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The 2nd National Workshop on Livelihoods Education on the theme,
Cocreating New Practice: Innovations in Livelihoods Education was
organizedby Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar (XIMB) in
coordinationwith Livelihoods MANTHAN on February 56, 2015. A wide
variety ofstakeholders from India attended, including senior
officials in the Nationaland State Rural Livelihood Missions,
academics, practitioners fromlivelihood promoting organizations,
researchers, social entrepreneurs andstudents.
Spread over two days and eightsessions with over 50
differentparticipants, the nationalworkshop saw a rich set
ofdiscussions on what wasrequired to strengthencurriculum and
pedagogy indesigning livelihoods educationfor the changing
Indiancontext.
During the workshop, members of the Livelihoods MANTHAN
networkreleased various knowledge outputs including XIMB's Handbook
onLivelihoods Education in India.Further, the launch of
theSustainable LivelihoodsInstitute of Tamil Nadu waspublicly
announced during theworkshop.
The workshop saw theparticipants discussing whatcould be the key
ingredientsof a livelihoods educationcurriculum. They deliberated
on how to enable useful collaborationsbetween academics,
practitioners and policy makers for a practiceoriented livelihoods
curriculum. They also brainstormed on how to takethe agenda
forward, post the workshop.
(Contd.)
livelihoods. learning. sharing.
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April 2015
LIVEwireLIVEwireVol.III No. 1
CCooccrreeaatt iinngg nneeww pprraacctt iiccee ffoorr ll
iivveell iihhooooddss
on LIVEwireThis Month
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The final session, in particular, saw the discussantsfocusing on
thematic action points as a way forward(refer figure above) for the
workshop participants tocreate a broader community of learning and
practice onlivelihoods.
The participants agreed that they need to engage withwith the
broader ecosystem of livelihood promotion suchas the ministries
involved in skill development, micro,small and medium enterprises,
etc. while alsoempathizing with the rising aspirations of the
ruralpopulace. In this context, they can learn from
successfulexamples such as Auroville, which has matched
theaspirations of villagers with sustainable development.
Given this emerging scenario, participants agreed on theneed to
study how large scale programs (like NRLM)have or can deliver
sustainable livelihoods. It is alsoimportant to develop a common
understanding oflivelihoods and livelihoods education, so as to
facilitatewhat it means for the practitioners and others involvedin
livelihoods promotion support.
It was also agreed that synthesizing training modulesacross the
spectrum and disseminating relatedinformation will help in
consolidating the goals oflivelihood education.
The representatives of NRLM and the World Bank
2
encouraged the participants to associate with SRLMson a regular
basis. The representatives offered tofacilitate this process by
inviting participants tocollaborate with key events such as SRLM
workshopsfor drafting the Annual Action Plan and during thestate
writeshops in NIRD Hyderabad.
Suggestions were made for the participants to meetmore
frequently through regional partnerships andalso make efforts to
develop a list of faculty fromvarious academic and practitioner
organizations, toenable collaboration in offering a blend of
trainingmodules and programs.
Participants also acknowledged the demandsupplymismatch in
quality professional staff for livelihoodprograms. Rural management
institutions also need tomonitor quality as students capabilities
to handlelivelihood interventions are inconsistent. For
this,academic institutions were encouraged to engage
withpractitioners and align their livelihoods courses withthe
requirements of livelihood promotion agencies.
The workshop also acknowledged the scope for newtools such as
simulations and games to trainprofessionals.
Visit the workshop webpage for videos and other
resources
LIVEwire April 2015
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PPeerrssppeecctt iivvee
Expanding the livelihoods education frontier
Dr. Sankar Datta shares his thoughts on the ongoingdiscourse on
livelihoods educaton in India. His insights
are derived from his review of the "Handbook of
Livelihoods Education in India" a compilation of
livelihoods related courses offered by academic
institutions in India.
There has been a spurt of activity from several
academicinstitutions recently in the livelihood space. Newercourses
on livelihoods and specialised streams are beingoffered even as
many institutions have enhanced theirprofiles through specialised
centres of livelihoods. Arecent Curriculum Handbook on Livelihoods
Education bythe Livelihoods MANTHAN network suggests livelihoodsas
a core course or specialisation in at least 10institutions. An
aspirant seeking livelihood knowledgehas a range of offerings from
core and elective coursesin regular management or social science
programmes
Insights on the emerging livelihoods ecosystem in India
3
through specializations that link with entrepreneurshipor
poverty alleviation and an introduction tomethods/ processes/tools
that can be used forlivelihood promotion/support.
