LISTED ON 19.07.2021 Section - LawBeat

LISTED ON 19.07.2021 Section- X

IN THE SUPREME COURTOF INDIA CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION CIVIL 434 OF 2021

IN THE MATTER OF:

ABHISHEK ANAND SINHA AND ORS. ….PETITIONERS

V/S

UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. …..RESPONDENTS

AND IN THE MATTER OF

SHAMBHU SHARAN KUMAR

AND ORS. …APPLICANTS/RESPONDENTS

INDEX FOR FILING

S.No. Particulars Copies Court Fees 1. AN APPLICATION FOR

IMPLEADMENT

1+3 100

2. ANNEXURES 1+3

3. VAKALATNAMA 90

FILED BY

MALVIKA KAPILA ADVOCATE FOR APPLICANTS/ IMPLEADERS

4, TODARMAL LANE, BENGALI MARKET, NEW DELHI-110001 MOB-9810400283

[email protected] AOR-2737

DATE-16.07.2021 PLACE- NEW DELHI

BIKKU KUMAR I. CARD NO. 6179, MOB-8700217316

https://www.merriam-webster.com/legal/impleader

https://www.merriam-webster.com/legal/impleader

mailto:[email protected]

IN THE SUPREME COURTOF INDIA CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION CIVIL 434 OF 2021

IN THE MATTER OF:

ABHISHEK ANAND SINHA AND ORS. ….PETITIONERS

V/S

UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. …..RESPONDENTS




INDEX

S.NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

1. AN APPLICATION FOR IMPLEADMENT WITH SUPPORTING AFFIDAVIT

1-12

2. ANNEXURE-1 A copy of the Order dated 30.09.2020 passed by this Hon’ble Court in Writ Petition (C) No. 1012/2020.

13-19

3 ANNEXURE-2 A copy of the Order dated 26.10.2020 passed by this Hon’ble Court in Writ Petition (C) No. 1130/2020.

20-21

4. ANNEXURE-3 A copy of the judgment dated 24.02.2021 passed by this Hon’ble Court in Writ Petition (C) No. 1410/2020

22- 61

5. ANNEXURE -4 A copy of the Civil Service Examination Rules 2021 framed by Respondent No.1 and published in the Extraordinary Gazette on 04.03.2021

62-66

6. ANNEXURE-5 A copy of the Examination Notice bearing No. 04 I 2021 – CSP dated 04.03.2021 issued by Respondent No.2

67-227

7. PROOF OF SERVICE 228

ADVOCATE OF APPLICANTS/IMPLEADERS: MALVIKA KAPILA

IN THE SUPREME COURTOF INDIA

CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

I.A. NO. OF 2021

IN

WRIT PETITION (C) NO.434 OF 2021

IN THE MATTER OF:

ABHISHEK ANAND SINHA & ORS. ….PETITIONERS

V/S

UNION OF INDIA AND ANR. …..RESPONDENTS




Sr. No.

Before High Court

Before this Hon’ble Court

1. Shambhu Sharan KumarS/o Anil Kumar SinghAged about 32 yrT-296, 2nd Floor righ side road no. 20,west Patel Nagar, New Delhi-110008

No Party Impleader No.1/ Respondent

2. Gaurav Kumar ThakurS/o Kabindra Thakur aged about 32 yr Singh Niwas South Chandmari Road, Kankarbagh, Patna- 800020


3. Alok kumar RaiS/o Shashi Prakash Rai aged about 32 yr R/o 53, Raidopur New Basti, Azamgarh (UP) 276001


1

4. Ruchi Awasthy D/o Ravishankar Ravi aged about 33 yr R/o E-404, Prashanti Pride Apt, Tarun Nagar,Guwahati-781005


5. Vikram Yadav S/o Sukrampal Yadav aged about 36 yr R/o B-6 Police Station Subzi Mandi, Delhi 110007.


6. Atul Raut S/o Ashok Aged about 35 yr Wagholi, TQ Dist. Osmanabad, Maharashtra.


7. Chandra Shekher Chauhan S/o Tukkar Chauhan Aged about 36 yr Flat 2A, Namita Appartment, 535A, PK Guha Road, Dumdum, Kolkata-700028


8. Rakesh Kumar Pandey S/o Gaya Prasad Pandey Aged about 33 yr Vill- Ranipurdurvasa, Post- Nandekuwan, Tehsil- Harraiya, District- Basti, Uttar Pradesh


9. Anumalla Vinay S/o Anumalla Krishna Aged about 36 yr House no 1-1-160, Near ATM hospital, Madhuranagar, District: Jagtial-505327


2

APPLICATION FOR IMPLEADMENT/INTERVETION

To,

The Hon’ble Chief Justice Of India

And His Companion Judges Of

The Hon’ble Supreme Court Of India

Humble Application of The Applicant

/Applicant Above Named

MOST RESPECTFULLY SHOWETH:

1. The present Application is filed by the Applicants seeking leave of this

Hon'ble Court to permit them to implead themselves in Writ Petition

(Civil) No. 434/2021. The Applicants are interested parties and will

directly be affected by the outcome of the present writ petition.

2. That W.P.(C) No.434 of 2021 has been filed by aspirants of Civil

Services Examination who did not take the said exam in the year 2020.

The Petitioners therein are seeking relaxation in the Civil Service

Examination Rules 2021, thereby allowing them to appear for and take

the Civil Services Examination 2021. The contents of the petition may be

read as a part and parcel of the present application and the same are not

repeated herein for the sake of brevity.

3. That the present Applicants are Civil Service aspirants who wish to join

the highly respected public services. It is the case of the Applicants that

their last attempt to appear for the Civil Service Examination on ground

of becoming age barred was in 2020. The Applicants appeared for the

examination on 04.10.2020 despite lack of preparation and under

emergent circumstances, since it was their final attempt in terms of age.

The details of the Applicants are as follows:

3

PARTICULARS OF THE

APPLICANTS

DESCRIPTION OF THE

DIFFICULTIES

SHAMBHU SHARAN

KUMAR

The Applicant belongs to an

extremely poor family and is a son of

a farmer. The Applicanthad lost job

during the pandemic.

GAURAV KUMAR THAKUR The Applicant’s father suffered from

severe illness and could not get

proper treatment owing to the

pandemic and the lockdown. The

Applicant’s succumbed to his fatal

condition on 29.08.2020.

ALOK KUMAR RAI The Applicant and his family had

tested covid positive and were

mandatorily quarantined during

August-September 2020.

RUCHI AWASTHY The Applicant’s father being in

essential services and a frontline

worker had to continue rendering his

services. Consequently, many

colleagues of the Applicant’s father

tested COVID positive because of

which the Applicant along with her

family members had to quarantine

themselves just few days before the

exam in the month of September.

4

VIKRAM YADAV The Applicant along-with his family

tested Covid positive in September-

October 2020.

ATUL RAUT The Applicant works in Mathura

Refinery and because of Covid

Guidelines and shortfall of

manpower he could not avail leave

and had to take the exam with 3 days

leave only.

CHANDRA SHEKHAR

CHAUHAN

The Applicant’s locality in Kolkata

(Dumdum) was declared as

containment zone which cause

severe difficulty to him to prepare

for the exam.

RAKESH KUMAR PANDEY The Applicant was indefinitely stuck

at his village where basic facilities

were also not available. Therefore,

he could not get access to study

material and books as transportation

and courier services were suspended.

ANUMALLA VINAY The Applicant along with his wife

and mother tested Covid positive.

The Applicant is a father of a 6

months old baby and is the sole

bread earner of his family. The

Applicant also left his job only to

take the exam. At the present

moment he is without a job and his

5

family is totally dependent on him.

4. That the Civil Services Examination for the year 2020 was conducted

by the Respondent No. 2 (hereinafter referred to as CSE 2020). The Rules

for the said examination were notified by the Ministry of Personnel,

Public Grievances and Pensions (Department of Personnel and

Training). As per the said notification dated 12.02.2020 published

in the Official Gazette by the Respondent No.1, the preliminary

examination was to be held on 31.05.2020. However, on account

of the unprecedented Covid 19 pandemic, the Commission deferred the

CSE 2020 and further informed that the revised schedule of examination

would be notified at a later stage.

5. Thereafter,the Commission decided to conduct the preliminary examination

on 04.10.2020. In view of the hardships faced by several candidates

due to the pandemic, various representations were sent to the

Commission inter alia seeking postponement of examination, relaxation of

upper age limit etc. However, these representations fell on deaf ears.

6. That Writ Petition 1012/2020 was filed before this Hon’ble Court by

certain candidates seeking postponement of Examination 2020 along-with

a prayer for relaxation in upper age limit and an additional attempt. This

Hon’ble Court vide Order dated 30.09.2020 was not persuaded to issue a

direction to the Commission to defer the schedule of examination

and held the following:

“(iv) The fourth point raised before us is that some of the candidates may be giving last attempt and also likely to become agebarred for the next examination, and if such candidates are unable to appear in the examination due to Covid19 pandemic situation, it would cause great prejudice to them.

6

In this regard, we have impressed upon Mr. S.V. Raju, learned Additional Solicitor General appearing for the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW)and Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT)to explore the possibility of providing one more attempt to such candidates with corresponding extension of age limit. He has agreed to convey the sentiments of the Court to all concerned and to take a formal decision thereon expeditiously.”

Annexed hereto and marked as Annexure A-1 is a copy of the Order dated

30.09.2020 passed by this Hon’ble Court in Writ Petition (C) No.

1012/2020.

7. On 30.09.2020 Writ Petition(c) 1130/2020 was filed by another group of

UPSC candidates seeking similar reliefs. Vide order dated 26.10.2020, this

Hon’ble Court had held:

“The issue raised in this Writ Petition is under consideration of the

appropriate authority and in light of the observations made by this

Court in order dated 30.09.2020 in Writ Petition(C) No. 1012 of

2020, needful is being done in the matter.

As a result, it may not be appropriate to precipitate the matter

further. We leave it to the competent authorities to assuage the

grievance of the petitioners, as brought before this Court in the

present Writ Petition appropriately. If the proposed decision does not

fulfil the aspirations of the petitioners, it will be open to them to

challenge that part of the decision.”

Annexed hereto and marked as Annexure A/2 is a copy of the Order

dated 26.10.2020 passed by this Hon’ble Court in Writ Petition (C)

No. 1130/2020.

7

8. Thereafter on 04.10.2020, the CSE 2020 was conducted by the Respondent

No.2. It is pertinent that the Respondents had failed to provide any clarity to

with respect to age relaxation in terms of the Order dated 30.09.2020 passed

by this Hon’ble Court in Writ Petition1130/2020. In these circumstances,

the Applicants fearing it was their last chance, appeared for the examination

in spite of being confronted with innumerable constraints and lack of

adequate preparation.

9. Thereafter, another Writ Petition bearing No. 1410/2020 came to be filed

before this Hon’ble Court by certain candidates, who appeared for the

preliminary examination held on 04.10.2020. That none of the present

Applicants were a party to this Writ Petition.

10. During the pendency of the afore-mentioned writ petition, a decision was

taken by the Respondent No.1 to give a one-time restricted relaxation, to

only those candidates who appeared in CSE 2020 as their last

permissible attempt and were otherwise not age-barred. However, it

was further decided that no relaxation would be given to the candidates who

had not exhausted their permissible number of attempts or to those

candidates who were otherwise age-barred from appearing in CSE 2021.

11. The Writ Petition bearing No. 1410/2020 came to be dismissed by this

Hon’ble Court vide its judgment dated 24.02.2021. However, before parting

with the judgment, this Hon’ble Court made it clear that the said decision

would not restrict the executive in exercising its discretion if the situation so

calls for in the future. The relevant portion is extracted below:

“48. We, however, make it clear that this decision would not restrict the 1st respondent or the executive in exercising its discretion in meeting out the nature of difficulties as being projected to this Court, if come across in future in dealing with the situation, if required.”

8

Annexed hereto and marked as Annexure A/3 is a copy of the judgment

dated 24.02.2021 passed by this Hon’ble Court in Writ Petition (C) No.

1410/2020

12. On 04.03.2021 the Respondents have notified the rules for Civil Services

Examination 2021 and have chosen to not relax the age-eligibility criteria

for the examination in the current year. Pursuant thereto, certain candidates,

who did not appear in the Examination2020, filed the instant petition

impugning the aforesaid rules and the Examination Notice. It is submitted

that the Applicants are aggrieved by the Rules in as much as they have

failed to provide any age relaxation and/or an additional attempt to

candidates who crossed their upper age limit in the year 2020.

Annexed hereto and marked as Annexure A/4 is a copy of the Civil Service

Examination Rules 2021 framed by Respondent No.1 and published in the

Extraordinary Gazette on 04.03.2021

Annexed hereto and marked as Annexure A/5 is a copy of the Examination

Notice bearing No. 04 I 2021 – CSP dated 04.03.2021 issued by Respondent

No.2

13. That the present petition was listed before this Hon’ble Court on 19.04.2021

and the same was directed to be listed the week thereafter. It is submitted

that any decision taken in favour of the Petitioners would directly affect the

rights of the Applicants too. Although the Petitioners have attempted to

separate themselves from those group of candidates who appeared in

Examination 2020, that alone cannot be said to be a reasonable

classification.

14. It is submitted that the Applicants were severely affected by the sudden

onset of the pandemic and could not prepare well for the examination owing

to the hardships faced due to Covid 19. The Appellants are not seeking to set

aside the very conduct of the exams, but are only praying that in view of the

9

extra -ordinary, force majeure like situation, which was beyond the control

of any of the candidates one extra/additional attempt may be provided to

them for appearing in the subject examinations.

15. It is very well known that for any competitive examination, particularly the

Civil Services Examination, of such nature and seriousness, requires

rigorous preparation, especially during the months immediately preceding

the date of the examination, irrespective of availability of sufficient time for

preparation beforehand. It also needs to be stressed here that the measures

related to curbing the Covid 19 pandemic and the uncertainty attached to it,

had immense negative ramifications on the mental health of the candidates.

It was in these circumstances, coupled with lack of proper infrastructure,

poor preparation, lack of study materials, that the Applicants appeared for

their final attempt at fulfilling their dreams of becoming a Civil Servant.

16. The Applicants are positive that if they are granted one more opportunity to

appear in the Examination to be conducted in 2021, they may actually come

one step closer to achieving their long drawn career goals. Thus, present

Applicants beseech this Hon’ble court to take a lenient and holistic view of

the matter and to grant one time age relaxation to all the candidates

who would be age barred from taking the Civil Services Examination after

2020.

17. It is humbly submitted that the Applicants are directly affected by the

pendency of the present issue in the present Writ Petition and the orders to

be passed by this Hon’ble Court. Thus, in the interest of justice, it is

submitted that the Applicants herein may kindly be impleaded as party

Respondents in the present Writ Petition. No hardship will be caused to

anybody if the present Application is allowed.

18. For reasons aforesaid and in the interest of justice, the below mentioned

applicants are necessarily required to be impleaded as Respondents in the

10

present petition. Unless the Applicants are impleaded as Respondents, they

will be put to irreparable loss and hardship.

19. That the present Application is bona fide and in the interest of justice.

PRAYER

It is therefore most respectfully prayed that this Hon’ble Court may be pleased

to:

a) Allow the present Application and permit the Applicants to implead/

intervene in W.P (C) No. 434 of 2021;

b) Pass such other and further orders as this Court deems fit and proper

in the present circumstances of the petition.

FOR WHICH ACT OF KINDNESS THE APPLICANTS AS IN DUTY

BOUND SHALL EVER PRAY

Filed By:

(MALVIKA KAPILA)

ADVOCATE FOR THE APPLICANTS

Filed on: 16.07.2021

Place: New Delhi

11

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA, NEW DELHI CIVIL ORIGINAL JURIDICTION

I.A NO. OF 2021 l•<j:'•

,-IN

W.P. (C) No. 434 of 2021 IN THE MATTER OF: ABHISHEK ANAND SINHA AND ORS.

V/S

UNIOfi OF '.{NDIA AND ORS. i .1

?' -:i.

,'.\£'• •

AFFIDAVIT

. .. PETITIONERS

... RESPONDENTS

I,Shambhu Sharan Kumar S/o Anil Kumar Singh, aged 32 years, R/o at T -296, 2nd Floor right side road no. 20 West Patel Nagar New Delhi-110008 do here y state and declare as under:-,

�»fl.Y that the contents of accompanying applications are also 1e 'to the best of my knowl,edge and 15eUeL • , . , . , ,

A. �u \.. . · •. . ?,'. � · . . �,:fw -.� : , _ _.,,.� �•1,_l· . , . I • yt'I .J -. ,,.,, , ... !' �' ,;c, • . • . • . ' ,; . '

* �.:. D�:fs�1t�fe, that the annexures filed �ong -��- th�-; ;��p�yingC')\Exp.Dile.31.0im'P,1iqation are true copies of their respective originals. 0� t,�

l'_ or ....

VERIFICATION: 1: l

Verified at M�w bb\)1.1 contents of 1the aboye Affidavit arithat no part of it is false andtherefrom.

of July , 2021 that theorrect to my knowledge,erial has been concealed

�

I have duly authorized by other applicants to swear and affirmthis affidavit on their behalf

12

1

ITEM NO.22 Court 5 (Video Conferencing) SECTION X

S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I ARECORD OF PROCEEDINGS

Writ Petition(s)(Civil) No(s). 1012/2020

VASIREDDY GOVARDHANA SAI PRAKASH & ORS. Petitioner(s)

VERSUS

UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION & ORS. Respondent(s)

(FOR ADMISSION IA No. 88222/2020 - APPLICATION FOR EXEMPTION FROM FILING ORIGINALVAKALATNAMA/OTHER DOCUMENT IA No. 88221/2020 - EX-PARTE AD-INTERIM RELIEF IA No. 97824/2020 - EXEMPTION FROM FILING AFFIDAVIT IA No. 97823/2020 - INTERVENTION APPLICATION)

Date : 30-09-2020 These matters were called on for hearing today.

CORAM : HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE A.M. KHANWILKARHON'BLE MR. JUSTICE B.R. GAVAIHON'BLE MR. JUSTICE KRISHNA MURARI

For Petitioner(s) Mr. V.K. Shukla, Sr. Adv. Mr. Alakh Alok Srivastava, AORMr. Rohit Pandey, Adv.

For Respondent(s) Mr. Tushar Mehta, Ld. S.G. Mr. S. V. Raju, Ld. ASG Mr. Kanu Agrawal, Adv.Mr. Gurmeet Singh Makker, AOR Mr. B.V. Balram Das, AORMr. Rajat Nair, Adv. Mohd. Akhil, Adv.

UPSC Mr. Naresh Kaushik, Adv. Mr. Vardhman Kaushik, AOR

Ms. Anushree Prashit Kapadia, AOR

Mr. Sumanth Nookala, Adv.

UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the followingO R D E R

Heard learned counsel for the parties.

Essentially, following points have been urged to

ANNEXURE-113

2

persuade us to issue direction to Union Public Service

Commission (UPSC) to defer the ensuing examination

scheduled on 04.10.2020.

(i) The first point is that the candidates who are

front-line covid-19 workers are handicapped and will

not be able to appear in the examination. The UPSC

has not considered their problems at all.

In this regard, we agree with the learned counsel

for the UPSC that no specific case has been brought

to the notice of the court where the front-line

covid-19 worker(s) intending to proceed on

preparatory leave for the ensuing examination had

been denied such leave by his/her employer as such.

Indeed, one of the petitioners represented by

Ms. Anushree Kapadia, learned counsel, appears to be

a front-line covid-19 worker, but has failed to

produce any application or material indicating that

he had requested his employer to allow him to proceed

on leave to prepare for the ensuing examination, much

less to appear on 04.10.2020.

The fact that the concerned petitioner had to

work during the covid-19 period, by itself cannot be

the basis to disturb the arrangements already made by

14

3

the UPSC. He can exercise his option to appear in the

ensuing or next examination, if he so desires.

(ii) The second point urged before us is regarding

lack of transport facilities. However, once again

this is a general statement without any specific

details. On the other hand, UPSC on affidavit has

produced communication issued by the concerned

authorities, to ensure proper transport arrangements

for the candidates, who intend to appear in the

examination.

Besides, in the recent past, various public

examinations have been successfully conducted by

different authorities. That is a testimony of the

fact that if proper Standard Operating Procedures

(for short ‘SOPs’) are observed by all concerned, as

defined by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), it is

possible to conduct such examinations.

Suffice it to observe that the lack of transport

facilities across all the 72 centres, including 2569

sub-centres, has not been substantiated before us. On

the other hand, we find that till recently, UPSC

permitted the candidates to change their centres and

almost more than 60,000 candidates availed of that

15

4

option.

(iii) The third grievance is that, during the

Covid-19 period most of the institutions and

libraries had remained closed. That created

impediment for the candidates to prepare for the

examination. We are not impressed by this submission,

as it is common knowledge that on-line study

materials are available to the candidates interested

to appear in the ensuing examination.

In any case, non-functioning of libraries,

physically, cannot be the basis to direct the UPSC to

postpone the scheduled examination which initially

was planned to be held in May, 2020.

(iv) The fourth point raised before us is that

some of the candidates may be giving last attempt and

also likely to become age-barred for the next

examination, and if such candidates are unable to

appear in the examination due to Covid-19 pandemic

situation, it would cause great prejudice to them.

In this regard, we have impressed upon Mr. S.V.

Raju, learned Additional Solicitor General appearing

for the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Ministry of

Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and Department of

16

5

Personnel and Training (DoPT) to explore the

possibility of providing one more attempt to such

candidates with corresponding extension of age limit.

He has agreed to convey the sentiments of the Court

to all concerned and to take a formal decision

thereon expeditiously.

(v) It is next pointed out that different states

have different SOPs, including not allowing persons

coming from other States in the hotels.

In this regard, UPSC/MHA may issue appropriate

instructions to all the States/Union Territories to

ensure, that a candidate possessing valid admit/entry

card in respect of examination centre/sub-centre in

the neighborhood, may be allowed in hotel to

facilitate him to appear in the examination scheduled

on 04.10.2020, upon production of such card.

(vi) The next grievance made before us is that the

candidates who are Covid-19 patients must be allowed

to appear in the examination with separate

arrangement, in the concerned sub-centre/centre.

It is not possible to accede to such a general

request. As a matter of fact, the medical SOPs

require, that any person who has contracted Covid-19

17

6

shall remain in isolation and quarantined for the

relevant period. He is not expected to move out in

public. For, such candidate may expose other

candidates in the concerned examination centre/sub-

centre to the risk of being infected, which is

certainly avoidable.

We need not dilate on this aspect any further,

except to note the arrangements are directed to be

made by the UPSC to ensure separate sitting

arrangement for candidates having symptoms of ailment

like cough and cold.

(vii) The next grievance made before us is

that SOPs delineated by the UPSC are in conflict with

the arrangement specified by MHA, which mandates that

there shall not be more than 100 persons gathering at

one place.

We leave it to the MHA to examine this aspect and

in case, it is of the view that the SOPs issued by

the UPSC are not in conformity with the SOP issued by

the MHA, it may issue appropriate directions to the

UPSC which, in turn, shall issue supplementary SOPs

to all concerned and notify them to take corrective

measures forthwith.

18

7

(viii) It was also suggested that the UPSC may

consider of merging the two examinations, namely, to

be conducted on 04.10.2020 with the examination

schedule for 2021.

We are not impressed by this suggestion as we

agree with the UPSC that resorting to that option

would result in cascading effect on other public

examinations, as stated in the affidavit filed by the

UPSC before us.

The UPSC as well as MHA, however, shall ensure that

all proper logistical facilities are made available to

the candidates, including observance of medical protocol

and SOPs in place in that regard.

Taking overall view of the matter, nothing more needs

to be done in this Writ Petition.

The Writ Petition is disposed of in the above terms.

Pending applications, if any, stand disposed of.

(NEETU KHAJURIA) (VIDYA NEGI) COURT MASTER COURT MASTER

19

1

ITEM NO.10 Court 5 (Video Conferencing) SECTION X

S U P R E M E C O U R T O F I N D I ARECORD OF PROCEEDINGS

Writ Petition(s)(Civil) No(s). 1130/2020

ABHISHEK ANAND SINHA & ORS. Petitioner(s)

VERSUS

UNION OF INDIA & ANR. Respondent(s)

(FOR ADMISSION and IA No.99793/2020-EX-PARTE AD-INTERIM RELIEF and IA No.99794/2020-APPLICATION FOR EXEMPTION FROM FILING ORIGINAL VAKALATNAMA/OTHER DOCUMENT )

Date : 26-10-2020 This petition was called on for hearing today.

CORAM : HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE A.M. KHANWILKARHON'BLE MR. JUSTICE DINESH MAHESHWARIHON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SANJIV KHANNA

For Petitioner(s)Mr. P.S. Narsima, Sr. Adv. Mr. Atul Agarwal, Adv. Ms. Kanti Pratap Singh, Adv. Mr. Kumar Dushyant Singh, AOR

For Respondent(s)Mr. Aman Lekhi, ASG Mr. Ashok Panigrahi, AOR Mr. Apoora Kurup, Adv. Mr. Nabab Singh, Adv. Mr.Arvind Kumar Sharma, Adv.

Mr. Naresh Kaushi, Adv. Mr. Vardhman Kaushik , AOR

Mr. Rohit Sharma, Adv. Mr. Amarjeet Singh, AOR

Mr. Sumanth Nookala, Adv.

UPON hearing the counsel the Court made the followingO R D E R

Heard learned counsel for the petitioners.

The issue raised in this Writ Petition is under

ANNEXURE-220

2

consideration of the appropriate authority and in light

of the observations made by this Court in order dated

30.09.2020 in Writ Petition(C) No. 1012 of 2020, needful

is being done in the matter.

As a result, it may not be appropriate to precipitate

the matter further. We leave it to the competent

authorities to assuage the grievance of the petitioners,

as brought before this Court in the present Writ Petition

appropriately.

If the proposed decision does not fulfil the

aspirations of the petitioners, it will be open to them

to challenge that part of the decision.

The Writ Petition is disposed of in the above terms

without expressing any opinion either way on the merits

of the subject matter.

Pending applications, if any, stand disposed of.

(DEEPAK SINGH) (VIDYA NEGI)COURT MASTER (SH) COURT MASTER (NSH)

21

REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO(s). 1410 OF 2020

RACHNA & ORS. …..PETITIONER(S)

VERSUS

UNION OF INDIA & ANR. ….RESPONDENT(S)

J U D G M E N T

Rastogi, J.

1. Application(s) for intervention are allowed.

2. The batch of petitioners were hopeful that in their last

attempt, they may qualify in the Civil Services (Preliminary)

Examination, 2020 (in short “Examination 2020”) which was held

on 4th October 2020 but when they failed to achieve their goal,

1

ANNEXURE-3

22

approached this Court by filing the instant writ petition under

Article 32 of the Constitution seeking mandamus to the 1st

respondent to extend one additional attempt to the

petitioners/intervenors as they are being barred from attempting

the examination in future on account of exhausting of available

attempts or on account of age bar subsequent to Examination

2020.

3. The prayer which has been made in the instant petition is as

follows:

“(a) Issue a writ of mandamus or any other appropriate writ,order or direction in the nature thereof and declare that theaction of the respondents of not issuing appropriate policyfor grant of an extra attempt to candidates for whom civilservices examination 2020 would be last attempt as beingviolative of Articles 14, 19, 29 and 21 of the Constitution ofIndia, and by way of issuance of an appropriate writ, orderor direction of or in the nature of mandamus, and/or anyother writ, order or direction, interalia, direct theRespondent/s to provide one extra attempt to the lastattempt candidates including the petitioners, in addition tonumber of permissible attempts: and/or

(b) Pass any other order or direction as this Hon’ble Courtmay deem fit and proper in the facts and circumstances ofthe case and in the interest of justice.”

Brief Factual Matrix

4. The background facts delineated from the records and relevant

for the purpose are that the Civil Services Examination is

2

23

conducted every year by the 2nd respondent (Union Public Service

CommissionUPSC) and for the year 2020, the Ministry of

Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (Department of

Personnel and Training) published Gazette Notification dated 12th

February, 2020 notifying the rules for competitive examination,

2020(hereinafter being referred to as “Rules 2020”) to be held by the

2nd respondent for the purpose of recruitment to 24 services/posts

to be held in three stages: (i) preliminary (ii) mains (iii) personality

test.

