJIeHHaH HO ObICTpO pacTyruaH 3THHshy
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KaK ltpaKTOP HapYIIIaIOruHH HHTerpaqHIO aMepHKaHcKoro oorueshy
CTBa TpeBory BbI3bIBaIOT KaK TeMIIbI HX HHTerpaqHH TaK H
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149148
KaMOO~I TaHJIaH)lQbI H T~ - eme OOJIee pe3KO pa3Jlll1lashy
IOTCSI Me~ COOOH qeM JIamHOC H no KYJIbTYPHOM) npomshy
JIoM) H no Sl3bIKaM ECTh H eme o~ HHTerpamBHbIH CPaKshyTOp HCTOPHSI H KYJIbTypa npHobIBnmx B AMepHKY a3HaTOB
OOYCJIOBHJIH HX BeCbMa CHJIbHyro TSlry K npeycneSIHHIO H )leshy
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a3HaTCKoro npOHCXO)l()leHHSI BbIOPaJlllCb H3 HHmeTbI ObICTpee
qeM JIaTHHOC B 1990 r OKOJIO 40 aMepHKaHcKHx KHshy
T~eB 25 JIeT H CTapIIIe HMeJIH He MeHee 4 KYPCOB KOJIJIeWf(a
no cpaBHeHHIO C 12 HerpOB 10 HcnaHoaMepHKaHI~eB H
22 OeJIbIx90 B 1989 r cpe~HHH oaJIJI npOBepOqHbIX pashy
OOT no MaTeMamKe B IIIKOJIaX COCTaBHJI ~JISI a3HaTOB 525
~JISI OeJIbIX - 491 H MSI HerpOB - 38691 B 1990-e rO~I B
KaJIHcpopHHHCKOM YHHBepcHTeTe (EepKJIH) cepbe3Ho pacshy
cMaTPHBaJICSI Bonpoc 00 YCTaHOBJIeHHH KBOThI ~JISI aMepHKaHshy
CKHX KHTaHQeB qTOObI OHH He ~OMHHHpOBaJIH cpe~ npHshy
HHMaeMbIX no IIIKOJIbHbIM OTMeTKaM (KOHKypC aTTeCTaTOB)
H no OTMeTKaM Ha BCTyrrHTeJIbHbIX 3K3aMeHax B 1993 r onpoc
ra3eTbI JIoc-AHWf(eJIec TaMMC nOKa3aJI qTO 83 a3HaTOB
OQeHHJIH CBOH cnOCOOHOCTH ~OOHTbCSI )leJIaeMOrO )lHJIbSl
00pa30BaHHSI H paooqero MeCTa KaK xoponme no CPaBHeshy
HHIO C 77 OeJIbIX 55 JIamHOC H 33 HerpoB92
XOTSI a3HaTbI He OeJIbIe no nOKa3aTeJISlM Me)lOOmHHshy
HbIX opaKOB OHH CXO~bI C eBpOneHCKHMH 3THHqeCKHMH rpyrrshy
naMH IlOJISI CMeIIIaHHbIX opaKOB cpe~H SlnOHCKHX HMMHrshy
paHTOB OQeHHBaJIaCb B 2-5 ~SI BToporo nOKOJIeHHSI - B
5-15 ~JISI TPeThero nOKOJIeHHSI - B 30-4593 B 1993 r
no COOOmeHHIO ~pHaJIa TaHM 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIb ~JISI aMeshy
pHKaHCKHX SlnOHQeB COCTaBHJI 65 ITO~OOHO eBpeSlM OHH
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pOCJIa Me~JIeHHee - C 10 B 1950-e rO~I ~o 18 B 1970-e
rO~I95 O~aKO B QeJIOM B 1992 r 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIb no BceM
a3HaTaM COCTaBHJI no ~aHHbIM IIlrre3HHIepa OKOJIO 5096
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pa3MbmaThCSI MeHee ObICTPO He)leJIH Y eBpOneHQeB He CTOJIbshy
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KOPEHHLIE AMEPHKAHDLI (HH11EHIugtI)
ABe nJIeMeHHbIe rpyrrIIbI B CilIA - HH~eHQbI H acppoaMeshy
pHKaHQbI - OTJIHqalOTCSI OT OCTaJIbHbIX TeM ~O OHH He npHshy
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)lH3HH Ha pO~HHe H HmymHe nepcneKTHB B HOBOM CBeTe
EeJIaSl AMepHKa CaMa C03~aJIa ~JISI HHX Tpy~OCTH Ha KOTOshy
pbIe nOCJIe~OBaJIa OOopOHHTeJIbHaSI peaKQliSl C HX CTOpOHbI
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BeK H3 KOTOPbIX OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI )lHByT BHe pe3epBaQHH ITo
OOJIbIIIeH qaCTH HX MHrpaQHSI B ropo~a npOH30IIIJIa B xo~e BTOshy
POH MHPOBOH BOHHbI H cpa3y )le nOCJIe Hee H BO MHOrOM OHa
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paQHIO H K KOHQY 1980-x rO~OB nOSIBHJIHCb ~aHHbIe nOKa3bIshy
BalOmHe B03MO)lHOCTb npHOOmeHHSI HH~eHQeB K rJIaBHOMY
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nHBnmx B KOJIJIe~)IH nO~Im ~OCTHr ~OJIH HH~eHQeB B HaCeJIeshy
HHH97 IlOJISI Me)lpaCOBbIX opaKOB B ropo~ax TaK)Ie OblJla
BbICOKOH KaK Bcer~a HaXO~SlCb B 3aBliCHMocm OT KOHQeHTshy
paQHH HH~eHCKoro HaCeJIeHHSI B 1970 r ~OJISI HH~eHQeB
150 151
BCTYIIaBnmx B CMellIaHHbIe OPaKH ObDIa HIDKe 10 WISI gtKHshy
B~X B pe3epBaIUISIX OKOJIO 20 WISI JKHB~ B ropooax
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cyrrpYKeCKoit napbI COCTaBJISIJI llYn MeHee 40 TbIC OOJIJIashy
POB TO eCTb npHMepHO 84 OT ooxooa oeJIott cyrrpYKeCKoit
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rrpHpOCT BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIeH eCJlli yqeCTb qTO HerpbI JlliIlIb
HeOaBHO ObIJlli oonymeHbI K KOHKypeHDHH Ha pbmKe TPyoa B 1990 rooy MeoHaHHbltt rOAoBoit OOXOO Herpa-BbIIIycKHHKa
KOJIJIeJCgtKa COCTaBJISIJI 90 ooxooa oeJIoro BbllIycKHHKa99
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rrOJIyqalOIIJHX BbIoopHbIe oOJIKHOCTH B pattoHax C SIBHbIM
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oaHcKHM rrpaBaM eIIJe B 1960-e rOObI rrpeoynpeKoaJIa 0
152 153
B03HHKHOBeHlIH W3YX HaIUrlt - 6enOH H IepHOH C 1990-x
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
University Press 1952) p 200
180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
183
56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
189
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146 147
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CMeIIIaHHbIX opaKOB B nepBOM rrOKOJIeHHH rryspTopHKaHqeB
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)IeTeH - 3286 Cpe)(H MeKCHKaHCKHX aMepHKaHqeB AJIbshy
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1940-1955 rr COCTaBJIHJIa 13 a B 1967 r - 31 87 B 1974 r TOT )Ke rrOKa3aTeJIb B JIoc-AH)()KeJIeCe COCTaBJIHJI
34 a B CaH-AHTOHHO r)le oKpY)KaIOruee HaCeJIeHHe TOr)la
ObIJIO MeHee rocTenpHHMHhIM H r)le ObIJIO MeHbilie SKOHOMHshy
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CTBa TpeBory BbI3bIBaIOT KaK TeMIIbI HX HHTerpaqHH TaK H
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149148
KaMOO~I TaHJIaH)lQbI H T~ - eme OOJIee pe3KO pa3Jlll1lashy
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a3HaTCKoro npOHCXO)l()leHHSI BbIOPaJlllCb H3 HHmeTbI ObICTpee
qeM JIaTHHOC B 1990 r OKOJIO 40 aMepHKaHcKHx KHshy
T~eB 25 JIeT H CTapIIIe HMeJIH He MeHee 4 KYPCOB KOJIJIeWf(a
no cpaBHeHHIO C 12 HerpOB 10 HcnaHoaMepHKaHI~eB H
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OOT no MaTeMamKe B IIIKOJIaX COCTaBHJI ~JISI a3HaTOB 525
~JISI OeJIbIX - 491 H MSI HerpOB - 38691 B 1990-e rO~I B
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H no OTMeTKaM Ha BCTyrrHTeJIbHbIX 3K3aMeHax B 1993 r onpoc
ra3eTbI JIoc-AHWf(eJIec TaMMC nOKa3aJI qTO 83 a3HaTOB
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00pa30BaHHSI H paooqero MeCTa KaK xoponme no CPaBHeshy
HHIO C 77 OeJIbIX 55 JIamHOC H 33 HerpoB92
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paHTOB OQeHHBaJIaCb B 2-5 ~SI BToporo nOKOJIeHHSI - B
5-15 ~JISI TPeThero nOKOJIeHHSI - B 30-4593 B 1993 r
no COOOmeHHIO ~pHaJIa TaHM 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIb ~JISI aMeshy
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rO~I95 O~aKO B QeJIOM B 1992 r 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIb no BceM
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KOPEHHLIE AMEPHKAHDLI (HH11EHIugtI)
ABe nJIeMeHHbIe rpyrrIIbI B CilIA - HH~eHQbI H acppoaMeshy
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)lH3HH Ha pO~HHe H HmymHe nepcneKTHB B HOBOM CBeTe
EeJIaSl AMepHKa CaMa C03~aJIa ~JISI HHX Tpy~OCTH Ha KOTOshy
pbIe nOCJIe~OBaJIa OOopOHHTeJIbHaSI peaKQliSl C HX CTOpOHbI
~eHQeB HaCqHTbmaeTCSI OKOJIO ~yx MHJIJIHOHOB qeJIOshy
BeK H3 KOTOPbIX OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI )lHByT BHe pe3epBaQHH ITo
OOJIbIIIeH qaCTH HX MHrpaQHSI B ropo~a npOH30IIIJIa B xo~e BTOshy
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paQHIO H K KOHQY 1980-x rO~OB nOSIBHJIHCb ~aHHbIe nOKa3bIshy
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nHBnmx B KOJIJIe~)IH nO~Im ~OCTHr ~OJIH HH~eHQeB B HaCeJIeshy
HHH97 IlOJISI Me)lpaCOBbIX opaKOB B ropo~ax TaK)Ie OblJla
BbICOKOH KaK Bcer~a HaXO~SlCb B 3aBliCHMocm OT KOHQeHTshy
paQHH HH~eHCKoro HaCeJIeHHSI B 1970 r ~OJISI HH~eHQeB
150 151
BCTYIIaBnmx B CMellIaHHbIe OPaKH ObDIa HIDKe 10 WISI gtKHshy
B~X B pe3epBaIUISIX OKOJIO 20 WISI JKHB~ B ropooax
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IIJHTHOit peaKnHH caMHX HHoeitneB CKOJIbKO H3-3a CHJIbI
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OaHCKHe rrpaBa HerpOB pa3BepHYBIlIerocSI B 1960-e rOohI
HallHHaSI C 1990-x IT 3HallHTeJIbHOe llHCJIO acpp0aMepHshy
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B 1950-e rO)VI qYTh oOJIee OoHOtt oecSITott paOOTalO~X