Are we at the cusp of a new practice and discourse onlivelihoods
education? Are academic institutionsworking with practitioners who
have hitherto led thefield? Can academic institutions enable the
opening upof livelihoods knowledge beyond local
organisationalcontexts to feed into largescale governmentprogrammes
such as the National Rural LivelihoodsMission (NRLM)? What might be
the ways forward fornewer practice and pedagogy on livelihoods?
There has been significant progress in understandingthe
livelihoods of people in recent times. A review ofthe various
livelihood educations programs beingoffered however suggest that
most of them haveremained bounded within old disciplinary
boundaries,sometimes just making a qualifying statement thatthese
are affected by a larger context, with little or noclarity on the
interactions between these elements:the society, the politics and
the economy. However, alivelihoods perspective recognizes that
economicdecisions are embedded within a social reality...
Read the complete blog here at the Grameen Gyan
Kosh
LIVEwire April 2015
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The Handbook of Livelihoods Education in India is intended as a
readyreckoner for academics and practitioners engaged in teaching
and training for
Livelihoods Promotion and Support in India. The current version
contains a list
of post graduate programs, course curricula and training
programs, compiled
from voluntary submissions in multiple forums.
The Handbook is an evolving exercise and we hope more
individuals, academic
institutions and livelihood promoting organizations will
collaborate to update this
resource with newer information with greater contribution from
the many actors
involved in the field. - Editors
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PPeerrssppeecctt iivveeInsights on the emerging livelihoods
ecosystem in India
Mr. Avinash Kumar, (ILRT) shares his thoughts on the recent
public suicide ofa farmer in Delhi. His words echo aplea towards
all livelihood promoters and supporters to be more relevant in our
approach to support India's farmers.
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MMAANNTTHHAANN iinn AAcctt iioonn
XIMB launches Handbook of LivelihoodsCurriculum in IndiaXIMB
released the online version of the Handbook ofLivelihoods
Curriculum in India in February 2015. ThisHandbook is a collation
of course outlines on the waylivelihoods is taught in higher
education institutes inIndia as well as by practitioners in the
field. Thishandbook was released at the recent workshop "Cocreating
New Practice: Innovations in LivelihoodEducation" held at XIMB
(February 56th). Compilingthis handbook is an ongoing process and
XIMB iscurrently updating a larger version of the
curriculumhandbook with annexure containing references of
thevarious course outlines, programme structure etc.Download the
Handbook here
XLRI to collaborate with JSLPS on a rapidSWOT analysisThe
Jharkhand State Livelihoods Promotion Society(JSLPS) has scaled up
its coverage and plans to extendits outreach to the entire
Jharkhand state (24districts/259 blocks) within the next 5 years.
Such agrowth target opens up both new opportunities forJSLPS to
fulfill its mission, as well as new challenges.Prof. Madhukar
Shukla of XLRI Jamshedpur will lead arapid research study (in the
summer of 2015) to identifythe challenges, which can be anticipated
as JSLPSgrowth plans roll out in the coming years, the
internalstrengths which JSLPS can leverage to address them,and the
new capacities which may be required to bedeveloped. Such an
assessment, it is hoped, will helpJSLPS in its growth, as well as
enable XLRI to identifyareas in which it can assist JSLPS.
XIMB's online knowledge repository reaches600 resourcesXIMB's
online livelihoods knowledge repository whichwas launched in March
2014 to host training resourcesfor livelihoods promotion, has since
receivedsubmissions from several stakeholders periodically.