5. The scheme of Rules 2020 published on 12th February, 2020 is

a complete code for the purposes of final selection to civil services.

The parameters prescribed for eligibility with regard to number of

attempts and age have been provided under Rule 4 and Rule 6 of

the Rules 2020. Rule 4 and Rule 6 which are relevant for the

purpose are mentioned hereunder:

“4. Every candidate appearing at the examination who isotherwise eligible, shall be permitted six attempts at theexamination.

Provided that this restriction on the number ofattempts will not apply in the case of Scheduled Castes andScheduled Tribes candidates who are otherwise eligible.

Provided further that the number of attemptspermissible to candidates belonging to Other Backward

3

24

Classes, who are otherwise eligible, shall be nine. Therelaxation will be available to the candidates who areeligible to avail of reservation applicable to such candidates.

Provided further that candidates belonging to personswith benchmark disability will get as many attempts as areavailable to candidates other than persons with benchmarkdisability of his or her community, subject to the conditionthat a candidate of person with benchmark disabilitybelonging to the General and EWS Category shall be eligiblefor nine attempts. Necessary action to make correspondingchanges in respective Rules/regulations pertaining tovarious services is being taken separately. The relaxationwill be available to the candidate of persons withbenchmark disability who are eligible to avail of reservationapplicable to such candidates.

Note:

(I) An attempt at a Preliminary Examination shall bedeemed to be an attempt at the Civil Services Examination.

(II) If a candidate actually appears in any one paper in thePreliminary Examination, he/she shall be deemed to havemade an attempt at the Examination.

(III) Notwithstanding the disqualification/cancellation ofcandidature, the fact of appearance of the candidate at theexamination will count as an attempt.

6. (a) A candidate must have attained the age of 21 yearsand must not have attained the age of 32 years on the 1 st ofAugust, 2020 i.e., he must have been born not earlier than2nd August, 1988 and not later than 1st August, 1999.Necessary action to make corresponding changes inrespective Rules/Regulations pertaining to various servicesis being taken separately.

(b) The upper agelimit prescribed above will be relaxable:

(i) up to a maximum of five years if a candidatebelongs to a Scheduled Caste or a ScheduledTribe;

(ii) up to a maximum of three years in the case ofcandidates belonging to Other Backward Classeswho are eligible to avail of reservation applicableto such candidates;

4

25

(iii) up to a maximum of three years in the case ofDefence Services Personnel, disabled in operationsduring hostilities with any foreign country or in adistributed area and released as a consequencethereof;

(iv) up to a maximum of five years in the case ofexservicemen including Commissioned Officersand ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered at least fiveyears Military Service as on 1st August, 2020 andhave been released;

(a) on completion of assignment(including those whose assignment isdue to be completed within one yearfrom 1st August, 2020 otherwise than byway of dismissal or discharge onaccount of misconduct or inefficiency; or

(b) on account of physical disabilityattributable to Military Service; or

(c) on invalidment.

(v) up to a maximum of five years in the case ofECOs/SSCOs who have completed an initialperiod of assignment of five years of MilitaryService as on 1st August, 2020 and whoseassignment has been extended beyond five yearsand in whose case the Ministry of Defence issuesa certificate that they can apply for civilemployment and that they will be released onthree months’ notice on selection from the date ofreceipt of offer of appointment.

(vi) up to a maximum of 10 years in the case ofPersons with Benchmark Disabilities viz. (a)blindness and low vision; (b) deaf and hard ofhearing; (c) locomotor disability including cerebralpalsy, leprosy cured, dwarfism, acid attack victimsand muscular dystrophy; (d) autism, intellectualdisability, specific learning disability and mentalillness; (e) multiple disabilities from amongstperson under clauses (a) to (d) including deafblindness.

5

26

Note I : Candidates belonging to the ScheduledCastes and the Scheduled Tribes and the OtherBackward Classes who are also covered under anyother clauses of Rule 6(b) above, viz. those comingunder the category of Exservicemen, Persons withBenchmark Disabilities [viz. (a) blindness and lowvision; (b) deaf and hard of hearing; (c) locomotordisability including cerebral palsy, leprosy cured,dwarfism, acid attack victims and musculardystrophy; (d) autism, intellectual disability,specific learning disability and mental illness; (e)multiple disabilities from amongst person underclauses (a) to (d) including deafblindness.] will beeligible for grant of cumulative agerelaxationunder both the categories.

Note II : The details of Functional Classification(FC) and Physical Requirements (PR) of eachservice are indicated in Appendix IV of these Ruleswhich are identified and prescribed by therespective Cadre Controlling Authorities (CCAs)as per the provisions of Section 33 and 34 of theRights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016. Onlythose category(ies) of disability(ies) mentioned inAppendix IV shall apply for the examination underPersons with Benchmark Disability (PwBD)category. Therefore, the candidates belonging tothe Persons with Benchmark Disability categoriesare advised to read it carefully before applying forthe examination.

Note III: The term Exservicemen will apply to thepersons who are defined as Exservicemen in theExservicemen (Reemployment in Civil Servicesand Posts) Rules, 1979, as amended from time totime.

Note IV: The age concession under Rule 6(b)(iv)and (v) will be admissible to Exservicemen i.e. aperson who has served in any rank whether ascombatant or noncombatant in the RegularArmy, Navy and Air Force of the Indian Union andwho either has been retired or relieved ordischarged from such service whether at his ownrequest or being relieved by the employer afterearning his or her pension.

6

27

Note V: Notwithstanding the provision of agerelaxation under Rule 6(b)(vi) above, Candidates ofPersons with Benchmark Disability will beconsidered to be eligible for appointment only ifhe/she (after such physical examination as theGovernment or appointment authority, as the casemay be, may prescribe) is found to satisfy therequirements of physical and medical standardsfor the concerned Services/Posts to be allocated tothe Candidates of Persons with BenchmarkDisability by the Government.

Save as provided above, the agelimitsprescribed can in no case be relaxed.

….”

6. It may be relevant to note that for the candidates who appear

in the open category in the examination, they are permitted six

attempts but for the candidates who are the members of Scheduled

Castes and Scheduled Tribes, there is no restriction on the number

of attempts provided, they are otherwise eligible. For the

candidates who are belonging to OBC/EWS category, they can avail

nine attempts. A clarification has further been made that if the

candidate appears even in one paper of the preliminary

examination, it shall be deemed to be treated as an attempt. At the

same time under Rule 6, the age at the entry point is 21 years and

exit at the age of 32 years. But the upper age limit is relaxable to

the categories of vertical/horizontal reservations and there is no

7

28

such enabling provision granting relaxation in the upper age limit to

the candidates belonging to general category as such those

candidates of general category who have attained the age of 32

years on 1st August, 2020 as in the instant case became ineligible

to participate in the ensuing Civil Services Examination, 2021(in

short “CSE 2021”).

7. Pursuant to the notification dated 12th February, 2020

published in the Official Gazette by the 1st respondent, process of

selection was initiated by the Commission inviting applications from

the eligible candidates who wish to appear in the Examination

2020. According to the notice published by the Commission,

preliminary examination was to be held on 31st May 2020.

Appendix IIB annexed thereto deals with the procedure for

withdrawal of application after submission of online application, it

could be withdrawn from 12th March, 2020 to 18th March, 2020.

Thereafter the admit cards were issued to all the candidates who

intended to participate in the selection process, but because of the

unprecedented Covid19 pandemic, which was notified by the

National Disaster Management Authority vide its order dated 24th

8

29

March 2020, the Commission by its Press Release dated 4th May,

2020 deferred the Examination 2020 and further informed that the

revised schedule of examination will be notified at a later stage.

8. Taking note of the unlock 1.0 guidelines published on 5th

June 2020, the Commission decided to conduct the preliminary

examination on 4th October, 2020. Several candidates submitted

their objections. Taking note thereof, the Commission allowed the

candidates to submit their revised choice of examination center by

its letter dated 1st July, 2020 and further opened the window for

withdrawal of the application from 1st August, 2020 to 8th August,

2020. This Court can take judicial notice of the fact that after a

second opportunity was afforded to the candidates for withdrawal of

the application, only such of the candidates were left who had made

up their mind and were mentally prepared to appear in the ensuing

preliminary examination which was scheduled to be held on 4th

October, 2020.

9. As alleged that when no decision was taken by the respondent

on their representations/objections for deferring of the examination,

certain candidates filed Writ Petition (Civil) No.1012 of 2020 before

9

30

this Court on 5th September, 2020 seeking postponement of the

Examination 2020 and the prayer for relaxation in upper age limit

and an additional attempt. This Court was not persuaded to issue

a direction to the Commission to defer the schedule of examination

to be held on 4th October, 2020 on the submissions made by the

writ petitioners who approached this Court. Moreover, on one of

the issues, this Court expressed a sanguine hope that possibility of

providing one more attempt to such candidates with corresponding

extension of age limit, if possible, can be explored by the concerned

authorities. The submission made to merge the two examinations,

namely, to be conducted on 4th October, 2020 with the examination

scheduled for 2021, however, did not find favour by this Court.

10. The relevant part of the order dated 30th September, 2020 is

extracted as under:

“(iv) The fourth point raised before us is that some of thecandidates may be giving last attempt and also likely tobecome agebarred for the next examination, and if suchcandidates are unable to appear in the examination due toCovid19 pandemic situation, it would cause great prejudiceto them.

In this regard, we have impressed upon Mr. S.V. Raju,learned Additional Solicitor General appearing for theMinistry of Home Affairs (MHA), Ministry of Health andFamily Welfare (MoHFW) and Department of Personnel and

10

31

Training (DoPT) to explore the possibility of providing onemore attempt to such candidates with correspondingextension of age limit. He has agreed to convey thesentiments of the Court to all concerned and to take aformal decision thereon expeditiously.”

11. The fact is that all the writ petitioners/intervenors appeared in

the preliminary examination held on 4th October, 2020 which was

conducted in 74 cities. During the course of arguments, following

information was brought to the notice of this Court:

Number of candidates who enrolled for the Examination2020 10,56,835.

Number of candidates who appeared on 4th October, 20204,86,952.

Number of last attempt candidates who appeared forExamination 2020 and have not attained age bar for 20213863

Number of last attempt candidates who appeared inExamination 2020 and would reach age bar for CSE 20212236

Candidates having last attempt in terms of age bar but didnot appear 4237

Combined effect of last attempt appeared : 3863 + 2236 =6099 which comes to around 1.25% of candidates whoappeared for the examination.

Combined effect of candidates who appeared and nonappeared and who require relaxation for 2021, i.e. total =3863+2236+4237 = 10,336 which comes to 0.97% of totalcandidates who enrolled for Examination, 2020.

11

32

12. When the present petitioners/intervenors failed to qualify in

the preliminary examination held on 4th October, 2020 by the

Commission, they approached this Court by filing of the instant

writ petition, and this Court took note of the fact that in the light of

the order passed in the earlier proceedings dated 30th September,

2020, the decision of the competent authority to fulfil the legitimate

aspirations of the candidates was still pending with the authority.

During the pendency of the writ petition in deference to this Court,

a decision was taken by the 1st respondent and placed for perusal

dated 5th February, 2021 in which it was agreed in principle to give

one time restricted relaxation, limited to CSE 2021 to only those

candidates who appeared in Examination 2020 as their last

permissible attempt and otherwise are not agebarred from

appearing in CSE 2021, and no relaxation to the candidates will be

given who have not exhausted their permissible number of attempts

or to those candidates who are otherwise agebarred from appearing

in CSE 2021. The extract of the decision which was placed on

record dated 5th February, 2021 is reproduced hereunder:

“As per the suggestion of this Hon’ble Court, the Unionof India is agreeable for the following exgratia, onetime,

12

33

restricted relaxation to be granted to the prospectivecandidates, subject to the same being part of a consentorder, disposing off the petition. The conditions, agreeableto the Respondent, are as under:

1. Relaxation, only to the extent of providing oneextra attempt for Civil Service Examination (CSE),specifically limited to CSE2021, may be grantedto only those candidates who appeared for CSE2020 as their last permissible attempt and areotherwise not agebarred from appearing in CSE2021.

2. No relaxation shall be granted for CSE2021 tothose candidates who have not exhausted theirpermissible number of attempts or to thosecandidates who are otherwise agebarred fromappearing in CSE2021 as per the prescribed agelimits of different categories, or to any othercandidate for any other reason whatsoever.2.

3. This relaxation for the candidates and to theextent as prescribed above, shall be a onetimerelaxation only and shall apply only for appearingin CSE2021 and shall not be treated as aprecedent.

4. The relaxation provided at Point 1, shall notcreate any vested right whatsoever or any otherpurported right on ground of parity or otherwise,in favour of any other set/class of candidates atany time in the future.”

Submissions of the parties

13. The main thrust of submission of learned counsel for the

petitioners is that the sudden and strict lockdown due to

unprecedented pandemic in March, 2020 had made a large

disruption in the life of the common man and the measures adopted

13

34

led to difficulties and impediments in the preparation of the

Examination 2020 for many aspirants and the Government failed to

take any policy decision for the last attemptees before holding

Examination 2020 to enable them to take an appropriate/suitable

decision and noticing precedence from the earlier policy of 1st

respondent to grant an extra attempt to lastattemptees in the event

causing widespread hardships left with no choice except to appear

in the examination even though they did not have an adequate

opportunity and infrastructure and they were left out blinded with

uncertainty.

14. Learned counsel for the petitioners submits that petitioners

are placed in the disadvantageous position with the onset of the

pandemic and due to the unprecedented measures imposed in the

wake thereof. That apart, candidates working in essential services

did not have the benefit of seeking leave or claiming exemption from

duty/overtime duty looking to the nature of their services and in

the light of invocation of The Essential Services Maintenance Act,

1968 and The Disaster Management Act, 2005. There is no benefit

14

35

accruing to persons in essential services and public employment,

consequent to the unlock guidelines.

15. Learned counsel further submits that denial of an additional

attempt to the petitioners will make them to suffer serious

discrimination amongst who have not faced such hurdles as being

faced by the petitioners in their preparation during the

unprecedented pandemic. While others had a choice of leaving the

Examination 2020, while taking care of their health, the last

attemptees particularly in terms of age, were left with no choice and

had to sit for the exam despite the lack of opportunity to prepare

which is in violation of Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution of

India.

16. Learned counsel further submits that the petitioners were

deprived of their basic facilities for preparation in view of the

innumerable, inevitable circumstances suffered by them due to

Covid19 pandemic, which prevailed in the entire country during

the crucial period of their preparation and even on the date of

examination, but the impact may not be uniform on all the

participants and at least to those who are essential service

15

36

providers and such candidates deserve one more attempt when they

virtually lost for unavoidable circumstances their last attempt in

2020 and there are past precedents to grant of extra attempt in

addition to age relaxation for such years when UPSC Civil Services

Examinations’ aspirants faced hardships due to various reasons.

17. Learned counsel for the intervenors in addition further

submitted that the discretion exercised by the 1st respondent dated

5th February, 2021 to grant one time relaxation limited to only

those candidates who appeared for Examination 2020 as their last

permissible attempt and otherwise not agebared from appearing in

CSE 2021 with no relaxation to the candidates who have not

exhausted their permissible number of attempts or to those

candidates who are otherwise agebarred from appearing in CSE

2021 is not a rational decision and no such classification could be

made amongst the group of candidates who had participated in

Examination 2020 as a last attempt and are debarred to appear in

CSE 2021 because of the attempt being exhausted or having

crossed the upper age limit and it was expected from the 1st

respondent to take a holistic view of the situation and grant one

16

37

time relaxation to all the candidates who had participated in

Examination 2020 regardless of the fact whether one has availed all

the attempts or crossed the age barrier disqualifying to appear in

CSE 2021.

18. Learned counsel for intervenors further submits that the

candidates who appeared in Examination 2020 by and large are

affected because of unprecedented pandemic and they were unable

to prepare themselves to appear in the examination due to various

impediments which came in front of them of which adequate

reasons have been furnished to this Court. In the given

circumstances, at least taking a lenient and a holistic view of the

matter, this Court may exercise its jurisdiction under Article 142 of

the Constitution granting one time relaxation to the candidates who

appeared in Examination 2020 with one additional attempt

regardless of the fact whether one has exhausted the number of

attempts or crossed the upper age limit as prescribed under the

Rules 2020 and it does not affect either the integrity of the

examination or any restriction on the prospective participants of

CSE 2021 and to those who have already availed the attempts. All

17

38

hopes of the candidates remain in the last attempt but that had

gone in vain because of the unprecedented situation which came in

front of them and that was the only reason for which they have not

been able to put their full potential to qualify the Examination

2020.

19. Per contra, counter affidavits have been filed by the

respondents in their defence and it has been stated that the

syllabus for the preliminary examination has not been changed

since 2015 and examination of this nature is not possible for a

candidate to prepare at the last moment and it needs a lot of

planning, spanning of a number of going through this preparation.

Entry age of candidates is 21 years and exit age for general

candidates is 32 years. Relaxations/upper age limits are available

to candidates who appear in certain categories of vertical/horizontal

reservations. Hence, for general candidates there is a time of 11

years if they would be able to start preparing at the age of 21. After

the process was initiated pursuant to Rules 2020, as per the

scheme, the examination was scheduled for 31st May, 2020. There

was a clear time of three and a half months and by the time

18

39

candidate appeared in their last attempt, they would have a lot of

experience so it could easily be inferred that they have consumed

sufficient time to prepare for the preliminary examination as no

change in the syllabus has been given effect to after the year 2015

but taking note of the unprecedented situation of Covid19

pandemic, the policy decision was taken by the Commission to

defer the examination and on 5th June 2020, it was declared that

the examination is to be scheduled on 4th October, 2020. Therefore,

instead of three months which is the requirement under the scheme

of rules, candidates got almost five additional months (i.e. eight

months) to prepare for the Examination 2020 and to compensate

the hardships caused by Covid19 pandemic, different modalities

were adopted by the respondent. So far as the demand made by the

petitioners for extra attempt or extra year is concerned, it has been

specifically stated that giving of an extra attempt or the year would

result in hardships being caused to the candidates who are

appearing for the CSE 2021 and that apart an additional attempt

has been demanded by the petitioners who are the last attempters

or who have crossed the age bar.

19

40

20. According to the learned counsel, that would result in

discrimination for the reason that all attemptees irrespective of the

nature of attempt (i.e., 1st, 2nd etc.) must have suffered during this

Covid19 pandemic and hence the consideration of giving an

additional attempt to only last attemptees would be discriminatory.

At the same time, such of the successful candidates can also

complain but for Covid19, their rankings in the list of successful

candidates would have been much higher, therefore, they should

also be given an additional chance. Similar reasoning would apply

as far as the upper age is concerned and so far as the submissions

made by learned counsel for the petitioners are concerned, these

are without prejudice to the main contention that they are not

entitled for relaxation as prayed for.

21. It has been further stated that the first national lockdown

came into force on 25th March, 2020, i.e., after one and a half

month of the notice of examination published on 12th February

2020. From 1st June, 2020, gradual unlocking of the lockdown had

started on monthly basis and the preliminary examination was held

on 4th October, 2020 when the unlock guidelines 5.0 were in force.

20

41

To meet out the bone of contention of the petitioners that there are

precedents for granting relaxation on earlier occasions is concerned,

it has been stated that these are the policy decisions taken by the

executive in a particular facts and circumstances and the present

decision has to be tested independently in the given circumstances,

which has no relativity or comparison.

22. It has also been stated that the candidates who had appeared

in the examination had accepted the rules of the Examination 2020

and now having appeared and failed, they cannot be permitted to

approbate and reprobate in the same breath after they had failed in

the Examination 2020. The submission may not hold good for the

reason that their prayer is to grant additional attempt to appear in

CSE 2021 and the petitioners have not questioned the procedure of

selection held of Preliminary Examination 2020, deserves rejection.

23. The 2nd respondent (UPSC) has also filed its counter affidavit

and it has been stated that due to prevailing conditions in the

country in the year 2020 on account of Covid19 pandemic, several

decisions were taken by the Commission to reschedule the

examinations as a matter of fact, no examination was held during

21

42

the period of lockdown. The resumption of examinations started

with the NDA & NA Examination (I) & (II) on 6th September, 2020

and apart from Examination 2020, following are the examinations

and recruitment tests held by the Commission during the period 6th

September, 2020 to 20th December, 2020:

Sl.No.

Name ofExamination

Date ofExamination

Number ofcandidatesapplied

Number ofcandidatesappeared

1 NDA/NA Exam(I) & (II)

06.09.2020 530185 240445

2 Civil Services(Pre) Exam

04.10.2020 1040060 482770

3 Indian EconomicService

1618 Oct,2020

10458 1461

4 IndianStatisticalService Exam

1618 Oct,2020

12090 1753

5 CombinedGeoscientist(Main) Exam

1718 Oct,2020

720 619

6 EngineeringServices (Main)Exam

10.10.2020 2263 1955

7 CombinedMedical ServicesExam

22.10.2020 43120 20213

8 CombinedDefence ServicesExamII

08.11.2020 234343 118250

9 Central ArmedPolice ForcesExam

20.12.2020 296066 89946

10 CBRTs 20.12.2020 26988 14250 Total 2196293 971662

22

43

24. Learned counsel for the Commission submits that although

the decision has to be taken by the 1st respondent in meeting out

the prayer made by the writ petitioners but so far as the 2nd

respondent (UPSC) is concerned, all effective measures were

adopted in holding the examinations/recruitment tests of various

Central Services during the said period and indulgence which has

been prayed for by the petitioners appeared in Examination 2020,

in the given circumstances, of which the details have been

furnished need no further indulgence by this Court.

Analysis

25. We have heard Mr. Shyam Divan, learned senior counsel

appearing for the petitioners; Mr. S.V. Raju, learned Additional

Solicitor General and Mr. Naresh Kaushik, learned counsel

appearing for the respondents; Mr. P.V. Narasimha and Mr. Pallav

Shishodia, learned senior counsel appearing for the intervenors and

with their assistance perused the material available on record.

“The question that emerges for our consideration

is that whether the petitioners/intervenors and

23

44

other similarly placed candidates are entitled to

another/additional chance for CSE 2021 on account

of the unprecedented Covid19 pandemic which as

alleged has deprived them from effectively

participating in the Examination 2020”.

26. There is no doubt that for India or for rest of the world, Covid

19 has been a disaster of unprecedented proportions. The crisis of

Covid19 pandemic has provided the sternest test for disaster

management response in most countries, including India. Due to

unprecedented spread of the virus, the world had gone into a virtual

lockdown as several countries initiated strict screening of potential

cases introduced in their territory. Disasters are testing times for

the institutions and individuals, processes and procedures, and

policies and their implementation mechanisms. We can take

judicial notice that when Covid19 struck India, the country already

had in place legal and administrative instruments to empower and

enable the State to contain and manage the several crisis that

would arise from the pandemic. Two of the most legal instruments

are the Distaster Management Act, 2005 and the Epidemic Diseases

Act, 1897 amended in the year 2020.

24

45

27. The World Health Organization(WHO) has declared it as a

global pandemic. Not only that but because of its rampant spread,

countries were forced to stop international traveling as well as

locked up themselves. Also, the lockdown has been recognised at

the given point of time as the only method to control the spread of

the pandemic and almost every country has adopted this method.

28. On 25th March, 2020, the Disaster Management Act 2005(DM

Act) was invoked in India for the first time since it was passed

almost a month and a half ago, to tackle the Covid19 pandemic

that was then in its initial stages of spreading. The National

Disaster Management Authority(NDMA) which was created by the

Ministry of Home Affairs(MHA) in pursuance of the Disaster

Management Act 2005, issued a notification dated 24th March,

2020 under Section 6(2)(i) of the DM Act. The order directed the

ministries and departments of Government of India and State

Governments along with State Disaster Management Authorities to

take measures for “ensuring social distancing so as to prevent the

spread of Covid19 in the country”.

25

46

29. In the early phases of this spread of Covid19 pandemic, the

response attempted to control the ingress of the virus in our

country through border control, screening of persons entering the

country, followup surveillance and contract tracing. This was

followed by series of countrywide lockdown measures: Lockdown 1

(25th March, 2020 to 15th April, 2020), Lockdown 2(16th April, 2020

to 3rd May, 2020) and Lockdown 3 and 4 (4th May, 2020 to 17th May,

2020 and then through May 31st). Instituted and publicized by the

Central Government under the Disaster Management Act 2005,

these lockdowns varied in scope and nature, depending on the

situation on the ground.

30. Despite that Covid19 pandemic has affected the livelihood of

the common man at all levels, be it a level of education system,

from preschool to tertiary education. Different countries

introduced various policies in meeting out the widespread socio

economic implications but the Covid19 pandemic has left its

footprints for us to learn from the unprecedented situation, which

everyone has come across and suddenly changed the lifestyle of

every individual in the society, his way of working, from social

26

47

security to individual human rights, from macro economy to

household income and has made us more stronger to face, if any

difficult situation arises in future and this is what by experience we

learn. There is an old saying “there is good in every evil”. Still life

has to move on in all situations, and this is what this country has

faced, but resiliently fought back this unprecedented situation and

the economy and life of the common man is on the path towards

normalcy in a short period of time than expected.

31. While reverting to the facts of the instant case of the

petitioners, what is prayed by them in the first blush appears to be

attractive but it lacks legal strength and foundation for various

reasons.

32. The scheme of Rules 2020 of which a detailed reference has

been made and Rules 4 & 6 in particular, clearly stipulate that the

entry age to participate in this competition is 21 years and the exit

age for general candidates is 32 years and at least each candidate

gets minimum 11 years to participate in the competitive

examination, i.e., CSE, in the instant case. For those who claim

reservation vertical/ horizontal, they have numerous/unlimited

27

48

chances and are also entitled for age relaxations. Thus, the scheme

takes note in providing adequate opportunities to the candidates to

participate in this competitive examination at all levels. It may

further be noticed that under Rule 6 of Rules 2020, there is a clear

mandate that age limit prescribed in no case can be relaxed subject

to the relaxations which have been enumerated for various

categories. So far as the candidates who appear in the general

category and have crossed the age of 32 years, no discretion is left

with the authority to grant any relaxation in upper age limit

prescribed for the candidates appeared in the instant Examination

2020.

33. The syllabus of the preliminary examination has not changed

since 2015 and after the Rules 2020 were notified by the 1st

respondent for Civil Services Exam 2020, the notice, in the first

instance, was published on 12th February 2020 and the scheduled

date of the examination was fixed on 31st May, 2020 but because of

the unprecedented situation of Covid19 pandemic, the Commission

took a policy decision to defer the examination and in the changed

situation, after there was a relaxation in the lockdown, ultimately

28

49

on 5th June, 2020 took a decision to hold the examination on 4th

October 2020 and, therefore, instead of three months, the

candidates got additional five months (i.e. eight months) to which

one ordinarily can prepare for appearing in the examination in

terms of the scheme of Rules 2020.

34. Under the scheme of Rules 2020, mere filling up of the form is

not sufficient to avail an attempt. If someone appeared in either of

the paper of the preliminary examination, that was considered to be

an attempt availed by the candidate and, in the given situation,

after the application form was filled, the candidates who wanted to

withdraw their application form at the later stage because of the

Covid19 pandemic, the commission took a policy decision to open

the window for the second time, which in the ordinary course is not

available under the scheme of rules, for the candidates who

intended to withdraw their application from 1st August, 2020 to 8th

August, 2020. Since the examination was scheduled for 4 th

October, 2020 only those candidates were left who were mentally

prepared to appear and willing to avail an opportunity of appearing

in the Examination 2020 and after appearing in the examination,

29

50

when they could not qualify, it has given a way to the present

litigation on the specious ground of Covid19 pandemic that they

were unable to effectively participate in the process of selection

which has been initiated by the Commission in holding preliminary

examination on 4th October, 2020.

