LLAMA Project

FAPESP WEEK BUENOS AIRES, 7 - 10 APRIL, 2015

Z. Abraham 4, E.M. Arnal 1,2 , G. Giménez de Castro 5, E. M. de Gouveia dal Pino 4, J.J. Larrarte 1, J. Lepine 4, R. Morras 1,2, J. Viramonte3

LLAMA Project (Large Latin American Millimetre Array)

1) Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía, CONICET, Argentina 2) Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, UNLP, Argentina 3) Instituto Geonorte, CONICET-UNSa, Argentina 4) Instituto de Astronomía e Geofísica, USP, Brazil 5) CRAAM, Universidad Presbiteriana Mackenzie, San Pablo, Brazil


The main goal of this presentation is to provide to the audience with an overall view of the LLAMA project and its current status

a)  What is LLAMA? b)   Funding agencies c)  Where will LLAMA be located? d)   Observing modes and scientific goals e)  How LLAMA will look like f)   Conclusions


LLAMA (Large Latin American Millimetre Array) is a joint scientific and technological undertaking of Argentina and Brazil on the basis of an equal investment share, whose main goal is both to install and to operate an observing a mm/submm facility in a high altitude place, located in the northwestern region of Argentina.

What is LLAMA?

Argentina will provide local infrastructure (access road to the site; buildings at site and main headquarters at SAC; energy provision, etc.) and formation of human resources in strategic areas (holographic system; M&C real time software development; AIV; calibration loads,etc.)

Construction phase : • Argentina - Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (MINCyT) (Secretaria de Articulación Científico -Tecnológica) (~U$ 7.3 million) - Salta Government (~ U$ 1.8 million) Brasil - Fundación de Apoyo a la Investigacion Cientifica del Estado de San Pablo (FAPESP) (~U$ 9.25 million) Science phase (including Commisioning): Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (up to U$ 600.000/year) Brasil - Universidad de San Pablo (USP)

Funding agencies



Where will LLAMA be located?

SP

Salta

BsAs


Salta

SAC

ALMA

APEX ASTE

Antofagasta

Paranal

SAC= San Antonio de los Cobres


20 km

LLAMA site and its surroundings

SAC

LLAMA Site

RN 51


Observing modes

•  As a radiometer on its own (stand alone mode) •  As part of a local VLBI network with ALMA,

APEX, ASTE (VLBI mode)


ALMA – Alto Chorrillos

126 km

13

2 km

ALMA,ASTE,APEX,CCAT

ALMA – APEX = 2.6 km; ALMA – ASTE = 8.3 km; APEX – ASTE = 6.8 km


VLBI mode ü A “local” VLBI network associated with ALMA,

APEX, and ASTE. It will reach an angular resolution of the order of 0”.001 (1 mas) at a wavelength of 1mm (300 GHz) (x 10 ALMA ).(Angular size of a $1 coin at 4950 km)

ü  In the mid-run, at “low” (35- 50 GHz) may be part of an expanded “southamerican” VLBI network [Argentina (LLAMA, CART), Bolivia (Chacaltaya), Brazil (Atibaia), Chile (ALMA, APEX, ASTE), Perú (Huancayo)].


Expanded Southamerican VLBI network

Huancayo (Peru)

Chacaltaya (Bolivia)

Itapetinga (Brazil)

ALMA (Chile)

LLAMA (Arg)

2000 km

1500 km

CART

Fortaleza (Brazil)


Main Dish- 12 m, overall weight ~ 102 Tn

Under all events surface accuracy ~ 15 µm (¼ human hair thickness!)


ü  Two ASTE-like cryostats ( capacity 3 Rx each. Nasmyth Foci) ü  One Cassegrain focus and two Nasmyth Foci ü  Rx 183 GHz (ambient temp.)- PWV monitoring ü  Cryostat 1 (first light): Rx priorities (2 pol.)

a) Band 5 ALMA ( 162 – 211 GHz) [OSO – Sweden] b) Band 9 ALMA (602 – 720 GHz) [NOVA – The Netherlands] c) Band 6 ALMA (211 – 275 GHz) [NOVA- The Netherlands?]]

a) Band 7 ALMA ( 275 – 373 GHz) [IRAM – France] b) Band 3 ALMA (84 - 116 GHz, MMIC Tech.) [ Co. Calán – Chile ?] c) Band 1 ALMA ( 35 – 50 GHz) [Co. Calán – Chile]

ü  Cryostat 2: Rx priorities (2 pol.)

