Living in harmony with the environment in a precarious situation? Example of Eastern Chad by Arnold Egli, Consultant for natural and renewable resources.

Living in harmony with the environment in a precarious

situation?

Example of Eastern Chad

by Arnold Egli,

Consultant for natural and renewable resources management with SHA and UNHCR

Chad

• 7 Mio habitants• 110 different ethnically different

populations• Land locked country• 1‘280‘000 km2• main activities: live stock keeping,

agriculture for subsistence and the market, cotton as a cash crop

• Exploitation of petrol since July 2004• Important, not yet exploited gas

resources• One of the poorest country in the

world

• Again affected by a drought and hunger!!!

East of Chad

• Land area: 60'000 km2

• Border with Sudan 600 km• Local pop. density: < 4 h / km2

• Big animals: 3.5 Mio

• Rainfall: 0 and 600 mm,Irregular distribution

Refugee's Operation of UNHCR and contribution of SHA

• approx. 220'000 refugees• 60 -80‘000 IDP since 2006• First camp opens in January 2004, newest

in April 2005• Camp size: 12 and 30'000 people• Camps equiped with nutrition center, first

aid station, primary schools, police guard, community services,

• Water supply: 11 to 18 l/p/d(drinking water quality)

• Food supply approx. 2000 kcal/p/d• Costs: 80 Mio US $ (2004); 55 US $ (2005);

40 Mio US $ (in 2006); 2011 ?

• Contribution SHA- 1 site planner 2004- 1 water specialist 2004 to 2010

• - 1 environment specialist 2004 to 2006

and 2011

EVOLUTION DES EFFECTIFS DES REFUGIES SOUDANAIS DANS LES CAMPS ET OUVERTURE DES CAMPS DE REFUGIES

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

01.04 02.04 03.04 04.04 05.04 06.04 07.04 08.04 09.04 10.04 11.04 12.04 01.05 02.05 03.05 04.05 05.05 06.05 07.05 08.05 09.05

mois/an

per

son

nes

FARCHANA

TOULOUM & KOUNOUNGOU

GOZ AMER & IRIDIMI

MILE

DJABAL & BREDJING

OURE CASSONI

TREGUINEDiminution a cause du recensement

GAGA

Zustand und Anfälligkeit der Ökosysteme (Sahel Tschad)

Nach Norden abnehmender Niederschlag und zunehmende Anfälligkeit des Ökosystems

Main Refugee’s Zones

• 12 camps répartis en 4 zones avec des caractéristiques propres

(unités d’analyse)

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

REGIONS, POPULATIONS ET CAMPS DE REFUGIES

?

?

Djibiya

Kombery-Key Adour

Konamara

Doula

Main Challenges

Drinking water

Houshold Energy

Energy wood supply and saving

Energy wood substitution

Wood supply for light wood construction (eg. Roof)

Data basis on wood utilization (and supply)

Data basis on vegetation‘s develop. in the region

Environment managment practice

Healthy and well nourished animal

Security

Presence of development actors

Estimated Wood Production et Consumption at Eastern Chad

Zone Chef lieuCouvert forestier

Consommation de bois

   Production accessible

Sans EconomieEconomie

Ref 20 / Loc -Economie

Ref 50 / Loc 50

       Ratio C/P

 Ratio C/P

  Ratio C/P

    t/an t/an % t/an % t/an %

1 Bahai 3 960 11 714 296 9 779 247 5 857 148

2 Iriba, Guereda 40 703 54 623 134 49 736 122 27 312 67

3 Farchana 90 419 99 822 110 94 293 104 49 914 55

4 Goz Beida 127 335 56 557 44 53 813 42 28 279 22

Main activity since 2004

Wood collecting and distribution

Wood saving 1

Traditional fire place

Wood saving 2

… by improved mud stove

Wood saving 3

… and more of these wood saving stoves!

• Metallic stove "Save80"• Metallic stove "Central African Stove„• Mud stove mobil

Wood saving 4

The new member of the group:AFRAH since 2011

Wood substitution 1

Briquettes of different materials

• Cardboard, Doum kernel, mixture of…

Wood Substitution 2

Solar cookers – Different Types

Wood Substitution 3

Solar water heater

Wood substitution 4Biogas digester

/

Wood restoring activities 1

Tree production, planting and protection

Wood restoring activities 2

Forest land protection and managment

Main Challenges 2006 2011

Drinking water available +++ +++

Houshold Energy available + +

Energy wood supply and saving + ++

Energy wood substitution (*) + ++

Wood supply for light wood construction (eg. Roof) + +

Data basis on wood utilization (and supply) (*) + +

Data basis on vegetation‘s develop. in the region (*) + +

Environment managment practice (*) + +

Healthy and well nourished animal ++ ++

Security + ++

Presence of development actors + ++

Estimated Wood Production et Consumption at Eastern Chad

Zone Chef lieuCouvert forestier

Consommation de bois

   Production accessible

Sans EconomieEconomie

Ref 20 / Loc -Economie

Ref 50 / Loc 50

       Ratio C/P

 Ratio C/P

  Ratio C/P

    t/an t/an % t/an % t/an %

1 Bahai 3 960 11 714 296 9 779 247 5 857 148

2 Iriba, Guereda 40 703 54 623 134 49 736 122 27 312 67

3 Farchana 90 419 99 822 110 94 293 104 49 914 55

4 Goz Beida 127 335 56 557 44 53 813 42 28 279 22

Thank you for your attention!

Sustainably yours!