35. This court cannot lose sight of the fact that apart from the

present Examination 2020, it has been brought to the notice of this

Court that remedial measures were adopted for the candidates who

had participated in the various examinations/recruitment tests

held for Central services by the Commission at the given point of

time during the Covid 19 pandemic and apart from that, the State

Commissions/recruiting agencies must have conducted their

examinations/recruitment tests for various services and merely

because the present petitioners made a complaint to this Court,

cannot be taken into isolation for the purpose of seeking additional

chance/attempt in the backdrop of Covid19 pandemic, which has

been faced by not only the candidates appeared in Examination

2020 but by the candidates appeared in the various

examinations/recruitment tests held by the State Commissions or

30

51

by other recruiting agencies and by and large, every member of the

society in one way or the other but that does not in any manner

give legitimate right to the petitioners to claim additional

benefit/attempt which is otherwise not permissible under the

scheme of Rules 2020.

36. So far as the instant case is concerned, there are limited

attempts for the candidates who appeared in the general category

and the scheme of Rules 2020 does not provide any discretion to

the 1st respondent to grant relaxation either in attempt or in age

and any exercise of discretion which does not vest with the 1st

respondent, if exercised, may go in contravention to the scheme of

Rules 2020.

37. Taking note of the order of this Court dated 30th September,

2020 passed in Writ Petition(Civil) No. 1012 of 2020 in the earlier

proceedings, this Court has shown some sympathy for the

candidates who were having their last attempt and were also likely

to become age barred for next examination, if any indulgence could

be shown to them. In compliance of the order of this Court, the 1st

respondent has made endeavour to find out a way which is possible

31

52

to give solace to such candidates and placed it before this Court

that too with reservation that there is a possibility in providing one

extra attempt for the candidates who had availed the last and final

attempt in Examination 2020 provided they are within their

respective age brackets as provided under Rule 6 of the Rules 2020.

After the proposal was placed on record, even the

petitioners/intervenors inter se made their submission to the Court

that the proposal which has been placed by the 1st respondent for

consideration of this Court according to them is discriminatory and

is in violation of Article 14 of the Constitution.

38. We do find substance in what being urged by learned counsel

for the petitioners inter se in questioning the decision placed by 1st

respondent for our consideration. If an additional attempt remains

restricted to the last attemptees for the reason that they had

suffered during Covid 19 pandemic, all attemptees irrespective of

the nature of attempt (i.e. 1st, 2nd etc.) who appeared in Examination

2020 must have faced the same consequences as being faced by the

writ petitioners and each one of them have suffered in one way or

the other during the Covid19 pandemic. At the same time, this

32

53

reasoning would equally apply to those who have crossed the upper

age barrier. More so, when no discretion is left with the 1st

respondent to grant relaxation in the age bracket to the candidates

other than provided under Rule 6 of the scheme of Rules 2020

which indeed the present petitioners are not entitled to claim as a

matter of right and that apart, those who have withdrawn their

forms either because of lack of preparation or because of some

personal reasons but have crossed the upper age limit to appear in

CSE 2021, they would also be equally entitled to claim and no

distinction could be made whether the candidate has appeared in

the Examination 2020 and availed the last attempt or attempts is

still available at his disposal or has crossed the upper age limit.

39. We do find substance that any concession either in attempt or

age is not available under the scheme of Rules 2020, at the same

time, proposal which has been placed by the 1st respondent before

us apart from complaint made inter se by the

petitioners/intervenors themselves of being discriminatory in

character, we are also of the view that it is advisable to avoid this

situation and any relaxation which is not permissible either in

33

54

attempt or age under the scheme of Rules 2020 apart from being in

contravention to the rules, it may be discriminatory and it is

advisable not to exercise discretion in implementing what being

proposed by the 1st respondent in compliance of the order of this

Court dated 30th September, 2020.

40. The thrust of submission of learned counsel for the petitioners

was that discretion has been exercised by the respondent as a

matter of policy in the earlier selections and the present petitioners

have a legitimate expectation that the Government must exercise its

discretion to overcome the unprecedented situation which the

petitioners have faced while appearing in the Examination 2020

and their right of fair consideration and effective participation in the

selection process has been denied to them which is in violation of

Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution.

41. The submission, in our view, is without substance for the

reason that the policy decisions which had been taken by the

executive on earlier occasions of which a reference has been made

always depend on the facts and circumstances at the given point of

time and has to be tested independently in the circumstances in

34

55

which it has been exercised by the competent authority or the 1st

respondent as in the instant case.

42. Their further grievance that there is always a change in the

upper age limit and number of attempts in different spell and

further emphasis was that in the year 2015, the 1st respondent

allowed one more attempt in the Civil Service Examination 2015 for

the candidates who appeared in CSE 2011. Although the

justification has been tendered by the respondents in their response

that as there was a substantial change in the pattern of Civil

Service (Preliminary) Examination 2011, in the given

circumstances, the 1st respondent in its wisdom considered it

appropriate to grant one more attempt in Civil Service Examination,

2015 to such candidates who appeared in Civil Service

Examination, 2011 either due to reaching upper age limit or due to

exhausting of number of attempts and that was the given situation

which prevailed upon the 1st respondent in taking a policy decision

in granting permission but that cannot be made to be the basis or a

foundation for the petitioners to site as a precedent in claiming to

seek one additional attempt as a matter of right which is not

35

56

permissible under the scheme of Rules 2020 or with the aid of

Article 14 of the Constitution to take a call in meeting out the

difficulties which have been faced as alleged in the given

circumstance.

43. It is the settled principle of law that policy decisions are open

for judicial review by this Court for a very limited purpose and this

Court can interfere into the realm of public policy so framed if it is

either absolutely capricious, totally arbitrary or not informed of

reasons and has been considered by this Court in Union of India

and Others Vs. M. Selvakumar and Another 2017(3) SCC 504.

The relevant portion is as under:

“47. There is one more reason due to which we are unableto subscribe to the view taken by the Madras High Courtand Delhi High Court. The horizontal reservation andrelaxation for Physically Handicapped Category candidatesfor Civil Services Examination, is a matter of Governmentalpolicy and the Government after considering the relevantmaterials has extended relaxation and concessions to thePhysically Handicapped candidates belonging to theReserved Category as well as General Category. It is not inthe domain of the courts to embark upon an inquiry as towhether a particular public policy is wise and acceptable orwhether better policy could be evolved. The Court can onlyinterfere if the policy framed is absolutely capricious andnoninformed by reasons, or totally arbitrary, offending thebasic requirement of Article 14 of the Constitution.”

(Emphasis supplied)

36

57

44. It was the case where the number of attempts granted to

physically handicapped persons were increased from 4 to 7 in the

UPSCCSE examination and the candidates belonging to the OBC

had moved this Court requesting for an increase of the number of

attempts from 7 to 10 that is an additional 3 attempts as it was

done in the case of the physically handicapped category but that

was repelled by this Court for the reasons indicated above.

45. Judicial review of a policy decision and to issue mandamus to

frame policy in a particular manner are absolutely different. It is

within the realm of the executive to take a policy decision based on

the prevailing circumstances for better administration and in

meeting out the exigencies but at the same time, it is not within the

domain of the Courts to legislate. The Courts do interpret the laws

and in such an interpretation, certain creative process is involved.

The Courts have the jurisdiction to declare the law as

unconstitutional. That too, where it is called for. The Court is

called upon to consider the validity of a policy decision only when a

challenge is made that such policy decision infringes fundamental

rights guaranteed by the Constitution or any other statutory right.

37

58

Merely because as a matter of policy, if the 1st respondent has

granted relaxation in the past for the reason that there was a

change in the examination pattern/syllabus and in the given

situation, had considered to be an impediment for the participant in

the Civil Service Examination, no assistance can be claimed by the

petitioners in seeking mandamus to the 1st respondent to come out

with a policy granting relaxation to the participants who had availed

a final and last attempt or have crossed the upper age by appearing

in the Examination 2020 as a matter of right.

46. It has been brought to our notice that not only the

petitioners/intervenors before this Court, but there are large

number of candidates who appeared in the various examinations in

the year 2020 during Covid 19 pandemic and everyone must have

faced some constraints/impediments/inconvenience in one way or

the other and this Court can take a judicial notice that these

petitioners have appeared in the same pattern of examination in the

previous years since the year 2015 and what is being claimed and

prayed for under the guise of Covid 19 pandemic is nothing but a

lame excuse in taking additional attempt to participate in the Civil

38

59

Service Examination 2021 to be held in future and we find no

substance in either of the submissions which has been made before

us.

47. The data furnished to this Court by the Commission clearly

indicate that various selections have been held by the Commission

for Central Services in the year 2020 during Covid 19 pandemic and

selections must have been held by State Commissions and other

recruiting agencies, if this Court shows indulgence to few who had

participated in the Examination 2020, it will set down a precedent

and also have cascading effect on examinations in other streams,

for which we are dissuaded to exercise plenary powers under Article

142 of the Constitution.

48. We, however, make it clear that this decision would not

restrict the 1st respondent or the executive in exercising its

discretion in meeting out the nature of difficulties as being

projected to this Court, if come across in future in dealing with the

situation, if required.

49. Consequently, the petition fails and is accordingly dismissed.

39

60

50. Pending application(s), if any, stand disposed of.

…………………………………….J.(A.M. KHANWILKAR)

……………………………………J.(INDU MALHOTRA)

…………………………………….J.(AJAY RASTOGI)

NEW DELHIFEBRUARY 24, 2021

40

61

101

4.THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE(APPOINTMENT BY COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION)REGULATIONS, 1955

In pursuance of Rule 7 of the Indian Administrative Service (Recruitment) Rules, 1954, the Central Government, in consultation with the State Governments and the Union Public Service Commission, hereby makes the following regulations, namely:-

1. Short title - These regulations may be called the Indian Administrative Service(Appointment by Competitive Examination) Regulations, 1955.

2. Definitions - (1) In these regulations, unless the context otherwise requires:-

(a) ’available vacancies’ means the vacancies in the Service which, as determined bythe Central Government under the provisions of sub-rule (2) of rule 4 of theRecruitment Rules, are to be filled on the results of an examination;

(b) ‘Commission’ means the Union Public Service Commission;

1(c) ‘examination’ means a combined competitive examination consisting of a preliminary examination and a main examination for recruitment to the Service held under sub-rule (1) of rule 7 of the Recruitment Rules and includes a combined competitive examination for recruitment to the Service and such other Service or Services as may be specified by the Central Government from time to time;

(d) ‘list’ means the list of candidates prepared under regulation 7;

(e) ‘Recruitment Rules’ means the Indian Administrative Service (Recruitment) Rules,1954;

(f) ‘Scheduled Caste’ and ‘Scheduled Tribes’ shall have the same meanings as areassigned to them by clauses (24) and (25) respectively of Article 366 of theConstitution of India; and

(g) ‘Service’ means the Indian Administrative Service.

(2) All other words and expressions used in these regulations and not defined shall havethe meanings respectively assigned to them in the Recruitment Rules.

3. Holding of Examination:-

(1) The examination shall be conducted by the Commission in the manner notified by theCentral Government from time to time.

(2) The dates on which and the places at which the examination shall be held shall befixed by the Commission.

1 Substituted vide Department of Personnel & A.R. Notification 11028/1/78-AIS(I)-A, dated 30-12-1978.

ANNEXURE-462

102

4. Conditions of Eligibility:-In order to be eligible to compete at the examination, a candidatemust satisfy the following conditions, namely:-

2(i) Nationality:- (a) He must be a citizen of India, Or,

(b) He must belong to such categories of persons as may, from time to time, be notifiedin this behalf by the Central Government.

3(ii) Age:- He must have attained the age of 21 and not attained the age of 30 on the first day of August of the year in which the examination is held:

Provided that the upper age limit may be relaxed in respect of such categories of persons as may from time to time, be notified in this behalf by the Central Government, to the extent and subject to the conditions notified in respect of each category:

4Provided further that the upper age limit shall be raised to 31 years for the candidates appearing at the examination to be conducted by the Commission in 1990.

(iii) Educational Qualifications:- He must hold a degree of any University incorporated byan Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutionsestablished by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as Universities underSection 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, or a foreign Universityapproved by the Central Government from time to time, or possess a qualificationwhich has been recognized by the Central Government 5[for the purpose of admissionto the examination]

Provided that-

(a) in exceptional cases the Commission may, 6[ ] treat as qualified a candidate whothough not possessing the qualification prescribed in this clause, has passedexaminations conducted by other institutions of a standard which, in the opinion ofthe Commission, justifies the admission of the candidate to the examination; and

(b) candidates who are otherwise qualified but have taken degree from foreignUniversities, which are not approved by the Central Government, may also beadmitted to the examination at the discretion of the Commission.

7Provided further that a candidate may be permitted to take the preliminaryexamination while studying for his degree so long as by a date to be notified by theCommission, the candidate produces proof of pass in the degree course for beingeligible to take the final examination during that year.

8(iii-a) Attempts at the examination:- Unless covered by any of the exceptions that may from time to time be notified by the Central Government in this behalf, every candidate appearing for the examination after 1st January 1990, who is otherwise eligible, shall be permitted four attempts at the examination; and the appearance of a candidate at the examination will be deemed to be an attempt at the examination irrespective of his disqualification or cancellation, as the case may be, of his candidature.

2 Substituted vide MHA Notification No. 1/1/66-AIS(I), dated 5-4-1966. 3 Added vide Department of Personnel & Training Notification No. 11028/1/98-AIS(I)-A, dated 13-11-1998. 4Substituted vide Notification No 11028/1/90-AIS(I)-A dated 21-2-1990 5 Substituted vide MHA Notification No. 1/1/66-AIS(I)-A, dated 2-9-1966 6 Substituted or Omitted vide MHA Notification No. 1/1/66-AIS(I) dated 2-9-1966. 7 Substituted vide Notification No. 11028/1/90 AIS(I)-A dated 21-2-1990. 8 Substituted vide Department of Personnel & A.R. Notification 11028/1/90-AIS(I)-A, dated 1-2-1990.

63

103

Explanation- An attempt at a preliminary examination shall be deemed to be an attempt at the examination, within the meaning of this rule.

(iv) Fees :- He must pay the fees prescribed by the Commission.

5. Disqualification for Admission:-Any attempt on the part of a candidate to obtain supportfor his candidature by any means may be held by the Commission to disqualify him for admission to the examination.

6. Commission’s Decision Final: -The decision of the Commission as to the eligibility orotherwise of a candidate for admission to the examination shall be final and no candidate to whom a certificate of admission has not been issued by the Commission shall be admitted to the examination.

7. 9List of successful candidates:-

(1) Subject to the provision of sub-regulation (2 )the Commission shall forward to theCentral Government a list arranged in order of merit of the candidates who havequalified by such standards as the Commission may determine.

(2) 10The candidates, belonging to any of the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribesmay, to the extent of the number of vacancies reserved for the Scheduled Castesand the Scheduled Tribes, be recommended by the Commission by a relaxed standard, subject to the fitness of these candidates for selection to the Service.

Provided that the candidates, belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, who have been recommended by the Commission without resorting to the relaxed standard referred to in this sub-regulation, shall not be adjusted against the vacancies reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.

8. Appointments from the List:-Subject to the provisions of regulations 9,10,12 and 13,candidates will be considered for appointment to the available vacancies in the order in which their names appear in the list.

9. Reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Candidates:-

(1) In pursuance of rule 7 of the Recruitment Rules, 1115 per cent and 71/2 per cent of theavailable vacancies shall be reserved for candidates who are members of theScheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes respectively.

(2) In filling the vacancies so reserved, candidates who are members of the ScheduledCastes and the Scheduled Tribes, shall be considered for appointment in the order inwhich their names appear in the list.

(3) If sufficient number of candidates, who are members of Scheduled Castes or theScheduled Tribes, are not available for filling all the vacancies so reserved, thevacancies not so filled shall be treated as backlog vacancies and carried forwardto the subsequent examinations until they are filled. The backlog vacancies shall betreated as a distinct group separate from the current vacancies reserved, under sub-regulation (1), for candidates, who are members of the Scheduled Castes and theScheduled Tribes.

10. Disqualification for Appointment on grounds of plural Marriage.-

9 Substituted vide DP&AR Notification No. 1/1/72-AIS(I)-A, dated 9-5-1973 10 11028/2/89-AIS(I)-A, dated 21-10-1989. 11 Substituted vide DP&AR Notification No. 1-1-71-AIS(I)-A, dated 6-3-1971

64

104

(1) No person- (a) who has entered into or contracted a marriage with a person having aspouse living, or

(b) who, having a spouse living, has entered into or contracted a marriage with anyperson, shall be eligible for appointment to the Service:

Provided that the Central Government may, if satisfied that such marriage is permissible under the personal law applicable to such person and the other party to the marriage and there are other grounds for so doing, exempt any person from the operation of this sub-regulation.

1210(2) Deleted

1311. Disciplinary action:- A candidate who is or has been declared by the Commission to be guilty of –

(i) 14obtaining support for his candidature by the following means, namely:-

(a) offering illegal gratification to, or

(b) applying pressure on, or

(c) blackmailing, or threatening to blackmail any person connected with theconduct of the examination, or

(ii) Impersonating, or

(iii) procuring impersonation by any person, or

(iv) submitting fabricated documents or documents which have been tampered with, or

(v) making statements which are incorrect or false, or suppressing material information,or

(vi) 14resorting to the following means in connection with his candidature for the examination, namely:-

(a) obtaining copy of question paper through improper means;

(b) finding out the particulars of the persons connected with secret work relating to theexamination;

(c) influencing the examiners, or

(vii) using unfair means during the examination, or

(viii) 14writing obscene matters or drawing obscene sketches in the scripts, or

(ix) misbehaving in the examination hall including tearing off the scripts, provoking fellowexaminees to boycott examination, creating a disorderly scene and the like, or

12 Sub-rule (2) deleted vide D.P. Notification No. 16021/1/75-AIS(III), dated 29-9-1975. 13 Substituted vide Department of Personnel & AR. Notification No. 11028/1/77-AIS(I)-A, dated 29-3-1978. 14 Amended vide DP&T Not. No.11028/2/88-AIS(I)-A, dated 7.9.1989. Amended vide DP&T Not. No. 11028/2/89-AIS(I)-A,

dated 21.10.1989

65

105

(x) harassing or doing bodily harm to the staff employed by the Commission for theconduct of their examinations; or

15(xi) violating any of the instructions issued to candidates along with their admission certificates permitting them to take the examination, or

(xii) attempting to commit or, as the case may be abetting the commission of all orany of the acts specified in the foregoing clauses, may, in addition to renderinghimself liable to criminal prosecution, be liable –

16(a) to be disqualified by the Commission from the examination for which he is a candidate; and or

(b) to be debarred either permanently or for a specified period-

(i) by the Commission, from any examination or selection held by them;

(ii) by the Central Government from any employment under them; and

(c) if he is already in service under Government to disciplinary action under theappropriate rules:

17Provided that no penalty under clause (a) or clause (b), as the case may be, shall be imposed except after-

(i) giving the candidate an opportunity of making such representation in writing ashe may wish to make in that behalf; and

(ii) taking the representation, if any submitted by the candidate, within the periodallowed to him, into consideration.

12. Disqualification for Appointment on Medical Grounds:-No candidate shall beappointed to the Service who after such medical examination as the Central Government may prescribe is not found to be in good mental or bodily health and free from any mental or physical defect likely to interfere with the discharge of the duties of the Service.

13. Inclusion in List Confers no Right to Appointment:-The inclusion of a candidate'sname in the list confers no right to appointment unless the Central Government is satisfied, after such enquiry as may be considered necessary, that the candidate 18having regard to his character and antecedents is suitable in all respects for appointment to the Service.

14 Inserted vide Notification No. 11028/1/83-AIS(II)-A, dated 29-9-1983. 16 Substituted vide DP&AR Notification No. 1/2/72-AIS(I)-A dated 9-5-1973. 17 Inserted vide DP&AR Notification No. 11028/1/81-AIS(I)-A, dated 25-1-1982. 18 Substituted vide DP&AR Notification No. 1/4/74-AIS(I)-A, dated 10-10-1984.

66

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.

EXAMINATION NOTICE NO. 04/2021-CSP DATE: 04/03/2021 (LAST DATE FOR RECEIPT OF APPLICATIONS: 24/03/2021) of CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION, 2021

(The Commission’s Website: www.upsc.gov.in)

IMPORTANT

1. CANDIDATES TO ENSURE THEIR ELIGIBILITY FOR THE EXAMINATION: All candidates(male/female/transgender) are requested to carefully read the Rules of Civil Services Examinationnotified by the Government (Department of Personnel and Training) and this Notice of Examinationderived from these Rules.The Candidates applying for the examination should ensure that theyfulfill all eligibility conditions for admission to examination. Their admission to all the stagesof the examination will be purely provisionalsubject to satisfying the prescribed eligibilityconditions. Mere issue of e-Admit Card to the candidate will not imply that his/hercandidature has been finally cleared by the Commission. The Commission takes upverification of eligibility conditions with reference to original documents only after thecandidate has qualified for Interview/Personality Test.

2. HOWTOAPPLY:Candidates are required to apply Online by using the website https://upsconline.nic.inDetailed instructions for filling up online applications are available on the above mentionedwebsite. Brief Instructions for filling up the "Online Application Form" given in Appendix-IIA.

2.1 Candidate should have details of one Photo ID Card viz. Aadhaar Card/Voter Card/PAN Card/Passport/Driving Licence/Any other Photo ID Card issued by the State/Central Government. The details of this Photo ID Card will have to be provided by the candidate while filling up the online application form. The candidates will have to upload a scanned copy of the Photo ID whose details have been provided in the online application by him/her. This Photo ID Card will be used for all future referencing and the candidate is advised to carry this Photo ID Card while appearing for Examination/Personality Test.

2.2 The facility of withdrawal of Application is available for those candidates who do not want to appear for Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination. In this regard, Instructions are mentioned in Appendix IIB of this Examination Notice

3. LASTDATEFORRECEIPTOFAPPLICATIONS:The online Applications can be filled up to 24th March, 2021 till 6:00 PM. The eligiblecandidates shall be issued an e-Admit Card three weeks before the commencement of theexamination. The e-Admit Card will be made available in the UPSC website [https://upsconline.nic.in ] for downloading by candidates. No Admit Card will be sent bypost.

4. PENALTYFORWRONGANSWERS:Candidates should note that there will be penalty (negative marking) for wrong answersmarked by a candidate in the Objective Type Question Papers.

5. FACILITATIONCOUNTER FORGUIDANCEOFCANDIDATES:

ANNEXURE -567


In case of any guidance/information/clarification regarding their applications, candidature etc. candidates can contact UPSC’s Facilitation Counter near gate ‘C’ of its campus in person or over Telephone No. 011-23385271/011-23381125/011-23098543 on working days between 10.00 hrs and 17.00 hrs.

6. MOBILEPHONESBANNED:(a) The use of any mobile phone (even in switched off mode), pager or any electronic equipment

or programmable device or storage media like pen drive, smart watches etc. or camera orblue tooth devices or any other equipment or related accessories either in working orswitched off mode capable of being used as a communication device during the examinationis strictly prohibited. Any infringement of these instructions shall entail disciplinary actionincluding ban from future examinations.

(b) Candidates are advised in their own interest not to bring any of the banned items includingmobile phones/pagers to the venue of the examination, as arrangement for safe-keepingcannot be assured.

7. Candidates are advised not to bring any valuable/costly items to the venue of the examination,as safe-keeping of the same cannot be assured. Commission will not be responsible for any loss inthis regard.

F. No. 1/13/2020-E.I(B) : Preliminary Examination of the Civil Services Examination forrecruitment to the Services and Posts mentioned below will be held by the Union Public ServiceCommission on 27th June, 2021 in accordance with the Rules published by the Department ofPersonnel & Training in the Gazette of India Extraordinary dated 4th March, 2021. All candidatesmust carefully read the Civil Services Examination-2021 Rules together with all the Appendices alongwith the Annexures thereof and this Examination Notice derived from the CSE Rules, 2021 in entiretyfor gaining awareness of the current Rules and Regulations as changes may have been incorporatedsince the previous Examination Rules.

(i) Indian Administrative Service(ii) Indian Foreign Service

(iii) Indian Police Service(iv) Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group ‘A’(v) Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group ‘A’

(vi) Indian Corporate Law Service, Group ‘A’(vii) Indian Defence Accounts Service, Group ‘A’(viii) Indian Defence Estates Service, Group ‘A’

(ix) Indian Information Service, Junior Grade Group ‘A’(x) Indian Postal Service, Group ‘A’

(xi) Indian P&T Accounts and Finance Service, Group ‘A’(xii) Indian Railway Protection Force Service, Group ‘A’(xiii) Indian Revenue Service (Customs & Indirect Taxes) Group ‘A’(xiv) Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax) Group ‘A’(xv) Indian Trade Service, Group ‘A’ (Grade III)

(xvi) Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service, Group ‘B’ (Section Officer’s Grade)(xvii) Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar

Haveli Civil Service (DANICS), Group ‘B’(xviii) Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar

68


Haveli Police Service (DANIPS), Group ‘B’ (xix) Pondicherry Civil Service (PONDICS), Group ‘B’

The number of vacancies to be filled through the examination is expected to be approximately 712 which include 22 vacancies reserved for Persons with Benchmark Disability Category, i.e. 5 vacancies for candidates of (a) blindness and low vision; 6 Vacancies for (b) deaf and hard of hearing; 6 Vacancies for (c) locomotor disability including cerebral palsy, leprosy cured, dwarfism, acid attack victims and muscular dystrophy; and 5 Vacancies for (e) multiple disabilities from amongst persons under clauses (a) to (c) including deaf-blindness. The final number of vacancies may undergo change after getting firm number of vacancies from Cadre Controlling Authorities. Reservation will be made for candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes. Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, the Economically Weaker Sections and Persons with Benchmark Disability in respect of vacancies as may be fixed by the Government. As per the decision taken by the Government for increasing the access of unemployed to job opportunities, the Commission will publicly disclose the scores of the candidates (obtained in the Written Examination and Interview/Personality Test) through the public portals. The disclosure will be made in respect of only those willing candidates who will appear in the Interview/Personality Test for the Civil Service Examination and are not finally recommended for appointment. The information shared through this disclosure scheme about the non-recommended candidates may be used by other public and private recruitment agencies to appoint suitable candidates from the information made available in the public portal. Candidates will be required to give their options at the time of Interview/Personality Test, while downloading the e-Summon Letter from the Commission’s website for the interview. A candidate may opt out of the scheme also and in that case his/her details will not be published by the Commission. Besides sharing of the information of the non-recommended willing candidates of this examination, the Commission will not assume any responsibility or liability for the method and manner in which information related to such candidates is utilized by public/private organizations. NOTE:‐A listofServices Identified suitable forPersonswithBenchmarkDisabilityalongwiththePhysicalRequirementsandFunctionalClassifications:l.

No.

