LL Paperdam Paper standardisation-whiteness-colour gamut Wuhan 2014 11 11

| © The Paperdam Group 1 Luc LANAT Paperdam Wuhan 2014 11 11

Paper-standardization-whiteness-colour gamut Presentation to Wuhan University Luc LAN


Luc LANAT Paperdam Chairman and Convenor ATIP Past President Formerly Production and Process Manager at Stora Enso Magazine Division and Quality Director at Smurfit Condat http://fr.linkedin.com/in/luclanat/www.paperdam.org

| © The Paperdam Group

Paperdam Scope

§  The objects of the foundation, hereinafter referred to as "Paperdam" are to contribute to the role of paper as a product within international standardisation. The main working area, but not excluding other areas, is in the graphic technology.

§  Paperdam acts as per ISO (International Organization for Standardization) Global Relevance Policy as documented and published by ISO.

§  Paperdam can organize and sponsor exhibitions, conferences, studies or other activities within the scope of its objects.

§  The following subjects shall not be discussed during any meetings or contacts on behalf of Paperdam: 1. Sales and purchase prices, including price changes or pricing policy. 2. Discounts, rebates, allowances or other factors affecting sales or purchase prices. 3. The commercial terms or conditions of sale or purchase. 4. Production output, capacity, capacity utilization rates or changes in output, capacity or capacity utilization rates. 5. Individualized sales/order figures or customer lists. 6. Production, marketing, Research and development or other costs. 7. Investments, production, product development or marketing polices or plans. 8. Research and development plans or results. 9. Stock levels. 10. Allocation of customers. 11. Sales territories. 12. Market sharing. 13. Sharing of sources of supply.

3 Luc LANAT Paperdam Wuhan 2014 11 11


Paperdam Foundation contributors october 2014

Contributors from 8 paper companies and FR ATIP members: 1.  Jan ANDERSSON Holmen 2.  Hans-J. DRENK Norske 3.  Jouni MARTTILA SAPPI 4.  Peter PETERMANN Stora Enso 5.  Jan LINDSTRÖM UPM. 6.  Thomas HERBST Leipa 7.  Joan FONT Lecta 8.  Carsten WIESE Steinbeis

§  ATIP Arjo-Wiggins, Papeteries de Clairefontaine Stakeholders and Honorary : 1.  Wilco de GROOT IGT, Convenor TC6-TC 130 JWG 39 2.  Luc LANAT Convenor and Chairman of Paperdam Foundation, past ATIP President



Summary for to-day

§  ISO 15397 Communication of Graphic paper properties –  Which paper properties ? Why ? How reached ?

§  Some topics –  Light sources D 50-D 65 –  Whiteness depends of light source –  Colour Gamut depends of paper type

§  The paper world, who are the players ?

§  Last word on Standardization. See ISO PTR 19300



ISO 15397 journey

§  NWIP 15397 proposed sept 2009

§  ISO 15397 published on Feb 3, 2014

§  Developed by TC 130 WG 4

§  Edited by Paperdam working group

§  Reviewed by / presented to: –  TC 6 –  ERA (European Rotogravure Association) –  ECI European Color Initiative –  CIE Comité International Eclairage


© ISO 2014

Graphic technology — Communication of graphic paper propertiesTechnologie graphique — Communication des propriétés des papiers graphiques

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO15397

First edition2014-02-01

Reference numberISO 15397:2014(E)


ISO/FDIS 15397:2013(E)

© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved iii

Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ivIntroduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1͵� ��ϐ�� ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 List of required criteria for communication of paper properties ..................................................................... 55 ISO standards related to required criteria ................................................................................................................................ 6

5.1 Sampling and general information useful for technical communication ............................................. 65.2 Brand name and paper mill ......................................................................................................................................................... 65.3 Grammage ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 75.4 Bulk and/or thickness ...................................................................................................................................................................... 75.5 Roughness for evaluation of surface properties ........................................................................................................ 75.6 Gloss ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8ͷǤ� �� ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85.8 Brightness and whiteness of unprinted paper ............................................................................................................ 85.9 Colour measurement of paper white point in printing conditions (D50/2°) ................................... 95.10 Colour measurement of unprinted paper in outdoor conditions (D65/10°) ................................105.11 Supported colour gamut in the context of prepress design ..........................................................................105.12 Fluorescence in the context of prepress ........................................................................................................................ 10ͷǤͳ͵� ��ǡ��ϐ��ϐ�� ........115.14 Bending resistance (bending stiffness) for Sheet-Fed Offset printing substrates .....................11

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................12


ISO 15397 Scope

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 15397

© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 1

Graphic Technology — Communication of graphic paper 104

properties xxxx updated after comments on DIS, to be 105

proposed at Shenzhen for FDIS stage version 2013 03 22 after 106

ATIP WG and Paperdam meeting and CN TCGxxxxx 107

1 Scope 108

This International Standard specifies the list of paper substrate relevant properties to be communicated 109 between the paper and the printing industries. 110

