Literature-related discovery (LRD): Lessons learned, and future research directions Ronald N. Kostoff a , Joel A. Block b , Jeffrey L. Solka c , Michael B. Briggs d , Robert L. Rushenberg e , Jesse A. Stump f , Dustin Johnson g , Terence J. Lyons h , Jeffrey R. Wyatt i Technological Forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 276–299 a Office of Naval Research, 875 N. Randolph St., Arlington, VA 22217, USA b Section of Rheumatology, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison St., Suite 1017, Chicago, IL 60612, USA c Naval Surface Weapons Center Dahlgren Division, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, USA, d Arlington, VA 22204, USA e DDL-OMNI Engineering, LLC, 8260 Greensboro Drive, McLean, VA 22102, USA, f Catonsville, MD 21228, USA, g Arlington, VA 22201, USA h Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA 22203, USA i DDL-OMNI Engineering, LLC, 8260 Greensboro Drive, McLean, VA 22102, USA Kathleen Padova, November 18, 2014
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Literature-related discovery (LRD): Lessons learned, and future research directions Ronald N. Kostoff a, Joel A. Block b, Jeffrey L. Solka c, Michael B.
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Literature-related discovery (LRD): Lessons learned, and future research directions
Ronald N. Kostoff a, Joel A. Block b, Jeffrey L. Solka c, Michael B. Briggs d, Robert L. Rushenberg
e, Jesse A. Stump f, Dustin Johnson g, Terence J. Lyons h, Jeffrey R. Wyatt i
Technological Forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 276–299
a Office of Naval Research, 875 N. Randolph St., Arlington, VA 22217, USAb Section of Rheumatology, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison St., Suite 1017, Chicago, IL 60612, USAc Naval Surface Weapons Center Dahlgren Division, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5100, USA, d Arlington, VA 22204, USAe DDL-OMNI Engineering, LLC, 8260 Greensboro Drive, McLean, VA 22102, USA, f Catonsville, MD 21228, USA, g Arlington, VA 22201, USAh Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA 22203, USAi DDL-OMNI Engineering, LLC, 8260 Greensboro Drive, McLean, VA 22102, USA
Kathleen Padova, November 18, 2014
PublicationTechnological Forecasting & Social Change v75 i2 (2008) - Literature-Related Discovery - Edited by Ronald N. Kostoff• Literature-Related Discovery (LRD): Introduction and background, (165 – 185) Ronald N. Kostoff• Literature-related discovery (LRD): Methodology (186 – 202) Ronald N. Kostoff, Michael B. Briggs,
Jeffrey L. Solka, Robert L. Rushenberg• Literature-related discovery (LRD): Potential treatments for Raynaud's Phenomenon (203 – 214),
Ronald N. Kostoff, Joel A. Block, Jesse A. Stump, Dustin Johnson• Literature-related discovery (LRD): Potential treatments for cataracts (215 – 225) Ronald N.
Ronald N. Kostoff, Michael B. Briggs• Literature-related discovery (LRD): Potential treatments for Multiple Sclerosis (239 – 255) Ronald
N. Kostoff, Michael B. Briggs, Terence J. Lyons• Literature-related discovery (LRD): Water purification (256-275) Ronald N. Kostoff, Jeffrey L.