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HerpOB OOCTHrJIa 40 (cpeoH OeJIbIX - 50) B 1990 rOohI
MeoHaHHbIH rrOKa3aTeJIb rOOOBoro ooxooa OJISI HerpHTSIHcKott
cyrrpYKeCKoit napbI COCTaBJISIJI llYn MeHee 40 TbIC OOJIJIashy
POB TO eCTb npHMepHO 84 OT ooxooa oeJIott cyrrpYKeCKoit
rrapbl B 1967 rooy 3Ta rrporropnHSI COCTaBJISIJIa 60 TaKoit
rrpHpOCT BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIeH eCJlli yqeCTb qTO HerpbI JlliIlIb
HeOaBHO ObIJlli oonymeHbI K KOHKypeHDHH Ha pbmKe TPyoa B 1990 rooy MeoHaHHbltt rOAoBoit OOXOO Herpa-BbIIIycKHHKa
KOJIJIeJCgtKa COCTaBJISIJI 90 ooxooa oeJIoro BbllIycKHHKa99
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rrOJIyqalOIIJHX BbIoopHbIe oOJIKHOCTH B pattoHax C SIBHbIM
npeOOJIaoaHHeM oeJIoro HaCeJIeHHSI OoHH Herp-KOHrpeCCMeH
3aMeTHJI rro 3TOMY rroBooy HeT HOBoro nOKOJIeHHSI HerpOBshy
rrOJlliTHKOB ecn HOBoe rrOKOJIeHHe OeJIbIX H30HpaTeJIeit100 B 1985 r rrpeOCTaBJISISI oaHHbIe 0 BaKHbIX H YCTOttqHBbIX
rrepeMeHax B OTHOllIeHHSIX MeKfly qepHbIMH H OeJIbIMH H3BeCTshy
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apo illYMaH CKa3aJI llTO rro OoHOMY TOMY qaKTY llTO BeCbMa
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YBepeHHocTblO CYoHTb 0 3HaqHMOCTH rrpOHCllIeOllIHX rrepeshy
MeHIOI TaKHe peqopMbI npOllIeomHe B OCHOBHOM MHpshy
HbIM nyTeM He HMelOT npeneoeHTa B HCTOpHH OOIIJeCTB C oHCshy
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n03oHO H eIIJe OaJIeKH OT 3aBepllIeooSI HO OHH oeMOHCTpHshy
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ooHoBpeMeHHo CKJIaohIBaeTCSI CHTYaIUISI TParHqeCKoro pa3oBOshy
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YJIyqnrnJIa CBoe rrOJIOKeHHe H BCTyrrHJIa B PSIohI cpeoHero KJIaCshy
ca TO opyraSI 3HallHTeJIbHaSI ero rpyrrrra eIIJe rJIYOKe rrorpY3Hshy
JIaCb B xaoc H Oe3HaoeKHOCTb KOMHCCHSI KepHepa rro rpaKshy
oaHcKHM rrpaBaM eIIJe B 1960-e rOObI rrpeoynpeKoaJIa 0
152 153
B03HHKHOBeHlIH W3YX HaIUrlt - 6enOH H IepHOH C 1990-x
roAoB CTaHOBHTCSI eIle SlcHee ITO CPOPMHPYIOTCSI W3e pe3KO
pa3ITHIa1OIlHeCSI KaTerOplIH HerpHTSlHCKOrO HaceneHHSI - AOshy
6HBIlIHeCSI ycnexa H OCTa1OIlHeCSI Ha ~e B 1988 r Kapn
QHHMeitcTep BhICKa3an npeAIIOnO)leHHe ITO TpeTb acpposhy
aMepHKaHCKOrO HaCeneHHSI OTHOCHTCSI K 3a)IHTOIHOH IaCTH
CpeAHerO KnaCCa C ypOBHeM AOXOAOB Bbnue cpeAHero no
CTpaHe a APyraSl TpeTh BXOtHT B COCTaB HH3illeit npocnoiiKH
cpetHero Knacca TO eCTh no KpmmeH Mepe HMeeT pa60Ty H
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rny60Ko yBSl3 B )lGI3HH reTTO H He MO)leT BbI6paThCSI H3 6etHocshy
TH 113 BOChMH MHnnHOHOB IenOBeK OTHOCSlIlHXCSI K 3TOH
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nhrOThI HO H H3 HHX nonOBHHa Aa)Ie B nepHOA npOrtBeTaHHSI
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HHSI BOBneIeHhI B npeCTYJIHYIO AeSlTenhHOCTh HnH CTpatta1OT
OT Hee OCTanhHbIe TpH IeTBePTH - B OCHOBHOM Hepa60Ta1Oshy
IlHe MaTepH-OtHHOllKH H HX AeTH 102
Pa3phm Me~ HerpaMH HMelOIlHMH BhICOKHe H HH3KHe
AOXOAhI CTaHOBHTCSI 60nee pe3KHM IeM cpeAH 6enhIx103
Y)Ie B 1969 r OTMeIaSI AOCTHrH)ThIH nporpecc OtHH H3 coshy
TpytHHKOB ElOpO nepellHCH OTMeTHn ITO YX)AllieHHe 06CTashy
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ycneBllIHx ceMett H3 TpYIl06 TaM OCTaHYTCSI BAOBbI nOKHHYshy
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BaHHSI - TO eCTh Te KTO MeHee Bcex cnoc06eH CnpaBHThCSI
CO CBOHMH COQHaHbHO-3KOH0MH1eCKHMH np06neMaMH
C Tex nop nOnO)leHHe YXYAillHnOCb eIle 60nbille B 1960-e rOAbI HMeHHO B TO BpeMSl KOf(a HaIanCSI 3HaIHTenhshy
HhIH POCT HerpHTSlHCKoro cpe~ero Knacca HaIHHaeT PY_
IlIHThCSI ceMeHHaSI CTpYKTypa acppOaMepHKaHCKOrO Haceneshy
HHSI B 1950 r 78 HerpHTSlHCKHX AOMox03mcTB HMenH B
CBoeM COCTaBe cynp~ecKjIO napy ITO 6hInO 6nH3KO K coshy
oTBeTCTBjIOIleMY nOKa3aTemo AHSI 6enoro HaceneHHSl (88)
B 1990 r nHillb 48 HerpHTSlHcKHX AOMox03mCTB BKmQIanH
TaKYIO napy (y 6enhIX - 83 )105 [(onSl HerpHTSlHCKHX
tteTeH POAHBIlIHXCSI B HenonHbIX CeMhSlX B03rnSleMhIX Mashy
TephlO-OAHHOIKoit nOBbICHnaCb C 23 B 1960 r AO 62
K KOHQY 1980-x rOAoB106 HeCOMHeHHO ITO CYIleCTByeT
B3aHM03aBHCHMOCTh Me~ ceMeHHOH CTPYKTypOH H YPOBshy
HeM 06pa30BaHHSI H AOXOAOB pOtHTenett B 1988 r 60nhillHHshy
CTBO (56) HenOnHbIX ceMeH )IHnH B 6etHocTH B TO BpeMSl KaK
cpetH cynPY)IeCKHX nap C AeThMH 3TOT nOKa3aTenh COCTaBnSIn
Bcero 125107
Ha CaMOM Aene OtHaKO BHe6paIHaSI pO)ltaeMOCTh Y Hershy
PHTSlHcKoro HaceneHHSI paCTeT He TaK 6hICTPO KaK MO)leT
nOKa3aTbCSI no npHBeAeHHhIM Bbnue AaHHhIM KpHCToqep
[()IeHKc nOACIHTan ITO ecnH 6bI 3aM~e HerpHTSlHCKHe
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TO AOnSl HerpHTSlHCKHX MnatteHQeB P0tHBllIHXCSI Y He3~shy
HHX MaTepeH BbIpocna 6bI 3a 3TH rOAM nHillb C 23 AO 29
[(eno B TOM ITO 3a 3TOT nepHOA ypOBeHh pO)ltaeMOCTH cpetH
cynp~ecKHX HerpHTSlHCKHX nap pe3KO CHH3HncSI ITO TaK)Ie
OTpa)laeTCSI Ha COOTHomeHHH Me~ 3aKOHHbIMH H Heshy
3aKOHHhIMH AeThMH 108
lJyBCTBO 6e3hICXO~OCTH npHCYIlee 6eAHhIM acppoaMeshy
pHKaHQaM HeCOMHeHHO nOttpbmaeT Y HHX TSIry K npeycneSlshy
HHID H CTpeMneHHe K HHTerpaQHH TIo AaHHbIM AOKnaAa
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
University Press 1952) p 200
180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
183
56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
189
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145
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AHrmm KaK mICaJI JhHCHHr JIaMOHT 0 OOJIee lJeM MlIJIJIHOHe
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aMepHKaHCKOA rp~I HX JIHI(epbI MelITaJIH 0 eme o~oA
laquoHoBoA ltIgtpaHIUIHraquo - KBeoeKe OObewmmnneMCSI C HOBoA AHrshy
JIHeA nol 3HaMeHeM KaTOJIHnH3Ma 3TO ObIJIa HJIJII03HSI bullbullbull
AMepHKaHcKHit nJIaBHJIbHbrn KOTeJI paCTOmIJI laquoltpPaHny3CKHit
lIyXraquo BbIXOLUJeB H3 KBeoeKa ltIgtPaHnY3cKHit CTaJI YMHpaIOmHM
SI3bIKOM CTapmerO nOKOJIeHHSI76 reorpaltpHlJeCKruJ OJIH30CTb K
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OKOJIO TpeTH
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COTpeTCSI CTOJIb OblCTPO H nOlOOHbIM )Ke oopa30M OlHaKO
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K lOopy HJIH K xylIy paHbme HJIH n03)Ke OHH npeBpaTSlTCSI B
roBoPsmHX nO-aHrJIHAcKH H HHTerpHpYJOTCSI B rJIaBHOe PYCJIO
aMepHKaHCKoA )KH3HH ECJIH OHH XOTSIT lOOHTbCSI ycnexa B
OOmeCTBe BblCOKHX TeXHOJIornA OHH lOJI)KHbI xopomo 3HaTb
aHrJIHACKHA SI3bIK H onpocbI nOKa3bmaIOT lITO OOJIbillHHCTBO
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HcnaHOSI3b1lJHbIM rpynnaM COnHaJIbHO-3KOHOMHIeCKOe
nOJIO)KeHHe KOTOPbIX BeCbMa Pa3JIHlJRO B 1990 roly 19 KYOHHneB 25 JIeT H CTapme HMeJIH IeTbrpe H OOJIee JIeT ooyshy
lJeHHSI B KOJIJIel)Ke no CpaBHeHHIO C 10 nY3PTopHKaHneB
H 6 MeKCHKaHneB MeAOaHHblA nOKa3aTeJIb rOlOBoro lOxola
lJISI KyoHHneB COCTaBJISIJI 31 TbIC lOJIJIapOB no CpaBHeHHIO C
23 H 18 TbIC lJISI MeKCHKaHneB B IIY3pTOpHKaHneB COOTBeTCTshy
BeHHo78bull Pa3YMeeTcSI MHorBe B3 KyOBHneB 3Ml1rpBpOBaJIB
KaK Oe)KeHnbI npBHalJIe)KaIIJHe K cpe~eMY KJIaccy B He noshy
XO)KBe Ha OOH~aBillBX B CpaBHBTeJIbHO MaJIO oOpa30BaHHbIX
MeKCHKaHneB B IIY3PTOpHKaHneB nOOTOMY 3pJI IIIoppHC OTshy
MelJaeT HeKOTOpbIe nOJIHmIeCKHe JIHI(epbI lOKa3bmaIOT lITO
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xo~oA nporpaMMe ooyqeHHSI H TaKHe KTO B03pIDKaeT npOTHB
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CHJIbI paCKOJI B oOmHHe JIaTHHOcbullbullbull [KOTOpaSI 3aTeM] OYlleT
pa3leJISITbCSI Bce laJIbme H laJIbme no CBOBM BepOBaHHSIM
lJaSIHHSIM H HCTOpHlJeCKOMY npOIIIJIOMY19
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Bbntm H3 reTIO H nOl1HHHTbCSI CHJIaM nJIaBHJIbHOrO KOTJIa
KaK OTMelJaeTCSI B OlHOM OTlJeTe laquolJeM oOJIbme JIaTHHoc OTlashy
JISIIOTCSI OT reTIO H npHOJIH)KaIOTCSI K ooraTbIM npnropolaM
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CaMOCTOSITeJIbHble leJIa npHoomaIOTCSI K 3aHSITHSIM cpe~ero
KJIaCca a B npnropolax H B CMemaHHbIX CeMbSIX [HCnaHcKHit]
SI3b1K YMHpaeTraquo80 B 1987 r OKOJIO lByX TpeTeA HcnaHOshy
aMepHKaHneB HblO-HopKa H JIoc-AHl)KeJIeCa 3aSIBHJIH lJTO
rJIaBHOA neJIbIO lBYSI3bIIHOrO oopa30BaHHSI lOJI)KHO ObITb