This International Standard is applicable to papers intended to be printed in rotogravure, cold-set web offset, 111 heat-set web offset, sheet-fed offset, and flexographic printing processes and to proofing substrates. 112

Where multiple measures exist the preferred procedure and its International Standard is defined. 113

All measuring methods of properties specified in this International Standard are described in ISO Standards. 114

2 Normative references 115

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 116 references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 117 document (including any amendments) applies. 118

ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality 119

ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps — Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for 120 monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples 121

ISO 534, Paper and board — Determination of thickness, density and specific volume 122

ISO 536, Paper and board - Determination of grammage 123

ISO 2469, Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse radiance factor 124

ISO 2470-1, Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor — Part 1: Indoor 125 daylight conditions (ISO brightness) 126

ISO 2470-2, Paper, board and pulps — Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor — Part 2: Outdoor 127 daylight conditions (D65 brightness) 128

ISO 2471, Paper and board — Determination of opacity (paper backing) — Diffuse reflectance method 129

ISO 2493-1, Paper and board — Determination of bending resistance – Part 1: Constant rate of deflection 130

ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes — Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20°, 60° 131 and 85° 132

ISO 5627, Paper and board - Determination of smoothness (Bekk method) 133

ISO 5631-2, Paper and board — Determination of colour by diffuse reflectance — Part 2: Outdoor daylight 134 conditions (D65/10°) 135


Paperdam understanding on how to use ISO 15397

§  QUOTE OF INTRODUCTION (1)

§  This International Standard is intended to improve communication between the graphic papermaking industry and the printing industry based on their need to be able to produce quality printing. Paper properties and how they are measured are presented and their use in the printing context is described.

§  This International Standard describes data to be provided for

reliable printing. A substrate description can be assessed to be in conformance with this International Standard, not a substrate itself.



QUOTE OF INTRODUCTION (2)

§  Printing press settings depend on paper grade, and several paper properties are required in order to define a grade.

§  Paper measurement standards developed within ISO/TC 6 are referenced in this International Standard. They were mainly used to develop paper industry test methods and allow the papermaking processes to be reproducible and reliable within paper mills. It is advisable that paper purchasing specifications be based on paper industry standards. This recommendation also applies to paper proofing substrates. Special requirements for paper substrates for the reliable production of printed products need to be communicated on the basis of standards developed by ISO/TC 6 whenever possible.




§  The evaluation of colour of the unprinted paper is critical to define prepress white point settings. This measurement can be performed with either diffuse:0° integrating sphere instruments (papermakers’ equipment) or 45°:0° instruments (printers’ equipment). Results are often close if the UV calibration is performed correctly. This International Standard specifies 45°:0° instruments (printers’ equipment) to perform this evaluation as per ISO 13655, because of their wide availability at printers' facilities.

§  For the evaluation of printed colours, measurement devices are developed according to ISO 13655 which differ from the colour measurement devices which conform to ISO 2469 and ISO 5631-1, ISO 5631-2 and ISO 5631-3. The latter type of instrument is used within paper mills for quality evaluation during paper manufacturing and unprinted paper colour evaluation.




§  Properties linked to the printing process (e.g. dimensions, blistering and picking resistance in offset, missing dots in gravure) are not described in this International Standard, since they are implicitly needed when purchasing the paper meant for this printing process.

§  Properties that are not based on ISO standards are not described here.

§  The bibliography lists basic references in graphic technology standards,[1][2] Paper and board standards,[3] previously published references,[4] commercial classifications,[5] conditions of sale,[6] and reference lists of printing characterization data publicly available.[8]



Paperdam understanding on how to use ISO 15397

§  Companies can use ISO15397 as guidance for implicit customer requirements in the sense of ISO 9000 series.

§  Clause 4 is titled «List of required criteria for communication of paper properties». This list of properties communicated may relate to a product family or a specific brand named product. The recommended wording is « List of properties as per ISO 15397 criteria ».

§  A « company » as such cannot claim to be in conformance with this standard or compliant to ISO 15397.

§  Third parties may assess conformance of communication to ISO 15397. §  Companies may choose to use it for its communication or not, meaning that

the list of properties communicated will be conforming to ISO 15397 list of required criteria or not.

§  As any other ISO standard, ISO 15397 is of voluntary application.



OPTICS paper versus printing



Optical standards paper and printers.

§  TC 6 standards series were developped to fulfill needs of papermaking industry to supply the top white grades. To evaluate and produce consistently these papers you need : –  illuminant D 65 with the daylight UV content. –  equipment d/0°.

§  Indoor viewing conditions refer to illuminant C.

§  TC 130 standards series is based on : –  printer illuminant D 50. –  equipment 45°/0° or 0°/45°.