ü  Cryostat 3 (Cass. focus): Bolometer/ heterodyne array

LLAMA: a few Technical Specs


Summing up

a)  Take the initiative in a global Project. This action would place the countries of the region in an advantageous position to participate in an extended version of the project thereby stretching their intellectual and technological roles in a growing Latinamerican astronomy. b) An initial US$ 18-19 million investment will allow for partial integration within a global project that is worth US$ 1.400 millions. c)  It will allow to test and correct regional scientific-technological integration, step by step, and in a progressive way, since a “natural” extension of this project may in the future require the installation of antennae in several countries in the region. d) It is an ideal context to train human resources in Materials Engineering and Microwave Technologies, with applications to Telecommunications, Surveying of Natural Resources, Microelectronics and Business Management, at a national and regional level.


Summing up

e) LLAMA will be an observing facility open to astronomers from elsewhere, through collaboration with scientists of Argentina and Brazil. f) It should act as a “catalyst” to strenghten the existing bonds among the astronomical communities of Argentina and Brazil and colleagues/institutions around the world.


http://www.llamaobservatory.org


Muito obrigado

Muchas gracias

Thank you very much


Alto Chorrillo: 210 GHz opacity


Dr. J. Kooi (JPL, CALTECH): Optical layout of radiotelescope. Dr. J. Ibsen (ALMA, Chile): Computing. Eng. R. Finger (Univ. Chile): General Electronics and Receivers Eng. R. Reeves (Univ. Concepción, Chile): Calibration loads and WVR. Dr. J. Baars (NOVA, The Netherlands): Antenna construction at Vertex. Eng. J. P. García (Former ALMA Eng., Chile): General Electronics Dr. XXX (NOVA, The Netherlands): Band 6 and Band 9 receivers Dr. XXX (Onsala, Sweden): Band 5 receiver Eng. F. Santoro (XXX): Overall mechanical layout of the system. Dr. S. Asayama (ALMA, NOAJ): Cryostats

External Project Adviser: Dr. Thijs de Graauw (Former ALMA Director)

External Advisory Scientifc Committee Dra. C, Cesarky (Former ESO Director) Dr. R. Giovanelli (Cornell) Dr. I. F. Mirabel (CONICET) Dr. L-A Nyman (ALMA)


ü  400 hectares allocated to the project by Salta province. Construction of observatory and related facilities (~300 m2). ü  7800m2 allocated to the project at SAC (SAC County). Construction of main basecamp (~800 m2).

ü  2014 budget made fully available by MINCyT and 2015 budget is being processed.

Current status


ü  As March 2015, final steps related to: ü  the bidding process associated with the construction of the access road to site (9/15 – 02/16). ü  the Executive Projects for the infrastructure at both SAC (Salta) and Alto Chorrillos. ü  the design of the energy provision system to the site (Salta, 300 KW active power at site).

ü  Environmental Impact studies at both SAC and Alto Chorrillos.

Current status (cont.)


Wind speed: Cumulative function


Atmospheric Transparency Sites above 4500m

λ= 3 mm λ= 1 mm λ= 0,43 mm λ= 0,30 mm

LLAMA Phase I

Phase II

λ= 3 mm λ= 1 mm λ= 0,30 mm


LLAMA in a worldwide context


JCMT + CSO + SMA Mauna Kea 4100 m USA (USA) LMT Sierra Negra 4600 m Mexico (Mexico, USA) LLAMA Alto Chorrillo 4800 m Argentina (Argentina, Brazil) NANTEN-2 Chajnantor 4865 m Chile (Japan, Korea) ALMA-ACA Chajnantor 5000 m Chile

(EEUU,ESO,Japan/Taiwan) APEX Chajnantor 5000 m Chile (Sweden,Germany,ESO) ASTE Chajnantor 5100 m Chile (Japan) CCAT Chajnantor 5600 m Chile (USA) ACA Alma Compact Array (4 x 12 m + 12 x 7m) ALMA Atacama Large Millimeter Array (50 x 12 m ) APEX Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (12 m) ASTE Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (10 m) CCAT Cornell Caltech Atacama Telescope (25 m) CSO Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (10 m) JCMT James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (15 m) LLAMA Long Latin American Millimetre Array (12 m) LMT Large Millimetre Telescope (50 m) NANTEN-2 Nagoya University Telescope (4 m) SMA Submillimeter Array (8 x 6 m)

Radiometers for mm/submm observations located above 4000 m

LLAMA Project

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