Name of the

Service

Category(ies) for which

Identified

Functional

Classification

Physical Requirements

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

1. Indian Administrative

Service

(i) Locomotor disability including

Cerabral Palsy, Leprosy Cured,

Dwarfism, Acid Attack Victims

OA, OL, BA, BH, MW,OAL,

Cerebral Palsy, Leprosy Cured,


S, ST, W, SE, H, RW, C

BLA, BLOA, BL S, SE, H, RW, C

(ii) Blindness and Low Vision LV MF, PP, S, ST, W, L,C, RW, H,

KC, BN

B MF, PP, S, ST, W, L,C, RW (in

braille/ software), H, KC, BN

(iii) Deaf and Hard of Hearing FD, HH PP, S, ST, W, L, C, RW, KC, BN

69


(iv) Multiple disability including

only above three sub-categories

1. Low vision + HH MF, PP, S, ST, W, L, C, RW, H,

KC, BN, SE

2. OA + Low vision MF, PP, S, ST,W, L, C, RW, H,

KC, BN, SE OL + Low vision

Leprosy cured + Low vision

Acid attack victims + Low

vision

Dwarfism + Low vision

3. OL + Blindness MF, PP, S, ST, W, L, C, RW (in

braille/software), H, KC, BN Dwarfism + Blindness

4. OA + HH MF, PP, S, ST, W, L, C, RW, H,

KC, BN, SE OL + HH

OL + Deaf

Leprosy cured + HH

Acid attack victims+ HH

Dwarfism + Deaf

Dwarfism + HH

5. OA + Low vision + HH MF, PP, S, ST, W, L, C, RW, H,

KC, BN, SE OL + Low vision + HH

Leprosy cured + Low vision

+ HH

Acid attack victims + Low

vision + HH

Dwarfism + Low vision + HH

2. Indian Foreign Service (i) Locomotor disability including

Dwarfism and Acid Attack Victims

OA, OL, OAL S, ST, W, RW, C, MF

(ii) Hearing Impairment HH H

(iii) Multiple disability including only

above two sub-categories

All mentioned above

[(i) and (ii) above]

All mentioned above


3 Indian Audit and Accounts

Service, Group 'A'

(i) Locomotor Disability including

Leprosy Cured, Dwarfism, Acid Attack

Victims

One leg affected (R or L),

or one arm affected (R or L)

Leprosy Cured (LC),

Dwarfism (DW), Acid Attack

Victims (AAV)

S, ST, W, BN, SE, RW, C

(ii) Hard of Hearing Hard of Hearing (HH) S, ST, W, BN, SE, RW, C

(iii) Multiple Disabilities [2 or

more disabilities among (i) and (ii)

All mentioned above


All mentioned above


70


above]

4. Indian Civil Accounts

Service


Cerebral Palsy

One Arm (OA) S, ST, W, SE, H, RW, C, MF, PP,

L, KC, BN

One Leg (OL) S, SE, H, RW, C, MF, PP, L

Both Arm (BA) S, ST, W, SE, H, C, KC, BN

Both Legs (BL) S, SE, H, RW, C, MF, PP, L

Both Hands (BH) S, ST, W, SE, H, C, KC, BN

Muscular Weakness (MW) S, SE, H, RW, C, MF

One Arm One Leg (OAL) S, SE, H, RW, C, MF, PP, L

Both Legs & Arms (BLA) S, SE, H, RW, C

Both Legs One Arm (BLOA) S, SE, H, RW, C, MF, PP, L

Leprosy Cured S, ST, W, SE, H, RW, C, MF, PP,

L, KC, BN

Dwarfism S, ST, W, SE, H, RW, C, MF,

PP, L, KC, BN

Acid Attack Victims S, ST, W, SE, H, RW, C, MF, PP,

L, KC, BN

(ii) Blindness and Low Vision Low Vision (LV) S, ST, W, H, RW, C, MF, PP, L,

KC, BN

(iii) Deaf and Hard of Hearing Hard of Hearing S, ST, W, SE, RW, C, MF, PP, L,

KC, BN

5. Indian Corporate

Law Service,

Group ‘A’

(i) Locomotor Disability One Arm (OA) SE, RW, C, M, S, BN, ST, H

One Leg (OL) SE, RW, C, M, S, BN, ST, H

One Arm and One Leg (OAL) SE, RW, C, M, S, BN, ST, H

Both Legs (BL) SE, RW, C, M, S, BN, H

Leprosy Cured (LC) SE, RW, C, M, S, BN, ST, H

Dwarfism (DW) SE, RW, C, M, S, BN, ST, H

Acid Attack Victims (AAV) SE, RW, C, M, S, BN, ST, H

Muscular Dystrophy (MDy) SE, RW, C, M, S, BN, ST, H

(ii) Visual Impairment Low Vision (LV) SE, RW, C, M, S, BN, ST, H

(iii) Hearing Impairment Deaf (D) SE, RW, C, M, S, BN, ST

Hard of Hearing (HH) SE, RW, C, M, S, BN, ST, H

(iv) Multiple Disabilities Multiple Disabilities (MD), [2 or

more disabilities among (i) to (iii)]

SE, RW, C, M, S, BN

6. Indian Defence Accounts

Service, Group 'A'


Leprosy Cured, Dwarfism and Acid

Attack Victims

One Arm (OA)

One Leg (OL)

S, ST, W, BN, SE, RW, C, MF, PP,

L, KC, H

(ii) Visual Impairment Low Vision (LV) S, ST, W, BN, SE, RW, C, MF, PP,

L, KC, H

71


(iii) Hearing Impairment Hard of Hearing (HH) S, ST, W, BN, SE, RW, C, MF, PP,

L, KC, H

(iv) Multiple Disabilities amongst

the above three categories

(i) OA, LV (ii) OL, LV

(iii) OA, HH (iv) OL, HH (v) LV, HH

S, ST, W, BN, SE, RW, C, MF, PP,

L, KC, H

7. Indian Defence Estates

Service


Dwarfism, Acid Attack Victims, Leprosy

Cured, Muscular Dystrophy

OA (One Arm)

OL (One Leg) S, ST, W, SE, RW, C, MF

BL (Both Legs) S, SE, RW, C, MF

(ii) Visual Impairment LV (Low Vision) SE, RW

(iii) Hearing Impairment HH (Hard of Hearing) H

(iv) Multiple disability including only

above three categories

All mentioned above

[(i), (ii) and (iii) above]

All mentioned above


8. Indian Information Service,

Group 'A'



Dwarfism, Acid Attack Victims and

Muscular Dystrophy

BL, BLOA S, RW, SE, H, C

BLA S, SE, H, C

BA, BH S, ST, W, SE, H

OL, OA, MW, OAL S, ST, W, SE, H, RW, C

(ii) Blind and Low Vision LV MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, H,

RW, C, SE

B MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, H, C

(iii) Deaf and Hard of Hearing HH MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, H,

RW, C

FD MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, RW, C

(iv) Multiple disabilities from amongst

persons under clauses (i) to (iii) above

including deaf-blindness in the posts

identified for each disability

All mentioned above


All mentioned above


9. Indian Postal Service,

Group 'A'




Muscular Dystrophy.

OA, OL



S, ST, W, BN, RW, SE, H, C

(ii) Blindnes and Low Vision LV S, ST, W, BN, RW, SE, H, C

(iii) Deaf and Hard of Hearing HH S, ST, W, BN, RW, SE, H, C

(iv) Multiple Disabilities from amongst

persons under clauses(i) to (iii) including

deaf-blindness in the posts identified for

each disability

LV, HH, OA, OL,



S, ST, W, BN, RW, SE, H, C

10. Indian P and T Accounts

and Finance Service Group

'A'

(i) Locomotor Disability OA, OL, OAL, Cerebral Palsy,

Leprosy Cured, Dwarfism, Acid

Attack Victims

S, W, SE, RW, C, BN, ST, H, L,

KC, MF, PP

BA, BH S, W, SE, RW, C, BN, ST, H, KC

72


BL, MW S, SE, RW, C, BN, H, L, KC, MF,

PP

(ii) Visual Impairment Blindness S, W, C, BN, ST, H, L, KC, MF,

PP, RW (in Braille/software)

Low Vision S, W, RW, C, BN, ST, H, L, KC,

MF, PP

(iii) Hearing Impairment Deaf and Hard of Hearing S,W, SE, RW, C, BN, ST, L, KC,

MF, PP

11. Indian Revenue Service

(Customs and Indirect

Taxes)

(i) Locomotor Disability One Arm (OA), One Leg (OL), S, ST, W, SE, RW, C

One Arm One Leg (OAL)

Both Legs (BL) S, SE, RW, C

Cerebral Palsy S, W, SE, RW, C

Leprosy Cured S, ST, W, SE, RW, C

Dwarfism S, ST, W, SE, RW, C

Acid Attack Victims S, ST, W, SE, RW, C

Muscular Dystrophy S, SE, RW, C

(ii) Visual Impairment Low Vision MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, H,

RW, C

Blindness MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, H, C

(iii) Hearing Impairment Hard of Hearing MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, H,

RW, C

Deaf MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, RW, C

(iv) Multiple Disabilities Amongst persons under (i) to (iii)

above including deaf -blindness in

the posts identified for each

disability.

S, C, MF

12. Indian Revenue Service

(IT), Group 'A'

(i) Locomotor Disability One Arm (OA)

One Leg (OL)

One Arm One Leg (OAL)

Both Arms (BA)

S, ST, W, SE, RW, C

Both Legs (BL) S, SE, RW, C

Cerebral Palsy S, W, SE, RW, C

Leprosy Cured S, ST, W, SE, RW, C

Dwarfism S, ST, W, SE, RW, C

Acid Attack Victims S, ST, W, SE, RW, C

Muscular Dystrophy S, SE, RW, C

(ii) Visual Impairment Low Vision MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, H,

RW, C

73


Blindness MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, H, C

(iii) Hearing Impairment Hard of Hearing MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, H,

RW, C

Deaf MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, RW, C

(iv) Multiple Disabilities Amongst persons under clauses (a)

to (c) of Section 34 (1) of RPwD

Act, 2016 including deaf-blindness

in the posts identified for each

disability.

S, C, MF

13. Indian Trade Service,

Group 'A' (Grade III)




Muscular Dystrophy

One Leg (OL), One Arm (OA), One Arm One Leg (OAL), Muscular Weakness (MW)


Both Legs (BL), Both Legs One

Arm

(BLOA)

S, SE, H, RW, C

Both Legs and Arms (BLA) S, SE, H, C

Both Arms (BA), Both Hands (BH) S, ST, SE, H, C

(ii) Blindness and Low Vision Low Vision (LV) MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, H,

RW, C

Blind (B) MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, H, C

(iii) Deaf and Hard of Hearing Hard of Hearing (HH) MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, H,

RW, C

Fully Deaf (FD) MF, PP, L, KC, BN, ST, W, RW, C

14. Armed Forces

Headquarters (AFHQ)

Civil Service, Group 'B'

(Section

Officer’s Grade)




OA, OL, OAL, Cerebral

Palsy, Leprosy Cured, Dwarfism,

Acid Attack Victims

S, ST, W, BN, MF, SE, RW, H, C

BLOA, BL S, SE, H, RW, C

(ii) Blindness and Low Vision B, LV S, ST, W, BN, MF, RW (in

braille/software), H, C

(iii) Deaf and Hard of Hearing D, HH S, ST, W, BN, MF, SE, RW, C

(iv) Multiple Disabilities from amongst

categories (i) to (iii) above

B, LV, D, HH, OA, OL, BLOA, BL,

OAL, Cerebral Palsy, Leprosy

Cured, Dwarfism, Acid Attack

Victims

S, ST, W, BN, MF, RW (in

Braille/software), SE, H, C

15. Delhi, Andaman and

Nicobar

Islands, Lakshadweep,

Daman and Diu and Dadra

and Nagar Haveli Civil

Service (DANICS), Gr. 'B'

(i) Locomotor disability including



OA, OL, BA, BH, MW, OAL,





(ii) Blindness and Low Vision LV MF, PP, S, ST, W, L, C, RW, H,

KC, BN

74


B MF, PP, S, ST, W, L, C, RW (in

braille/software),

H, KC, BN|


16. Pondicherry Civil Service

(PONDICS), Group 'B'




OA, OL, BA, BH, MW,

OAL, CP, LC, DW, AAV



(ii) Blindness and Low Vision LV MF, PP, S, ST, W, L, C, RW, H,

KC, BN

B MF, PP, S, ST, W, L, C, RW(in

Braille/software), H, KC, BN


*For abbreviations about Functional Classification and Physical Requirements, para 8 of this Notice may please be referred.

2.(A)(i)CentresofCivilServices(Preliminary)Examination: The Examination will be held at the following Centres:

AGARTALA GORAKHPUR PATNA

AGRA GURGAON PORT BLAIR AJMER GWALIOR PRAYAGRAJ (ALLAHABAD) AHMEDABAD HYDERABAD PUDUCHERRY AIZAWL IMPHAL PUNE ALIGARH INDORE RAIPUR ANANTPUR (ANDHRA PRADESH) ITANAGAR RAJKOT AURANGABAD JABALPUR RANCHI

BANGALORE JAIPUR SAMBALPUR

BAREILLY JAMMU SHILLONG BHOPAL JODHPUR SHIMLA BILASPUR JORHAT SILIGUDI CHANDIGARH KOCHI SRINAGAR CHENNAI KOHIMA THANE COIMBATORE KOLKATA THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CUTTACK KOZHIKODE (CALICUT) TIRUCHIRAPALLI

DEHRADUN LEH TIRUPATI

DELHI LUCKNOW UDAIPUR DHARWAD LUDHIANA VARANASI DISPUR MADURAI VELLORE FARIDABAD MUMBAI VIJAYAVADA GANGTOK MYSORE VISHAKHAPATNAM GAYA NAGPUR WARANGAL

75


GAUTAM BUDDH NAGAR NAVI MUMBAI GHAZIABAD PANAJI (GOA)

(A) (ii)CentresofCivilServices(Main)Examination:‐

AHMEDABAD DELHI PATNA AIZAWL DISPUR (GUWAHATI) PRAYAGRAJ (ALLAHABAD) BANGALURU HYDERABAD RAIPUR BHOPAL JAIPUR RANCHI CHANDIGARH JAMMU SHILLONG CHENNAI KOLKATA SHIMLA CUTTACK LUCKNOW THIRUVANANTHAPURAM DEHRADUN MUMBAI VIJAYAWADA

The Centres and the date of holding the examination as mentioned above are liable to be changed at the discretion of the Commission. Applicants should note that there will be a ceiling on the number of candidates allotted to each of the Centres, except Chennai, Dispur, Kolkata and Nagpur. Allotment of Centres will be on the "first‐apply‐first allot" basis, and once the capacity of a particular Centre is attained, the same will be frozen. Applicants, who cannot get a Centre of their choice due to ceiling, will be required to choose a Centre from the remaining ones. Applicants are, thus, advised that they may apply early so that they could get a Centre of their choice. NB:Notwithstandingtheaforesaidprovision, the Commission reserves the righttochangetheCentresatitsdiscretion ifthesituationdemands. All the Examination Centres for Civil Services (Preliminary), Examination, 2021 will cater to examination for Persons with Benchmark Disability in their respective Centres. Candidates admitted to the examination will be informed of the time table and place or places of examination. The candidates should note that no request for change of Centre will be entertained.

(B) PlanofExamination:The Civil Services Examination will consist of two successive stages (videAppendixISection‐I)

(i) Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination (Objective type) for the selection of candidates forthe Main Examination; and

(ii) Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written and Interview) for the selection of candidatesfor the various Services and posts noted above.

Applications are now invited for the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination only. The Candidates who are declared by the Commission to have qualified for admission to the Civil Services (Main) Examination will have to apply online again and submit on-line Detailed Application Form-I [DAF-I] along with scanned documents/certificates in support of date of birth, category {viz. SC/ST/ OBC (without OBC Annexure) /EWS [Economically Weaker Sections] (without EWS Annexure) /PwBD / Ex-Serviceman} and educational qualification with required Examination Fee. Any delay in submission of DAF-I or documents in support beyond the prescribed date will not be allowed and will lead to cancellation of the candidature for the CSE-2021.

The candidates who are declared to have qualified Civil Services (Main) Examination will be

76


required to mandatorily indicate order of preferences only for those services participating in the Civil Services Examination for the year, for which he is interested to be allocated to, in the on-line Detailed Application Form-II [DAF-II], before the commencement of Personality Tests (Interview) of the examination. Further, the candidates who wish to indicate IAS/IPS as their Service preference are advised to indicate all the Zones and Cadres in the order of preference in their on-line DAF-II as per the extant Cadre Allocation Policy applicable for the Civil Services Examination, 2021. With this DAF-II, a candidate will also be required to upload documents/certificates for higher education, achievements in different fields, service experience, OBC Annexure (for OBC category only), EWS Annexure [for EWS Category only], etc. Any delay in submission of DAF-II or documents in support beyond the prescribed date will not be allowed and will lead to cancellation of the candidature for the CSE-2021.

3. EligibilityConditions:(I)Nationality

(1) For the Indian Administrative Service, the Indian Foreign Service and the Indian PoliceService, a candidate must be a citizen of India.

(2) For other services, a candidate must be either:—(a) a citizen of India, or(b) a subject of Nepal, or(c) a subject of Bhutan, or(d) a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before 1st January, 1962 with the intention

of permanently settling in India, or (e) a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, East

African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India. Provided that a candidate belonging to categories (b), (c), (d) and (e) shall be a person in

whose favour a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India. A candidate in whose case a certificate of eligibility is necessary, may be admitted to the

examination but the offer of appointment may be given only after the necessary eligibility certificate has been issued to him/her by the Government of India.

(II) AgeLimits:(1) A candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have attained the age of

32 years on the 1st of August, 2021 i.e., the candidate must have been born not earlier than 2nd August, 1989 and not later than 1st August, 2000.

(2) The upper age-limit prescribed above will be relaxable:(a) up to a maximum of five years if a candidate belongs to a Scheduled Caste or a

Scheduled Tribe;

(b) up to a maximum of three years in the case of candidates belonging to OtherBackward Classes who are eligible to avail of reservation applicable to such candidates;

(c) up to a maximum of three years in the case of Defence Services Personnel, disabled inoperations during hostilities with any foreign country or in a disturbed area andreleased as a consequence thereof;

77


(d) up to a maximum of five years in the case of ex-servicemen including CommissionedOfficers and Emergency Commissioned Officers (ECOs)/ Short Service CommissionedOfficers (SSCOs) who have rendered at least five years Military Service as on 1st August,2021 and have been released:

(i) on completion of assignment (including those whose assignment is due to becompleted within one year from 1st August, 2021, otherwise than by way ofdismissal or discharge on account of misconduct or inefficiency); or

(ii) on account of physical disability attributable to Military Service; or(iii) on invalidment.

(e) up to a maximum of five years in the case of ECOs/SSCOs who have completed an initialperiod of assignment of five years of Military Service as on 1st August, 2021 and whoseassignment has been extended beyond five years and in whose case the Ministry ofDefence issues a certificate that they can apply for civil employment and that they willbe released on three months notice on selection from the date of receipt of offer ofappointment.

(f) up to a maximum of 10 years in the case of candidates belonging to Persons withBenchmark Disabilities (PwBD) categories viz.

(i) blindness and low vision;(ii) deaf and hard of hearing;

(iii) locomotor disability including cerebral palsy, leprosy cured, dwarfism, acid attackvictims and muscular dystrophy;

(iv) autism, intellectual disability, specific learning disability and mental illness;(v) multiple disabilities from amongst person under clauses (i) to (iv) including

deaf-blindness.Note‐I : Candidates belonging to either the SC or the ST or the OBC category who are also covered under any other clauses of para 3(II)(2) above, viz. those coming under the category of Ex-servicemen or PwBD, will be eligible for grant of cumulative age-relaxation under both categories. Note‐II: The term Ex-servicemen will apply to the persons who are defined as Ex-servicemen in the Ex-servicemen (Re-employment in Civil Services and Posts) Rules, 1979, as amended from time to time. Note‐III : The age concession under para 3(II)(2) (d) and (e) will be admissible to Ex-servicemen i.e. a person who has served in any rank whether as combatant or non-combatant in the Regular Army, Navy and Air Force of the Indian Union and who either has been retired or relieved or discharged from such service whether at own request or being relieved by the employer after earning pension. Note‐IV : Notwithstanding the provision of age-relaxation under para 3(II) (2) (f) above, candidates of PwBD category will be considered to be eligible for appointment only if they (after such Medical Examination as the Government or appointing authority, as the case may be, may prescribe) are found to satisfy the requirements of physical and medical standards for the concerned Services to be allocated to the candidates of PwBD category by the Government. Note‐V: Save as provided under para 3(II) (2) above, the age-limits prescribed can in no case be relaxed.

(3) The date of birth, accepted by the Commission is that entered in the Matriculation or

78


Secondary School Leaving Certificate or in a certificate recognised by an Indian University as equivalent to Matriculation or in an extract from a Register of Matriculates maintained by a University which extract must be certified by the proper authority of the University or in the Higher Secondary examination certificate or an equivalent examination certificate. The certificate in support of the date of birth is required to be submitted by a candidate only at the time of applying for the Civil Services (Main) Examination. No other document relating to age like horoscopes, affidavits, birth extracts from Municipal Corporation, Service records and the like will be accepted. Note‐I : Candidate should note that only the date of birth as recorded in the Matriculation or Secondary School Leaving Certificate or in an equivalent certificate as mentioned in para 3(III) (3) above and issued prior to the date of submission of application will be accepted by theCommission, and no subsequent request for its change will be considered or granted.

Note‐II: Candidates should also note that once a date of birth has been submitted by them in the application form and entered in the records of the Commission for the purpose of admission to an Examination, no change will be allowed subsequently or at any other Examination of the Commission on any grounds whatsoever.

(III) MinimumEducationalQualification:

A candidate must hold a degree of any of the Universities incorporated by an Act of the central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as a University under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 or possess an equivalent qualification. Note‐I : Candidates who have appeared at a qualifying examination the passing of which would render them educationally qualified for the Commission’s Examination but have not been informed of the result as also the candidates who intend to appear at such a qualifying examination will also be eligible for admission to the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination. All candidates who are declared qualified by the Commission for taking the Civil Services (Main) Examination will be required to produce proof of passing the requisite qualifying examination along with their application (i.e. Detailed Application Form-I) for the Main Examination, failing which such candidates will not be admitted to the Main Examination. Such proof of passing the requisite qualifying examination should be dated earlier than the due date (closing date) of Detailed Application Form-I of the Main Examination. Note‐II: In exceptional cases, the Commission may treat a candidate who does not have any of the foregoing qualifications as a candidate, provided that the candidate has passed an examination conducted by any other institution the standard of which in the opinion of the Commission justifies the admission to the Civil Services Examination. Note‐III: Candidates possessing professional and technical qualifications which are recognised by Government as equivalent to professional and technical degree would also be eligible for admission to the Civil Services Examination. Note‐IV : Candidates who have passed the final professional M.B.B.S or any other equivalent professional examination leading to a medical degree or certificate but have not completed their internship by the time of submission of their applications for the Civil Services (Main) Examination, will be provisionally admitted to the Civil Services Examination, provided they

79


submit along with their application a copy of certificate from the concerned authority of the University/Institution that they had passed the requisite final professional examination. In such cases, the candidates will be required to produce at the time of their interview the original degree or a certificate from the concerned competent authority of the University/Institution that they had completed all requirements (including completion of internship) for the award of the Degree.

(IV) Numberofattempts:

Every candidate appearing at the examination who is otherwise eligible, shall be permitted six(6) attempts at the CSE. However, relaxation in the number of attempts will be available to theSC/ST/OBC and PwBD category candidates who are otherwise eligible. The number of attemptsavailable to such candidates as per relaxation is as under:

Category to which the Candidate Belongs

SC /ST OBC PwBD Number of attempts Unlimited

09 09 for GL/EWS/OBC Unlimited for SC/ST

Note‐I: The terms – GL for General, EWS for Economically Weaker Sections, SC for Scheduled Castes, ST for Scheduled Tribes, OBC for Other Backward Classes and PwBD for Persons with Benchmark Disability – are used for denoting the categories of candidates taking an attempt at the Examination. Note‐II: An attempt at a Preliminary Examination shall be deemed to be an attempt at the Civil Services Examination. Note‐III : If a candidate actually appears in any one paper in the Preliminary Examination, it will be deemed that the candidate has made an attempt at the Examination. Note‐IV: Notwithstanding any subsequent disqualification/cancellation of candidature, the fact of appearance of the candidate at the Examination will count as an attempt.

(V) Restrictionsonapplyingfortheexamination:(1) A candidate who is appointed to the Indian Administrative Service or the Indian ForeignService based on the results of an earlier Examination and continues to be a member of thatService will not be eligible to appear at the Civil Services Examination-2021. In case such acandidate is appointed to the IAS or IFS after the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination-2021is over and the candidate continues to be a member of that Service, the candidate shall not beeligible to appear in the Civil Services (Main) Examination-2021 notwithstanding havingqualified in the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination-2021. If such a candidate is appointedto the IAS or IFS after the commencement of the Civil Services (Main) Examination-2021 butbefore the result thereof is declared by the Commission and continues to be a member of thatService, the candidate shall not be considered for appointment to any Service/Post on the basisof the result of the CSE-2021.

(2) A candidate who is appointed to the Indian Police Service based on the results of anearlier Examination and continues to be a member of that Service shall not be eligible to opt for the Indian Police Service on the basis of the result of the CSE-2021.

80


(VI) MedicalandPhysicalStandards: Candidates must be physically fit according to physicalstandards for admission to Civil Services Examination, 2021 as per guidelines given inAppendix-III of Rules for Examination published in the Gazette of India Extraordinary dated 4th

March, 2021.

4. FEE:Candidates (excepting Female/SC/ST/Persons with Benchmark Disability Candidates who areexempted from payment of fee) are required to pay fee of Rs. 100/- (Rupees One Hundred only)either by remitting the money in any Branch of State Bank of India or by using Visa/Master/RuPayCredit/Debit Card or by using Internet Banking of SBI. Applicants who opt for "Pay by Cash" modeshould print the system generated Pay-in-slip during part II registration and deposit the fee at thecounter of SBI Branch on the next working day only. "Pay by Cash” mode will be deactivated at11.59 P.M. of 23rd March, 2021 i.e. one day before the closing date; however applicants, who havegenerated their Pay-in- Slip before it is deactivated, may pay at the counter of SBI Branch duringbanking hours on the closing date. Such applicants who are unable to pay by cash on the closingdate i.e. during banking hours at SBI Branch, for reasons whatsoever, even if holding validpay-in-slip will have no other offline option but to opt for available online Debit/Credit Card orInternet Banking payment mode on the closing date i.e. till 06:00 P.M. of 24th March, 2021.

For the applicants in whose case payments details have not been received from the bank they will be treated as fictitious payment cases and a list of all such applicants shall be made available on the Commission website within two weeks after the last day of submission of online application.

