Llb i el u 4.7 boi medical waste management

BIOMEDICAL

WASTE

MANAGEMENT

Course: LLB I

Subject : Environment Law

Unit: 4

Let the waste of the “sick”

not contaminate the lives of

“The Healthy”

CONTENT

• Definition

• Categories of Biomedical Waste

• Problem associated with Biomedical waste

• Need for Biomedical Waste Management

• Step to manage hazardous waste

• Treatment techniques

• Biomedical waste management in India

• Environmental legislation

• Conclusion

• Summary

Biomedical Waste (BMW)

is…

• Solid waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO)

• WHO estimates – 85% of hospital waste is non-hazardous

– 10% is infectious

– 5% is non-infectious but consists of hazardous chemicals like methylchloride and formaldehyde.

TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTESWASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE

Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste

Category No. 2 Animal Waste

Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste

Category No. 4 Waste Sharps

Category No. 5Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic

drugs

Category No. 6 Soiled Waste

Category No. 7 Solid Waste

Category No. 8 Liquid Waste

Category No. 9 Incineration Ash

Category No.10 Chemical Waste

PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMWORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE ITEM

VIRUSESHIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis

A,C, Arboviruses,Enteroviruses

AIDS, Infectious Hepatitis,Infectious Hepatitis,Dengue, Japaneseencephalitis, tick-bornefevers, etc.

Infected needles, bodyFluids, Human excreta, soiledlinen, Blood, body fluids.

BACTERIASalmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium Tetani, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus

Typhoid, Cholera, TetanusWound infections,septicemia, rheumaticfever, endocarditis, skinand soft tissue infections

Human excreta andbody fluid in landfills andhospital wards, Sharps such as needles, surgical blades inhospital waste.

PARASITESWucheraria Bancrofti, Plasmodium

Cutaneous leishmaniasis,Kala Azar, Malaria

Human excreta, blood andbody fluids in poorlymanaged sewage system ofhospitals.

NEED FOR BMW

MANAGMENT

Nosocomial infections in patients from poor infection control practices and poor waste management.

Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.

Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and ash.

Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers, other peoples.

TECHNIQUES

SEGREGATION :- to segregate the wastes.

Colour Coding Type of Container

Yellow Plastic Bag

Red Disinfected container/Plastic bag

Blue/

White TranslucentPlastic Bag / punch proof containers

Black Plastic Bag

TRANSPORTATION

Transportation of BMW can be divided into internal and external transportation.

INTERNAL: it is for yellow ,red ,blue and white bags.

EXTERNAL: it is for the general waste collected in the black coloured plastic bags.

Bio medical waste

management in India

Biomedical waste (management and handling) rule

1998, prescribed by The Ministry of Environment and

Forests, Govt of India, came into force on 20th July

1998.

This rule applies to those who generate, collect,

receive, store, dispose, treat or handle bio medical

waste in any manner.

Thus bio medical waste should be segregated into

containers/bags at the point of generation of waste.

Thus Colour Coding & type of containers used for

disposal of waste is came into existence which is

shown as follows. 10

CONCLUSION

• Safe and effective management of waste is not only

a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.

• Proper collection and segregation of biomedical

waste.

• Try to reduce the waste generation.

• Individual awareness and participation.

• Use recycle products.

• Label with agent, concentration and hazard warnings.

• Communicate about workplace hazards.

12

References:

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998

The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000

The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989

The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981