Solka, Robert L. Rushenberg, Jeffrey A. Wyatt• Literature-related discovery (LRD): Lessons learned, and future research directions (276 - 299)
Ronald N. Kostoff, Joel A. Block, Jeffrey L. Solka, Michael B. Briggs, Robert L. Rushenberg, Jesse A. Stump, Dustin Johnson, Terence J. Lyons, Jeffrey R. Wyatt
Post-publication
• Literature-related discovery, Annual Review of Information Science and Technology Volume 43, Issue 1, pages 1–71, (2009)
• Literature-related discovery: Potential treatments and preventatives for SARS, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, (2011)
• Literature-related discovery and innovation — update, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 79 (2012)
• Literature-related discovery techniques applied to ocular disease: a vitreous restoration example, Current opinion in ophthalmology, (2013)
• Literature-related discovery: Common factors for Parkinson's Disease and Crohn's Disease, Scientometrics (2014)
• Literature-related discovery and innovation: Chronic kidney disease, Technological Forecasting and Social Change in progress (Nov 2014)
• Neurological disease• Auto-immune disease• Variety of symptoms• No cure• No known cause
Multiple Sclerosis Study Goals
1. Prevent the occurrence, or reduce the progression rate, or stop the progression, or maybe even reverse the progression, of MS
2. Demonstrate they could solve LRD problem with no prior knowledge of results or prior work
3. Generate large amounts of potential discoveries in less time
Multiple Sclerosis Study Approach
• Retrieve Core MS Literature– Query “Multiple Sclerosis”
• Directly related literature– demyelination and remyelination; indirect
autoimmune contributors to inflammation/blood–brain barrier; direct autoimmune contributors to inflammation; myelin basic protein, and viruses, diagnostic, treatment, symptoms, etc
• Auto-correlation maps and factor matrix analysis
((demyelinate* OR remyelinat* OR “myelin sheath pathology” OR (“myelin sheath” AND (damage OR degenerate*)) OR “axonal loss” OR “axonal destruction” OR (oligodendrocyte* AND (apoptosis OR death OR degenerate* OR damage OR dystrophy)) OR (oligodendroglia* AND (apoptosis OR destruct* OR loss))) OR (“blood–brain barrier”AND (disruption OR “ell adhesion”OR “ctivated lymphocyte*”OR “dhesion molecule*”OR (lymphocyte* AND trafficking) OR breakdown OR transmigration OR dissolution)))) NOT “multiple sclerosis”
Multiple Sclerosis Results
• Non-drug concepts within MS Core literature– Vitamin D– Green Tea– Qeuecetin– Caloric Restriction– Synthetic metal ion chelators– Specific herbal ingredients
• Non-drug potential discovery concepts in the directly related literature– Kalpaamruthaa – rheumatoid arthritis– Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge – atherosclerosis– Inchinko TJ-135 - hepatitis
Multiple Sclerosis LRD Summary
• Synergy of lifestyle/dietary practices• Non-discovery –
– Vitamin D, dietary chelators, caloric restriction, complement-inhibitory herbs, Nigella sativa oil, green tea, and quercetin
Tiliroside, Gnaphaliin, Cissus quadrangularis extract, Kalpaamruthaa, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Inchinko TJ-135, Silymarin, Edaravone, Sopoongsan, and Artemesia iwayomogi
• Disconnection between mainstream and major medical websites/journal review papers (core MS literature) and related literature
Limitations of Approach to MS Study
• Not all possible semantic categories identified
• Relatively few terms selected from the queries
• Not all retrieved records were examined
• Skipped citations linking
Lessons Learned*
• Selecting the most important concepts from extremely large volumes of potential discovery retrieval
• Topical specialist(s) working closely with information technologist(s)
• Functional query with clustering and semantic filtering
• Bibliographic coupling • Literature deficiencies major obstacle to progress– Skewing of technical literature – treatment over cause– Under-estimation of prior art
Literature-related discovery and innovation — update
• Technological Forecasting & Social Change 79 (2012) 789–800
• Ronald N. Kostoff – Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Public Policy
Literature-related discovery and innovation — update
• Literature-Related Discovery and Innovation (LRDI)
• Compared results of previous LRDI study on MS to a documented reversal of MS– The Wahls Protocol: How I Beat Progressive MS
Using Paleo Principles and Functional Medicine By Terry Wahls M.D., Eve Adamson
Literature-related discovery and innovation — update
• Past LRDI study identified potential causes and potential non-drug treatments
• Dr. Wahls’ diet could have been obtained from 2007 literature set
• Literature never mentioned nutrition components in conjunction with MS
• One of Dr Wahl’s treatments (NMES) was not strong in literature
• LRDI itself is not provable, Dr. Wahls was personally affected to follow treatment – ‘skin-in-the-game’
Discussion
• The LRD techniques presented by Kostoff were still manually intensive, the techniques presented by Spangler, et al. were more systematic - how much human element can be offloaded to computers?
• Kostoff’s LRDI techniques strongly depends on controlled language and he discussed techniques for studying topics without a controlled vocabulary/taxonomy – are there other approaches?