These applicants shall also be intimated through e-mail to submit copy of proof of their payment to the Commission at the address mentioned in the e-mail. The applicant shall be required to submit the proof within 10 days from the date of such communication either by hand or by speed post to the Commission. In case, no response is received from the applicants their applications shall be summarily rejected and no further correspondence shall be entertained in this regard. All female candidates and candidates belonging to Scheduled Caste/ Scheduled Tribe/ Persons with Benchmark Disability categories are exempted from payment of fee. No fee exemption is, however, available to OBC/EWS candidates and they are required to pay the prescribed fee in full. Persons with Benchmark Disability are exempted from the payment of fee provided they are otherwise eligible for appointment to the Services/Posts to be filled on the results of this examination on the basis of the standards of medical fitness for these Services/Posts (including any concessions specifically extended to the Persons with Benchmark Disability). A candidate of Persons with Benchmark Disability claiming fee concession will be required by the Commission to submit along with their Detailed Application Form - I, a certified copy of the Certificate of Disability from a Government Hospital/Medical Board in support of his/her claim for belonging to Persons with Benchmark Disability. NB: Notwithstanding, the aforesaid provision for fee exemption, a candidate of Persons with Benchmark Disability will be considered to be eligible for appointment only if the candidate (after such physical examination as the Government or the Appointing Authority, as the case may be, may prescribe) is found to satisfy the requirements of physical and medical standards for the

81


concerned Services/Posts to be allocated to candidates of Persons with Benchmark Disability by the Government. Note I: Applications without the prescribed Fee (unless remission of Fee is claimed) shall be summarily rejected. NoteII: Fee once paid shall not be refunded under any circumstances nor can the fee be held in reserve for any other examination or selection. NoteIII:If any candidate who took the Civil Services Examination held in 2020 wishes to apply for admission to this examination, he/she must submit his/her application without waiting for the results or an offer of appointment. NoteIV: Candidates admitted to the Main Examination will be required to pay a further fee of Rs. 200/- (Rupees Two hundreds only). 5.HowtoApply:(a) Candidates are required to apply online using the website http://www.upsconline.nic.in. Detailed instructions for filling up online applications are available on the above mentioned website. The applicants are advised to submit only single application; however, if due to any unavoidable situation, if an apllicant submits another/multiple applications, then the applicant must ensure that application with the higher RID is complete in all respects like applicants’ details, examination centre, photograph, signature, photo ID, fee etc. The applicants who are submitting multiple applications should note that only the applications with higher RID (Registration ID) shall be entertained by the Commission and fee paid against one RID shall not be adjusted against any other RID. (b) All candidates, whether already in Government Service, Government owned industrial undertakings or other similar organizations or in private employment should submit their applications direct to the Commission. Persons already in Government Service, whether in a permanent or temporary capacity or as work charged employees other than casual or daily rated employees or those serving under the Public Enterprises are however, required to submit an undertaking that they have informed in writing to their Head of Office/Department that they have applied for the Examination. Candidates should note that in case a communication is received from their employer by the Commission withholding permission to the candidates applying for/appearing at the examination, their application will be liable to be rejected/candidature will be liable to be cancelled. NOTE1: While filling in his/her Application Form, the candidate should carefully decide about his/her choice of centre for the Examination. If any candidate appears at a centre other than the one indicated by the Commission in his/her Admission Certificate, the papers of such a candidate will not be evaluated and his/her candidature will be liable to cancellation. NOTE-2: The Persons with Benchmark Disabilities in the categories of blindness, locomotor disability (both arm affected – BA) and cerebral palsy will be provided the facility of scribe, if desired by the person. In case of other category of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities as defined under section 2(r) of the RPWD Act, 2016, the facility of scribe will be allowed to such candidates on production of a certificate to the effect that the person concerned has physical limitation to write, and scribe is essential to write examination on behalf, from the Chief Medical Officer/ Civil Surgeon/ Medical Superintendent of a Government Health Care institution as per proforma at Appendix – IV. The candidates have discretion of opting for his/her own scribe or request the Commission for the same. The details of scribe i.e. whether own or the Commission’s and the

82


details of scribe in case candidates are bringing their own scribe, will be sought at the time of filling up the application form online. Suitable provisions in Online Application have been made. NOTE -3:-The qualification of the Commission’s scribe as well as own scribe will not be more than the minimum qualification criteria of the examination. However, the qualification of the scribe should always be matriculate or above. NOTE -4:- The Persons with Benchmark Disabilities in the category of blindness, locomotor disability (both arm affected – BA) and cerebral palsy will be allowed Compensatory Time of twenty minutes per hour of the examination. In case of other categories of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities, this facility will be provided on production of a certificate to the effect that the person concerned has physical limitation to write from the Chief Medical Officer/ Civil Surgeon/ Medical Superintendent of a Government Health Care institution as per proforma at Appendix – IV.

NOTE‐5: Candidates appearing in Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, 2021 will be required to indicate information such as (a) detail of Centres for Civil Services (Main) Examination and Indian Forest Service (Main) Examination (b) Optional subject to be selected for the examination, (c) Medium of examination for Civil Services (Main) Examination, (d) Medium of Examination forOptional Subject if he/she chooses any Indian Language as the Medium of Examination for CivilServices (Main) Examination and (e) compulsory Indian Language for Civil Services (Main)Examination at the time of the filling up online application itself. No request for changes in thesedetails once online application is submitted shall be entertained by the Commission.NOTE6: Candidates are not required to submit alongwith their applications any certificate insupport of their claims regarding Age, Educational Qualifications, Scheduled Castes/ ScheduledTribes/Other Backward Classes/ Economically Weaker Sections and Persons with BenchmarkDisability etc. which will be verified at the time of the Main examination only.

The candidates applying for the Civil Services Examination should ensure that they fulfil all the eligibility conditions for admission to the Examination. Their admission at all the stages of Examination for which they are admitted by the Commission viz. Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, Civil Services (Main) Examination – either Written or the Interview/Personality Test – will be purely provisional, subject to their satisfying the prescribed eligibility conditions. If onverification at any time before or after the Preliminary Examination, Main Examination (Written)and Interview/Personality Test, it is found that they do not fulfil any of the eligibility conditions,their candidature for the Examination will be cancelled by the Commission. The decision of theCommission as to the eligibility or otherwise of a candidate for admission to the Examination shallbe final.

If any of their claims is found to be incorrect, they may render themselves liable to disciplinary action by the Commission in terms of Rule 19 of the Rules for the Civil Services Examination, 2021 reproduced below: (1) A candidate who is or has been declared by the Commission to be guilty of :-

(a) Obtaining support for candidature by the following means, namely :-(i) offering illegal gratification to; or

(ii) applying pressure on; or(iii) blackmailing, or threatening to blackmail any person connected with the conduct of

the examination; or(b) impersonation; or

83


(c) procuring impersonation by any person; or(d) submitting fabricated/incorrect documents or documents which have been tampered

with; or(e) uploading irrelevant or incorrect photo/signature in the application form in place of

actual photo/signature; or(f) making statements which are incorrect or false or suppressing material information; or(g) resorting to the following means in connection with the candidature for the examination,

namely :-(i) obtaining copy of question paper through improper means; or

(ii) finding out the particulars of the persons connected with secret work relating to theexamination; or

(iii) influencing the examiners; or(h) being in possession of or using unfair means during the examination; or(i) writing obscene matter or drawing obscene sketches or irrelevant matter in the scripts;

or(j) misbehaving in the examination hall including tearing of the scripts, provoking fellow

examinees to boycott examination, creating a disorderly scene and the like; or(k) harassing, threatening or doing bodily harm to the staff employed by the Commission for

the conduct of the examination; or(l) being in possession of or using any mobile phone, (even in switched-off mode), pager or

any electronic equipment or programmable device or storage media like pen drive, smartwatches etc. or camera or bluetooth devices or any other equipment or relatedaccessories (either in working or switched-off mode) capable of being used as acommunication device during the examination; or

(m)violating any of the instructions issued to candidates along with their admissioncertificates permitting them to take the examination; or

(n) attempting to commit or, as the case may be, abetting the commission of all or any of theacts specified in the foregoing clauses;

in addition to being liable to criminal prosecution, shall be disqualified by the Commission from the Examination held under these Rules; and/or shall be liable to be debarred either permanently or for a specified period :-

(i) by the Commission, from any examination or selection held by them;(ii) by the Central Government from any employment under them;

and shall be liable to face disciplinary action under the appropriate rules if already in service under Government; Provided that no penalty under this rule shall be imposed except after :-

(i) giving the candidate an opportunity of making such representation in writing as thecandidate may wish to make in that behalf; and

(ii) taking the representation, if any, submitted by the candidate within the periodallowed for this purpose, into consideration.

(2) Any person who is found by the Commission to be guilty of colluding with a candidate(s) incommitting or abetting the commission of any of the misdeeds listed at the clauses (a) to (m) above will be liable to action in terms of the clause (n) in Rule 19 (1) above.

84


6. LASTDATEFORONLINESUBMISSIONOFAPPLICATIONS:The Online Applications can be filled up to 24th March, 2021 till 6:00 P.M. after which the link

will be disabled. Detailed instructions regarding filling of online application is available at Appendix-IIA.

7. CORRESPONDENCEWITHTHECOMMISSION:The Commission will not enter into any correspondence with the candidates about theircandidature except in the following cases:(i) The eligible candidates shall be issued an e-Admit Card three weeks before the commencementof the examination. The e-Admit Card will be made available on the UPSC website[www.upsc.gov.in] for downloading by candidates. No Admit Card will be sent by post. If acandidate does not receive his e-Admit Card or any other communication regarding his/hercandidature for the examination three weeks before the commencement of the examination,he/she should at once contact the Commission. Information in this regard can also be obtainedfrom the Facilitation Counter located in the Commission’s Office either in person or over phoneNos. 011-23381125/011- 23385271/011-23098543. In case no communication is received in theCommission's Office from the candidate regarding non-receipt of his/her e-Admit Card at least 3weeks before the examination, he/she himself/herself will be solely responsible for non-receipt ofhis/her e- Admit Card. No candidate will ordinarily be allowed to take the examination unlesshe/she holds an e-Admit Card for the examination. On downloading of e-Admit Card, check itcarefully and bring discrepancies/errors, if any, to the notice of UPSC immediately.The candidates should note that their admission to the examination will be purely provisionalbased on the information given by them in the Application Form. This will be subject toverification of all the eligibility conditions by the UPSC.The mere fact that an e-Admit Card to the Examination has been issued to a candidate, will notimply that his/her candidature has been finally cleared by the Commission or that entries made bythe candidate in his/her application for the Preliminary examination have been accepted by theCommission as true and correct. Candidates may note that the Commission takes up theverification of eligibility conditions of a candidate, with reference to original documents, only afterthe candidate has qualified for Civil Services (Main) Examination. Unless candidature is formallyconfirmed by the Commission, it continues to be provisional.The decision of the Commission as to the eligibility or otherwise of a candidate for admission tothe Examination shall be final.Candidates should note that the name in the Admit Card in some cases, may be abbreviated due totechnical reasons.(ii) In the event of a candidate downloading more than one Admit Card from the Commission'swebsite, he/she should use only one of these Admit Card for appearing in the examination andreport about the other(s) to the Commission's Office.(iii) Candidates are informed that as the Preliminary Examination is only a screening test, nomarks sheets will be supplied to successful or unsuccessful candidates and no correspondence willbe entertained by the Commission, in this regard.(iv) Candidates must ensure that their emails IDs given in their online application are valid andactive.Important: All communications to the Commission should invariably contain the followingparticulars.

85


1. Name and year of the examination.2. Registration ID (RID)3. Roll Number (if received)4. Name of candidate (in full and in block letters)5. Complete postal address as given in the application.N.B.I. Communication not containing the above particulars may not be attended to.N.B. II. Candidates should also note down their RID number for future reference. They may berequired to indicate the same in connection with their candidature for the Civil Services (Main)Examination.

8. ReservationagainstvacanciesforPersonswithBenchmarkDisability:

The eligibility for availing reservation against the vacancies reserved for the Persons with

Benchmark Disabilities shall be the same as prescribed in “The Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Act, 2016 (RPwD Act, 2016)”. The candidates of Multiple Disabilities will be eligible for

reservation under category (e)-Multiple Disabilities only of Section 34(1) of RPwD Act, 2016 and

shall not be eligible for reservation under any other categories of disabilities i.e. (a) to (d) of

Section 34(1) of RPwD Act, 2016 on account of having disability of 40% and above in any of these

sub-categories of PwBD.

Provided further that the candidates from Persons with Benchmark Disability category

shall also be required to meet special eligibility criteria in terms of Functional Classification and

Physical Requirements (abilities/disabilities) (FC&PR) consistent with requirements of the

identified Service/post as may be prescribed by its Cadre Controlling Authority.

Note‐I : The details of Functional Classification (FC) and Physical Requirements (PR) of each

Service participating in CSE-2021 are indicated in Para -1 of this Examination Notice which are

identified and prescribed by the respective Cadre Controlling Authorities (CCAs) as per the

provisions of Section 33 and 34 of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016. This list is also

available in the Rules of Civil Services Examination, 2021 at Appendix – IV.

Note‐II : Persons with Benchmark Disability with only those category(ies) of disability(ies)

mentioned in Para-1 of this Examination Notice shall be eligible to apply for the Examination

under PwBD category. Therefore, candidates concerned are advised to read it carefully before

applying appropriately for admission to the Examination.

Note‐III: Candidates belonging to Persons with Benchmark Disability category are likely to have

been previously tested and in possession of related medical certificates even before applying for

admission to the Examination. However, it is to be noted clearly that the prescribed Medical

Examination as per these Rules, also including that for benchmark disability category(ies), shall be

mandatory and only the results of the prescribed Medical Examination shall be deemed valid for

assessing whether a PwBD category candidate meets the requirements to be appointed.

86


Thephysicalrequirementandfunctionalclassificationcanforexamplebeoneormoreofthefollowing:Categories of Disabled OH Orthopaedically Handicapped

VH Visually Handicapped HI Hearing Impaired

Sub-categories OA One Arm

OL One Leg BA Both Arms

BL Both Legs

BH Both Hands MW Muscular Weakness OAL One Arm One Leg

BLA Both Legs and Arms BLOA Both Legs One Arm LV Low Vision

B Blind

D Deaf HH Hard of Hearing

CP Cerebral Palsy LC Leprosy Cured D Dwarfism

AAV Acid Attack Victims MDy Muscular Dystrophy MD Multiple Disabilities

Physical Requirements S Sitting ST Standing W Walking

SE Seeing H Hearing/Speaking RW Reading and Writing

C Communication MF Manipulation by Finger

PP Pushing & Pulling

L Lifting KC Kneeling and Crouching BN Bending

JU Jumping M Mobility CL Climbing

Note: Theabovelistissubjecttorevision.

87


9. EligibilityforAvailingReservation:

(1) A candidate will be eligible to get the benefit of community reservation only in case theparticular caste to which the candidate belongs is included in the list of reserved communitiesissued by the Central Government.

(2) The OBC candidates applying for CSE-2021 must produce OBC (Non-Creamy Layer) certificatebased on the income for the Financial Year (FY) 2019-2020, 2018-19 and 2017-18.

(3) A candidate will be eligible to get the benefit of the Economically Weaker Section reservationonly in case the candidate meets the criteria issued by the Central Government and is inpossession of requisite Income & Asset Certificate based on income for Financial Year (FY)2019-2020.

10. Candidates seeking reservation/relaxation benefits available for SC/ST/OBC/EWS/PwBD/Ex-servicemen must ensure that they are entitled to such reservation/relaxation as per eligibility prescribed in the Rules/Notice. They should also be in possession of all the requisite certificates in the prescribed format in support of their claim as stipulated in the Rules/Notice for such benefits, and these certificates should be dated earlier than the due date (closing date) of the application of Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, 2021.

11. The closing date fixed for the receipt of the application of Civil Services (Preliminary)Examination - 2021 will be treated as the date for determining the OBC status (including that ofcreamy layer) of the candidates.

12. ChangeofCategory:

If the category indicated by a candidate in the application form for Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination is Unreserved category but the candidate subsequently writes to the Commission to change the category to a reserved one, such request shall not be entertained by the Commission. Further, once a candidate has chosen a reserved category, no request shall be entertained for change to other reserved category viz. SC to ST, ST to SC, OBC to SC/ST or SC/ST to OBC, SC to EWS, EWS to SC, ST to EWS, EWS to ST, OBC to EWS, EWS to OBC. No Reserved category candidates other than those recommended on General Merit shall be allowed to change their category from Reserved to Unreserved or claim the vacancies (Service/Cadre) for Unreserved category after the declaration of final result by UPSC.

Further, no candidate belonging to any sub-category of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities (PwBD) shall be allowed to change the sub-category of disability.

While the above principle will be followed in general, there may be a few cases where there was a gap of not more than 3 months between the issuance of a Government Notification enlisting a particular community in the list of any of the reserved communities and the date of submission of the application by the candidate. In such cases, the request of change of category from Unreserved to Reserved may be considered by the Commission on merit. In case of a candidate unfortunately becoming a Candidate belonging to Person with Benchmark Disability during the course of the examination process, the candidate should produce valid document of acquiring a disability to the extent of 40% or more as defined under the RPwD Act, 2016 to enable drawing

88


the benefits of reservation as available to the Persons with Benchmark Disability (PwBD).

13. Withdrawalofapplications: The online Applications can be withdrawn from 31st March, 2021 to 6th April, 2021 till 6.00 PM after which the link will be disabled. Detailed instructions regarding withdrawal of Applications is available at Appendix IIB. No request for withdrawal of candidature will, however, be entertained after the expiry of the specified period by the Commission under any circumstances.

(Raj Kumar) JOINT SECRETARY

UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

APPENDIXI

SECTIONI:PLAN OF EXAMINATION

The Civil Services Examination comprises two successive stages:

(i) Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination (Objective Type) for the selection of candidates for Civil Services (Main) Examination; and

(ii) Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written and Interview/Personality Test) for the selection of candidates for the various Services and posts.

2. The Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will consist of two papers of Objective type (multiple choice questions) and carry a maximum of 400 marks in the subjects set out in sub-section (A) of Section II. This examination is meant to serve as a screening test only; the marks obtained in the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination by the candidates who are declared qualified for admission to the Civil Services (Main) Examination will not be counted for determining their final order of merit. The number of candidates to be admitted to the Civil Services (Main) Examination will be about twelve to thirteen times the total approximate number of vacancies to be filled in the year through this Examination. Only those candidates who are declared by the Commission to have qualified in the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination in the year will be eligible for admission to the Civil Services (Main) Examination of that year provided they are otherwise eligible for admission to the Civil Services (Main) Examination.

Note I :The Commission will draw a list of candidates to be qualified for Civil Services (Main) Examination based on the criterion of minimum qualifying marks of 33% in General Studies Paper-II of Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination and total qualifying marks of General Studies Paper-I of Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination as may be determined by the Commission.

NoteII:There will be negative marking for incorrect answers as detailed below :

(i) There are four alternatives for the answers to every question. For each question for which a wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-third (0.33) of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as penalty.

(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the given answers happen to be correct and there will be same penalty as above for that question.

(iii) If a question is left blank i.e. no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty

89


for that question.

3. The Civil Services (Main) Examination will consist of a Written Examination and an Interview/Personality Test. The Written Examination will consist of 9 papers of conventional essay type in the subjects set out in sub-section (B) of Section-II out of which two papers will be of qualifying in nature. [Also see Note (ii) under Para-I of Section II-(B)]. Marks obtained for all the compulsory papers (Paper-I to Paper-VII) and Marks obtained in Interview/Personality Test will be counted for ranking.

4.1 Candidates who obtain such minimum qualifying marks in the written part of the Civil Services (Main) Examination as may be fixed by the Commission at their discretion, shall be summoned by them for an Interview/Personality Test, vide sub-section (C) of Section-II. The number of candidates to be summoned for Interview/Personality Test will be about twice of the number of vacancies to be filled. The Interview/Personality Test will carry 275 marks (with no minimum qualifying marks).

4.2 Marks thus obtained by the candidates in the Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written part as well as Interview/Personality Test) would determine their final ranking. Candidates will be allotted to the various Services keeping in view their ranks in the examination and the preferences expressed by them for the various Services and posts.

SECTIONII:SchemeandSubjectsforthePreliminaryandMainExamination

A. PRELIMINARYEXAMINATION:

The Examination shall comprise of two compulsory Papers of 200 marks each. Note:

(i) Both the question papers will be of the objective type (multiple choice questions) and each will be of two hours duration.

(ii) The General Studies Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a qualifying paper with minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%.

(iii) The question papers will be set both in Hindi and English. (iv) Details of the syllabi are indicated in Part A of Section III.

B.MAINEXAMINATION: The Written Examination will consist of the following papers:—

QualifyingPapers:

Paper‐A

(One of the Indian Language to be selected by the candidate from the Languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution). 300Marks

Paper‐B

English 300Marks

Paperstobecountedformerit:

Paper‐I

Essay 250Marks

Paper‐II

90


GeneralStudies‐I 250Marks

(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)

Paper‐III

GeneralStudies‐II 250Marks

(Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations)

Paper‐IV

GeneralStudies‐III 250Marks

(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)

Paper‐V

GeneralStudies‐IV 250Marks

(Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude)

Paper‐VI

OptionalSubject‐Paper1 250Marks

Paper‐VII

OptionalSubject‐Paper2 250Marks

SubTotal(Writtentest) 1750Marks

PersonalityTest 275Marks

GrandTotal 2025Marks

Candidatesmaychooseanyoneof theoptionalsubjects fromamongst the listofsubjectsgiveninpara2below:—

Note:

(i) The papers on Indian languages and English (Paper A and paper B) will be ofMatriculation or equivalent standard and will be of qualifying nature. The marks obtainedin these papers will not be counted for ranking.

(ii) Evaluation of the papers, namely, 'Essay', 'General Studies' and Optional Subject of all thecandidates would be done simultaneously along with evaluation of their qualifying paperson ‘Indian Languages’ and ‘English’ but the papers on Éssay', General Studies andOptional Subject of only such candidates will be taken cognizance who attain 25% marksin ‘Indian Language’ and 25% in English as minimum qualifying standards in thesequalifying papers.

(iii) The paper A on Indian Language will not, however, be compulsory for candidates hailingfrom the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim.

(iv) The paper A on Indian Language will not, however, be compulsory for Candidatesbelonging to Persons with Benchmark Disability (only Hearing Impairment sub-category)provided that they have been granted such exemption from 2nd or 3rd language coursesby the concerned education Board/University. The candidate needs to provide anundertaking/self declaration in this regard in order to claim such an exemption to theCommission.

91


(v) Marks obtained by the candidates for the Paper I-VII only will be counted for merit ranking. However, the Commission will have the discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all of these papers.

(vi) For the Language medium/literature of languages, the scripts to be used by the candidates will be as under :—

Language Script Assamese Assamese Bengali Bengali Gujarati Gujarati Hindi Devanagari Kannada Kannada Kashmiri Persian Konkani Devanagari Malayalam Malayalam Manipuri Bengali Marathi Devanagari Nepali Devanagari Odia Odia Punjabi Gurumukhi Sanskrit Devanagari Sindhi Devanagari or Arabic Tamil Tamil Telugu Telugu Urdu Persian Bodo Devanagari Dogri Devanagari Maithilli Devanagari Santhali Devanagari or Olchiki

Note: For Santhali language, question paper will be printed in Devanagari script; but candidates will be free to answer either in Devanagari script or in Olchiki.

2. List of optional subjects for Main Examination:

(i) Agriculture (ii) Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science (iii) Anthropology (iv) Botany (v) Chemistry (vi) Civil Engineering (vii) Commerce and Accountancy (viii) Economics (ix) Electrical Engineering

92


(x) Geography(xi) Geology

(xii) History(xiii) Law(xiv) Management(xv) Mathematics

(xvi) Mechanical Engineering(xvii) Medical Science

(xviii) Philosophy(xix) Physics(xx) Political Science and International Relations

(xxi) Psychology(xxii) Public Administration

(xxiii) Sociology(xxiv) Statistics(xxv) Zoology

(xxvi) Literature of any one of the following languages:

Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili,Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and English.

Note:

(i) The question papers for the examination will be of conventional (essay) type.

(ii) Each paper will be of three hours duration.

(iii) Candidates will have the option to answer all the question papers, except the QualifyingLanguage Papers, Paper-A and Paper-B, in any one of the languages included in the EighthSchedule to the Constitution of India or in English. Notwithstanding this, the Candidatewill have the choice to write the Optional Papers in English also if candidates opt to writePaper I-V except the Qualifying Language Papers, Paper-A and Paper-B, in any one of thelanguage included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India.

(iv) Candidates exercising the option to answer Papers in any one of the languages included inthe Eight Schedule to the Constitution of India mentioned above may, if they so desire,give English version within brackets of only the description of the technical terms, if any,in addition to the version in the language opted by them. Candidates should, however,note that if they misuse the above rule, a deduction will be made on this account from thetotal marks otherwise accruing to them and in extreme cases; their script(s) will not bevalued for being in an unauthorized medium.

(v) Candidates should note that if any irrelevant matter/signages/marks etc. are foundwritten in the answer script(s), which would not be related to any question/answerand/or would be having the potential to disclose the candidate’s identity, the Commissionwill impose a penalty of deduction of marks from the total marks otherwise accruing to

93


the candidate or will not evaluate the said script(s) on this account.

(vi) The question papers (other than the literature of language papers) will be set in Hindiand English only.

(vii) The details of the syllabi are set out in Part B of Section III.

GeneralInstructions(PreliminaryaswellasMainExamination):

(i) Candidates must write the papers in their own hand. In no circumstances will they beallowed the help of a scribe to write the answers for them. The Persons with BenchmarkDisabilities in the categories of blindness, locomotor disability (both arm affected – BA)and cerebral palsy will be provided the facility of scribe, if desired by the person. In caseof other category of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities as defined under section 2 (r) ofthe RPWD Act, 2016, the facility of scribe will be allowed to such candidates onproduction of a certificate to the effect that the person concerned has physical limitationto write, and scribe is essential to write examination on behalf, from the Chief MedicalOfficer/Civil Surgeon/Medical Superintendent of a Government Health Care institution asper proforma at Appendix-IV.

(ii) The candidates have discretion of opting for their own scribe or request the Commissionfor the same. The details of scribe i.e. whether own or the Commission’s and the details ofscribe in case candidates are bringing their own scribe, will be sought at the time of fillingup the application form online as per proforma at Appendix-V.

(iii) The qualification of the Commission’s scribe as well as own scribe will not be more thanthe minimum qualification criteria of the examination. However, the qualification of thescribe should always be matriculate or above.

(iv) The Persons with Benchmark Disabilities in the category of blindness, locomotordisability (both arms affected-BA) and cerebral palsy will be allowed Compensatory Timeof twenty minutes per hour of the examination. In case of other categories of Personswith Benchmark Disabilities, this facility will be provided on production of a certificate tothe effect that the person concerned has physical limitation to write from the ChiefMedical Officer/Civil Surgeon/Medical Superintendent of a Government Health Careinstitution as per proforma at Appendix-IV.

Note (1) : The eligibility conditions of a scribe and the conduct of scribe inside the examination hall and the manner in which and extent to which the scribe can help the Persons with Benchmark Disabilities (PwBD) candidate in writing the Civil Services Examination shall be governed by the instructions issued by the UPSC in this regard. Violation of all or any of the said instructions shall entail the cancellation of the candidature of the Persons with Benchmark Disabilities (PwBD) candidate in addition to any other action that the UPSC may take against the scribe.

Note (2) : The criteria for determining the percentage of visual impairment shall be as follows :—

Better eye Best Corrected

Worse eye Best Corrected

Per Cent Impairment

Disability category

1 2 3 4 6/6 to 6/18 6/6 to 6/18 0% 0

94


6/24 to 6/60 10% 0 Less than 6/60 to 3/60 20% I Less than 3/60 No Light

Perception 30% II (One eyed

person) 6/24 to 6/60 Or Visual field less than 40 up to 20 degree around centre of fixation or heminaopia involving macula

6/24 to 6/60 40% III a (low vision)Less than 6/60 to 3/60 50% III b (low

vision) Less than 3/60 to No Light Perception

60% III c (low vision)

Less than 6/60 to 3/60 Or Visual field less than 20 up to 10 degree around centre of fixation

Less than 6/60 to 3/60 70% III d (low vision)

Less than 3/60 to No Light Perception

80% III e (low vision)

Less than 3/60 to 1/60 Or Visual field less than 10 degree around centre of fixation

Less than 3/60 to No Light Perception

90% IV a (Blindness)

Only HMCF Only Light Perception, No Light perception

Only HMCF Only Light Perception, No Light perception

100% IV b (Blindness)

Note (3) : The concession admissible to blind candidates shall not be admissible to

those suffering from Myopia.

(v) The Commission have discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all the subjects of the examination.

(vi) If a candidate’s handwriting is not easily legible, a deduction will be made on this account from the total marks otherwise accruing to the candidate.

(vii) Marks will not be allotted for mere superficial knowledge.

(viii) Credit will be given for orderly, effective and exact expression combined with due economy of words in all subjects of the examination.

(ix) In the question papers, wherever required, SI units will be used.

(x) Candidates should use only International form of Indian numerals (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 etc.) while answering question papers.

(xi) Candidates will be allowed the use of Scientific (Non-Programmable type) Calculators at the conventional (Essay) type examination of UPSC. Programmable type calculators will however not be allowed and the use of such calculators shall tantamount to resorting to unfair means by the candidates. Loaning or interchanging of calculators in the Examination Hall is not permitted. It is also important to note that candidates are not permitted to use calculators for answering objective type papers (Test Booklets). They should not therefore bring the same inside the Examination Hall.

95


C. Interview/PersonalityTest

The candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a record of the candidate’s career. The candidate will be asked questions on matters of general interest. The object of the Interview/Personality Test is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public service by a Board of competent and unbiased observers. The Interview/Personality Test is intended to judge the mental calibre of a candidate. In broad terms this is really an assessment of not only intellectual qualities but also social traits and interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity.

2. The technique of the Interview/Personality Test is not that of a strict cross-examination but of a natural, though directed and purposive conversation which is intended to reveal the mental qualities of the candidate.3. The Interview/Personality Test is not intended to be a test either of the specialized or general knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written papers. Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects of academic study but also in the events which are happening around them both within and outside their own State or Country as well as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of well-educated youth.