Thenumber of resources available in this open repositoryhas risen
from a little over a 100 in March 2014 to 600resources in March
2015.The most recent additions to the repository come fromvarious
sources including journals like Economic andPolitical Weekly, IRMAs
International Journal of Rural
News updates from the Livelihoods MANTHAN consortium
5
Management, multilateral organizations like UNDP,ILO and the
World Bank, leading livelihood promotingorganizationss like
Sahbhagi Shikshan Kendra, AgaKhan Development Network, SEWA Academy
andlivelihood missions like JEEViKA, RMOL and Aajeevika.Explore the
repository here
XLRIs 5Day Training Workshop onManagerial Skills for BPMs of
JSLPSThe Jharkhand State Livelihoods Promotion Society(JSLPS) is
aiming to scale up its operations from thecurrent 2940 blocks 120
blocks in the next 2 years,eventually covering all 259 blocks in
the 24 districtsby 201920. Since the blocks are the first
touchpointwith the community, the role and skills of the
BlockProgram Managers (BPMs) are critical to the successof the
mission.
In this context, JSLPS invited XLRI to design andorganize a
customized training program for the BPMs.To design the training,
Profs Manish Singhal andMadhukar held discussions with the COO and
the stateHR team about the need for the program.Subsequently, they
also participated in the WriteShop at Puri, and visited blocks and
held discussionswith officers from different cadres and
withcommunity members to understand the requirementsand challenges
of BPMs role. Based on these inputs, acustomized residential
workshop on Skills forManagerial Effectiveness was designed and
organizedat XLRI during November 2428, 2014. The workshopwas
attended by 26 BPMs and Block Anchor Persons.
LIVEwire April 2015
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Mobilizing a community and ensuringparticipation: an
experience
Shubhram Goswami, XIMB Alumnus and formerJEEViKA Young
Professional, shares his experiences of
forming a Producer Group in a small village in Bihar.
Mehsi is a very small town and a block in EastChamparan district
in Bihar, situated at a distance ofaround 48 km from Motihari, the
district headquarters.There are 90 villages divided into 13 Gram
panchayatsin the block. In a district known for its rice
productionMehsi stands out as a case where traditional villagebased
livelihoods are not solely dependent on cropcultivation but are
diversified into activities such as litchicultivation, beekeeping
and oyster shell button makingcraft.
JEEViKA started its activities in Mehsi block byestablishing the
Block Project Implementation Unit(BPIU) in March 2014. The process
of mobilizing womeninto Self Help Groups (SHG) along with the
process offinancial inclusion and capitalization then ensued.
Bythen, we identified Bathna village of Bakhri Nazirpanchayat as
the one village where we will pilot ourintervention to organize the
small shell button makingcraftsmen into a community owned and
managedenterprise. It was decided that this would be an
informalgroup (not registered) known as a Producer Group (PG).In
JEEViKA such groups generally consists of 40120members, the size
depending on the nature of activity.Such a group or its federated
form may get registeredas a Cooperative Society or a Producers
Company (PC)at a later stage once it attains certain
maturity.Bathna has around 6570 households who are involvedin the
shell button making craft today. A few of these
households have small factories with 1015 cuttingmachines, a
couple of holing and sharpeningmachines and employs around 1015
labourers on adaily basis. However, several households with
35machines do not use them and there are otherhouseholds which own
1 or 2 machines with theowner operating them.
The village consists of four Tolas namely theHarijan Tola,
Muslim Tola, Barhai Tola (SC) andKhuswaha Tola (BC). However it is
to be noted thateach community inhabiting each Tola is
nothomogeneous economically. In general people fromthe Khuswaha
Tola might be better off in comparisonto Harijan Tola and Muslim
Tola but the poor inKhuswaha Tola has more in common with
theircounterparts in the other two Tolas in terms of accessto means
of production and network, to move up theeconomic ladder.The
importance of understanding the interests of eachclass and the
interclasscommunity dynamics evenwithin an apparently closely knit
community, theirinterdependencies and power relations became
clearwhen we began mobilizing them in to a singleProducer Group
(PG).The first challenge was to form a PG with the womenonly (as
per the NRLM mandate) while most activitiesinvolved in the craft
were performed by the malemembers of the households. We had to
independentlytalk to the male members, seek help from them intaking
forward the business but also request them toallow the women to own
and manage the formalactivities of the PG. Initially when we did
not get anencouraging response from the women during thefirst
orientation meeting, we had to call a meeting ofthe men involved in
the craft. (Contd.)