ooeCnelJeHHe Toro ITOObI HX leTH H3yIHJIH aHrJIHAcKHA
SI3b1K H He OTCTaBaJIH B mKOJIax81 COrJIaCHO HCCJIelOBashy
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poro nOKOJIeHHSI BOOOme nOJIb3yroTCSI HCnaHCKHM SI3bIKOM B 1988 r OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI HcnaHoaMepHKaHneB KaJIHltpopshy
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OHH npelnOIHTalOT aHrnHAcKHA B KaIeCTBe OltpHnHaJIbHOrO
146 147
H3bIKa IIITaTa82 OOrueHaqHoHaJIbHbIH orrpoc HCrraHOaMeshy
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orrpocy 1990 r 87 JIaTHHOC XbIOCTOHa CllHTaJIO CBOHM
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1940-1955 rr COCTaBJIHJIa 13 a B 1967 r - 31 87 B 1974 r TOT )Ke rrOKa3aTeJIb B JIoc-AH)()KeJIeCe COCTaBJIHJI
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149148
KaMOO~I TaHJIaH)lQbI H T~ - eme OOJIee pe3KO pa3Jlll1lashy
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150 151
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152 153
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
University Press 1952) p 200
180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
183
56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
189
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144
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145
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laquoHoBoA ltIgtpaHIUIHraquo - KBeoeKe OObewmmnneMCSI C HOBoA AHrshy
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146 147
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a3HaTaM COCTaBHJI no ~aHHbIM IIlrre3HHIepa OKOJIO 5096
A3HaTCKHe 3THHqeCKHe qepTbI H caMOC03HaHHe OY~T
pa3MbmaThCSI MeHee ObICTPO He)leJIH Y eBpOneHQeB He CTOJIbshy
KO BCJIe~CTBHe CTpeMJIeHHSI rpynnbI K caMocoxpaHeHHIO
CKOJIbKO BCJIe~CTBHe MOmH BeKOBbIX KYJIbTYPHbIX H OOmHHshy
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ceMeHHbIMH H Tpy~OBbIMH QeHHOCTSlMH OOJIbIIIHHCTBa a3Hshy
aTOB H OCHOBHOH MaCCbI aMepHKaHQeB
KOPEHHLIE AMEPHKAHDLI (HH11EHIugtI)
ABe nJIeMeHHbIe rpyrrIIbI B CilIA - HH~eHQbI H acppoaMeshy
pHKaHQbI - OTJIHqalOTCSI OT OCTaJIbHbIX TeM ~O OHH He npHshy
ObIJIH clO~a KaK HMMHrpaHTbI oerymHe OT TSI)IeJIbIX YCJIOBHH
)lH3HH Ha pO~HHe H HmymHe nepcneKTHB B HOBOM CBeTe
EeJIaSl AMepHKa CaMa C03~aJIa ~JISI HHX Tpy~OCTH Ha KOTOshy
pbIe nOCJIe~OBaJIa OOopOHHTeJIbHaSI peaKQliSl C HX CTOpOHbI
~eHQeB HaCqHTbmaeTCSI OKOJIO ~yx MHJIJIHOHOB qeJIOshy
BeK H3 KOTOPbIX OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI )lHByT BHe pe3epBaQHH ITo
OOJIbIIIeH qaCTH HX MHrpaQHSI B ropo~a npOH30IIIJIa B xo~e BTOshy
POH MHPOBOH BOHHbI H cpa3y )le nOCJIe Hee H BO MHOrOM OHa
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paQHIO H K KOHQY 1980-x rO~OB nOSIBHJIHCb ~aHHbIe nOKa3bIshy
BalOmHe B03MO)lHOCTb npHOOmeHHSI HH~eHQeB K rJIaBHOMY
pyCJIy aMepHKaHcKoH )lH3HH TaK K 1990 r npoQeHT nocryshy
nHBnmx B KOJIJIe~)IH nO~Im ~OCTHr ~OJIH HH~eHQeB B HaCeJIeshy
HHH97 IlOJISI Me)lpaCOBbIX opaKOB B ropo~ax TaK)Ie OblJla
BbICOKOH KaK Bcer~a HaXO~SlCb B 3aBliCHMocm OT KOHQeHTshy
paQHH HH~eHCKoro HaCeJIeHHSI B 1970 r ~OJISI HH~eHQeB
150 151
BCTYIIaBnmx B CMellIaHHbIe OPaKH ObDIa HIDKe 10 WISI gtKHshy
B~X B pe3epBaIUISIX OKOJIO 20 WISI JKHB~ B ropooax
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JIeHHbIX OT HHX ropoocKHX neHTpax TaKHX KaK HbIO-HoPK
lJHKaro H JIoc-AHwKeJIec98
H Bce Ke rrJIeMeHHOe CaMOC03HaHHe HeKoTopbIX rpyrrrr
HHoeitneB B 0003PHMOM oyoymeM COXpaHHTCSI rrpHqeM He
CTOJIbKO H3-3a rrpeopaccyoKoB rro OTHOllIeHHIO K HHM H 3ashy
IIJHTHOit peaKnHH caMHX HHoeitneB CKOJIbKO H3-3a CHJIbI
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pHKaHDbI PaCH3M KYJIbTypHble H HHCTHTYDHOHaJIbHbIe rrepeshy
KHTKH paOCTBa H cerperanHH crrOCOOCTBOBaJIH CPOPMHPOshy
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rrapaTH3Ma qeM y JIaTHHOC a3HaTOB H HHJJettneB Ho Heshy
CMOTpSI Ha KeCToKoe OOpaIIJeHHe KOTOPOMY 000 rrOoBeprashy
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HOit aMepHKaHcKott rpyrrnoit rro OpHeHTanHH Ha OOCTHKeHHSI
OCHOBHOtt neJIbIO OOPbObI Obmo BCTyIIJIeHHe B rJIaBHOe PYCJIO
aMepHKaHcKoit KH3HH B KaqeCTBe paBHbIX rrapTHepOB
HHTerpanHSI Obma rJIaBHbIM JI03ynrOM oBIDKeHHSI 3a rpaKshy
OaHCKHe rrpaBa HerpOB pa3BepHYBIlIerocSI B 1960-e rOohI
HallHHaSI C 1990-x IT 3HallHTeJIbHOe llHCJIO acpp0aMepHshy
KaHDeB BCTyrraeT B rJIaBHOe PYCJIO KH3HH CTPaHhI TIpocpecshy
CHOHaJIbHaSI MOOHJIbHOCTb COnHaJIbHO YIIJeMJIeHHbIX rpyrrrr
OOIIJeCTBa OObIIHO 3aBHCHT OT pa3BHTHSI 3KOHOMHKH OTllacshy
TH rro 3TOtt rrpHqnne YJIyqIlIeHHe nOJIOKeHHSI HerpOB Ha PbIHshy
Ke TPyoa He Ohmo paBHOMepHbIM OoHaKO B rOohI oBHKeHHSI
3a rpaKflaHCKHe rrpaBa rrporpecc Obm BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIbHbIM
B 1950-e rO)VI qYTh oOJIee OoHOtt oecSITott paOOTalO~X
HerpoB HMeJIH rrpoqeccHOHaJIbHbItt CTaTYC OeJIbIX BOPOTshy
OO~OB K 1990-M rooaM oOJISI OeJIbIX BOpOT~OB cpeoH
HerpOB OOCTHrJIa 40 (cpeoH OeJIbIX - 50) B 1990 rOohI
MeoHaHHbIH rrOKa3aTeJIb rOOOBoro ooxooa OJISI HerpHTSIHcKott
cyrrpYKeCKoit napbI COCTaBJISIJI llYn MeHee 40 TbIC OOJIJIashy
POB TO eCTb npHMepHO 84 OT ooxooa oeJIott cyrrpYKeCKoit
rrapbl B 1967 rooy 3Ta rrporropnHSI COCTaBJISIJIa 60 TaKoit
rrpHpOCT BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIeH eCJlli yqeCTb qTO HerpbI JlliIlIb
HeOaBHO ObIJlli oonymeHbI K KOHKypeHDHH Ha pbmKe TPyoa B 1990 rooy MeoHaHHbltt rOAoBoit OOXOO Herpa-BbIIIycKHHKa
KOJIJIeJCgtKa COCTaBJISIJI 90 ooxooa oeJIoro BbllIycKHHKa99
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EIIJe OoHH rrpH3HaK rrepeMeH - paCTYIIJee qHCJIO HerpOB
rrOJIyqalOIIJHX BbIoopHbIe oOJIKHOCTH B pattoHax C SIBHbIM
npeOOJIaoaHHeM oeJIoro HaCeJIeHHSI OoHH Herp-KOHrpeCCMeH
3aMeTHJI rro 3TOMY rroBooy HeT HOBoro nOKOJIeHHSI HerpOBshy
rrOJlliTHKOB ecn HOBoe rrOKOJIeHHe OeJIbIX H30HpaTeJIeit100 B 1985 r rrpeOCTaBJISISI oaHHbIe 0 BaKHbIX H YCTOttqHBbIX
rrepeMeHax B OTHOllIeHHSIX MeKfly qepHbIMH H OeJIbIMH H3BeCTshy
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apo illYMaH CKa3aJI llTO rro OoHOMY TOMY qaKTY llTO BeCbMa
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COCTOSIHHe MeKpaCOBbIX OTHOllIeHHtt B 1940-e roohI MOKRO C
YBepeHHocTblO CYoHTb 0 3HaqHMOCTH rrpOHCllIeOllIHX rrepeshy
MeHIOI TaKHe peqopMbI npOllIeomHe B OCHOBHOM MHpshy
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n03oHO H eIIJe OaJIeKH OT 3aBepllIeooSI HO OHH oeMOHCTpHshy
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ooHoBpeMeHHo CKJIaohIBaeTCSI CHTYaIUISI TParHqeCKoro pa3oBOshy
eHHSI ECJlli HeMaJIaSI qaCTb aqpoaMepHKaHcKoro HaCeJIeHHSI
YJIyqnrnJIa CBoe rrOJIOKeHHe H BCTyrrHJIa B PSIohI cpeoHero KJIaCshy
ca TO opyraSI 3HallHTeJIbHaSI ero rpyrrrra eIIJe rJIYOKe rrorpY3Hshy
JIaCb B xaoc H Oe3HaoeKHOCTb KOMHCCHSI KepHepa rro rpaKshy
oaHcKHM rrpaBaM eIIJe B 1960-e rOObI rrpeoynpeKoaJIa 0
152 153
B03HHKHOBeHlIH W3YX HaIUrlt - 6enOH H IepHOH C 1990-x
roAoB CTaHOBHTCSI eIle SlcHee ITO CPOPMHPYIOTCSI W3e pe3KO
pa3ITHIa1OIlHeCSI KaTerOplIH HerpHTSlHCKOrO HaceneHHSI - AOshy
6HBIlIHeCSI ycnexa H OCTa1OIlHeCSI Ha ~e B 1988 r Kapn
QHHMeitcTep BhICKa3an npeAIIOnO)leHHe ITO TpeTb acpposhy
aMepHKaHCKOrO HaCeneHHSI OTHOCHTCSI K 3a)IHTOIHOH IaCTH
CpeAHerO KnaCCa C ypOBHeM AOXOAOB Bbnue cpeAHero no
CTpaHe a APyraSl TpeTh BXOtHT B COCTaB HH3illeit npocnoiiKH
cpetHero Knacca TO eCTh no KpmmeH Mepe HMeeT pa60Ty H
C06CTBeHHOe )lGInhe OtHaKO eCTh eIle o~a TpeTh - Te KTO
rny60Ko yBSl3 B )lGI3HH reTTO H He MO)leT BbI6paThCSI H3 6etHocshy
TH 113 BOChMH MHnnHOHOB IenOBeK OTHOCSlIlHXCSI K 3TOH
HH)IHeit TpeTH 60nbIlIHHCTBO nonYIano rOCYAapCTBeHHhIe
nhrOThI HO H H3 HHX nonOBHHa Aa)Ie B nepHOA npOrtBeTaHHSI
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HHSI BOBneIeHhI B npeCTYJIHYIO AeSlTenhHOCTh HnH CTpatta1OT
OT Hee OCTanhHbIe TpH IeTBePTH - B OCHOBHOM Hepa60Ta1Oshy
IlHe MaTepH-OtHHOllKH H HX AeTH 102
Pa3phm Me~ HerpaMH HMelOIlHMH BhICOKHe H HH3KHe
AOXOAhI CTaHOBHTCSI 60nee pe3KHM IeM cpeAH 6enhIx103
Y)Ie B 1969 r OTMeIaSI AOCTHrH)ThIH nporpecc OtHH H3 coshy