SECTIONIII: SYLLABIFORTHE EXAMINATIONNote: Candidates are advised to go through the Syllabus published in this Section for the Preliminary Examination and the Main Examination, as periodic revision of syllabus has been done in several subjects.

PartA—PreliminaryExamination

PaperI‐(200marks) Duration:Twohours

Current events of national and international importance. History of India and Indian National Movement. Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World. Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc. Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc. General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change - that do not require subject specialization. General Science.

PaperII‐(200marks) Duration:Twohours Comprehension;

Interpersonal skills including communication skills;

96


Logical reasoning and analytical ability;

Decision making and problem solving;

General mental ability;

Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data

interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. — Class X level); Note1:Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a qualifying paper with

minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%. Note2:The questions will be of multiple choice, objective type.

Note3:It is mandatory for the candidate to appear in both the Papers of Civil Services (Prelim) Examination for the purpose of evaluation. Therefore a candidate will be disqualified in case he/she does not appear in both the papers of Civil Services (Prelim) Examination.

PartB—MainExamination

The main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory.

The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers (Paper II to Paper V) will be such that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study. The questions will be such as to test a candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers.

The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the examination is broadly of the honours degree 1evel i.e. a level higher than the bachelors’ degree and lower than the masters’ degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and law, the level corresponds to the bachelors’ degree.

Syllabi of the papers included in the scheme of Civil Services (Main) Examination are given as follows :—

QUALIFYINGPAPERSONINDIANLANGUAGESANDENGLISH

The aim of the paper is to test the candidates' ability to read and understand serious discursive prose, and to express ideas clearly and correctly, in English and Indian language concerned.

The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows :

(i) Comprehension of given passages.

(ii) Precis Writing.

(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.

(iv) Short Essays.

IndianLanguages:—

97


(i) comprehension of given passages.

(ii) Precis Writing.

(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.

(iv) Short Essays.

(v) Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa.

Note 1 : The papers on Indian Languages and English will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and will be of qualifying nature only. The marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking.

Note2:The candidates will have to answer the English and Indian Languages papers in English and the respective Indian language (except where translation is involved).

PAPER‐I

Essay:Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

PAPER‐II

General Studies‐I: IndianHeritage andCulture,History andGeography of theWorld andSociety.

Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture fromancient to modern times.

Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.

The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions fromdifferent parts of the country.

Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution,world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, politicalphilosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.

Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.

Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty anddevelopmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.

Effects of globalization on Indian society.

Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.

Salient features of world’s physical geography.

Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indiansub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectorindustries in various parts of the world (including India).

Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone

98


etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

PAPER‐III

General Studies‐ II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and Internationalrelations.

Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significantprovisions and basic structure.

Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining tothe federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challengestherein.

Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.

Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.

Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers &privileges and issues arising out of these.

Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries andDepartments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and theirrole in the Polity.

Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities ofvarious Constitutional Bodies.

Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.

Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arisingout of their design and implementation.

Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, variousgroups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.

Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and theperformance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for theprotection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.

Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health,Education, Human Resources.

Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency &accountability and institutional and other measures.

Role of civil services in a democracy.

India and its neighborhood- relations.

Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting

99


India’s interests.

Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.

Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

PAPER‐IV

General Studies‐III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment,SecurityandDisasterManagement

Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.

Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

Government Budgeting.

Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, - different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.

Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.

Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.

Land reforms in India.

Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.

Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

Investment models.

Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.

Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

Disaster and disaster management.

Linkages between development and spread of extremism.

Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.

Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.

100


Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of organized crime with terrorism.

Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

PAPER‐V

GeneralStudies‐IV:Ethics,IntegrityandAptitude

This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered :

Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics - in private and public relationships. Human Values - lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.

Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.

Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.

Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.

Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.

Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.

Case Studies on above issues.

PAPER‐VI&PAPERVII

OptionalSubjectPapersI&II

Candidate may choose any optional subject from amongst the List of Optional Subjects given in Para 2.

AGRICULTURE

PAPER‐I

Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production. Agro

101


ecology; cropping pattern as indicators of environments. Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops, animals and humans. Climate change—International conventions and global initiatives. Green house effect and global warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysis—Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of the country. Impact of high-yielding and short-duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of various cropping, and farming systems. Organic and Precision farming. Package of practices for production of important cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops.

Important features, and scope of various types of forestry plantations such as social forestry, agro-forestry, and natural forests : Propagation of forest plants. Forest products. Agro-forestry and value addition. Conservation of forest flora and fauna.

Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; their multiplications; cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds.

Soil—physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes and factors of soil formation. Soils of India. Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soil productivity. Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility, soil testing and fertiliser recommendations, integrated nutrient management Biofertilizers. Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen-use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. Efficient phosphoruse and potassium use. Problem soils and their reclamation. Soil factors affecting green house gas emission.

Soil conservation, integrated watershed management. Soil erosion and its management. Dry land agriculture and its problems. Technology for stabilising agriculture production in rainfed areas.

Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water. Rainwater harvesting. Drip and sprinkler irrigation. Drainage of water-logged soils, quality of irrigation water, effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution. Irrigation projects in India.

Farm management, scope, importance and characteristics, farm planning. Optimum resource use and budgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems. Marketing management strategies for development, market intelligence. Price fluctuations and their cost; role of co-operatives in agricultural economy; types and systems of farming and factors affecting them. Agricultural price policy. Crop Insurance.

Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methods of evaluation of extension programmes, socio-economic survey and status of big, small and marginal farmers and landless agricultural labourers; Training programmes for extension workers. Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (KVK) in dissemination of Agricultural technologies. Non-Government Organisation (NGO) and self-help group approach for rural development.

PAPER‐II

Cell structure, function and cell cycle. Synthesis, structure and function of genetic material. Laws of heredity. Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage and cross-over, and their significance in recombination breeding. Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids. Mutation—and their role in crop improvement. Heritability, sterility and incompatibility, classification and their

102


application in crop improvement. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex-influenced and sex-limited characters.

History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, selfing and crossing techniques. Origin, evolution and domestication of crop plants, center of origin, law of homologous series, crop genetic resources—conservation and utilization. Application of principles of plant breeding, improvement of crop plants. Molecular markers and their application in plant improvement. Pure-line selection, pedigree, mass and recurrent selections, combining ability, its significance in plant breeding. Heterosis and its exploitation. Somatic hybridization. Breeding for disease and pest resistance. Role of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in crop improvement Gernetically modified crop plants.

Seed production and processing technologies. Seed certification, Seed testing and storage. DNA finger printing and seed registration. Role of public and private sectors in seed production, and marketing. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues and its impact on Agriculture.

Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, translocation and metabolism of nutrients. Soil-water-plant relationship.

Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis—modern concepts and factors affecting the

process, aerobic and anaerobic respiration; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms. Carbohydrate, protein

and fat metabolism. Growth and development; photoperiodism and vernalization. Plant growth substances and their role in crop production. Physiology of seed development and germination; dormancy. Stress physiology—draught, salt and water stress.

Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and flower crops. Package practices of major horticultural crops. Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture. Post-harvest technology and value addition of fruits and vegetables. Landscaping and commercial floriculture. Medicinal and aromatic plants. Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition.

Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their economic importance. Classification of pests and diseases and their management. Intergrated pest and diseases management. Storage pests and their management. Biological control of pests and diseases. Epidemiology and forecasting of major crop pests and diseases. Plant quarantine measures. Pesticides, their formulation and modes of action.

Food production and consumption trends in India. Food security and growing population—vision 2020. Reasons for grain surplus. National and International food policies. Production, procurement, distribution constraints. Availability of foodgtrains, per capita expenditure on food. Trends in poverty, Public Distribution System and Below Poverty Line population, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy implementation in context to globalization. Processing constraints. Relation of food production to National Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern. Food based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger. Nutrient deficiency—Micro nutrient deficiency : Protein Energy Malnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiency and HRD in context of work capacity of women and children. Food grain productivity and food security.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRYANDVETERINARYSCIENCE

PAPER‐I

103


1. AnimalNutrition:

1.1 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry.Carbon—nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for expressing energy value of foods in ruminants, pigs and poultry. Energy requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meat production.

1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein inter-relationships. Evaluation of protein quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool and meat production.

1.3 Major and trace minerals—Their sources, physiological functions and deficiency symptoms. Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fatsoluble and water—soluble vitamins in the body, their sources and deficiency symptoms.

1.4 Feed additives—methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hormones, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers etc. Use and abuse of growth promoters like harmones and antibiotics—latest concepts.

1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent advances in feed technology and feed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic factors present in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and quality control. Digestibility trials—direct, indirect and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in grazing animals.

1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves, pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies for feeding milch animals during different stages of lactation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition. Feeding of goats for meat and milk production. Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production.

1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisher rations. Feeding of pigs for lean meat production. Low cost rations for swine.

1.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requirements for meat and egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes of layers and broilers.

2. AnimalPhysiology:

2.1 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion. Endocrine glands in healthand disease.

2.2 Blood constituents.—Properties and functions-blood cell formation—Haemoglobin synthesis and chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification and properties, coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagic disorders—anti-coagulants—blood groups—Blood volume—Plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in disease diagnosis.

2.3 Circulation.—Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat, electrocardiograms. Work and efficiency of heart—effect of ions on heart function-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, effect of temperature and stress on heart, blood pressuer and hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds.

104


2.4 Respiration.—Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases-neural control of respiration-Chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.

2.5 Excretion.—Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of studying renal function-renal regulation of acid-base balance : physiological constituents of urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary secretion in chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Bio-chemical test for urinary dysfunction.

2.6 Endocrine glands.—Functional disorders—their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of hormones, mechanism and control of secretion—hormonal receptors-classification and function.

2.7 Growth and Animal Production.—Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition, meat quality.

2.8 Physiology of Milk Production, Reproduction and Digestion.—Current status of hormonal control of mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection. Male and Female reproductive organs, their components and functions. Digestive organs and their functions.

2.9 Environmental Physiology.—Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms of adaptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms involved in animal behaviour, climatology—various parameters and their importance. Animal ecology. Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress on health and production.

3. AnimalReproduction:

Semen quality.—Preservation and Artificial Insemination—Components of semen, composition of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and quality, preservation, composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine and poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception. Anoestrus and repeat breeding.

4. LivestockProductionandManagement:

4.1 Commercial Dairy Farming.—Comparison of dairy farming in India with advancedcountries. Dairying under mixed farming and as specialized farming, economic dairy farming. Starting of a dairy farm, Capital and land requirement, organization of the dairy farm. Opportunities in dairy farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy animal. Heard recording, budgeting cost of milk production, pricing policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practical and Economic rations for dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year, feed and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes for young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals; new trends in feeding young and adult stock; Feeding records.

4.2 Commercial meat, egg and wool production.—Development of practical and economic rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding regimes

105


for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and management. Capital and land requirements and socio-economic concept.

4.3 Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood and other natural calamities.

5.GeneticsandAnimalBreeding:

5.1 History of animal genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis : Mendelian inheritance; deviations to Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex determination, sex influenced and sex limited characters; Blood groups and polymorphism; Chromosome aberrations; Cytoplasmic inheritance, Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic code and protein synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate, Transgenesis.

5.2 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding—Quantitative Vs. Qualitative traits; Hardy Weinberg Law; Population Vs. Individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces changing gene frequency; Random drift and small populations; Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding; Effective population size; Breeding value, estimation of breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation; Partitioning of variation; Genotype X environment correlation and genotype X environment interaction; role of multiple measurements; Resemblance between relatives.

5.3 Breeding Systems.—Breeds of livestsock and Poultry. Heritability, repeatability and genetic and phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to selection and their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family and within family selection; Pregnency testing; Methods of selection; Construction of selection indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gains through various selection methods; Indirect selection and correlated response; Inbreeding, out breeding, upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercial production; Selection for general and specific combining ability; Breeding for threshold characters. Sire index.

6.Extension:

Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different Methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology, its transfer and feedback. Problems and constraints in transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural development.

PAPER‐II

1.Anatomy,PharmacologyandHygiene:

1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques : Paraffin embedding technique of tissue processing and H.E. staining—Freezing microtomy—Microscopy Bright field microscope and electron microscope. Cytology-structure of cell organells and inclusions; cell division-cell types—Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult tissues—Comparative histology of organs—Vascular, Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems—Endocrine glands—Integuments—sense organs.

1.2 Embryology.—Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal membranes and placentation-types of placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and

106


twinning-organogenesis-germ layer derivatives-endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives.

1.3 Bovine Anatomy.—Regional Anatomy : Paranasal sinuses of OX— surface anatomy of salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandi-buloalveolar, mental and cornnal nerve block. Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudental nerve, median, ulnar and radial nervestibial, fibular and digital nerves—Cranial nerves-structures involved in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative-features of locomotor apparatus and their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body.

1.4 AnatomyofFowl.—Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration and flying, digestion and egg production.

1.5 Pharmacology and therapeutics drugs.—Cellular level of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugs acting on Autonomic nervous system. Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative anaesthetics. Autocoids. Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use of hormones in therapeutics—chemotherapy of parasitic infections. Drug and economic concerns in the Edible tissues of animals—chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to “insecticides, plants, metals, non-metals, zootoxins and mycotoxins”.

1.6 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation.—Assessment of pollution of water, air and soil—Importance of climate in animal health—effect of environment on animal function and performance relationship between industrialisation and animal agriculture—animal housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animals viz. pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broiler birds—stress, strain and productivity in relation to animal habitation.

2.AnimalDiseases:

2.1 Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, post-moretem lesions, diagnosis, and control of infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goat, horses, pigs and poultry.

2.2 Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, horse, pig and poultry.

2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.

2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisioning.

2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.

2.6 Principlesandmethodsofimmunisationofanimalsagainstspecificdiseases—hardimmunity—disease free zones—‘zero’ disease concept—chemoprophylaxis.

2.7 Anaesthesia.—local, regional and general-prenesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, choking abomassal displacement—Caesarian operations. Rumenotomy—Castrations.

2.8 Disease investigation techniques.—Materials for laboratory investigation—Establishment. Animal Health Centres—Disease free zone.

3.VeterinaryPublicHealth:

107


3.1 Zoonoses.—Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonotic diseases—occupational zoonotic diseases.

3.2 Epidemiology.—Principle, definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control. Epidemiological features of air, water and food borne infections. OIE regulation, WTO, sanitary and phytosanitary measures.

3.3 VeterinaryJurisprudence.—Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and prevention of animal diseases—State and Central Rules for prevention of animal and animal product borne diseases—S.P. C.A.—Veterolegal cases—Certificates—Materials and Methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation.

4. MilkandMilkProductsTechnology:

4.1 MarketMilk.—Quality, testing and grading of raw milk. Processing, packaging, storing,distribution, marketing defects and their control. Preparation of the following milks : Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards. Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipment.

4.2 MilkProductsTechnology.—Selection of raw materials, processing, storing, distributing and marketing milk products such as Cream, Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Channa, Cheese, condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food, lce cream and Kulfi; by-products, whey products, butter milk, lactose and casein. Testing, grading, judging milk products—BIS and Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality control nutritive properties. Packaging processing and operational control. Costing of dairy products.

5. MeatHygieneandTechnology:

5.1 MeatHygiene

5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgement of carcass meat cuts—grading of carcass meat cuts—duties and functions of Veterinarians in wholesome meat production.

5.1.2 Hygienic methods of handling production of meat.—Spoilage of meat and control measures—Post- slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence them—Quality improvement methods—Adulteration of meat and detection—Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry.

5.2 MeatTechnology

5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat.—Meat emulsions—Methods of preservation of meat—Curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products, processing and formulations.

5.3 By‐products.—Slaughter house by-products and their utilisation—Edible and inedible by products—Social and economic implications of proper utilisation of slaughter house by-products—Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.

108


5.4 PoultryProductsTechnology.—Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre- slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation of poultry meat and products. Legal and BIS standards.

Structure composition and nutritive value of eggs Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.

5.5 Rabbit/FurAnimalfarming.—Rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste by products. Grading of wool.

ANTHROPOLOGY

PAPER‐I

1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology.

1.2 Relationships with other disciplines : Social Sciences, behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences, Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities.

1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance :

(a) Social-cultural Anthropology.

(b) Biological Anthropology.

(c) Archaeological Anthropology.

(d) Linguistic Anthropology.

1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man :

(a) Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution.

(b) Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre-Darwinian, Darwinian and Post-Darwinian).

(c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionarybiology (Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptiveradiation, and mosaic evolution).

1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Primate Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour; Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates; Living Major Primates; Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes; Skeletal changes due to erect posture and its implications.

1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following :

(a) Plio-preleistocene hominids inSouth and East Africa—Australopithecines.

(b) Homo erectus : Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus (heidelbergensis), Asia(Homoerectusjavanicus,Homoerectuspekinensis.

(c) Neanderthal man—La-chapelle-aux-saints (Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressivetype).

(d) Rhodesian man.

(e) Homosaoiens—Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelede.

1.7 The biological basis of Life : The Cell, DNA structure and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene, Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell Division.

1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. Chronology : Relative and Absolute Dating

109


methods.

(b) Cultural Evolution—Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures :

(i) Paleolithic

(ii) Mesolithic

(iii) Neolithic

(iv) Chalcolithic

(v) Copper-Bronze Age

(vi) Iron Age

2.1 The Nature of Culture : The concept and Characteristics of culture and civilization; Ethnocentrism vis-a-vis cultural Relativism.

2.2 TheNatureofSociety:Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social Institution; Social groups; and Social stratification.

2.3 Marriage: Definition and universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); Type of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriage payments (bride wealth and dowry).

2.4 Family : Definition and universality; Family, household and domestic groups; functions of family; Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage, residence and succession); Impact of urbanization, industrialization and feminist movements on family.

2.5 Kinship : Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal, Double, Bilateral Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety and kindred); Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiation and Complimentary Filiation;Decent and Alliance.

3. Economic Organization : Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology;Formalist and Substantivist debate; Principles governing production, distribution andexchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on huntingand gathering, fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; globalizationand indigenous economic systems.

4. PoliticalOrganization and Social Control : Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state;concepts of power, authority and legitimacy; social control, law and justice in simpleSocieties.

5. Religion:Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychologicaland functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals; formsof religion in tribal and peasant Societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism andtotemism); religion, magic and science distinguished; magico-religious functionaries (priest,shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch).

6. Anthropologicaltheories:

(a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer)

110


(b) Historical particularism (Boas) Diffusionism (British, German and American)

(c) Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural—Functionlism (Radcliffe-Brown)

(d) Structuralism (L’evi-Strauss and E. Leach)

(e) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and Cora-du Bois)

(f) Neo—evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service)

(g) Cultural materialism (Harris)

(h) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz)

(i) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin)

(j) Post-modernism in anthropology.

7. Culture,LanguageandCommunication:

Nature, origin and characteristics of language; verbal and non-verbal communication; socialcontex of language use.

8. ResearchmethodsinAnthropology:

(a) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology

(b) Distinction between technique, method and methodology

(c) Tools of data collection : observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, case study,genealogy, life-history, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatorymethods.

(d) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.

9.1 HumanGenetics :Methods and Application : Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies.

9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal and polygenic inheritance in man.

9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages.

9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology.

(a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).

(b) Sex chromosomal aberration- Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super female (XXX),intersex and other syndromic disorders.

(c) Autosomal aberrations- Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes.

(d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human DNAprofiling, gene mapping and genome study.

9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and characters. Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial

111


classification, racial differentiation and race crossing in man.

9.6 Age, sexandpopulationvariationasgeneticmarker:ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-ecomomic groups.

9.7 ConceptsandmethodsofEcologicalAnthropology: Bio-cultural Adaptations—Genetic and Non-genetic factors. Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude climate.

9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology: Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious diseases, Nutritional deficiency related diseases.

10. ConceptofhumangrowthandDevelopment: Stages of growth—pre-natal, natal, infant,childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence.

—Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemical,nutritional, cultural and socio-economic.

—Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations

—Biological and chronological longevity. Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologiesfor growth studies.

11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and differentials.

11.2 Demographic theories-biological, social and cultural.

11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality.

12. Applications of Anthropology: Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology,Anthroplogy in designing of defence and other equipments, Forensic Anthroplogy, Methodsand principles of personal identification and reconstruction, Applied humangenetics—Paternity diagnosis, genetic counselling and eugenics, DNA technology indiseases and medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology.

PAPER‐II

1.1 Evolutionof the IndianCultureandCivilization—Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Neolithic-Chalcolithic), Protohistoric (Indus Civilization). Pre-Harappan, Harappan and post-Harappan cultures. Contributions of the tribal cultures to Indian civilization.

1.2 Palaeo—Anthropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin (Ramapithecus,SivapithecusandNarmadaMan).

1.3. Ethno‐archaeology in India: The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and Parallels among the hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities including arts and crafts producing communities.

2. Demographicprofileof India—Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian populationand their distribution. Indian population—factors influencing its structure and growth.

3.1 The structure and nature of traditional Indian social system—Varnashram, Purushartha, Karma, Rina and Rebirth.

112


3.2 CastesysteminIndia— Structure and characteristics Varna and caste, Theories of origin of caste system, Dominant caste, Caste mobility, Future of caste system, Jajmani system. Tribe-case continuum.

3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit Complex.

3.4. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity of Indian society.

4. Emergence, growth and development in India—Contributions of the 18th, 19th and early20th Century scholar-administrators. Contributions of Indian anthropologists to tribal andcaste studies.

5.1 Indian Village—Significane of village study in India; Indian village as a social system; Traditional and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations; Agrarian relations in Indian villages; Impact of globalization on Indian villages.

5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social, political and economic status.

5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio-cultural change in Indian society: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little and great traditions; Panchayati Raj and social change; Media and Social change.

6.1 Tribal situation in India—Bio-genetic variability, linguistic and socio-economic characteristics of the tribal populations and their distribution.

6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities—Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, poor educational facilities, unemployment, under- employment, health and nutrition.

6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation. Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact of urbanisation and industrialization on tribal populations.

7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes.

7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies : Impact of modern democratic institutions, development programmes and welfare measures on tribals and weaker sections.

7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic conflicts and political developments; Unrest among tribal communities; Regionalism and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism. Social change among the tribes during colonial and post-Independent India.

8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other religions on tribal societies.

8.2 Tribe and nation state—a comparative study of tribal communities in India and other countries.

9.1 History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, plans, programmes of tribal development and their implementation. The concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups), their distribution, special programmes for their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribal development.

9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development.

113


9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism and ethnic and political movements.

BOTANY

PAPER‐I

1. MicrobiologyandPlantPathology:

Structure and reproduction/multiplication of viruses,viroids, bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma; Applications of microbiology in agriculture, industry, medicine and in control of soil and water pollution; Prion and Prion hypothesis.

Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes; Modes of infection and dissemination; Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/defence; Physiology of parasitism and control measures. Fungal toxins. Modelling and disease forecasting; Plant quarantine.

2. Cryptogams:

Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes-structure and reproduction from evolutionary viewpoint; Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their ecological and economic importance.

3. Phanerogams:

Gymnosperms :Concept of Progymnosperms. Classification and distribution of gymnosperms. Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales, their structure and reproduction. General account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales and Cordiaitailes; Geological time scale; Type of fossils and their study techniques.

Angiosperms :Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology and phylogency.

Taxonomic hierarchy; International Code of Botanical Nomenclature; Numerical taxomomy and chemotaxomomy; Evidence from anatomy, embryology and palynology.

Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Comparative account of various systems of classification of angiosperms; Study of angiospermic families— Mangnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae, Musaceae and Orchidaceae.

Stomata and their types; Glandular and non-glandular trichomes; Unusual secondary

growth; Anatomy of C3 and C4 plants; Xylem and phloem differentiation; Wood anatomy.

Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization; Endosperm—its development and function. Patterns of embryo development; Polyembroyony, apomixes; Applications of palynology; Experimental embryology including pollen storage and test-tube fertilization.

4. PlantResourceDevelopment:

Domestication and introduction of plants; Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov’s centres of origin. Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibres, spices, beverages, edible oils, drugs,

114


narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins and dyes; latex, cellulose, starch and its products; Perfumery; Importance of Ethnobotany in Indian context; Energy plantations; Botanical Gardens and Herbaria.

5. Morphogenesis:

Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation; Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast culture. Somatic hybrids and Cybrids; Micropropagation; Somaclonal variation and its applications; Pollen haploids, embryo rescue methods and their applications.

PAPER‐II

1. CellBiology:

Techniques of cell biology. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells—structural and ultrastructural details; Structure and function of extracellular matrix (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane transport and vesicular transport; Structure and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER, dictyosomes ribosomes, endosomes,lysosomes, peroxisomes; Cytoskelaton and microtubules; Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex; Chromatin and nucleosome; Cell signalling and cell receptors; Signal transduction Mitosis and meiosis; molecular basis of cell cycle. Numerical and structural variations in chromosomes and their significance; Chromatin organization and packaging of genome; Polytene chromosomes; B-chromosomes—structure, behaviour and significance.

2. Genetics,MolecularBiologyandEvolution:

Development of genetics, and gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles); Quantitative genetics and multiple factors; Incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, multiple alleles; Linkage and crossing over of gene mapping including molecular maps (idea of mapping, function); Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance; sex determination and molecular basis of sex differentiation; Mutations (biochemical and molecular basis); Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male sterility).

Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins; Genetic code and regulation of gene expression; Gene silencing; Multigene families; Organic evolution-evidences, mechanism and theories.

Role of RNA in origin and evolution.

3. PlantBreeding,BiotechnologyandBiostatistics:

Methods of plant breeding—introduction, selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method); Mutation, polyploidy, male sterility and heterosis breeding. Use of apomixes in plant breeding; DNA sequencing; Genetic engineering—methods of transfer of genes; Transgenic crops and biosafety aspects; Development and use of molecular markers in plant breeding; Tools and techniques—probe, southern blotting, DNA fingerprinting, PCR and FISH. Standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV). Tests of significance (Z-test, t-test and chi-square tests). Probability and distributions (normal, binomial and Poisson). Correlation and regression.

4. PhysiologyandBiochemistry:

Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion transport, mineral deficiencies.

115


Photosynthesis—photochemical reactions, photophosphorylation and carbon fixation

pathways; C3, C4 and CAM pathways; Mechanism of pholem transport, Respiration

(anerobic and aerobic, including fermentation)—electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation; Photorespiration; Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis; Lipid metabolism; Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes, coenzymes; Energy transfer and energy conservation. Importance of secondary metabolites. Pigments as photoreceptors (plastidial pigments and phytochrome). Plant movements; Photoperiodism and flowering, vernalization, senescence; Growth substances—their chemical nature, role and applications in agri-horticulture; growth indices, growth movements. Stress physiology (heat, water, salinity, metal); Fruit and seed physiology. Dormancy, storage and germination of seed. Fruit ripening—its molecular basis and manipulation.

5. EcologyandPlantGeography:

Concept of ecosystem; Ecological factors. Concepts and dynamics of community; Plant succession. Concepts of biosphere; Ecosystems; Conservation; Pollution and its control (including phytoreme-diation); Plant indicators; Environment (Protection) Act.

Forest types of India—‘Ecological and ecomomic importance of forests, afforestation, deforestation and social forestry; Endangered plants, endemism IUCN categories, Red Data Books; Biodiversity and its conservation; Protected Area Network; Convention of Biological Diversity, Farmers’ Rights; and Intellectual Property Rights; Concept of Sustainable Development; Biogeochemical cycles. Global warming and climatic change; Invasive species; Environmetal Impact Assessment; Phytogeographical regions of India.

CHEMISTRY

PAPER‐I

1. AtomicStructure:

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle Schrodinger wave equation (time independent); Interpretation of wave function, particle in one- dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions; Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.

2. Chemicalbonding:

Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments; Valence bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy; Molecular

orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding H2 +, H2 He2 + to Ne2, NO, CO, HF, CN–,

Comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories, bond order, bond strength and bond length.

3. SolidState:

Crystal systems; Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unit cell; Bragg's law; X-ray diffraction by crystals; Close packing, radius ratio rules, calculation of some limiting

radius ratio values; Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2; Stoichiometric and

116


nonstoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semi-conductors.