VVooiicceess ff rroomm tthhee ff iiee llddReports from
livelihood professionals in the field
6 LIVEwire April 2015
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Even in the Tola wise meetings that followed, we talkedto male
members. Subsequently on the day the PG wasformed, we invited only
the women to select the boardmembers. However, the men also turned
up and themale and female members almost sat in concentriccircles,
the latter forming the inner circle!Secondly, we realized that many
of the governmentinitiatives to revive the traditional cottage
industry havenot been successful because of a complete top
downapproach, alleged corruption and elite capture. Forinstance,
the service centre established by the DistrictIndustry Centre (DIC)
in Mehsi is supposed to be theproperty of the community, registered
as a society.However, the DICs budget, the machines and theplanning
of operations, practically seems to belong to afew elite who were
already controlling the trade withtheir resources and network.
Another service centre thatthe DIC planned was is in the village of
Bathna. Here, itwas decided that the service centre needs around
10%contribution from the community in a Rs. 1 croreproject. The
mostly poor members can never imaginecontributing such an amount
and its only 78 elitemembers of the community who become
boardmembers and decide the rules. Even these elitemembers are not
in a position to make up for thecommunity contribution. It was
difficult to understandwhy such grandiose plans are being made
without anydetailed field level study on the business and
strategiesto safeguard the interests of the small entrepreneur
andthe laborer.The reality is that the majority of the villagers do
notwant big money nor do they want to replace theirexisting means
and processes of production. They onlyneed financial support to get
raw material in time, tostart using the small machines that are
lying idle andmarketing support to avoid distress sales. Increase
inproduction, better value addition using improvedmachinery is the
priority of the comparatively big factoryowner at this moment.
However the small craftsmen aredependent on them for capital, raw
material andmarket, and they could not express their
prioritiesopenly. Since the expectations from the interventionwere
different for both sets of people, the villagers couldsee that
cooperation within a group will not be possible.The poorer
craftsmen were even more apprehensivebecause if the project brings
in modern machines, theyfeared that they may lose their existing
source of
income as well. It was only later that we were able toconvince
them that our first priority would be thesmall producer and
labourer, through privateconversations and 'Tola' wise meetings.
Thecomparatively bigger players remained suspicious anda few stayed
away. It is also to be noted that oneresourceful factory owner and
opinion maker from oneof the Tolas tried to dissuade the whole
communityfrom joining the PG, just to protect his own
interest.While the poorer community members listened to
himinitially, they later they joined the PG as the prioritiesbecame
clearer. While our role during the selectionprocess of the board
members or the office bearerswas only that of facilitators, we
could ensure thateach Tola is proportionately represented in the
Boardof Directors (BoD) and the three office bearers arealso one
from each Tola.
The members identified the different points in thevalue chain
where there can be intervention. It wasdecided that initially the
focus will be on buttons only.Investments in machines (that may be
owned andoperated collectively) for better quality
ornamentalproducts and so on can be thought about later, oncethe PG
gets going. Bulk procurement of dry shells wasidentified as one of
the first intervention that the PGcan take up.When the community
had to finally name theproducer group, they were very hesitant
because theywere unable to come up with a name which did notsound
religious, and the group had members fromboth Hindu and Muslim
communities. They finallyagreed to name it Moti Mala Uthpadak Samuh
(Pearland Necklaces Producer Group)!
PS: Shubhram reports that the PG is growing, albeit slowly.He is
now an RLMfellow attached to West Bengal SRLM.
VVooiicceess ff rroomm tthhee ff iiee llddReports from
livelihood professionals in the field
7 LIVEwire April 2015
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8 LIVEwire April 2015
CCoommmmuunnii ttyy EExxcchhaannggeeDialogue and debate in the
Livelihoods Learning e-Group
Workshop on livelihoods for students ofRGNIYDFollowed XIMB's
national workhop on livelihoodseducation in February 2015, Rajiv
Gandhi NationalInstitute of Youth Development (RGNIYD) organised
atwoday workshop on livelihoods for the MADevelopment Practice
students of RGNIYD. Theworkshop was facilitated by Dr Porag Shome
and MrKushal Ghosh of the Azim Premji University ResourceCentre, in
March 2015. Subsequently, the studentsunderwent field experience in
the ThondamanallurVillage in Kancheepuram District of Tamilnadu.
Theystayed along with Irula Tribal Community to understandthe
livelihood issues of the community and will continueto work with
them.Members of the LLG were happy to note that there isnow greater
collaboration across academic institutionson livelihoods education
and pedagogy.