TpytHHKOB ElOpO nepellHCH OTMeTHn ITO YX)AllieHHe 06CTashy
HOBKH B reTTO MO)leT OTpa3HThCSI Ha MHrpaQlIH 60nee npeshy
ycneBllIHx ceMett H3 TpYIl06 TaM OCTaHYTCSI BAOBbI nOKHHYshy
ThIe )leHhI H AeTH CTapHKH H nHQa C HH3KHM ypOBHeM 06pa30shy
BaHHSI - TO eCTh Te KTO MeHee Bcex cnoc06eH CnpaBHThCSI
CO CBOHMH COQHaHbHO-3KOH0MH1eCKHMH np06neMaMH
C Tex nop nOnO)leHHe YXYAillHnOCb eIle 60nbille B 1960-e rOAbI HMeHHO B TO BpeMSl KOf(a HaIanCSI 3HaIHTenhshy
HhIH POCT HerpHTSlHCKoro cpe~ero Knacca HaIHHaeT PY_
IlIHThCSI ceMeHHaSI CTpYKTypa acppOaMepHKaHCKOrO Haceneshy
HHSI B 1950 r 78 HerpHTSlHCKHX AOMox03mcTB HMenH B
CBoeM COCTaBe cynp~ecKjIO napy ITO 6hInO 6nH3KO K coshy
oTBeTCTBjIOIleMY nOKa3aTemo AHSI 6enoro HaceneHHSl (88)
B 1990 r nHillb 48 HerpHTSlHcKHX AOMox03mCTB BKmQIanH
TaKYIO napy (y 6enhIX - 83 )105 [(onSl HerpHTSlHCKHX
tteTeH POAHBIlIHXCSI B HenonHbIX CeMhSlX B03rnSleMhIX Mashy
TephlO-OAHHOIKoit nOBbICHnaCb C 23 B 1960 r AO 62
K KOHQY 1980-x rOAoB106 HeCOMHeHHO ITO CYIleCTByeT
B3aHM03aBHCHMOCTh Me~ ceMeHHOH CTPYKTypOH H YPOBshy
HeM 06pa30BaHHSI H AOXOAOB pOtHTenett B 1988 r 60nhillHHshy
CTBO (56) HenOnHbIX ceMeH )IHnH B 6etHocTH B TO BpeMSl KaK
cpetH cynPY)IeCKHX nap C AeThMH 3TOT nOKa3aTenh COCTaBnSIn
Bcero 125107
Ha CaMOM Aene OtHaKO BHe6paIHaSI pO)ltaeMOCTh Y Hershy
PHTSlHcKoro HaceneHHSI paCTeT He TaK 6hICTPO KaK MO)leT
nOKa3aTbCSI no npHBeAeHHhIM Bbnue AaHHhIM KpHCToqep
[()IeHKc nOACIHTan ITO ecnH 6bI 3aM~e HerpHTSlHCKHe
)leHIlHHhI pOtHnH B 1987 r CTOnhKO)le AeTeH ITO H B 1960 r
TO AOnSl HerpHTSlHCKHX MnatteHQeB P0tHBllIHXCSI Y He3~shy
HHX MaTepeH BbIpocna 6bI 3a 3TH rOAM nHillb C 23 AO 29
[(eno B TOM ITO 3a 3TOT nepHOA ypOBeHh pO)ltaeMOCTH cpetH
cynp~ecKHX HerpHTSlHCKHX nap pe3KO CHH3HncSI ITO TaK)Ie
OTpa)laeTCSI Ha COOTHomeHHH Me~ 3aKOHHbIMH H Heshy
3aKOHHhIMH AeThMH 108
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pHKaHQaM HeCOMHeHHO nOttpbmaeT Y HHX TSIry K npeycneSlshy
HHID H CTpeMneHHe K HHTerpaQHH TIo AaHHbIM AOKnaAa
ony6nHKOBaHHOrO B 1986 r HaQHOHanhHbIM 6lOpO 3KOHOMHshy
IeCKHX HccneAOBaHHH noITH TpeTb HerpoB-MYlKIHH lKHByshy
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n03HYMe HaQHOHanhHOH AKaAeMHH HaYK OTMeIanOCh ITO B
1970-e rOtbI HaIanH pe3Ko pacxotHThCSI ycnoBHSI Ha nonIOcax
HerpHTSlHcKott 06IlHHbI K HaIany 1980-x rOAOB HerphIshy
~bI B B03paCTe OT 25 AO 34 neT HMelOIlHe 06pa30BaHHe
Bhone cpetHeH llIKOnhI 3apa6aThmanH 80-85 OT YPOBHSI 3ashy
pa60TKOB cooTBeTCTBYIOIleH KaTeropllH 6enoro HaceneHHSI
3TH MY)IIHHbI-HerphI npeACTaBnSInH BepXH1010 TpeTh cBoeH
B03paCTHott rpynDhI HH)IHIOID IeTBepn 3TOtt )le rpynllbI coshy
154 155
CTaBmlJlH Te KTO He OKOHqHJI cpe~HlOlO IIIKOJIY H He Mor
KOHKYPHpOBaTb Ha pbIHKe TPy~a B YCJIOBHHX 3KOHOMH~IeCKoro
yrraI(Ka 1970-x rO~OB Bce 60JIbIIIe TaKHX MOJIO~IX HerpOB BO-
06me BbI6bIBalOT H3 COCTaBa 3KOHOMHqeCKH aKTHBHOrO Hashy
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BBepx rro 06meCTBeHHOH JIeCTHHQe H 3TOT rrpoQecc rrposhy
HCXO~JI HerrpepbIBHO 3a HCKJIIOqeHHeM rrepHO~OB 3KOHOMHshy
qeCKOrO crrMa MO)KHO C~TaTb qTO rrpH 6JIarOrrpHHTHbIX 3KOshy
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JIIOQHOHHpOBaTb rro~06HO ~pymM MeHbrrrnHCTBaM COQHaJIbHaH
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BbIX rrpHrOpO~bIX paHOHOB B KOTOPbIX )KHBYT 60JIee 3a)KHshy
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AaHHble 0 CMeIIIaHHbIX 6paKax TaK)Ke oTPa)KalOT 3TY crreshy
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MHomx acentPOaMepHKaHQeB B 06JIacTH 06pa30BaHHH H B 3KOshy
Ho~ecKoH HHTerpaQHH AHaJIH3 ~aHHbIX 1980 r rrOKa3aJI qTO
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BpeMeHH c006maeTcH 06 acentPHKaHcKHx pHTYaJIax Ha cBa~6ax
HJIH 0 QepeMoHHHx HHHQHaQHH cpe~ MOJIO~IX aMepHKaHCKHX
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HHe TepMHHa acentPoaMepHKaHeQ llHPOKO C006maeTCH 0
caMOH30JIHQHH qepHbIX cTy~eHToB B YHHBepCHTeTCKHx roshy
po~ax qaCTO pa3~aIOTCH rrpH3bIBbI K rrpOBe~eHHIO OT~eJIbHbIX
QepeMOHHH 3aBepIIIeHHH yqe6bI ~JIH HerpoB B 1993 r Harreqashy
TaHHaH B O~OH H3 ra3eT KapHKaTypa H306pa)KaJIa BOHHCTshy
BYIOIIJHX HerpHTHHCKHX cTy~eHToB Tpe6YIOIIJHx OT~eJIbHbIX
centoHTa~KoB ~JIH rrHTbeBOH BO~I KOTopble TpHMaTb JIeT
Ha3~ 6bIJIH HeHaBHCTHbIM CHMBOJIOM cerperaQHH Ha aMepHshy
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laquoc~eJIaHHOrO B AMepHKeraquo KaK MbI a MapTHH JIIoTep KHHr
CKa3aJI O~~I Herp - aMepHKaHeQ 06 AcentpHKe MbI He
3HaeM HHqerol13 ABa orrpoca HerpHTHHcKoro HaCeJIeHHH
1990 H 1991 IT rrOKa3aJIH qTO 60JIbrrrnHCTBO HerpoB rrpe~oshy
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3YHrOM ~IePHaH rop~OCTb rrpe~eCTBOBaJIO ~pyrHM 3THHshy
qeCKHM ~H)KeHHHM 1960-1970-x rO~OB H B~OXHOBJIHJIO HX
Hepe~o Ha ero OCHOBe ~OCTHraJIOCb rrOJIHTHqeCKOe H 3KOHOshy
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156 157
JUllrHTeJIbHbli (H rrOJIO)fHTeJIbHbli) aTpH6YT aqpOaMepHshy
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
University Press 1952) p 200
180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
183
56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
189
Page 11
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145
AmI JIaTlIHOC aMepHKaHCKOrO IOrO-3an~a nOyqHTeJIeH
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AHrmm KaK mICaJI JhHCHHr JIaMOHT 0 OOJIee lJeM MlIJIJIHOHe
BbIXOLUJeB H3 KBeoeKa nOCeJIHBIIIHXCSI K lOry OT KaH~CKOshy
aMepHKaHCKOA rp~I HX JIHI(epbI MelITaJIH 0 eme o~oA
laquoHoBoA ltIgtpaHIUIHraquo - KBeoeKe OObewmmnneMCSI C HOBoA AHrshy
JIHeA nol 3HaMeHeM KaTOJIHnH3Ma 3TO ObIJIa HJIJII03HSI bullbullbull
AMepHKaHcKHit nJIaBHJIbHbrn KOTeJI paCTOmIJI laquoltpPaHny3CKHit
lIyXraquo BbIXOLUJeB H3 KBeoeKa ltIgtPaHnY3cKHit CTaJI YMHpaIOmHM
SI3bIKOM CTapmerO nOKOJIeHHSI76 reorpaltpHlJeCKruJ OJIH30CTb K
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B IIITaTe llilO-XeMnlIIHp lOJISI TaKOrO HaCeJIeHHSI COCTaBJISleT
OKOJIO TpeTH
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COTpeTCSI CTOJIb OblCTPO H nOlOOHbIM )Ke oopa30M OlHaKO
OIIbIT npOIIIJIoro SIBHO nOKa3bmaeT lJTO OJIH30CTb K pOlHbIM
CTpaHaM He nOMemaeT HCnaHo-aMepHKaHnaM noAm TeM )Ke
rryTeM lITO H OOJIbillHHCTBO aMepHKaHCKHX 3THH1JeCKHX rpynn
K lOopy HJIH K xylIy paHbme HJIH n03)Ke OHH npeBpaTSlTCSI B
roBoPsmHX nO-aHrJIHAcKH H HHTerpHpYJOTCSI B rJIaBHOe PYCJIO
aMepHKaHCKoA )KH3HH ECJIH OHH XOTSIT lOOHTbCSI ycnexa B
OOmeCTBe BblCOKHX TeXHOJIornA OHH lOJI)KHbI xopomo 3HaTb
aHrJIHACKHA SI3bIK H onpocbI nOKa3bmaIOT lITO OOJIbillHHCTBO
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HcnaHOSI3b1lJHbIM rpynnaM COnHaJIbHO-3KOHOMHIeCKOe
nOJIO)KeHHe KOTOPbIX BeCbMa Pa3JIHlJRO B 1990 roly 19 KYOHHneB 25 JIeT H CTapme HMeJIH IeTbrpe H OOJIee JIeT ooyshy
lJeHHSI B KOJIJIel)Ke no CpaBHeHHIO C 10 nY3PTopHKaHneB
H 6 MeKCHKaHneB MeAOaHHblA nOKa3aTeJIb rOlOBoro lOxola
lJISI KyoHHneB COCTaBJISIJI 31 TbIC lOJIJIapOB no CpaBHeHHIO C
23 H 18 TbIC lJISI MeKCHKaHneB B IIY3pTOpHKaHneB COOTBeTCTshy
BeHHo78bull Pa3YMeeTcSI MHorBe B3 KyOBHneB 3Ml1rpBpOBaJIB
KaK Oe)KeHnbI npBHalJIe)KaIIJHe K cpe~eMY KJIaccy B He noshy
XO)KBe Ha OOH~aBillBX B CpaBHBTeJIbHO MaJIO oOpa30BaHHbIX
MeKCHKaHneB B IIY3PTOpHKaHneB nOOTOMY 3pJI IIIoppHC OTshy
MelJaeT HeKOTOpbIe nOJIHmIeCKHe JIHI(epbI lOKa3bmaIOT lITO
JIaTBHOC MOfYT OObellBHHTbcn BOKPyr HeCKOJIbKHX npOOJIeM
lBYSI3b1lJHOe oopa30BaHHe npaBO Ha nOCOOHSI nOMOmb
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cnopHT BOKPyr npOOJIeM OOpa30BaHHSI eCTb TaKHe KTO nolshy
lep)KBBaeT coxpaHeHHe SI3bIKa TaKHe KTO CKJIOHSIeTCSI K nepeshy
xo~oA nporpaMMe ooyqeHHSI H TaKHe KTO B03pIDKaeT npOTHB
Bcero lJTO MemaeT H3yqeHHIO aHrJIHAcKoro SI3bIKa 3KOshy
HOMlllJeCKHe pa3JIH1HSI Bbl30BYT rnyooKHA nOllTa1HBalOInHA
CHJIbI paCKOJI B oOmHHe JIaTHHOcbullbullbull [KOTOpaSI 3aTeM] OYlleT
pa3leJISITbCSI Bce laJIbme H laJIbme no CBOBM BepOBaHHSIM
lJaSIHHSIM H HCTOpHlJeCKOMY npOIIIJIOMY19
()lHaKO OOJIee Bcero coxpaHeHHIO HcnaHoaMepHKaHneB
KaK ocoooA rpynnbl yrpO)KaeT gtKeJIaHHe CaMHX JIaTHHOC
Bbntm H3 reTIO H nOl1HHHTbCSI CHJIaM nJIaBHJIbHOrO KOTJIa
KaK OTMelJaeTCSI B OlHOM OTlJeTe laquolJeM oOJIbme JIaTHHoc OTlashy