Illuminants definitions

§  D 50 « indoor illumination » –  horizon light, warm daylight at sunrise or sunset (5000°K)

§  D 65 « outdoor daylight » –  noon overcast daylight (6500°K)

§  C « indoor daylight » –  average or north sky daylight (6770°K)

§  D 75 overcast nordic daylight (7500°K)


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750

Wavelength, nm

Spe

ctra

l Pow

er

D50 D65 C

C

D50

D65


Calculations

§  Paper –  Measure diffuse reflectance factor with equipments in

conformance with ISO 2469. –  Calculate ISO Brightness, D65 Brightness, CIE Whiteness

indoor, CIE Whiteness oudoor, CIELAB colour in D50/2° observer or C/2° observer or D65/10° observer illumination conditions with Xenon light source.

§  Printing –  Measure spectral reflectance factor in conformance with ISO

13655, which includes calculations of CIELAB in D50 with M0 (illuminant A), M1 (illuminant D50), M2 (illuminant D50 UVex) or M3 (polarized) conditions with incandescent light source.



Relative spectral power distribution of standard CIE illuminants versus wavelenth in nm (nanometers). Source CIE 15:2004.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

300

315

330

345

360

375

390

405

420

435

450

465

480

495

510

525

540

555

570

585

600

615

630

645

660

675

690

705

720

735

750

765

780

Standard Illuminant A Standard Illuminant D65Illuminant C Illuminant D50Illuminant D55 Illuminant D75Illuminant ID 65 CIE 184-2009



ISO 2469

ISO 13655



Different instruments in paper industry and graphics industry

ISO 2469

D/0°+ gloss trap + UV conditions – for visual predictions

Large aperture + UV conditions –for process control and trade specification

Calibration system for trade

D/0°– for optical modelling

ISO 13655

45°/0°or 0°/45°– for visual predictions

Polarisation conditions– for process control

45°/0°or 0°/45°+ Small aperture – to fit sample size



ISO 2469D/0°double beam

Reference detection system

Reference port

Baffel

Sample

Illumination system (Xe)

Detectionsystem

UV absorption filters

Integrating sphere

Glosstrapp



UV-conditionsXe flash lamp + filters

UV(full) — Unfiltered xenon flash lamp UV(D65) — UV content corresponding to std illuminant D65 UV(C) — UV content corresponding to illuminant C UVex(420) — Fluorescence exclusion filter used UVex(395) — UV exclusion filter used UVex(300) — UVB exclusion filter used



Summary ISO 13655 instrument

Calibration Illimination D50

– Often tungsten instead 400–700 nm or better Band pass = wavelength pitch = 10 nm Calculation must be adapted to band pass Black backing D=1.5±0.2 or white backing L* > 92 45°/0°or 0°/45°– ISO 5-4 Measurement aperture depending on application



ISO 1365545°/0°and 0°/45°

!"#$%!$&%'

()*+,'-#."/01#&#2

/+"#1$,#"

%0,0/,#"

!"#$%!$&%'

()*+,'-#."/0

1#&#2

/+"#1$,#"

%0,0/,#"

broadbandlight source

broadbandlight source

monochromatorand detector

monochromatorand detector



Calibration

Paper industry– Absolute– Rigid calibrations chain– Includes UV adjustment– Standards are issued every month– Most industry laboratories subscribe reference standards

according to their recalibration schedule Graphics industry

– Traceable to national laboratory



Reference Standard for calibration of spectral reflectance factors



Reference Standard for the adjustment of the UV conditions UV(D65) and UV(C)



When to use what ?

§  Colour Management is a printing issue and is D50 world. –  Colour calculations and references should thus refer to it. –  Papermakers willing to fullfill ISO 15397 will provide CIELAB

coordinates in D50 to set up the white point of colour management files.

§  Visual evaulation of paper depends of the environment. –  In office and houses, C illumination is closest. –  ISO Brightness or D65 Brightness, depending of paper markets

is quite suited to evaluate unprinted « white » paper. –  Whiteness is most complete concept to fine-tune ranking of

unprinted papers.



Colour Gamut

§  Achievable Colour Gamut depends of printing process and printing conditions.

–  Does not depend of paper shade only.

–  Depends on surface, then to L* values and then to shade (or fluorescence thus).

§  For each printing process:

–  10 to 12 printing process settings and thus characterization data are needed corresponding to 10 to 12 paper types.



Paper market

§  See Stora Enso Investor kit page 23+ –  Strategy for which markets? –  Where are the forests –  Where are the mills ?

§  See UPM Investors presentation october 2014 page 46+ –  Markets –  Demand, capacities and pricing situation –  Who are the players?




Please visit our website

for more information

www.paperdam.org

LL Paperdam Paper standardisation-whiteness-colour gamut Wuhan 2014 11 11

Presentations & Public Speaking

luc lanat paperdam wuhan

behalf of paperdam

luc lanat paperdam chairman

paperdam group summary

luc lanat convenor

wuhan university luc

paper companies

paper world