Little League District 17 – Safety Clinic Instructor: Mark A. Johnson EMT January 2009
Dec 31, 2015
Little LeagueDistrict 17 – Safety Clinic
Instructor:
Mark A. JohnsonEMT
January 2009
IntroductionIntroduction✔ Baseball is the second most commonly played
team sport in the United States.
✔ Over 160,000 kids under the age of 15, are treated annually in the ER for Baseball/Softball related injuries.
✔ Injuries from thrown balls are the most common.
✔ 50% of youth pitchers will sustain an injury during the season.
Legal Aspects Legal Aspects . Good Samaritan Law: Prevents a rescuer who has
voluntarily helped a stranger in need from being sued for ‘ wrongdoing’
. Consent: You need permission from the patient. If the patient is a minor get permission from the parent or legal guardian.
. Implied Consent: Permission to help an unresponsive Patient is assumed.
TopicsTopics
✔ Universal Precautions
✔ First Aid
✔ Proper Techniques for Warm-up/Stretching
✔ Specific Baseball Related Injuries
✔ Minimizing Risk of injury for Pitchers
Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions
✔ Universal precautions is a way to limit the spread of disease by preventing contact with blood and body fluids.
✔ . Use PPE ( disposable gloves, eye protection, Mouth shield).
Assess Scene, Assess Victim, Alert EMSAssess Scene, Assess Victim, Alert EMS
✔ Survey scene to ensure your safety
✔ Check your victim
✔ Call 911 (give description of emergency and location)
✔ Provide appropriate care until EMS arrives
Survey the SceneSurvey the Scene
✔Determine if the scene is safe
✔Determine cause of accident
✔Determine number of victims/bystanders✔NEVER MOVE THE VICTIM (unless immediate life-threatening danger)
Assess VictimAssess Victim✔ Assess level of consciousness
✔ Check for an open airway
✔ Check for breathing
✔ Check for heartbeat
✔ Check for bleeding
Airway, Breathing, CirculationAirway, Breathing, Circulation
✔ Kneel next to victim's head
✔ DO NOT remove safety gear!
✔ Stabilize head and neck
✔ LOOK, LISTEN & FEEL
✔ Chin Lift
✔ Rescue breath (if unnecessary)
✔ Check for signs of life
Sudden IllnessSudden Illness
✔ Confusion or LOC✔ Difficulty breathing✔ Chest pain/pressure✔ Abdominal pain
➢ Severe headache➢ Slurred speech➢ Vomiting➢ Seizures
Care For Sudden IllnessCare For Sudden Illness
✔ Vomiting- place on side
✔ LOC - lay flat and elevate feet
✔ Seizing - Nothing in mouth keep patient from harm
✔ Call “911”
Specific AlimentsSpecific Aliments
✔ Sudden Illness✔ Diabetes✔ Asthma✔ Shock✔ Wounds✔ Burns
➢ Musculoskeletal➢ Choking➢ Poisoning➢ Bites/Stings➢ Heat related injuries
DiabetesDiabetes
✔Type I and Type II✔Eat small meals prior to practice/games✔Identify symptoms
✔Dizziness, Drowsiness, Confusion, Cool skin, diaphoretic and rapid pulse
✔If conscious – give oral sugar✔Call “911”
AsthmaAsthma
✔ Constriction of airways
✔ Exercise, Environment or Stress induced
✔ Bring Inhaler to practice/games
✔ Stop physical activity, sit in cool place, use inhaler
✔ Call “911”
ShockShock
✔ Life threatening condition✔ Severe bleeding✔ Injury✔ Sudden illness✔ Without proper treatment (death may occur)
Signs of ShockSigns of Shock
✔ Restlessness or irritability✔ Altered LOC✔ Cool, pale and diaphoretic✔ Rapid breathing✔ Rapid pulse
Care for ShockCare for Shock
✔ Call “911” immediately✔ Lay flat, elevate feet ✔ Control bleeding✔ Prevent over heating✔ Nothing to drink
WoundsWounds
✔ Avulsion – a portion of skin is torn away.
BruiseBruise
✔ Bleeding occurs under the skin causing discoloration and swelling
LacerationLaceration
✔ Split in the skin by a sharp object.
PuncturePuncture
✔ Piercing of the skin by a sharp object
AbrasionAbrasion
✔ A portion of the skin is rubbed or scrapped away.
Caring for Minor WoundCaring for Minor Wound
✔ ALWAYS use latex gloves when caring for wounds
✔ If risk of splashing – wear protective glasses
✔ Stop bleeding, by applying pressure with clean dry cloth
✔ If bleeding persists, raise wound above heart level
Caring For A Major WoundCaring For A Major Wound
✔ Remember to wear gloves and protective glasses✔ Cover wound with a clean dressing, press firmly✔ Elevate wound above heart level✔ Cover clean dressing with roll bandage✔ If persists, apply 2nd bandage✔ Call “911”
Special Problems . . . Special Problems . . .