JISIIOTCSI OT reTIO H npHOJIH)KaIOTCSI K ooraTbIM npnropolaM
TeM lJame OHH BCTynalOT B opaKH C laHrJIoc OTKpbIBaIOT
CaMOCTOSITeJIbHble leJIa npHoomaIOTCSI K 3aHSITHSIM cpe~ero
KJIaCca a B npnropolax H B CMemaHHbIX CeMbSIX [HCnaHcKHit]
SI3b1K YMHpaeTraquo80 B 1987 r OKOJIO lByX TpeTeA HcnaHOshy
aMepHKaHneB HblO-HopKa H JIoc-AHl)KeJIeCa 3aSIBHJIH lJTO
rJIaBHOA neJIbIO lBYSI3bIIHOrO oopa30BaHHSI lOJI)KHO ObITb
ooeCnelJeHHe Toro ITOObI HX leTH H3yIHJIH aHrJIHAcKHA
SI3b1K H He OTCTaBaJIH B mKOJIax81 COrJIaCHO HCCJIelOBashy
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poro nOKOJIeHHSI BOOOme nOJIb3yroTCSI HCnaHCKHM SI3bIKOM B 1988 r OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI HcnaHoaMepHKaHneB KaJIHltpopshy
HHH B OCHOBHOM aMepHKaHCKHX MeKCHKaHneB 3aSIBHJIH lITO
OHH npelnOIHTalOT aHrnHAcKHA B KaIeCTBe OltpHnHaJIbHOrO
146 147
H3bIKa IIITaTa82 OOrueHaqHoHaJIbHbIH orrpoc HCrraHOaMeshy
pHKaHqeB 1989-1990 rr oOHapYlKHJI lITO rrO)laBJIHIOruee HX
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orrpocy 1990 r 87 JIaTHHOC XbIOCTOHa CllHTaJIO CBOHM
)IOrrrOM H3yqaTb aHrJIHUCKHH H3bIK H OOJIbIIIHHCTBO KaK H B
KaJIHltpopHHH nOJIaraJIH lITO aHrJIHHCKHH )IOJI)KeH ObITb
OltpHqHaJIbHbIM H3bIKOM83
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IIIHHCTBa JIaTHHOC OHH TeM He MeHee HCrrOJIb3YIOT B CBOHX
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qecce HHTerpaQHHH H ocooeHHO 3aMeTHble B Oe)lHbIX JIaTHshy
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nepBHlIHbIM ltpaKToPOM HHTerpaqHH TIpoqeHT CMeIIIaHHblX
opaKoB paCTeT TOJIbKO C OCJIaOJIeHHeM OCHOBHbIX npHllHH 000shy
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ITO BO Bcex rpyrrrrax paHHeH HMMHrpaQHH H3 EBponbI KpoMe
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CMeIIIaHHbIX opaKOB B nepBOM rrOKOJIeHHH rryspTopHKaHqeB
EOJIbiliOrO HbIO-l1opKa COCTaBHJIa B 1970 r 11 a cpe)H HX
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OYKepKe (iliTaT HbIO-MeKCHKO) )IOJIH CMeIIIaHHbIX OPaKOB B
1940-1955 rr COCTaBJIHJIa 13 a B 1967 r - 31 87 B 1974 r TOT )Ke rrOKa3aTeJIb B JIoc-AH)()KeJIeCe COCTaBJIHJI
34 a B CaH-AHTOHHO r)le oKpY)KaIOruee HaCeJIeHHe TOr)la
ObIJIO MeHee rocTenpHHMHhIM H r)le ObIJIO MeHbilie SKOHOMHshy
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B)(Boe BbIIIIe88 O)lHO H3 oOCJIe)lOBaHHH OOHapY)KHJIO lITO
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B KarrHltPoPHHH OOJIee rrOJIOBHHbI MeKCHKaHCKHX aMepHKaHqeB 89BCTyrraJIH B opaK BHe HCnaHOH3bIlIHOH 00ruHHbI ECJIH
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BH)KHOCTH STHOCOB oY)Iyruee JIaTHHOC H eBpeeB OKa)KeTCH
He TaKHM Y)K pa3JIHllHhIM
AMEPHKAH~bI A3HATCKOrO llPOHCXOJKIJEHmI
He CTOJIb MHOrotIHCJIeHHaH HO ObICTpO pacTyruaH 3THHshy
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KaK ltpaKTOP HapYIIIaIOruHH HHTerpaqHIO aMepHKaHcKoro oorueshy
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149148
KaMOO~I TaHJIaH)lQbI H T~ - eme OOJIee pe3KO pa3Jlll1lashy
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JIoM) H no Sl3bIKaM ECTh H eme o~ HHTerpamBHbIH CPaKshyTOp HCTOPHSI H KYJIbTypa npHobIBnmx B AMepHKY a3HaTOB
OOYCJIOBHJIH HX BeCbMa CHJIbHyro TSlry K npeycneSIHHIO H )leshy
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a3HaTCKoro npOHCXO)l()leHHSI BbIOPaJlllCb H3 HHmeTbI ObICTpee
qeM JIaTHHOC B 1990 r OKOJIO 40 aMepHKaHcKHx KHshy
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no cpaBHeHHIO C 12 HerpOB 10 HcnaHoaMepHKaHI~eB H
22 OeJIbIx90 B 1989 r cpe~HHH oaJIJI npOBepOqHbIX pashy
OOT no MaTeMamKe B IIIKOJIaX COCTaBHJI ~JISI a3HaTOB 525
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cMaTPHBaJICSI Bonpoc 00 YCTaHOBJIeHHH KBOThI ~JISI aMepHKaHshy
CKHX KHTaHQeB qTOObI OHH He ~OMHHHpOBaJIH cpe~ npHshy
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H no OTMeTKaM Ha BCTyrrHTeJIbHbIX 3K3aMeHax B 1993 r onpoc
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XOTSI a3HaTbI He OeJIbIe no nOKa3aTeJISlM Me)lOOmHHshy
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naMH IlOJISI CMeIIIaHHbIX opaKOB cpe~H SlnOHCKHX HMMHrshy
paHTOB OQeHHBaJIaCb B 2-5 ~SI BToporo nOKOJIeHHSI - B
5-15 ~JISI TPeThero nOKOJIeHHSI - B 30-4593 B 1993 r
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a3HaTaM COCTaBHJI no ~aHHbIM IIlrre3HHIepa OKOJIO 5096
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BeK H3 KOTOPbIX OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI )lHByT BHe pe3epBaQHH ITo
OOJIbIIIeH qaCTH HX MHrpaQHSI B ropo~a npOH30IIIJIa B xo~e BTOshy
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OblJla pe3YJIbTaTOM ~eSlTeJIbHOCTH ElOpo no H~eHcKHM ~eJIaM no nepeMemeHHIO H HHTerpaQHH HH~eHQeB (1953-1972 IT)
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paQHH HH~eHCKoro HaCeJIeHHSI B 1970 r ~OJISI HH~eHQeB
150 151
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B 1950-e rO)VI qYTh oOJIee OoHOtt oecSITott paOOTalO~X
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rrpHpOCT BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIeH eCJlli yqeCTb qTO HerpbI JlliIlIb
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rrOJIyqalOIIJHX BbIoopHbIe oOJIKHOCTH B pattoHax C SIBHbIM
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152 153
B03HHKHOBeHlIH W3YX HaIUrlt - 6enOH H IepHOH C 1990-x
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pa3ITHIa1OIlHeCSI KaTerOplIH HerpHTSlHCKOrO HaceneHHSI - AOshy
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154 155
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
University Press 1952) p 200
180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
183
56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
189
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145
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146 147
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1940-1955 rr COCTaBJIHJIa 13 a B 1967 r - 31 87 B 1974 r TOT )Ke rrOKa3aTeJIb B JIoc-AH)()KeJIeCe COCTaBJIHJI
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ObIJIO MeHee rocTenpHHMHhIM H r)le ObIJIO MeHbilie SKOHOMHshy
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KaMOO~I TaHJIaH)lQbI H T~ - eme OOJIee pe3KO pa3Jlll1lashy
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a3HaTCKoro npOHCXO)l()leHHSI BbIOPaJlllCb H3 HHmeTbI ObICTpee
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OOT no MaTeMamKe B IIIKOJIaX COCTaBHJI ~JISI a3HaTOB 525
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H no OTMeTKaM Ha BCTyrrHTeJIbHbIX 3K3aMeHax B 1993 r onpoc
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paHTOB OQeHHBaJIaCb B 2-5 ~SI BToporo nOKOJIeHHSI - B
5-15 ~JISI TPeThero nOKOJIeHHSI - B 30-4593 B 1993 r
no COOOmeHHIO ~pHaJIa TaHM 3TOT nOKa3aTeJIb ~JISI aMeshy
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pbIe nOCJIe~OBaJIa OOopOHHTeJIbHaSI peaKQliSl C HX CTOpOHbI
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BeK H3 KOTOPbIX OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI )lHByT BHe pe3epBaQHH ITo
OOJIbIIIeH qaCTH HX MHrpaQHSI B ropo~a npOH30IIIJIa B xo~e BTOshy
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paQHIO H K KOHQY 1980-x rO~OB nOSIBHJIHCb ~aHHbIe nOKa3bIshy
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paQHH HH~eHCKoro HaCeJIeHHSI B 1970 r ~OJISI HH~eHQeB
150 151
BCTYIIaBnmx B CMellIaHHbIe OPaKH ObDIa HIDKe 10 WISI gtKHshy
B~X B pe3epBaIUISIX OKOJIO 20 WISI JKHB~ B ropooax
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B 1950-e rO)VI qYTh oOJIee OoHOtt oecSITott paOOTalO~X
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cyrrpYKeCKoit napbI COCTaBJISIJI llYn MeHee 40 TbIC OOJIJIashy
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rrpHpOCT BeCbMa 3HallHTeJIeH eCJlli yqeCTb qTO HerpbI JlliIlIb
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rrOJIyqalOIIJHX BbIoopHbIe oOJIKHOCTH B pattoHax C SIBHbIM
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apo illYMaH CKa3aJI llTO rro OoHOMY TOMY qaKTY llTO BeCbMa