APU seeks inputs for livelihoods andsustainability focused
educationRepresentatives of the Azim Premji University soughtinputs
from members of the Livelihood Learning Groupfor two separate
initiatives of the university. Dr. PoragShome requested inputs on
an effort to promotelivelihood education for professionals. Dr.
RadhaGopalan has been surveying general levels of interest
insustainability education so as to design a series ofcourses on
Sustainability. Readers may visit thefollowing links to participate
in the surveys and provideinputs for the design of the courses.
Survey on Livelihoods Education
Survey on Sustainability Education
Online courses on forest based livelihoods indeveloping
countriesDr. Ajit Janitkar invited LLG members to explore an
edXMOOC (Massive Online Open Course) on Forests andLivelihoods in
Developing Countries. Thisinterdisciplinary course explores the
complexinteractions between poverty, rural livelihoods, andforest
resources in developing countries including India.The six week long
course also has three crosscuttingthemes (gender, tenure and forest
rights, and climatechange) spanning all the modules. As a
participant in
the course, Dr. Ajit suggested that academics andlivelihood
promoters in India could explore thepossibilities of providing
MOOCs for an Indiaspecificcontext by and for livelihood
professionals in India.Explore the online course here
Expansion of Deshpande Foundationssandbox ecosystemNeelam
Maheshwari announced that DeshpandeFoundations Sandbox Ecosystem is
now being replicatedacross three states including North West
Karnataka,Western Uttar Pradehs and Telangana. She invited
LLGmembers to join and help in supporting responsibleNGOs,
incubation of social entrepreneurs and promotethe Foundations
skilling program. LLG members wererequested to participate in
further expansion of theregional sandbox by engaging as resource
persons tostrengthen positive impact.Read more about the sandbox
ecosystem here
Experiences from the Livelihoods AsiaSummit 2014ACCESS
Development Services organized the first everLivelihoods Asia
Summit at New Delhi betweenDecember 10 and 11, 2014. The Summit
proved to be aunique platform to facilitate an exchange of ideas
andunderstanding on livelihoods enhancement of the poor.More than
500 stakeholders from about 10 Asiancountries, including policy
makers, practitioners,academia, researchers,
multilateral/bilateraldevelopment agencies and private sector
companieswere a part of the Summit with over 50 eminent
thoughtleaders and sector specialists speaking across
variouspanels.
Several LLG members were involved in the Summit aspanelists and
participants. Post the Summit, many ofthem appreciated the
diversity of ideas shared duringthe event, particularly the rich
set of publicationsreleased. It was hoped that different actors in
thelivelihoods ecosystem take some leads and insights fromthe
Livelihoods Asia Summit and carry forward thedialogue in other
places.
Some of the presentations can be downloaded here
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9 LIVEwire April 2015
NNeewwss WWaattcchhLivelihoods related news and updates in the
media
CECs SWAR technology emerges globalchampionKS Gopal, Director of
the Centre for EnvironmentConcerns (CEC) emerged as the global
winner in theClimate Challenge, an international competition
onagricultural and forestry innovations to address climatechange.
This competition was organized by the FrenchDevelopment Agency
(AFD) and the AgriculturalResearch Centre for International
Development (Cirad).KS Gopals unique innovation, SWAR (System of
Waterfor Agriculture Rejuvenation), was one of 12 majorprojects
selected from 150 preselected applicationsaround the world. KS
Gopal emerged victorious at thefinal round held at the
International AgricultureExposition in Paris on 26 February 2015.