✔ Impales Object✔ Splinters✔ Nosebleeds✔ Oral Injury✔ Avulsion of Tooth✔ Amputations
Things to Remember w/WoundsThings to Remember w/Wounds
✔Always wear protective gloves and eyewear✔Call “911” if:
✔ bleeding is bright red and spurts✔ Wound is very deep and large✔ Victim is in sever pain✔ Can not wash the debris from the wound✔ The wound needs stitches
BurnsBurns
✔ Solar Radiation
Burns
Solar Radiation BurnsSolar Radiation Burns
✔ Cool the Burn✔ Protect burn by
staying out of the sun✔ Use SPF 15 or greater
sun screen✔ Cover burned areas
Musculoskeletal InjuriesMusculoskeletal Injuries
✔ Over 200 Bones, over 600 muscles✔ Sprain✔ Strain✔ Growth plate injuries✔ Dislocation✔ Fracture
Muscle CrampsMuscle Cramps
✔ May be sign of heat exhaustion✔ May be due to electrolyte imbalance✔ May be due to dehydration✔ Improper condition✔ Treat with rest, massage area and gentle
stretching
SprainSprain
✔ Tearing of the ligaments at a joint
✔ The joint swells and is painful
✔ Treat with ice initially
➢ Rest joint ➢ Continue rest even if
symptoms are gone➢ inadequate rest may
cause chronic re-injury
StrainStrain
✔ A stretching and/or partial tearing of muscle or tendons
✔ May be caused by working the muscle to hard
✔ Treat with ice initially
➢ Rest joint ➢ Continue rest even if
symptoms are gone➢ inadequate rest may
cause chronic re-injury
Growth Plate InjuryGrowth Plate Injury
✔ May be avulsion, fracture or contusion
✔ Exhibits swelling, tenderness and pain
✔ Treat with ice
✔ Rest
✔ If fracture or avulsion is suspected refer to MD
DislocationDislocation
✔ Joint deformity (may be obvious)
✔ Unable to move affected area
✔ DO NOT REDUCE
✔ Keep immobile
✔ Call parents for transport to hospital
FractureFracture✔For minor fracture
✔ Splint, ice, elevation, all parent to transport to hospital
✔For major fracture✔ Do not move patient✔ If open fracture – place gauze over expose bone✔ Call “911”✔ Apply ice
✔DO NOT REDUCE
ChokingChoking
✔ If conscious, Heimlich maneuver
✔ If unconscious, chest compressions
PoisonPoison
✔ Ingestion
✔ Inhalation
✔ Absorption
Poisoning By IngestionPoisoning By Ingestion
✔ Call “911” or Poison Control✔ Signs - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chest pain,
burns around lips✔ Determine type of poison✔ Do not give anything to eat or drink unless
instruct my EMT
Poison by InhalationPoison by Inhalation
✔ Call “911” or Poison Control
✔ Signs – pale or bluish skin
✔ Remove victim from toxic fumes ASAP
Insect StingsInsect Stings✔ If stung by bee – remove
stinger
✔ Wash area with soap and water
✔ Cover to keep clean
✔ Apply ice to reduce swelling
✔ Apply hydrocortisone cream
✔ Troubling breathing – Call “911”
SpidersSpiders✔Only (2) spiders in US are poisonous
✔ Black Widow✔ Brown Recluse✔ Symptoms – nausea, vomiting,
difficulty breathing, sweating and sever pain
✔ If suspected stung by one of these spiders, wash wound, apply ice & call “911”
Snake BitesSnake Bites
✔ (4) Kinds: Rattlesnake, Water moccasin, copperhead & Coral Snake
✔ Call “911”
✔ Wash wound, immobilize area and keep lower than heart
✔ DO NOT apply ice, cut wound or apply tourniquet
Animal BitesAnimal Bites
✔ Wash area with soap and water
✔ Apply dry dressing✔ DO NOT try to catch
animal✔ If suspect rabid
animal – call “911”
Heat Related IllnessesHeat Related Illnesses
✔ Heat cramps
✔ Heat exhaustion
✔ Heat stroke✔ In hot weather, provide break at
least twice a hour
✔ Allow athletes to drink water at will
✔ NEVER DENY water
Heat CrampsHeat Cramps
✔Painful muscle spasms✔Occur from a combination of water and salt loss✔Tend to occur in the legs and the abdomen
✔ Have victim rest in cool place✔ Provide with cool water✔ Stretch muscle gently and massage area✔ May resume activity once cramp ceases
Heat ExhaustionHeat Exhaustion
✔Blood flow to skin increases, blood flow to vital organ decreases✔ Victim goes into mild shock✔Symptoms:
✔ Normal to below temperature, pale, moist cool skin, headache and exhaustion
✔ Have victim rest in cool place, provide water and void further activity
Heat StrokeHeat Stroke✔ Occurs when heat
exhaustion symptoms are overlooked
✔ Sweating stops
✔ Body temperature rises
✔ Signs: hot, red, dry skin rapid weak pulse, shallowing breathing
➢ Move to cool area, cool water and CALL “911”
➢ Ice to waists, ankles and armpit
➢ DO NOT apply rubbing alcohol
➢ Give 4 oz of H2O every 15
min.
Proper HydrationProper Hydration✔ Avoid sport drinks prior to or
during practice/game
✔ Drinks: Water or Propel
✔ Avoid red drinks
✔ Avoid soda or caffeinated beverages
✔ Ask players to drink water prior to game/practice
Proper Techniques for warm up/stretching
. Do not bounce during stretching. Stretch each muscle for 10 to 15 sec
. Light jog before game
Baseball Related Injuries
. Ankles. Knees
. Shoulders. Rib cage
. Feet Early in the season due to shoes
Risk Of Injury For Pitchers
. Pitch count. Proper Warm Up
. Ice after the game Elbow and Shoulder
Thank You
Have A great Season