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oaHcKHM rrpaBaM eIIJe B 1960-e rOObI rrpeoynpeKoaJIa 0
152 153
B03HHKHOBeHlIH W3YX HaIUrlt - 6enOH H IepHOH C 1990-x
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pa3ITHIa1OIlHeCSI KaTerOplIH HerpHTSlHCKOrO HaceneHHSI - AOshy
6HBIlIHeCSI ycnexa H OCTa1OIlHeCSI Ha ~e B 1988 r Kapn
QHHMeitcTep BhICKa3an npeAIIOnO)leHHe ITO TpeTb acpposhy
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cpetHero Knacca TO eCTh no KpmmeH Mepe HMeeT pa60Ty H
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HHSI B 1950 r 78 HerpHTSlHCKHX AOMox03mcTB HMenH B
CBoeM COCTaBe cynp~ecKjIO napy ITO 6hInO 6nH3KO K coshy
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
University Press 1952) p 200
180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
183
56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
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3HaHHe HcnaHCKoro HapH~ C aHrmCKHM B KaqeCTBe OCPH~Hshy
aHbHOrO H3bIKa B MaHaMH r~e HbIHe ~OMHHHPyIOT Ky6HHcKHe
6e)Ke~I OcpH~aHbHbIe BhmeCKH H ~OKYMeHThI ~aIOTCH H noshy
aHrnHiiCKH H nO-HCnaHCKH B 1982 r M3p MaHaMH 3aHBHn B
CBoeM ropo~e qTO npoH~eT ~eCHTh neT H 3~eCh He 6meT
3ByqaTb HH cnOBa no-aHrnHHcKH75 Ero npe~CKa3aHHe nOKa
BeCbMa ~aneKO OT ocyrnecTBneHHH
145
AmI JIaTlIHOC aMepHKaHCKOrO IOrO-3an~a nOyqHTeJIeH
OnbIT HMMlIrpaHTOB H3 KBeOeKa nOCeJIHBIIIHXCSI B HOBoA
AHrmm KaK mICaJI JhHCHHr JIaMOHT 0 OOJIee lJeM MlIJIJIHOHe
BbIXOLUJeB H3 KBeoeKa nOCeJIHBIIIHXCSI K lOry OT KaH~CKOshy
aMepHKaHCKOA rp~I HX JIHI(epbI MelITaJIH 0 eme o~oA
laquoHoBoA ltIgtpaHIUIHraquo - KBeoeKe OObewmmnneMCSI C HOBoA AHrshy
JIHeA nol 3HaMeHeM KaTOJIHnH3Ma 3TO ObIJIa HJIJII03HSI bullbullbull
AMepHKaHcKHit nJIaBHJIbHbrn KOTeJI paCTOmIJI laquoltpPaHny3CKHit
lIyXraquo BbIXOLUJeB H3 KBeoeKa ltIgtPaHnY3cKHit CTaJI YMHpaIOmHM
SI3bIKOM CTapmerO nOKOJIeHHSI76 reorpaltpHlJeCKruJ OJIH30CTb K
pOlHoA npOBHHnHH H ltpPaHKOSI3bI1JHble npHXOlCKHe IIIKOJIbI
He COXpaHHJIH COJIHlapHOCTb ltppaHKO-aMepHKaHneB lliIHe
OoJIee meCTH MlIJIJIHOHOB aMepHKaHneB rOBopgmHX nO-aHrshy
JIHACKH BellyT CBoe npOHCXOKlJeHHe H3 ltpPaHny3CKOA KaHalbI
B IIITaTe llilO-XeMnlIIHp lOJISI TaKOrO HaCeJIeHHSI COCTaBJISleT
OKOJIO TpeTH
Pa3YMeeTCSI 3THHlJeCKaSI caMOObITHOCTb JIaTHHOC He
COTpeTCSI CTOJIb OblCTPO H nOlOOHbIM )Ke oopa30M OlHaKO
OIIbIT npOIIIJIoro SIBHO nOKa3bmaeT lJTO OJIH30CTb K pOlHbIM
CTpaHaM He nOMemaeT HCnaHo-aMepHKaHnaM noAm TeM )Ke
rryTeM lITO H OOJIbillHHCTBO aMepHKaHCKHX 3THH1JeCKHX rpynn
K lOopy HJIH K xylIy paHbme HJIH n03)Ke OHH npeBpaTSlTCSI B
roBoPsmHX nO-aHrJIHAcKH H HHTerpHpYJOTCSI B rJIaBHOe PYCJIO
aMepHKaHCKoA )KH3HH ECJIH OHH XOTSIT lOOHTbCSI ycnexa B
OOmeCTBe BblCOKHX TeXHOJIornA OHH lOJI)KHbI xopomo 3HaTb
aHrJIHACKHA SI3bIK H onpocbI nOKa3bmaIOT lITO OOJIbillHHCTBO
H3 HHX C03HaIOT 3T017 KaJIHltpOPHHSI ltIgtJIopHlla H Texac He
CTaHYT aMepHKaHCKHMH KBeOeKaMll
TepMHH JIaTHHOc lJISI yloOCTBa npHMeHSIeTCSI KO BceM
HcnaHOSI3b1lJHbIM rpynnaM COnHaJIbHO-3KOHOMHIeCKOe
nOJIO)KeHHe KOTOPbIX BeCbMa Pa3JIHlJRO B 1990 roly 19 KYOHHneB 25 JIeT H CTapme HMeJIH IeTbrpe H OOJIee JIeT ooyshy
lJeHHSI B KOJIJIel)Ke no CpaBHeHHIO C 10 nY3PTopHKaHneB
H 6 MeKCHKaHneB MeAOaHHblA nOKa3aTeJIb rOlOBoro lOxola
lJISI KyoHHneB COCTaBJISIJI 31 TbIC lOJIJIapOB no CpaBHeHHIO C
23 H 18 TbIC lJISI MeKCHKaHneB B IIY3pTOpHKaHneB COOTBeTCTshy
BeHHo78bull Pa3YMeeTcSI MHorBe B3 KyOBHneB 3Ml1rpBpOBaJIB
KaK Oe)KeHnbI npBHalJIe)KaIIJHe K cpe~eMY KJIaccy B He noshy
XO)KBe Ha OOH~aBillBX B CpaBHBTeJIbHO MaJIO oOpa30BaHHbIX
MeKCHKaHneB B IIY3PTOpHKaHneB nOOTOMY 3pJI IIIoppHC OTshy
MelJaeT HeKOTOpbIe nOJIHmIeCKHe JIHI(epbI lOKa3bmaIOT lITO
JIaTBHOC MOfYT OObellBHHTbcn BOKPyr HeCKOJIbKHX npOOJIeM
lBYSI3b1lJHOe oopa30BaHHe npaBO Ha nOCOOHSI nOMOmb
HOBonpHObIBillBM H Tl Ho 3TO HJIJII03HH CpeAO Tex KTO
cnopHT BOKPyr npOOJIeM OOpa30BaHHSI eCTb TaKHe KTO nolshy
lep)KBBaeT coxpaHeHHe SI3bIKa TaKHe KTO CKJIOHSIeTCSI K nepeshy
xo~oA nporpaMMe ooyqeHHSI H TaKHe KTO B03pIDKaeT npOTHB
Bcero lJTO MemaeT H3yqeHHIO aHrJIHAcKoro SI3bIKa 3KOshy
HOMlllJeCKHe pa3JIH1HSI Bbl30BYT rnyooKHA nOllTa1HBalOInHA
CHJIbI paCKOJI B oOmHHe JIaTHHOcbullbullbull [KOTOpaSI 3aTeM] OYlleT
pa3leJISITbCSI Bce laJIbme H laJIbme no CBOBM BepOBaHHSIM
lJaSIHHSIM H HCTOpHlJeCKOMY npOIIIJIOMY19
()lHaKO OOJIee Bcero coxpaHeHHIO HcnaHoaMepHKaHneB
KaK ocoooA rpynnbl yrpO)KaeT gtKeJIaHHe CaMHX JIaTHHOC
Bbntm H3 reTIO H nOl1HHHTbCSI CHJIaM nJIaBHJIbHOrO KOTJIa
KaK OTMelJaeTCSI B OlHOM OTlJeTe laquolJeM oOJIbme JIaTHHoc OTlashy
JISIIOTCSI OT reTIO H npHOJIH)KaIOTCSI K ooraTbIM npnropolaM
TeM lJame OHH BCTynalOT B opaKH C laHrJIoc OTKpbIBaIOT
CaMOCTOSITeJIbHble leJIa npHoomaIOTCSI K 3aHSITHSIM cpe~ero
KJIaCca a B npnropolax H B CMemaHHbIX CeMbSIX [HCnaHcKHit]
SI3b1K YMHpaeTraquo80 B 1987 r OKOJIO lByX TpeTeA HcnaHOshy
aMepHKaHneB HblO-HopKa H JIoc-AHl)KeJIeCa 3aSIBHJIH lJTO
rJIaBHOA neJIbIO lBYSI3bIIHOrO oopa30BaHHSI lOJI)KHO ObITb
ooeCnelJeHHe Toro ITOObI HX leTH H3yIHJIH aHrJIHAcKHA
SI3b1K H He OTCTaBaJIH B mKOJIax81 COrJIaCHO HCCJIelOBashy
HHIO P3Hl KopnopemueH MeHee nOJIOBHHbI JIamHOC BTOshy
poro nOKOJIeHHSI BOOOme nOJIb3yroTCSI HCnaHCKHM SI3bIKOM B 1988 r OOJIee nOJIOBHHbI HcnaHoaMepHKaHneB KaJIHltpopshy
HHH B OCHOBHOM aMepHKaHCKHX MeKCHKaHneB 3aSIBHJIH lITO
OHH npelnOIHTalOT aHrnHAcKHA B KaIeCTBe OltpHnHaJIbHOrO
146 147
H3bIKa IIITaTa82 OOrueHaqHoHaJIbHbIH orrpoc HCrraHOaMeshy
pHKaHqeB 1989-1990 rr oOHapYlKHJI lITO rrO)laBJIHIOruee HX
OOJIbIIIHHCTBO (92) COrJIaIIIaIOTCH C TeM lITO Bce rpIDKaHe
H )KHTeJIH CllA )IOJI)KHbI H3YlIaTb aHrJIHHCKHH H3bIK TIo
orrpocy 1990 r 87 JIaTHHOC XbIOCTOHa CllHTaJIO CBOHM
)IOrrrOM H3yqaTb aHrJIHUCKHH H3bIK H OOJIbIIIHHCTBO KaK H B
KaJIHltpopHHH nOJIaraJIH lITO aHrJIHHCKHH )IOJI)KeH ObITb
OltpHqHaJIbHbIM H3bIKOM83
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rrpOBO)lHT cerrapaTHCTCKYIO JIHHHIO lIY)K)ijlO HHTerpaTHBHbIM
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rep oCy)K)IaIOrue 3aMeTHJI 0 TaKHX JIH)Iepax lITO OHH HaMHOshy
ro OOJIbilie rrpeycneJIH B HaroBopax Ha OeJIoe OOJIbIIIHHCTBO
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IIIHHCTBa JIaTHHOC OHH TeM He MeHee HCrrOJIb3YIOT B CBOHX
HHTepecax TPY)IHOCTH H pa30lIapOBaHHH BCTpeIaeMbIe B rrposhy
qecce HHTerpaQHHH H ocooeHHO 3aMeTHble B Oe)lHbIX JIaTHshy
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C TpeBOrOH 3a ycrrex HHTerpaQHH
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nepBHlIHbIM ltpaKToPOM HHTerpaqHH TIpoqeHT CMeIIIaHHblX
opaKoB paCTeT TOJIbKO C OCJIaOJIeHHeM OCHOBHbIX npHllHH 000shy
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HMMHrpaHTCKOH norryJIHqHH O)lHH HCCJIe)lOBaTeJIb OOHapY)KHJI
ITO BO Bcex rpyrrrrax paHHeH HMMHrpaQHH H3 EBponbI KpoMe
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CTaBJIHJIa 20 a K TpeTbeMY rrOKOJIeHHIO )(OCTHrJIa 5085
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CMeIIIaHHbIX opaKOB B nepBOM rrOKOJIeHHH rryspTopHKaHqeB
EOJIbiliOrO HbIO-l1opKa COCTaBHJIa B 1970 r 11 a cpe)H HX
)IeTeH - 3286 Cpe)(H MeKCHKaHCKHX aMepHKaHqeB AJIbshy
OYKepKe (iliTaT HbIO-MeKCHKO) )IOJIH CMeIIIaHHbIX OPaKOB B
1940-1955 rr COCTaBJIHJIa 13 a B 1967 r - 31 87 B 1974 r TOT )Ke rrOKa3aTeJIb B JIoc-AH)()KeJIeCe COCTaBJIHJI
34 a B CaH-AHTOHHO r)le oKpY)KaIOruee HaCeJIeHHe TOr)la
ObIJIO MeHee rocTenpHHMHhIM H r)le ObIJIO MeHbilie SKOHOMHshy
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B KarrHltPoPHHH OOJIee rrOJIOBHHbI MeKCHKaHCKHX aMepHKaHqeB 89BCTyrraJIH B opaK BHe HCnaHOH3bIlIHOH 00ruHHbI ECJIH
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He TaKHM Y)K pa3JIHllHhIM
AMEPHKAH~bI A3HATCKOrO llPOHCXOJKIJEHmI
He CTOJIb MHOrotIHCJIeHHaH HO ObICTpO pacTyruaH 3THHshy
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149148
KaMOO~I TaHJIaH)lQbI H T~ - eme OOJIee pe3KO pa3Jlll1lashy
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a3HaTCKoro npOHCXO)l()leHHSI BbIOPaJlllCb H3 HHmeTbI ObICTpee
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no cpaBHeHHIO C 12 HerpOB 10 HcnaHoaMepHKaHI~eB H