4. TheGaseousStateandTransportPhenomenon:

Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions, and critical phenomena and liquefaction of gases; Maxwell’s distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion; Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal gases.

5. LiquidState:

Kelvin equation; Surface tension and surface enercy, wetting and contact angle, interfacial tension and capillary action.

6. Thermodynamics:

Work, heat and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics.

Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various processes, entropy-reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy functions; Thermodynamic equation of state; Maxwell relations; Temperature, volume and pressure dependence of U, H, A, G, Cp and Cv, and ; J-T effect and inversion temperature; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem, introductory idea of third law of thermodynamics.

7. PhaseEquilibriaandSolutions:

Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids—upper and lower critical solution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance and determination; excess thermodynamic functions and their determination.

8. Electrochemistry:

Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various equilibrium and transport properties.

Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement of e.m.f. of cells and its applications fuel cells and batteries.

Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current density; overpotential; electroanalytical techniques : amperometry, ion selective electrodes and their use.

9. ChemicalKinetics:

Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions; Rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions; Branching chain and explosions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant. Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods. Collisions and transition state theories.

10. Photochemistry:

Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemical reactions between hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields.

11. SurfacePhenomenaandCatalysis:

117


Adsorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents; Langmuir and B.E.T. adsorption isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.

12. Bio‐inorganicChemistry:

Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferrodoxins.

13. CoordinationChemistry:

(i) Bonding in transition of metal complexes. Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism and elctronic spectra of metal complexes.

(ii) Isomerism in coordination compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planar complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.

(iii) EAN rule, Synthesis structure and reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds.

(iv) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metal olefin complexes, alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and their characterization; Compounds with metal—metal bonds and metal atom clusters.

14. MainGroupChemistry:

Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic phosphazene, silicates and silicones, Interhalogen compounds; Sulphur—nitrogen compounds, noble gas compounds.

15. GeneralChemistryof‘f ’BlockElement:

Lanthanides and actinides: separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction.

PAPER‐II

1. DelocalisedCovalentBonding:

Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, fulvenes, sydnones.

2. (i) Reactionmechanisms : General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanisms or organic reactions : isotopies, mathod cross-over experiment, intermediate trapping, stereochemistry; energy of activation; thermodynamic control and kinetic control of reactions.

(ii) Reactive intermediates : Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of carboniumions and carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.

(iii) Substitution reactions :—SN 1, SN 2, and SN i, mechanisms ; neighbouring group

participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compounds including heterocyclic compounds—pyrrole, furan, thiophene and indole.

118


(iv) Elimination reactions :—E1, E2 and E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions—Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic synelimination—acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and Cope eliminations.

(v) Addition reactions :—Electrophilic addition to C=C and C C; nucleophilic addition to C=O, C N, conjugated olefins and carbonyls.

(vi) Reactions and Rearrangements :—(a) Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer-Villiger, Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner—Meerwein rearrangements.

(b) Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Witting, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin and acyloin condensations; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions.

3. Pericyclic reactions :—Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules—electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5], FMO approach.

4. (i) PreparationandPropertiesofPolymers:Organic polymerspolyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber.

(ii) Biopolymers: Structure of proteins, DNA and RNA.

5. SyntheticUsesofReagents:

OsO4, HlO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAIH4, NaBH4, n-BuLi,

MCPBA.

6. Photochemistry:—Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and ground states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and Type II reactions.

7. Spectroscopy:

Principle and applications in structure elucidation :

(i) Rotational—Diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants.

(ii) Vibrational—Diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specific frequencies of functional groups in polyatomic molecules.

(iii) Electronic—Singlet and triplet states. n and transitions; application to conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls Woodward-Fieser rules; Charge transfer spectra.

(iv) NuclearMagneticResonance(1HNMR): Basic principle; chemical shift and spin-spin

interaction and coupling constants.

(v) Mass Spectrometry :—Parent peak, base peak, metastable peak, McLafferty rearrangement.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

PAPER‐I

119


1. EngineeringMechanics,StrengthofMaterialsandStructuralAnalysis.

1.1 EngineeringMechanics:

Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of particle and rigid body. Concurrent, Non- Concurrent and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force free body diagram, conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent force system.

First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia.

Static Friction.

Kinematics and Kinetics:

Kinematics in cartesian Co-ordinates, motion under uniform and non-uniform acceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle : Momentum and Energy principles, collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies.

1.2 StrengthofMaterials:

Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compression members, Shear force and bending moment, theory of simple bending, Shear Stress distribution across cross sections, Beams of uniform strength.

Deflection of beams: Mecaulay’s method, Mohr’s Moment area method, Conjugate beam method, unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Elastic stability of columns, Euler’s, Rankine’s and Secant formulae.

1.3 StructuralAnalysis:

Castiglianio’s theorems I and II, unit load method, of consistent deformation applied to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment distribution.

Rolling loads and Influences lines : Influences lines for Shear Force and Bending moment at a section of a beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending Moment in beams traversed by a system of moving loads. Influences lines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses.

Arches : Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature effects.

Matrix mehods of analysis : Force method and displacement method of analysis of indeterminate beams and rigid frames.

Plastic Analysis of beams and frames : Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method, Mechanism method.

Unsymmetrical bending : Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis and Principal axes, calculation of bending stresses.

2. DesignofStructures:Steel,ConcreteandMasonryStructures.

2.1 StructuralSteelDesign:

Structural steel : Factors of safety and load factors. Riveted, bolted and welded joints and connections. Design of tension and compression members, beams of built up section,

120


riveted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, stancheons with battens and lacings.

2.2 DesignofConcreteandMasonryStructures:

Concept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete : Working Stress and Limit State method of design— Recommendations of I. S. codes. Design of one way and two way slabs, stair-case slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections. Compression members under direct load with or without eccentricity.

Cantilever and Counter fort type retaining walls.

Water tanks : Design requirements for Rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground.

Prestressed Concrete : Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis and design of sections for flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress.

Design of brick masonry as per I. S. Codes

3. FluidMechanics,OpenChannelFlowandHydraulicMachines:

3.1 FluidMechanics:

Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting on plane and curve surfaces.

Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow : Velocity and accelerations, stream lines, equation of continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream functions.

Continuity, momentum, energy equation, Navier Stokes equation, Euler’s equation of motion, application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, sluice gates, weirs.

3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude: Buckingham’s Pi-theorem, dimensionless parameters.

3.3 LaminarFlow:

Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving plates, flow through tube.

3.4 Boundarylayer:

Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sub-layer, smooth and rough boundaries, drag and lift.

Turbulent flow through pipes : Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution and variation of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line.

3.5 OpenChannelFlow:

Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy correction factors, specific energy and specific force, critical depth, rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, gradually varied flow, classification of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied flow equation.

3.6 HydraulicMachinesandHydropower:

Hydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines performance parameters, controls, characteristics, specific speed.

Principles of hydropower development.

4. GeotechnicalEngineering:

121


Soil Type and Structure—gradation and particle size distribution—consistency limits.

Water in soil—capillary and structural—effective stress and pore water pressure—permeability concept—filed and laboratory determination of permeability—Seepage pressure—quick sand conditions—Shear strength determination—Mohr Coulomb concept.

Compaction of soil—Laboratory and filed test.

Compressibility and consolidation concept— consolidation theory—consolidation settlement analysis.

Earth pressure theory and analysis for retaining walls, Application for sheet piles and Braced excavation.

Bearing capacity of soil—approaches for analysis- Filed tests—settlement analysis—stability of slope of earth walk.

Subsuface exploration of soils—methods

Foundation—Type and selection criteria for foundation of structures—Design criteria for foundation—Analysis of distribution of stress for footings and pile—pile group action—pile load test.

Ground improvement techniques.

PAPER—II

1. ConstructionTechnology,Equipment,PlanningandManagement

1.1 ConstructionTechnology

Engineering Materials :

Physical properties of construction materials with respect to their use in construction—Stones, Bricks and Tiles; Lime, Cement, different types of Mortars and Concrete.

Specific use of ferro cement, fibre reinforced C. C., High stength concrete.

Timber; Properties defects—common preservation treatments.

Use and selection of materials for specific use like Low Cost Housing, Mass Housing, High Rise Buildings.

1.2 Construction:

Masonry principles using Brick, stone, Blocks—construction detailing and strength characteristics.

Types of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing and construction features.

Common repairs in buildings.

Principle of functional planning of building for residents and specific use—Building code provisions.

Basic principles of detailed and approximate estimating—specification writing and rate analysis-principles of valuation of real property.

122


Machinery for earthwork, concreting and their specific uses—Factors affecting selection of equipments—operating cost of equipments.

1.3 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT:

Construction activity—schedules—organization for construction industry—Quality assurance principles.

Use Basic principle of network—analysis in form of CPM and PERT—their use in construction monitoring, Cost optimization and resource allocation.

Basic principles of Economic analysis and methods.

Project profitability—Basic principles of Boot approach to financial planning-simple toll fixation criterions.

2. SurveyingandTransportationEngineering

2.1 Surveying:Common methods and instruments for distance and angle measurement for CE work—their use in plane table, traverse survey, levelling work, triangulation, contouring and topographical map.

Basic principles of photogrammetry and remote sensing.

2.2 Railways Engineering : Permanent way—components, types and their function-Functions and Design constituents of turn and crossing— Necessity of geometric design of track—Design of station and yards.

2.3 HighwayEngineering:

Principles of Highway alignments—classification and geometrical design elements and standards for Roads.

Pavement structure for flexible and rigid pavements—Design principles and methodology of pavements.

Typical construction methods and standards of materials for stabilized soil, WBM, Bituminous works and CC roads.

Surface and sub-surface drainge arrangements for roads—culvert structures.

Pavement distresses and strengthening by overlays.

Traffic surveys and their application in traffic planning—Typical design features for channelized, intersection rotary etc.—signal designs—standard Traffic signs and markings.

3. Hydrology,WaterResourcesandEngineering:

3.1 Hydrology:

Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, overland flow, hydrograph, flood frequency analyses, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow routing—Muskingam method.

3.2 GroundWaterflow:

123


Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined aquifers, aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined conditions.

3.3WaterResourcesEngineering:

Ground and surface water resources, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation.

3.4 IrrigationEngineering:

(i) Water requirements of crops : consumptive use, duty and delta, irrigation methods and their efficiencies.

(ii) Canals : Distribution systems for cannal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of main and distributory canals, most efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical shear stress, bed load.

(iii) Water logging : causes and control, salinity.

(iv) Canal structures : Design of head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes and canal outlets.

(v) Diversion head work : Principles and design of weirs on permeable and impermeable foundation, Khosla’s theory, energy dissipation.

(vi) Storage works : Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity stability analysis.

(vii) Spillways : Spillway types, energy dissipation.

(viii) River training : Objectives of river training, methods of river training.

4. EnvironmentalEngineering

4.1WaterSupply:

Predicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water.

4.2 IntakeofWater:

Water treatment: principles of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-, pressure-, filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour and salinity.

4.3 SewerageSystems:

Domestic and industrial wastes, store sewage—separate and combined systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers.

4.4 SewageCharacterisation:

BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal water course and on land.

4.5 SewageTreatment:

Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tank, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water.

4.6 Solidwaste:

124


Collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-term ill-effects.

5. Environmentalpollution:

Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal. Environmental impact assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects. Air pollution. Pollution control acts.

COMMERCE AND ACCOUNTANCY

PAPER‐I

Accounting and Finance

Accounting,Taxation&Auditing

1. FinancingAccounting:

Accounting as a financial information system; Impact of behavioural sciences. Accounting Standards e.g., Accounting for Depreciation, Inventories, Research and Development Costs, Long-term Construction Contracts, Revenue Recognition, Fixed Assets, Contingencies, Foreign Exchange Transactions, Investments and Government Grants, Cash Flow Statement, Earnings per Share.

Accounting for Share Capital Transactions including Bonus Shares, Right Shares.

Emplyees Stock Option and Buy-Back of Securities.

Preparation and Presentation of Company Final Accounts.

Amalgamations, Absorption and Reconstruction of Companies.

2. CostAccounting:

Nature and functions of cost accounting. Installation of Cost Accounting System. Cost Concepts related to Income Measurement, Profit Planning, Cost Control and Decision Making.

Methods of Costing: Job Costing, Process Costing, Activity Based Costing.

Volume-cost-Profit Relationship as a tool of Profit Planning.

Incremental Analysis/Differential Costing as a Tool of Pricing Decisions, Product Decisions, Make or Buy Decisions, Shut-Down Decisions etc.

Techniques of Cost Control and Cost Reduction : Budgeting as a Tool of Planning and Control. Standard Costing and Variance Analysis.

Responsibility Accounting and Divisional Performance Measurement.

3. Taxation:

Income Tax: Definitions. Basis of charge; Incomes which do not form part of total income. Simple problems of Computation of Income (of individuals only) under various heads, i.e., Salaries, Income from House Property, Profits and Gains from Business or Profession, Capital Gains, Income from other sources, Income of other Persons included in Assessee’s Total Income.

Set-off and Carry forward of Loss.

Deductions from Gross Total Income.

Salient Features/Provisions Related to VAT and Services Tax.

4. Auditing:

125


Company Audit: Audit related to Divisible Profits, Dividends, Special investigations, Tax audit.

Audit of Banking, Insurance, Non-Profit Organization and Charitable Societies/Trusts/Organizations.

FinancialManagement,FinancialInstitutionsandMarkets

1. FinancialManagement:

Finance Function : Nature, Scope and Objectives of Financial Management : Risk and Return Relationship.

Tools of Financial Analysis: Ratio Analysis, Funds-Flow and Cash-Flow Statement.

Capital Budgeting Decisions: Process, Procedures and Appraisal Methods. Risk and Uncertainty Anlysis and Methods.

Cost of Capital : Concept, Computation of Specific Costs and Weighted Average Cost of Capital. CAPM as aTool of Determining Cost of Equity Capital.

Financing Decisions: Theories of Capital Structure—Net Income (NI) Approach.

Net Operating Income (NOI) Approach, MM Approach and Traditional Approach. Designing of Capital structure: Types of Leverages (Operating, Financial and Combined), EBIT-EPS Analysis, and other Factors.

Dividend Decisions and Valuation of Firm : Walter’s Model, MM Thesis, Gordan’s Model Lintner’s Model. Factors Affecting Dividend Policy.

Working Capital Management: Planning of Working Capital. Determinants of Working Capital. Components of Working Capital—Cash, Inventory and Receivables.

Corporate Restructuring with focus on Mergers and Acquisitions (Financial aspect only).

2. FinancialMarketsandInstitutions:

Indian Financial System: An Overview

Money Markets: Participants, Structure and Instruments. Commercial Banks. Reforms in Banking Sector. Monetary and Credit Policy of RBI. RBI as a Regulator.

Capital Market : Primary and Secondary Market. Financial Market Instruments and Innovative Debt Instruments; SEBI as a Regulator.

Financial Services : Mutual Funds, Venture Capital, Credit Rating Agencies, Insurance and IRDA.

PAPER‐II

OrganisationTheoryandBehaviours,HumanResourceManagementandIndustrialRelations

OrganisationTheoryandBehaviour

1. OrganisationTheory:

Nature and Concept of Organisation; External Environment of Organisation—Technological, Social, Political, Ecomomical and Legal; Organizational Goals Primary and Secondary Goals, Single and Multiple Goals; Management by Objectives.

Evolution of Organisation theory : Classical Neo-classical and system approach.

Modern Concepts of Organisation Theory : Organisational Design, Organisational

126


Structure and Organisational Culture.

Organisational Design—Basic Challenges; Differentiation and Intergration Process; Centralization and Decentralization Process; Standardization/Formalization and Mutual Adjustment. Coordinating Formal and Informal Organizations. Mechanistic and Organic Structures.

Designing Organizational structures—Authority and Control; Line and Staff Functions, Specialization and Coordination. Types of Organization Structure—Functional. Matrix Structure, Project Structure. Nature and Basis of Power, Sources of Power, Power Structure and Politics. Impact of Information Technology on Organizational Design and Structure.

Managing Organizational Culture.

2. OrganisationBehaviour:

Meaning and Concept; Individual in organization: Personality, Theories, and Determinants; Pereception Meaning and Process.

Motivation : Concepts, Theories and Applications. Leadership—Theories and Styles. Quality of Work Life (QWL): Meaning and its impact on Performance, Ways of its Enhancement. Quality Circles (QC)—Meaning and their Importance. Management of Conflicts in Organizations. Transactional Analysis, Organizational Effectiveness, Management of Change.

HumanResourcesManagementandIndustrialRelations

1. HumanResourcesManagement(HRM):

Meaning Nature and Scope of HRM, Human Resource Planning, Job Analysis, Job Description, Job Specification, Recruitment Process, Selection Process, Orientational and Placement, Training and Development Process, Performance Appraisal and 360° Feed Back, Salary and Wage Administration, Job Evaluation, Employee Welfare, Promotions, Transfers and Separations.

2. IndustrialRelations(IR):

Meaning, Nature, Importance and Scope of IR, Formation of Trade Union, Trade Union Legislation, Trade Union Movement in India. Recognition of Trade Unions, Problems of Trade Unions in India. Impact of Liberalization on Trade Union Movement.

Nature of Industrial Disputes: Strikes and Lockouts, Causes of Disputes, Prevention and Settlement of Disputes.

Worker’s Participation in Management: Philosophy, Rationale, Present Day Status and Future Prospects.

Adjudication and Collective Bargaining.

Industrial Relations in Public Enterprises Absenteeism and Labour Turnover in Indian Industries and their Causes and Remedies.

ILO and its Functions.

ECONOMICS

PAPER—I

1.AdvancedMicroEconomics: (a) Marshallian and Walrasian Approaches to Price determination.

127


(b) Alternative Distribution Theories : Ricardo, Kaldor, Kalecki. (c) Markets Structure : Monopolistic Competition, Duopoly, Oligopoly. (d) Modern Welfare Criteria : Pareto Hicks and Scitovsky, Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, A. K.

Sen’s Social Welfare Function. 2. AdvanceMacroEconomics:

Approaches to Employment Income and Interest Rate determination : Classical, Keynes (IS-LM) curve, Neo-classical synthesis and New classical, Theories of Interest Rate determination and Interest Rate Structure.

3.Money‐BankingandFinance: (a) Demand for and Supply of Money : Money Multiplier Quantity Theory of Money (Fisher,

Pigou and Friedman) and Keynes’ Theory on Demand for Money, Goals and Instruments of Monetary Management in Closed and Open Economies. Relation between the Central Bank and the Treasury. Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money.

(b) Public Finance and its Role in market Economy : In stabilization of supply, allocation of resources and in distribution and development. Sources of Government revenue, forms of Taxes and Subsidies, their incidence and effects. Limits to taxation, loans, crowding-out effects and limits to borrowings. Public expenditure and its effects.

4. InternationalEconomics: (a) Old and New theories of International Trade. (i) Comparative advantage, (ii) Terms of Trade and Offer Curve. (iii) Product Cycle and Strategic Trade Theories. (iv) Trade as an engine of growth and theories of underdevelopment in an open economy. (b) Forms of Protection : Tariff and quota. (c) Balance of Payments Adjustments : Alternative Approaches.

(i) Price versus income, income adjustments under fixed exchange rates. (ii) Theories of Policy Mix. (iii) Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility. (iv) Floating Rates and their Implications for Developing COUNTRIES: Currency Boards. (v) Trade Policy and Developing Countries. (vi) BOP, adjustments and Policy Coordination in open economy macro-model. (vii) Speculative attacks. (viii) Trade Blocks and Monetary Unions. (ix) WTO : TRIMS, TRIPS, Domestic Measures, Different Rounds of WTO talks.

5.GrowthandDevelopment:(a) (i) Theories of growth : Harrod’s model; (ii) Lewis model of development with surplus labour. (iii) Balanced Unbalanced Growth. (iv) Human Capitals and Economic Growth. (v) Research and Development and Economic Growth. (b) Process of Economic Development of less developed countries: Myrdal and Kuznets on

economic development and structural change: Role of Agriculture in Economic Development of less developed countries.

(c) Economic Development and International Trade and Investment, Role of Multinationals. (d) Planning and Economic Development: changing role of Markets and Planning, Private-Public

128


Partnership. (e) Welfare indicators and measures of growth—Human Development Indices. The basic needs

approach. (f) Development and Environmental Sustainability—Renewable and Non Renewable Resources,

Environmental Degradation, Intergenerational equity development. PAPER‐II

IndianEconomyinPre‐IndependenceEra:

Land System and its changes, Commercialization of agriculture Drain theory, Laissez faire theory and critique. Manufacture and Transport: Jute, Cotton, Railways, Money and Credit.

IndianEconomyafterIndependence:

A. The Pre-Liberalization Era : (i) Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil and V.K.R.V. Rao. (ii) Agriculture: Land Reforms and land tenure system, Green Revolution and capital formation

in agriculture. (iii) Industry Trends in composition and growth, Role of public and private sector, Small scale

and cottage industries. (iv) National and Per capita income : patterns, trends, aggregate and Sectoral composition and

changes therein. (v) Broad factors determining National Income and distribution, Measures of poverty, Trends

in poverty and inequality. B. The Post Liberalization Era : (i) New Economic Reform and Agriculture: Agriculture and WTO, Food processing, subsidies,

Agricultural prices and public distribution system, Impact of public expenditure on agricultural growth.

(ii) New Economic Policy and Industry: Strategy of industrialization, Privatization, Disinvestments, Role of foreign direct investment and multinationals.

(iii) New Economic Policy and Trade: Intellectual property rights : Implications of TRIPS, TRIMS, GATS and new EXIM policy.

(iv) New Exchange Rate Regime: Partial and full convertibility, Capital account convertibility. (v) New Economic Policy and Public Finance : Fiscal Responsibility Act, Twelfth Finance

Commission and Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation. (vi) New Economic Policy and Monetary system. Role of RBI under the new regime. (vii) Planning: From central Planning to indicative planning, Relation between planning and

markets for growth and decentralized planning: 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments.

(viii) New Economic Policy and Employment: Employment and poverty, Rural wages, Employment Generation, Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, Employment Guarantee Scheme.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

PAPER‐I

1.Circuits—Theory :

Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; Circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh

129


analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-port networks.

2.SignalsandSystems:

Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.

3.E.M.Theory:

Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of plane waves. Transmission lines : travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart.

4.AnalogElectronics:

Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits : Clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers : single and multi-stage, differential, operational feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching power supplies.

5.DigitalElectronics:

Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).

6.EnergyConversion:

Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines : characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors. Transformers : principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines : characteristics and performance analysis; speed control.

7.PowerElectronicsandElectricDrives:

Semi-conductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters : fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-DC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-speed drives.

8. AnalogCommunication:

Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal

130


transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation : PM & FM signals; narrows band FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation system : Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation or AM and FM receivers.

PAPER II

1.ControlSystems:

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. Control system components. LTI systems : time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bode-plots and polor plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation and analysis of control systems.

2.Microprocessorsand Microcomputers:

PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register settiming diagram, programming, interrupts, memory interfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.

3.MeasurementandInstrumentation:

Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distoration-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal.

4.PowerSystems:AnalysisandControl:

Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concepts of system stability : swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.

5.PowerSystemProtection:

Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit brakers. Computer aided protection : introduction; line, bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.

6.DigitalCommunication:

Pulse code modulation (PCM), defferential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolation codes. Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.

GEOGRAPHY

PAPER I

PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY

131


PhysicalGeography:

1. Geomorphology: Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crusts; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain building; Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Land scape development; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; Applied Geomorphology; Geomorphology, economic geology and environment.

2. Climatology :Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; Atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and fronto; Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s Thornthwaite’s and Trewar Tha’s classification of world climate; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change, and role and response of man in climatic changes Applied climatology and Urban climate.

3. Oceanography :Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources; biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coral bleaching; Sea-level changes; Law of the sea and marine pollution.

4. Biogeography :Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degrada-tion and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry, agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centres.

5. EnvironmentalGeography :Principle ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management and conservation; Biodiversity and sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures; Environmental education and legislation.

HumanGeography:

1. Perspectives in Human Geography :Areal differentiation; Regional synthesis; Dichotomy and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; Radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Human development indix.

2. EconomicGeography: World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions; Agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutritions problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects and remedies; World industries: location patterns and problems; Patterns of world trade.

3. PopulationandSettlementGeography :Growth and distribution of world population; Demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; Concepts of over-under-and optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life; Population as social capital.

Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements;

132


Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology; Concept of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural-urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.

4. RegionalPlanning:Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances; Regional development strategies; Environmental issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development.

5. Models,TheoriesandLawsinHumanGeography:System analysis in Human geography; Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch; Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location; Ostov’s model of stages of growth. Heart-land and Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries and frontiers.

PAPER II

GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

1. PhysicalSetting: Space relationship of India with neighbouring countries; Structure and relief; Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns; Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural vegetation, Soil types and their distributions.

2. Resources :Land, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources, Forest and wild life resources and their conservation; Energy crisis.

3. Agriculture:Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors; land holdings, land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; Aqua-culture; Sericulture, Agriculture and poultry; Agricultural regionalisation; Agro-climatic zones; Agro-ecological regions.

4. Industry:Evolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminium, fertiliser, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and ago-based industries; Industrial houses and complexes including public sector underkings; Industrial regionalisation; New industrial policy; Multinationals and liberalisation; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including ecotourism.

5. Transport,CommunicationandTrade :Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline net works and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy;Export processing zones; Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme.

6. Cultural Setting :Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial linguistic and ethnic diversities; religious minorities; Major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; Cultural regions; Growth, distribution and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, interaregional and international) and associated problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators.

7. Settlements:Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and

133


metropolitan regions; Urban sprawl; Slums and asssociated problems; Town planning; Problems of urbanisation and remedies.

8. RegionalDevelopmentandPlanning:Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning; Command area development; Watershed management; Planning for backward area, desert, drought-prone, hill tribal area development; Multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of island territories.

9. Political Aspects :Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and inter-state issues; International boundary of India and related issues; Cross-border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm.

10. ContemporaryIssues:Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues related to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population explosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion; Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and Indian economy.

NOTE:Candidateswillberequiredtoansweronecompulsorymapquestionpertinenttosubjectscoveredbythispaper.

GEOLOGY

PAPER I

1.GeneralGeology:

The Solar System, meteorites, origin and interior of the earth and age of earth; Volcanoes—causes and products, Volcanic belts. Earthquakes—causes, effects, seismic of zone of India; Island arcs, trenches and mid-ocean ridges; Continental drift; Seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy.

2.GeomorphologyandRemoteSensing:

Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and soil formations; Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology; Coastal geomorphology; Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering; hydrology and environmental studies; Geomorphology of Indian sub-continent.

Aerial photographs and their interpretation—merits and limitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum. Orbiting Satellites and Sensor Systems. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites. Satellite data products; Applications of remote sensing in geology; The Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS)—its applications.

3.StructuralGeology:

134


Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, Stress and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials; Strain markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults classification and mechanics; Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities; Time-relationship between crystallization and deformation.

4.Paleontology:

Species—definition and nomenclature; Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of preservation of fossils; Different kinds of microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna.

Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance; Index fossils and their significance.

5.IndianStratigraphy:

Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostrati-graphic, biostratigraphic, chrono-stratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships; Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India; Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems—Cambrian/ Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian sub-continent in the geological past. Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.

6. HydrogeologyandEngineeringGeology:

Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water; Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers; Water-bearing characteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of wells. Drainage basin morphometry; Exploration for groundwater; Groundwater recharge; Problems and management of groundwater; Rainwater harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geological investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway and bridges; Rock as construction material; Landslides causes, prevention and rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistant structures.

PAPER II

1.Mineralogy:

Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry; International system of crystallographic notation; Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry; Elements of X-ray crystallography.

Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate mineral groups; Structural classification of silicates; Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups; Clay minerals.

Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.

2. IgneousandMetamorphicPetrology:

135


Generation and crystallisation of magmas. Crystallisation of albite—anorthite, diopside—anorthite and diopside—wollastonite—silica systems. Bowen's Reaction Principle; Magmatic differentiation and assimilation. Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks. Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province.

