LIVING (BEYOND) THE BORDER LIVING (BEYOND) THE BORDER EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES AND CROSS-BORDER RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY CROSS-BORDER RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY (CRM) (CRM) IN THE UPPER ADRIATIC IN THE UPPER ADRIATIC AREA AREA Devan Jagodic Slori – Slovene Research Institute Trieste (Italy) [email protected]
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LIVING (BEYOND) THE BORDER EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES AND CROSS-BORDER RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY (CRM) IN THE UPPER ADRIATIC AREA Devan Jagodic Slori –
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LIVING (BEYOND) THE BORDERLIVING (BEYOND) THE BORDER
EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES AND
CRM as an emerging phenomenon of spatial mobility taking place in several EU “internal” borderlands
Migration movements undertaken by people living in border areas, who decide to buy a house and move on the other side of the border
Origins of the phenomenon (the “border paradox”):
on the one side: explosion of CRM after acceleration of European integration processes during the 90’s ► consequence of the increasing permeability of physical and mental borders
on the other side: cross-border migrants profit from asymmetries between two bordering areas (real estate market conditions, cost of living etc.) ► consequence of the long-lasting border-barriers
LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW ON CRM ON CRM: 4 CASE-STUDIE: 4 CASE-STUDIESS
Dutch-German borderland (Strüver, 2005; Van Houtum & Gielis, 2006)
CRMCRM AS AN EFFECT OF SUBURBANISATION AS AN EFFECT OF SUBURBANISATION
OF BORDER CITIESOF BORDER CITIES
CAUSES for CRM typical of suburbanisation:• high residential density in cities• cheaper houses in peripheries • growing demand for larger houses out of the city
centre and close to “nature” • improvement of road connections and increase of
private motorisation• role of governmental authorities (urban policies,
CRMCRM AS AN EFFECT OF SUBURBANISATION AS AN EFFECT OF SUBURBANISATION
OF BORDER CITIESOF BORDER CITIES
A series of SIDE EFFECTS deriving from the “elastic” way of life undertaken by cross-border migrants
CRM as an “elastic migration” (Van Houtum & Gielis, 2006) = constant interaction between centrifugal forces (moving house in the new country) and centripetal forces (maintaining of functional and/or affective bonds with the country of origin)
Daily cross-border commuting practices to/from the city (work, bring children to chool, visits to parents, use of services, etc.)
IN THE UPPER ADRIATIC AREA (IN THE UPPER ADRIATIC AREA (22))
European integration processes + weakening of the border barriers + liberalization of the Slovenian real estate market ►Development of cross-border flows of residential mobility in the Italian-Slovenian border area
Main directions: rural villages of the Slovenian Carst laying near close to the national border with Italy
New Slovenian Carst inhabitants = urban population coming from Trieste, border city and capital of Friuli Venezia Giulia Region
Main problem: little knowledge of Slovenian language among some new incomers ►part of the local population not inclined to communicate in Italian
Cases of ethnic segregation within residential complexes at the margin of the rural villages ►few contacts with local population, mutual diffidence
REACTIONS FROM LOCAL PUBLIC OPINIONREACTIONS FROM LOCAL PUBLIC OPINION
Lack of legal instruments, which allows a wide diffusion of “satellite settlements
Development of the territory influenced by big investors, building lobbies and real estate agencies
Mediatic slogans underlining the threat of the “invasion” from the Italian capital
Development of a series of local “civil initiatives”
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
CRMCRM = = a controversial phenomenon, which a controversial phenomenon, which could arise very different reactionscould arise very different reactions::
a)a) POSITIVE: “POSITIVE: “aa laboratory for cross-border laboratory for cross-border integration, which can contribute to overcome integration, which can contribute to overcome physical and mental physical and mental barriers by creating barriers by creating transnational spaces”transnational spaces”
b)b) NEGATIVE: “NEGATIVE: “a contamination of the a contamination of the national national territory with exogenous elementsterritory with exogenous elements””
c)c) INTERMEDIATE: “INTERMEDIATE: “a part of the dynamics of the life a part of the dynamics of the life along the border; a normal consequence of the along the border; a normal consequence of the asymmetries between two neighbouring systems, asymmetries between two neighbouring systems, caused by the presence of the border”caused by the presence of the border”
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
A series of practical issues that national and local authorities are called to face:
o HHow to support integration of migrants in the new ow to support integration of migrants in the new setting?setting? How How toto manage possible situations of manage possible situations of segregation or ethnic conflict? segregation or ethnic conflict?
o How How toto deal with fiscal issues, giving that deal with fiscal issues, giving that migrants usually pay taxes in the country of migrants usually pay taxes in the country of origin but use some public services in the country origin but use some public services in the country of destination?of destination?
o WWhat kind of cross-border cooperation is possible hat kind of cross-border cooperation is possible to develop in order to face these problems?to develop in order to face these problems?