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H no OTMeTKaM Ha BCTyrrHTeJIbHbIX 3K3aMeHax B 1993 r onpoc
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paHTOB OQeHHBaJIaCb B 2-5 ~SI BToporo nOKOJIeHHSI - B
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paQHIO H K KOHQY 1980-x rO~OB nOSIBHJIHCb ~aHHbIe nOKa3bIshy
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150 151
BCTYIIaBnmx B CMellIaHHbIe OPaKH ObDIa HIDKe 10 WISI gtKHshy
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152 153
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1 Abraham Cahan The Rise of David Levinsky (New York Harper and Brothers 1917 Harper Torchbook edition) p 424 2 3TOT rrOAXOA rrOAPOOHee pa3nSCHseTCS B paooTe Seymour Martin Lipset Exceptionalism The Persistence of an American Doctrine (New York WW Norton rOTOBHTCS K rreqarn) 3 SM Lipset The First New Nation The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York WW Norton rev ed1979) pp 110-113 4 Ibid 5 Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 6 Todd M Endelman The Jews of Georgian England 1714-1830 Tradition and Change in a Liberal Society (Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1979) p 31 7 Jacob R Marcus The American Colonial Jew 1492-1776 (Deshytroit Wayne State University Press 1970) p 267 (rro~epKHyro
aBTopoM) CM TaKXe Jews and the American Revolution A Bicentennial Documentary American Jewish Archives 272 (November 1975) p 210 8 Mary Antin The Promised Land (Boston Houghton Mifflin 1912) p 202 9 Richard Hofstadter America at 1750 (New York Alfred A Knopf 1971) p 139 10 Stanley Feldstein The Land That I Show You (Garden City NY Doubleday-Anchor 1978) p 14 11 George Mason in Reminiscences of Newport ~ TaM xe p4 U Henry L Feingold A Midrash on American Jewish History (Albany State University of New York Press 1982) p189I1rrs CpaBHeHHS CM Arnold M Eisen The Chosen People in America A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology (Bloomington Indiana University Press 1983) pp 25-52 CM TaKXe Joseph L Blau
Judaism in America From Curiosity to Third Faith (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1976) pp7-20 13 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York Scribner 1958) pp 54-55 1
14 Max Weber Economy and Society (Berkeley University of California Press 1978) vol 1 pp 622-623 IorrOJ1IDITeJIbHO 0
CBS3H MeXAY HYAaH3MOM H nypHTaHCTBOM ocooeHHO B AMepHKe CM TaKxe Edward A Tiryakian American Religious Exceptionalism A Reconsideration The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 527 (May 1993) pp 51-52 15 CM BbIIIIerrpHBeAeHHoe npoH3BeAeHHe A TaiipHKSHa cTp 48-50 I1rrs yscHeHHs COOTHOmeHHS MeXAY npOTeCTaHTCKOH 3THKOH H cTpeMJIeHHeM eBpeeB K ycnexy CM TaKxe Fred Strodtbeck Family Interaction Values and Achievement in David C McClelland et al Talent and Society (Princeton D Van Nostrand Co 1958) 16 Hillel Levine - cooo~eHo JIH1llIO aBTopy Anita Libman Lebeson Pilgrim People (New York Minerva Press 1975) p 178 Blau Judaism in America p113 Nissan Waxman A Neglected Book (HBPHT) in Shana Beshana Yearbook of Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem 1969) pp 303-315 17 Naomi WCohen Encounter with Emancipation (Philashydelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1984) p 8 18 Leon Harris Merchant Princes (New York Harper amp Row 1979) pp 92-114 19 Cohen Encounter p20 20 Harris Merchant Princes p 263 21 Feldstein The Land p 53 22 NaphtaIi J Rubinger Albany Jewry ofthe Nineteenth Century (PhD Dissertation Yeshiva University 1970) p190 23 Francis Gregory and Irene D Neu The American Industrial Elite in the 1870s in William Miller ed Men in Business Essays in the History of Enterpreneurship (Cambridge Harvard
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180 181
24 Floyd S Fiennan Reminiscences of Emanuel Rosenwald New Mexico Historical Review 372 (1962) p 110 25 Feldstein The Land p 37 26 Rubiftger Albany Jewry p198 27 In Praise of the Jews in Morris U Schappes ed A Documentary History of Jews in the United States 1654-1875 (New York Schocken Books 1971) pp 557-558 28 IlepeAoBIDI CTaThSI B Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch (April 21 1867) Excluding Jews From Insurance in Schappes ed Documentary History p 514 29 Cohen Encounter p 24 30 Henry L Feingold Zion in America (New York Twayne 1974 ed) p 114 31 I(HT B paooTe Moses Rischin The Promised City (New York Corinth Books 1964) p 30 32 Feingold Zion p 114 33 Cohen Encounter p 29 34 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census 1960) 35 Gerald Sorin A Time for Building The Third Migration 1880shy1920 (Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press 1992) p 74 36 Howard M Sachar A History of the Jews in America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1992) p141 37 Michael Gold Jews Without Money (New York Carroll amp GrafPublishers 1985) pp159-160 1930 38 Abraham Bosnio Chicago in Charles S Bemheimer ed The Russian Jew in the United States (Philadelphia John C Winston Co 1905) p 135 39 Rischin The Promised City pp 52-54 40 Isaac M Rubinow New York in Bernheimer ed The Russian Jew p 103 41 Nathan Glazer Social Characteristics of American Jews 1654-1954 American Jewish Yearbook 1955 56 (Philashydelphia American Jewish Committee and Jewish Publication Society 1955) p 15
182
42 Rubinow New York pp106-107 43 Sachar A History of the Jews p 341 44 Rudolf Glanz Jew and Italian 1881-1924 (New York Shulsinger Bros 1971) p 67 Bruno Roselli Our Italian Immigrants Their Racial Background (New York 1927) pl13 45 Richard W Fox The Paradox of Progressive Socialism The Case of Morris Hillquit American Quarterly 26 (March 1974) p 136 46 Ibid 47 Charles E Silbennan A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) p137 48 Feingold Zion p 160 49 Arthur N Holcombe The Middle Classes in American Politics (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1940 50 Seymour Martin Lipset and Reinhard Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 2nd ed 1992) 51 Lewis Corey The Middle Class Antioch Review 5 (Spring 1945) pp 1-20 52 US Bureau of the Census Historical Statistics p 74 53 Glazer Social Characteristics p 20 54 Steven M Cohen The Dimension of American Jewish Libershyalism (New York American Jewish Committee 1989) pp 28shy29 IJeCSIThIO rOAaMH paHee 3HUPIO rpHJIH Ha OCHOBe AaHHbIX HaQHOH8JIbHOrO neHTpa no H3yqeHHIO oOIIleCTBeHHoro MHeHHSI npHIIIeJI KBbmoAY ITO eBpeH HaHOOJIee npeycneBIlIIDI rpynna aMepHKaHCKOrO oOIIleCTBa - CM Andrew M Greely Ethnicity Denomination and Inequality (Beverly Hills Sage 1976) p 39 CM TaIOKe David C McClelland Issues in the Identification of Talent in McClelland et al Talent and Society pp19-21 55 IJaHHble IlKep8JIbAa ByOHca npHBeAeHHbIe BpaooTe Barry A Kosmin The Dimensions of Contemporary American Jewish Philanthropy in Barry Kosmin and Paul Ritterband eds Conshytemporary Jewish Philanthropy in America (Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1991) p 24
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56 Barry A Kosmin and Seymour P Lachman One Nation under God Religion in Contemporary American Society (New York Harmony Books 1993) p 260 Calvin Goldscheider and Alan S Zuckerman The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1984) p 183 57 Richard D Alba and Gwen Moore Ethnicity in the American Elite American Sociological Review 47 (June 1982) p 377 Stanley Lieberson and Donna K Carter Making It in America Differences between Eminent Black and White Ethnic Groups American Sociological Review 44 (June 1979) pp 349-352 58 ()630p H cnHCOK HCTO~HKOB 0 POnH eBpeeB B HayKe H HCKYCCTBe CM B pa60Te Charles E Silberman A Certain People American Jews and Their Lives Today (New York Summit Books 1985) pp 143-156 0 eBpeHXCpe)lHshyHHTeJInHreHQHH Bblcmero YPOBHH CM Charles Kadushin The American Intellectual Elite (Boston Little Brown 1974) pp 19-32 0 eBpeHx Cpe)lH aMepHKaHCKHX Ho6eJIeBCKHX JIaypeaToB CM Harriet Zuckerman Scientific Elite Nobel Laureates in the United States (New York Free Press 1977) p 68 llaHHble 0 eBpeHX - YHHBepCHTeHCKHX npocpeccopax CM B Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carl Ladd Jewish Academics in the United States Their Achievements Culture and Politics American Jewish Yearbook 71 (1971) pp 92-93 59 HCTOlHHKH )laHHbIX CM B Lipset and Ladd Jewish Academics p 99 60 Nathan Reich The Role of the Jews in the American Economy YIVO Annual 5 (1950) pp 197-205 Nathan Glazer The American Jew and the Attainment of MiddleshyClass Rank Some Trends and Explanations in Marshall Sklare ed The Jews Social Patterns of an American Group (Glencoe IL Free Press 1958) pp 138-146 Sidney Goldstein Socioshyeconomic Differentials among Religious Groups in the United States American Journal of Sociology 74 (May 1969) pp 612shy631 Simon Kuznets Economic Structure of the Jews (Jerusalem Institute of Contemporary Jewry 1972) Marshall H Medow