AFD and CIRADwill now collaborate with CEC on a mutually
developedresearch agenda.Trials with SWAR have proved successful in
rainfedareas of Andhra Pradesh and now CEC has been taskedwith
installing SWAR on trial basis in Ethiopia and Chadleading to
multifield trials to measure the uniquefeatures of moisture spread
and root growth in SWAR.Watch KS Gopal talk about SWAR here
PRADAN wins TOI Social Impact Award 2015for contribution to
livelihoodsPRADAN was recognized as the best NGO contributing
tolivelihoods promotion in India by the 2015 Times ofIndia Social
Impact Awards. PRADAN was appreciatedfor its contribution to lakhs
of families in the poorestregions by helping them grow more, market
theiragricultural produce, and set up microenterprises andselfhelp
groups. Further, PRADAN was chosenparticularly for its presence in
the most difficult areas ofcentral India. Its scale of operations,
the commitment ofworkers, ability to produce results and various
efforts tocollaborate with the government came in for
particularpraise.Read about PRADAN's impact in TOI here
BAIF's publications on AmazonBAIF Development and Research
Foundation haspublished a rich catalogue of useful resources in
Englishand other languages over the decades. While thepublications
have been available for sale on request,BAIF has recently taken the
step of making the
publications available on Amazon. With this initiative,some of
the most valued resources on ruraldevelopment can be purchased
online with ease. Theresources can be procured through various
modes ofpayment on Amazon.Browse and buy BAIF's books on Amazon
here
WB announces rural inclusive growth projectfor Andhra PradeshIn
December 2014, the World Bank announced a $75million credit for the
Andhra Pradesh Rural InclusiveGrowth Project to enhance
agricultural incomes of smalland marginal farmers and ensure
increased access toservices related to health, nutrition,
sanitation and socialentitlements. The project will focus on
increasingeconomic opportunities for small and marginal
farmers,especially from Scheduled Caste (SC) and ScheduledTribe
(ST) households in the 150 most backwardmandals. It will invest in
developing a network of socialenterprises for food, nutrition,
sanitation and othersocial enterprises which operate at community
anddistrict level. It will also support the Government ofAndhra
Pradesh in its efforts at creating an enablingpolicy framework,
with real time analytics across sectorsthrough the various missions
established by them.Read more about the project here
India and WB sign agreement for sustainablelivelihoods and
adaptation to climate changeThe Government of India and the World
Bank signed agrant agreement for assistance of US$ 8 million
forSustainable Livelihoods and Adaptation to ClimateChange (SLACC)
Project in February 2015. The SLACCproject is envisaged to help
community institutions ofthe rural poor, particularly women
farmers, to fosterimproved resilience in collaboration with
governmentprograms such as MKSP and MGNREGS. The projectaims to
improve adaptive capacity of the rural poorengaged in farmbased
livelihoods to cope with climatevariability and change in Bihar and
Madhya Pradesh andscale up the demonstrated best practices and
lessonsinto the Government of Indias National RuralLivelihoods
Mission. National Rural Livelihoods Missionis the implementing
agency.Read more about the initiative here
-
Do you have events, research or publications to share in this
newsletter?
Are you looking to collaborate with others?
Would you like to be part of the Livelihoods Learning
e-Group?
Email us at [email protected]. in
If you have any comments or feedback on this newsletter, please
email us; we would be
happy to refine and innovate in future editions ofLIVEwire.
Editorial Team
Joseph Satish V
C Shambu Prasad
Produced by
Xavier Institute of Management,
Xavier Square,
Bhubaneswar - 751 013
Odisha, INDIA
Ph: + 91 -674-6647 720
Email: [email protected]
Web: http://livelihoods-manthan.net/
(for private circulation only)
ILRT's 5 day program on 'Integrating ValueChains in Farmers
Producer Organizations'The Institute of Livelihood Research and
Training (ILRT)is organizing this program from May 5 to 9, 2015
inBhopal. The course has been designed after an indepthsituational
analysis and training needs assessment ofLivelihood Promoting
Organizations (LPOs) with bothgovernment and nongovernment
institutions involved inFPO promotion and value chain development
activities.The course aims at building perspectives on
systematicprocess and effective measures for integrating
valuechains in FPOs. The course will help the participants
toenhance their awareness and skills to enable the FPOs toactively
get into the value chain activities.Read more about the training
program here
IRMA Impact Evaluation Summer School
The fundamental challenge for program evaluation isto establish
a causal link between interventions andoutcomes. Impact evaluation
is increasinglyrecognized as an important part of the
evaluationtoolkit. IRMA is conducting this training program fromMay
18 to 23, 2015 to build research capacity inimpact evaluation. The
primary objective of thetraining program is to introduce
participants to majorquasiexperimental techniques and develop
researchskills to use them.
Read about the summer school here
EEvveenntt SSccaannUpcoming livelihoods events across the
nation
10 LIVEwire April 2015
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11 LIVEwire April 2015