Note Some Differences between the Jewish and General White Male Population in the United States Jewish Sociological Studies 43 (Winter 1981) pp 75-80 61 Lucy S Dawidowicz On Equal Terms Jews in America 1881shy1981 (New York Holt Rinehart and Winston 1982) p 51 CM TaIOKe Arthur A Goren The American Jews (Cambridge The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1982) pp 73-76 62 Coo6ruaeTcH no HeCKOJIbKHM HCTO~HKaM B pa60Te Ronald Takaki A Different Mirror A History of Multicultural America (Boston Little Brown and Company 1993) pp163-164 63 Seymour Martin Lipset Two Americas Two Value Systems Blacks and Whites Tocqueville Review 13 1 (1992) pp 159shy164 64 Marshall Sklare Observing Americas Jews (Hanover NH University Press ofNew EnglandBrandeis University Press 1993) pp 262-274 65 Ibid p 265 66 Sam Roberts Who We Are A Portrait ofAmerica Based on the Latest US Census (New York Times Books 1994) p 283 67 Richard D Alba Ethnic Identity The Transformation ofWhite America (New Haven Yale University Press 1990) p 297 68 Ibid p 299 69 Ibid p 47 70 Ibid p 15 71 Ibid p 5 72 The Numbers Game Time Magazine Fall 1993 Special Issue p 15 73 Gallup Poll July 9 11 1993 coo6ruaeTcH B San Francisco Chronicle July 23 1993 p A26 74 The Numbers Game p15 75 Tampa Tribune Nov 2 1982 76 Lansing Lamont Breakup The Coming End of Canada and the Stakes for America (New York WW Norton 1994) p 210 77 Richard Rodriguez Hunger of Memory (Boston David Godine 1982) pp 19-27 Earl Shorris Latinos A Biography of the People (New York WW Norton 1992) pp 73-74 181-183
184 185
78 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the USA 1992 (Washington DC Bureau of the Census Department of Comshymerce) p 41 79 Shorris Latinos pp 428-429 80 Ibid p 426 81 Peter Skeny Mexican Americans The Ambivalent Minority (New York Free Press 1993) p 285 82 Kevin F McCarthy and R Burciaga Valdes Report R-3365shyCR (Santa Monica Rand Corporation 1986) pp 61-62 CM TaKgtKe Skeny Mexican Americans p 285 83 Rudolfo O de la Garza Louis De Sipio F Chris Garcia John Garcia and Angelo Falcon Latino Voices Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban Perspective in American Politics (Boulder Westview 1992) p 98 JoAnn Zuniga 87 in Poll See Duty to Learn English Houston Chronicle July 12 1990 p A19 84 Arthur M Schlesinger Jr The Disuniting of America Reflecshytions on a Multicultural Society (KnOXVille Whittle Books 1991) p79 85 Paul R Spickard Mixed Blood Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America (Madison University of Wisconsin Press 1989) p 344 86 Ibid 87 Ibid 88 Skeny Mexican Americans p 68 89 Linda Chavez Out of the Barrio (New York Basic Books 1991) p 81 90 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p41 91 Louis Winnick Americas Model Minority Comshymentary92 (August 1990) p 25 92 Carla Rivera Asians Say They Fare Better than Other Minorities Los Angeles Times August 201993 p A20 93 Spickard Mixed Blood p 344 94 The Numbers Game p14 95 Spickard Mixed Blood p 345
96 Schlesinger Disuniting p 80 97 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 164 98 Spickard Mixed Blood p 348 99 CooTBeTcTBYIOIIJHe ~aHHhIe HMelOTCSl B rryonHKanHSlx The Black Population of the United States Current Population Reports Population Characteristics pp 20-464 (Washington DC US Bureau of the Census March 1991) pp 16 33 Robert Staples The Illusion of Racial Equality The Black American Dilemma Gerald Early ed Lure and Loathing (New York Penguin Press 1993) p 229 Statistical Abstract of the United States 1992 p 94 CM TaKgtKe Bart Landry The New Black Middle Class (Berkeley University of California Press 1987) 100 Paul Ruffins Interracial Coalitions Atlantic June 20 1990 p4 ConHOnOrnqeCKHe ~aHHhIe 0 B nenOM Bce oonee onarOrrpHSlTHOM OTHomeHHH KacppOaMepHKaHnaM CM B pa60re Howard Schuman Charlotte Steeh and Lawrence Bobo Racial Attitudes in America (Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 1985) 101 Schuman et aI Racial Attitudes p 202 Lipset Two Amerishycas pp 160-163 102 Carl Zinmeister Black Demographics Public Opinion 10 (JanuaryFebruary 1988) pp 41-44 103 Census Bureau Statistical Abstract p 444 104 3aSIBJIeHHe fepMaHa MHJIJIepa IWpeKTopa OTr(ena CTaTHCTHKH HaCeneHHI ElOpo rrepeIIHcH nHT B Chronicle monthly report of Urban America Inc March 1969 p 5 105 The Black Population of the United States p 7 106 Gerald D Janes and Robin M Williams eds A Common Destiny Blacks in American Society (Washington DC National Academy Press 1989) pp 279-286 107 David Ellwood and Jonathan Crane Family Change among Black Americans What Do We Know Journal of Economic Perspectives 4 (Fall 1990) p 70 108 Christopher Jencks Is the American Underc1ass Growing in Christopher Jencks and Paul E Peterson eds The Urban
186 187
Underc1ass (Washington DC The Brookings Institution 1991) pp86-89 109 Zinmeister Black Demographics p 4I 110 Janes and Williams Common Destiny p 275 111 Douglas S Massey and Nancy A Denton American Apartshyheid Segregation and the Making of the Underc1ass (Cambridge Harvard University Press 1993) pp 67 85-87 112 Alba Ethnic Identity p 13 113 Schlesinger The Disuniting p 46 114 Ibid p 88 115 Lipset Two Americas p 159 116 Jerry Seper Leader Urges Black Exodus Washington Times February 28 1990 p AI 117 Louis Farrakhan The Black Man An Endangered Species Final Call May 9 1988 118 06IIij1O o~eHKY COOTBeTCTByromero acpcpeKTa CM B pa60Te SN Eisenstadt The Incorporation of the Jews in the United States B ero KHHre Jewish Civilization The Jewish Historical Experience in Comparative Perspective (Albany State University of New York Press 1992) pp119-139 119 Survey conducted for the American Jewish Committee by Market Facts September 20-26 1993 (New York American Jewshyish Committee 1993) 120 Benjamin Ginsberg The Fatal Embrace Jews and the State (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1993) p 235 121 Religion in America Gallup Report April 1987 Report 259 122 Charles S Liebman The Ambivalent American Jew (Philadelphia The Jewish Publication Society of America 1973)p177 123 Wade Clark Roof A Generation of Seekers The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco Harper 1993)pp182-212241-262 124 Steven M Cohen American Assimilation or Jewish Revival (BlOOmington Indiana University Press 1988) p 46 125 Charles S Liebman The Religious Life ofAmerican Jewry
188
in Marshall Sklare ed Understanding American Jewry (New Brunswick NJ Transaction Books 1982) p 47 126 Richard D Alba Italian Americans Into the Twilight of Ethnicity (Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1985) p 89 127 George Gallup Jr and Jim Castelli The American Catholic People (Garden City Doubleday 1987) pp 59-60 128 Seymour Martin Lipset The Power of Jewish Education (Boston and Los Angeles The Wilstein Institute 1994) 129 Peter Grose Israel in the Mind of America (New York Alfred A Knopf 1984) p 6 130 Sklare Observing Americas Jews pp 234-247 262-263 Chaim 1 Waxman Heightening Ideology Diminishing Commushynity A Review Essay Shofar 12 (Winter 1992) pp 102-103 131 Don Lattin Church-State Conflict in a Jewish Town San Francisco Chronicle March 25 1994
189