Types and agents of metamorphism. Metamorphic grades and zones; Phase rule. Facies of regional and contact metamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Minerals assemblages. Retrograde metamorphism; Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites. Granulite terrains of India.

3. SedimenaryPetrology:

Sedimentas and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of formation; digenesis and lithification; Clastic and non-clastic rocks-their classification, petrography and depositional environment; Sedimentary facies and provenance. Sedimentary structures and their significance. Heavy minerals and their significance. Sedimentary basins of India.

4. EconomicGeology:

Ore, ore mineral and gangue, tenor of ore. Classification of ore deposits; Processes of formation of mineral deposits; Controls of ore localisation; Ore texures and structures; Metallogenic epochs and provinces; Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead, zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals; Deposits of coal and petroleum in India, National Mineral Policy; Conservation and utilization of mineral resources. Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea.

5. MiningGeology:

Methods of prospecting—geological, geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical; Techniques of sampling. Estimation of reserves of ore; Methods of exploration and mining-metallic ores, industrial minerals, marine mineral resources and building stones. Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.

6. GeochemistryandEnvironmentalGeology:

Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of the planets and meteorites. Structure and composition of earth and distribution of elements. Trace elements. Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds, coordination number. Isomorphism and polymorphism. Elementary thermodynamics.

Natural hazards—floods, mass wasting, costal hazards, earthquakes and volcanic activity and mitigation; Environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of mine waste and fly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution. Environment protection—legislative measures in India; Sea level changes: causes and impact.

HISTORY

PAPER I

1.Sources

Archaeological sources :

136


Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments.

Literary sources:

Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific literature, literature, literature in regional languages, religious literature.

Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.

2.Pre‐historyandProto‐history:

Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (paleolithic and mesolithic); Beginning of agriculture (neolithic and chalcolithic).

3.IndusValleyCivilization:

Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival and significance, art and architecture.

4.MegalithicCultures:

Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus, Development of community life, Settlements, Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry.

5.AryansandVedicPeriod:

Expansions of Aryans in India :

Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literature; Transformation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic period; Political, social and economical life; Significance of the Vedic Age; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system.

6.PeriodofMahajanapadas:

Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics and monarchies; Rise of urban centres; Trade routes; Economic growth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism and Buddism; Rise of Magadha and Nandas.

Iranian and Mecedonian invasions and their impact.

7.MauryanEmpire:

Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma; Edicts; Polity, Administration, Economy; Art, architecture and sculpture; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion; Literature.

Disintegration of the empire; sungas and Kanvas.

8.Post‐MauryanPeriod(Indo‐Greeks,Sakas,Kushanas, WesternKshatrapas):

Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art, architecture, culture, literature and science.

9. EarlyStateandSocietyinEasternIndia,DeccanandSouth India:

Kharavela, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sangam Age; Administration, Economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centres; Buddhist centres; Sangam literature and culture; Art and architecture.

10.Guptas,VakatakasandVardhanas:

Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism, Caste system, Position of women, Education and educational

137


institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, Literature, scientific literature, art and architecture.

11.RegionalStatesduringGuptaEra:

The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polity and Administration, Trade guilds, Literature; growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakit movement, Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of temple and temple architecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity and administration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind; Alberuni, The Chaluky as of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas; Polity and Administration; Local Government; Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, economy and society.

12.ThemesinEarlyIndianCulturalHistory:

Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution of art and architecture, major philosophical thinkers and schools, ideas in Science and Mathematics.

13.EarlyMedievalIndia,750‐1200:

— Polity: Major political developments in Northern India and the peninsula, origin and the rise of Rajputs.

— The Cholas: administration, village economy and society “Indian Feudalism”.

— Agrarian economy and urban settlements.

— Trade and commerce.

— Society: the status of the Brahman and the new social order.

— Condition of women.

— Indian science and technology.

14.CulturalTraditionsinIndia,750‐1200:

— Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-Mimansa.

— Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotional cult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India, Sufism.

— Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamil literature, literature in the newly developing languages, Kalhan's Rajtarangini, Alberuni's India.

— Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture, painting.

15.TheThirteenthCentury:

— Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurian invasions - factors behind Ghurian success.

— Economic, Social and cultural consequences.

— Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans.

— Consolidation: The rule of Iltutmish and Balban.

16.TheFourteenthCentury:

— “The Khalji Revolution”.

138


— Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion, agrarian and economic measure.

— Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures, bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq.

— Firuz Tugluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civil engineering and public works, decline of the Sultanate, foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta's account.

17.Society,CultureandEconomyintheThirteenthandFourteenthCenturies:

— Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes, town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste and slavery under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sufi movement.

— Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regional languages of North India, literaute in the languages of South India, Sultanate architecture and new structural forms, painting, evolution of a composite culture.

— Economy: Agricultural Production, rise of urban economy and non-agricultural production, trade and commerce.

18.TheFifteenthandEarlySixteenthCentury‐PoliticalDevelopmentsandEconomy:

— Rise of Provincial Dynasties : Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat.

— Malwa, Bahmanids.

— The Vijayanagara Empire.

— Lodis.

— Mughal Empire, first phase : Babur, Humayun.

— The Sur Empire : Sher Shah’s administration.

— Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti and Sufi Movements.

19. TheFifteenthandEarlySixteenthCentury‐Societyandculture:

— Regional cultures specificities.

— Literary traditions.

— Provincial architectural.

— Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire.

20. Akbar:

— Conquests and consolidation of empire.

— Establishment of jagirand mansabsystems.

— Rajput policy.

— Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh‐i‐kuland religious policy.

— Court patronage of art and technology.

21. MughalEmpireintheSeventeenthCentury:

— Major administrative policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.

— The Empire and the Zamindars.

— Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.

139


— Nature of the Mughal State.

— Late Seventeenth Century crisis and the revolts.

— The Ahom kingdom.

— Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom.

22. Economyandsociety,inthe16thand17thCenturies:

— Population Agricultural and craft production.

— Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies : a trade revolution.

— Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit systems.

— Conditions of peasants, Condition of Women.

— Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa Panth.

23. CultureduringMughalEmpire:

— Persian histories and other literature.

— Hindi and religious literatures.

— Mughal architecture.

— Mughal painting.

— Provincial architecture and painting.

— Classical music.

— Science and technology.

24.TheEighteenthCentury:

— Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire.

— The regional principalities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal, Awadh.

— Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas.

— The Maratha fiscal and financial system.

— Emergence of Afghan power Battle of Panipat, 1761.

— State of, political, cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest.

PAPER‐II

1.EuropeanPenetrationintoIndia:

The Early European Settlements; The Portuguese and the Dutch; The English and the French East India Companies; Their struggle for supremacy; Carnatic Wars; Bengal-The conflict between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English; The Battle of Plassey; Significance of Plassey.

2.BritishExpansioninIndia:

Bengal-Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle of Buxar; Mysore; The Marathas; The three Anglo-Maratha Wars; The Punjab.

3.EarlyStructureoftheBritishRaj:

140


The Early administrative structure; From diarchy to direct contol; The Regulating Act (1773); The Pitt's India Act (1784); The Charter Act (1833); The Voice of free trade and the changing character of British colonial rule; The English utilitarian and India.

4.EconomicImpactofBritishColonialRule:

(a) Land revenue settlements in British India; The Permanent Settlement; Ryotwari Settlement; Mahalwari Settlement; Economic impact of the revenue arrangements; Commercialization of agriculture; Rise of landless agrarian labourers; Impoverishment of the rural society.

(b) Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; De-industrialisation; Decline of traditional crafts; Drain of wealth; Economic transformation of India; Railroad and communication network including telegraph and postal services; Famine and poverty in the rural interior; European business enterprise and its limitations.

5.SocialandCulturalDevelopments:

The state of indigenous education, its dislocation; Orientalist-Anglicist controversy, The introduction of western education in India; The rise of press, literature and public opinion; The rise of modern vernacular literature; Progress of Science; Christian missionary activities in India.

6. SocialandReligiousReformMovementsinBengalandOtherAreas:

Ram Mohan Roy, The Brahmo Movement; Devendranath Tagore; Iswarchandra Vidyasagar; The Young Bengal Movement; Dayanada Saraswati; The social reform movements in India including Sati, widow remarriage, child marriage etc.; The contribution of Indian renaissance to the growth of modern India; Islamic revivalism-the Feraizi and Wahabi Movements.

7.IndianResponsetoBritishRule:

Peasant movement and tribal uprisings in the 18th and 19th centuries including the Rangpur Dhing (1783), the Kol Rebellion (1832), the Mopla Rebellion in Malabar (1841-1920), the Santal Hul (1855), Indigo Rebellion (1859-60), Deccan Uprising (1875) and the Munda Ulgulan (1899-1900); The Great Revolt of 1857 —Origin, character, casuses of failure, the consequences; The shift in the character of peasant uprisings in the post-1857 period; the peasant movements of the 1920s and 1930s.

8. Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism; Politics of Association; The Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Safety-valve thesis relating to the birth of the Congress; Programme and objectives of Early Congress; the social composition of early Congress leadership; the Moderates and Extremists; The Partition of Bengal (1905); The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal; the economic and political aspects of Swadeshi Movement; The beginning of revolutionary extremism in India.

9. Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhi's popular appeal; Rowlatt Satyagraha; the Khilafat Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement; National politics from the end of the Non-cooperation movement to the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement; the two phases of the Civil Disobedience Movement; Simon Commission; The Nehru Report; the Round Table Conferences; Nationalism and the Peasant Movements; Nationalism and Working class movements; Women and Indian youth and students in Indian politics (1885-1947); the election of 1937 and the formation of ministries; Cripps Mission; the Quit India Movement; the Wavell Plan; The Cabinet Mission.

141


10. Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935.

11. Other strands in the National Movement.

The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, U.P. the Madras Presidency, Outside India.

The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, the Congress Socialist Party; the Communist Party of India, other left parties.

12. Politics of Separatism; the Muslim League; the Hindu Mahasabha; Communalism and the politics of partition; Transfer of power; Independence.

13. Consolidation as a Nation; Nehru's Foreign Policy; India and her neighbours (1947-1964); The linguistic reorganisation of States (1935-1947); Regionalism and regional inequality; Integration of Princely States; Princes in electoral politics; the Question of National Language.

14. Caste and Ethnicity after 1947; Backward Castes and Tribes in post-colonial electoral politics; Dalit movements.

15. Economic development and political change; Land reforms; the politics of planning and rural reconstruction; Ecology and environmental policy in post-colonial India; Progress of Science.

16. EnlightenmentandModernideas:

(i) Major Ideas of Enlightenment : Kant, Rousseau.

(ii) Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies.

(iii) Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread of Marxian Socialism.

17. OriginsofModernPolitics:

(i) European States System.

(ii) American Revolution and the Constitution.

(iii) French Revolution and Aftermath, 1789-1815.

(iv) American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincoln and the abolition of slavery.

(v) British Democratic politics, 1815-1850 : Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, Chartists.

18. Industrialization:

(i) English Industrial Revolution : Causes and Impact on Society.

(ii) Industrialization in other countries : USA, Germany, Russia, Japan.

(iii) Industrialization and Globalization.

19.Nation‐StateSystem:

(i) Rise of Nationalism in 19th century.

(ii) Nationalism : State-building in Germany and Italy.

(iii) Disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergence of nationalities across the World.

20. ImperialismandColonialism:

(i) South and South-East Asia.

(ii) Latin America and South Africa.

(iii) Australia.

142


(iv) Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism.

21. RevolutionandCounter‐Revolution:

(i) 19th Century European revolutions.

(ii) The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921.

(iii) Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany.

(iv) The Chinese Revolution of 1949.

22.WorldWars:

(i) 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars : Societal implications.

(ii) World War I : Causes and Consequences.

(iii) World War II : Causes and Consequences.

23.TheWorldafterWorldWarII:

(i) Emergence of Two power blocs.

(ii) Emergence of Third World and non-alignment.

(iii) UNO and the global disputes.

24 .LiberationfromColonialRule:

(i) Latin America-Bolivar.

(ii) Arab World-Egypt.

(iii) Africa-Apartheid to Democracy.

(iv) South-East Asia-Vietnam.

25.DecolonizationandUnderdevelopment:

(i) Factors constraining Development ; Latin America, Africa.

26.UnificationofEurope:

(i) Post War Foundations ; NATO and European Community.

(ii) Consolidation and Expansion of European Community

(iii) European Union.

27. DisintegrationofSovietUnionandtheRiseoftheUnipolarWorld:

(i) Factors leading to the collapse of Soviet Communism and Soviet Union, 1985-1991.

(ii) Political Changes in East Europe 1989-2001.

(iii) End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World as the lone superpower.

LAW

PAPER‐I

ConstitutionalandadministrativeLaw:

1. Constitution and Constitutionalism:The distinctive features of the Constitution.

2. Fundamental Rights—Public interest litigation; Legal Aid; Legal services authority.

143


3. Relationship between Fundamental rights, Directive principles and Fundamental duties.

4. Constitutional Position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers.

5. Governor and his powers.

6. Supreme Court and the High Courts:

(a) Appointments and transfer.

(b) Powers, functions and jurisdiction.

7. Centre, States and local bodies:

(a) Distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States.

(b) Local Bodies.

(c) Administrative relationship among Union, State and Local Bodies.

(d) Eminent domain-State property-common property-community property.

8. Legislative powers, privileges and immunities.

9. Services under the Union and the States:

(a) Recruitment and conditions of services;Constitutional safeguards; Administrative tribunals.

(b) Union Public Service Commission and StatePublic Service Commissions—Power andfunctions.

(c) Election Commission—Power and functions.

10. Emergency provisions.

11. Amendment of the Constitution.

12. Principle of Natural Justice—Emerging trends and judicial approach.

13. Delegated legislation and its constitutionality.

14. Separation of powers and constitutional governance.

15. Judicial review of administrative action.

16. Ombudsman: Lokayukta, Lokpal etc.

InternationalLaw:

1. Nature and Definition of International Law.

2. Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law.

3. State Recognition and State Succession.

4. Law of the sea: Inland Waters,Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and High Seas.

5. Individuals: Nationality, statelessness; Human Rights and procedures available for their enforcement.

6. Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition and Asylum.

7. Treaties:Formation, application, termination and reservation.

8. United Nations: Its principal organs, powers and functions and reform.

144


9. Peaceful settlement of disputes—different modes.

10. Lawful recourse to force : aggressions, self-defence, intervention.

11. Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law—International conventions and contemporary developments.

12. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear non- proliferation treaty, CTST.

13. International Terrorism, State sponsored terrorism, Hijacking, International Criminal Court.

14. New International Economic Order and Monetary Law : WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World Bank.

15. Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment : International Efforts.

PAPER II

LawofCrimes:—

1. General principles of Criminal liability : mens rea and actus reus, mens rea in statutory offences.

2. Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment.

3. Preparations and criminal attempt.

4. General exceptions.

5. Joint and constructive liability.

6. Abetment.

7. Criminal conspiracy.

8. Offences against the State.

9. Offences against public tranquility.

10. Offences against human body.

11. Offences against property.

12. Offences against women.

13. Defamation.

14. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.

15. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and subsequent legislative developments.

16. Plea bargaining.

Law of Torts

1. Nature and definition.

2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability; Absolute liability.

3. Vicarious liability including State Liability.

4. General defences.

5. Joint tort fessors.

6. Remedies.

145


7. Negligence.

8. Defamation.

9. Nuisance.

10. Conspiracy.

11. False imprisonment.

12. Malicious prosecution.

13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

Lawof ContractsandMercantileLaw

1. Nature and formation of contract/E-contract.

2. Factors vitiating free consent.

3. Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.

4. Performance and discharge of contracts.

5. Quasi-contracts.

6. Consequences of breach of contract.

7. Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance.

8. Contract of agency.

9. Sale of goods and hire purchase.

10. Formation and dissolution of partnership.

11. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.

12. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

13. Standard form contracts.

ContemporaryLegalDevelopments

1. Public Interest Litigation.

2. Intellectual property rights—Concept, types/prospects.

3. Information Technology Law including Cyber Laws—Concept, purpose/prospects.

4. Competition Law—Concept, purpose/prospects.

5. Alternate Dispute Resolution—Concept, types/prospects.

6. Major statutes concerning environmental law.

7. Right to Information Act.

8. Trial by media.

Literatureofthefollowinglanguages:

NOTE (i).—A candidatemaybe required toanswer someorall theQuestions in thelanguageconcerned.

NOTE(ii).—InregardtothelanguagesincludedintheEighthScheduletoConstitution,thescriptswillbethesameasindicatedinSectionII(B)ofAppendixIrelatingtotheMainExamination.

146


NOTE(iii).—Candidatesshouldnotethatthequestionsnotrequiredtobeansweredinaspecific languagewillhavetobeanswered inthe languagemediumindicatedbythemforansweringpapersonEssay,GeneralStudiesandOptionalSubjects.

ASSAMESE

PAPER I

[AnswersmustbewritteninAssamese]

SectionA

Language

(a) History of the origin and development of the Assamese Language —its position among the Indo-Aryan language—periods in its history.

(b) Development of Assamese prose.

(c) Vowels and consonants of the Assamese Language—Rules of phonetic changes with stress on Assamese coming down from Old Indo-Aryan.

(d) Assamese vocabulary—and its sources.

(e) Morphology of the language—conjugation—enclitic definitives and pleonastic suffixes.

(f) Dilectical divergences—the Standard colloquial and the Kamrupi dialect in particular.

(g) Assamese script—its evolution through the ages till 19th century A.D.

SectionB

LiteraryCriticismandLiteraryHistory

(a) Principles of literary criticism up to New criticism.

(b) Different literary genres.

(c) Development of literary forms in Assamese.

(d) Development of literary criticism in Assamese.

(e) Periods of the literary history of Assam from the earliest beginnings, i.e. from the period of the charyyageeta with their socio-cultural background : the proto Assamese Pre-Sankaradeva—Sankaradeva—Post-Sankaradeva—Modern period (from the coming of the Britishers)—Post-Independence period. Special emphasis is to be given on the Vaisnavite period, the gonaki and the post-independence periods.

PAPER II

This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability.

[AnswersmustbewritteninAssamese]

SectionA

Râmâyana (Ayodhyâ Kânda —by Madhava Kandali only)

Pârijât-Harana —by Sankaradeva.

Râsakrîdâ —by Sankaradeva (From Kirtana Ghosa)

Bârgeet —by Madhavadeva.

147


Râjasûya —by Madhavadeva.

Kathâ-Bhâgavata(Books I and II) —by Baikurthanath Bhattacharyya.

Gurucarit-Kathâ (Sankaradeva’s Part only) —ed. by Maheswar Neog.

SECTION B

Mor Jeevan Soñwaran —by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.

Kripâbar BorbaruârKakatar Topola —by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.

Pratimâ —by Chandra KumarAgarwalla.

Gâonburhâ —by Padmanath GohainBarua.

Manomatî —by Rajanikanta Bordoloi.

Purani Asamîyâ Sâhitya —by Banikanta Kakati.

Kârengar Ligirî —by Jyotiprasad Agarwalla

Jeevanar Bâtat —by Bina Barva(BirinchiKumar Barua)

Mrityunjoy —by Birendrakumar Bhattacharyya

Samrât —by Navakanta Barua

BENGALI

PAPER 1

HistoryofLanguageandLiterature.

[AnswersmustbewritteninBengali]

SectionA:TopicsfromtheHistoryofBanglalanguage

1. The chronological track from Proto Indo-European to Bangla (Family tree with branches and approximate dates).

2. Historical stages of Bangla (Old, Middle, New) and their linguistic features.

3. Dialects of Bangla and their distinguishing characteristics.

4. Elements of Bangla Vocabulary.

5. Forms of Bangla Literary Prose—Sadhu and Chalit.

6. Processes of language change relevant for Bangla :

Apinihiti (Anaptyxis), Abhishruti (umlaut), Murdhanyibhavan (cerebralization), Nasikyibhavan (Nasalization), Samibhavan (Assimilation), Sadrishya (Analogy), Svaragama (Vowel insertion) —Adi Svaragama, Madhya Svaragama or Svarabhakti, Antya Svaragama, Svarasangati (Vowel harmony), y—shruti and w—shruti.

7. Problems of standardization and reform of alphabet and spelling, and those of transliteration and Romanization.

8. Phonology, Morphology and Syntax of Modern Bangla.

(Sounds of Modern Bangla, Conjuncts; word formations, compounds; basic sentence patterns.)

148


SectionB:TopicsfromtheHistoryofBanglaLiterature.

1. Periodization of Bangla Literature : Old Bangla and Middle Bangla.

2. Points of difference between modern and pre-modern Bangla Literature.

3. Roots and reasons behind the emergence of modernity in Bangla Literature.

4. Evolution of various Middle Bangla forms ; Mangal Kavyas, Vaishnava lyrics, Adapted narratives (Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagavata) and religious biographies.

5. Secular forms in middle Bangla literature.

6. Narrative and lyric trends in the nineteenth century Bangla poetry.

7. Development of prose.

8. Bangla dramatic literature (nineteenth century, Tagore, Post-1944 Bangla drama).

9. Tagore and post-Tagoreans.

10. Fiction, major authors :

Bankimchandra, Tagore, Saratchandra, Bibhutibhusan, Tarasankar, Manik ).

11. Women and Bangla literature : creators and created.

PAPER II

Prescribed texts for close study

[AnswersmustbewritteninBengali]

SectionA

1. VaishnavaPadavali(Calcutta University)

Poems of Vidyapati, Chandidas, Jnanadas, Govindadas and Balaramdas.

2. Chandimangal Kalketu episode by Mukunda (Sahitya Akademi).

3. ChaitanyaCharitamrita,Madhya Lila by Krishnadas Kaviraj (Sahitya Akademi).

4. MeghnadbadhKavyaby Madhusudan Dutta.

5. Kapalkundalaby Bankimchandra Chatterjee.

6. Samyaand BangadesherKrishakby Bankimchandra Chatterjee.

7. SonarTariby Rabindranath Tagore.

8. Chhinnapatravaliby Rabindranath Tagore.

SectionB

9. Raktakarabiby Rabindranath Tagore.

10. Nabajatakby Rabindranath Tagore.

11. Grihadahaby Saratchandra Chatterjee.

12. PrabandhaSamgraha,Vol. 1, by Pramatha Choudhuri.

149


13. Aranyakby Bibhutibhusan Banerjee.

14. Short storiesby Manik Bandyopadhyay : Atashi Mami, Pragaitihasik, Holud-Pora, Sarisrip, Haraner Natjamai, Chhoto-Bokulpurer Jatri, Kustharogir Bou, Jakey Ghush Ditey Hoy.

15. ShresthaKavitaby Jibanananda Das.

16. Jagoriby Satinath Bhaduri.

17. EbamIndrajit by Badal Sircar.

PAPER I

History of Bodo Language and Literature

[AnswersmustbewritteninBodo]

SectionA

Historyof BodoLanguage

1. Homeland, language family, its present status and its mutual contact with Assamese.

2. (a) phonemes : Vowel and Consonant Phonemes.

(b) Tones.

3. Morphology : Gender, Case and Case endings, Plural suffix, Definitives, Verbal suffix.

4. Vocabulary and its sources.

5. Syntax : Types of sentences, Word Order.

6. History of scripts used in writing Bodo Language since inception.

SectionB

HistoryofBodoLiterature

1. General introduction of Bodo folk Literature.

2. Contribution of the Missionaries.

3. Periodization of Bodo Literature.

4. Critical analysis of different genre (Poetry, Novel, Short Story and Drama).

5. Translation Literature.

PaperII

Thepaperwillrequirefirst‐handreadingofthetextsprescribedandwillbedesignedtotestthecriticalabilityofthecandidates.

(AnswersmustbewritteninBodo)

SectionA

(a) Khonthai-Methai (Edited by Madaram Brahma & Rupnath Brahma)

(b) Hathorkhi-Hala (Edited by Pramod Chandra Brahma)

(c) Boroni Gudi Sibsa Arw Aroz : Madaram Brahma

150


(d) Raja Nilambar : Dwarendra Nath Basumatary

(e) Bibar (prose section) (Edited by Satish Chandra Basumatary).

SectionB

(a) Bibi Bithai (Aida Nwi) : Bihuram Boro

(b) Radab : Samar Brahma Chaudhury

(c) Okhrang Gongse Nangou : Brajendra Kumar Brahma

(d) Baisagu Arw Harimu : Laksheswar Brahma

(e) Gwdan Boro : Manoranjan Lahary

(f) Jujaini Or : Chittaranjan Muchahary

(g) Mwihoor : Dharanidhar Wary

(h) Hor Badi Khwmsi : Kamal Kumar Brahma

(i) Jaolia Dewan : Mangal Singh Hozowary

(j) Hagra Guduni Mwi : Nilkamal Brahma

DOGRI

PAPER I

HISTORY OF DOGRI LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

(AnswersmustbewritteninDogri)

SectionA

HistoryofDogriLanguage

1. Dogri language: Origin and development through different stages.

2. Linguistic boundaries of Dogri and its dialects.

3. Characteristic features of Dogri Language.

4. Structure of Dogri Langauge:

(a) Sound Structure:

Segmental : Vowels and Consonants

Non-segmental : Length, Stress, Nasalization, Tone and Junture.

(b) Morphology of Dogri:

(i) Inflection Categories: Gender, Number, Case, Person, Tense and Voice.

(ii) Word Formation; use of prefixes, infixes and suffixes.

(iii) Vocabulary: tatsam, tadbhav, foreign and regional.

(c) Sentence Structure; Major Sentence-types and their constituents, agreement and concord in Dogri syntax.

5. Dogri Language and Scripts: Dogre/Dogra Akkhar, Devanagari and Persia.

SectionB

HistoryofDogriLanguage

151


1. A brief account of Pre-independence Dogri Literature: Poetry & Prose.

2. Development of modern Dogri Poetry and main trends in Dogri Poetry.

3. Development of Dogri short-story, main trends and prominent short-story writers.

4. Development of Dogri Novel, main trends and contribution of Dogri Novelists.

5. Development of Dogri Drama and contribution of prominent playwrights.

6. Development of Dogri Prose; Essays, Memoirs and travelogues.

7. An introduction to Dogri Folk Literature—Folk songs, Folk tales 7 Ballads.

PAPER‐II

TEXTUAL CRITICISM OF DOGRI LITERATURE

(AnswersmustbewritteninDogri)

SectionA

Poetry

1. Azadi Paihle Di Dogri Kavita

The following poets:

Devi Ditta, Lakkhu, Ganga Ram, Ramdhan, Hardutt, Pahari Gandhi Baba Kanshi Ram & Permanand Almast

2. Modern Dogri Poetry

Azadi Bad Di Dogri Kavita

The following poets :

Kishan Smailpuri, Tara Smailpuri, Mohan Lal Sapolia, Yash Sharma, K.S. Madhukar, Padma Sachdev, Jitendra Udhampuri, Charan Singh and Prakash Premi

3. Sheeraza Dogri Number 102, Ghazal Ank

The following poets :

Ram Lal Sharma, Ved Pal Deep, N.D. Jamwal, Shiv Ram Deep, Ashwini Magotra and Virendra Kesar

4. Sheeraza Dogri Number 147, Ghazal Ank

The following poets:

R.N. Shastri, Jitendra Udhampuri, Champa Sharma and Darshan Darshi.

5. Ramayan (Epic) by Shambhu Nath Sharma (up to Ayodhya Kand)

6. Veer Gulab (Khand Kavya) by Dinoo Bhai Pant.

SectionB

Prose

1. Ajakani Dogri Kahani

The following Short Story Writers :

Madan Mohan Sharma, Narendra Khajuri and B.P. Sathe

2. Ajakani Dogri Kahani Part-II

The following Short Story Writers :

152


Ved Rahi, Narsingh Dev Jamwal, Om Goswami, Chahttrapal, Lalit Magotra, Chaman Arora and Ratan Kesar.

3. Khatha Kunj Bhag II

The following Story Writers :

Om Vidyarthi, Champa Sharma and Krishan Sharma.

4. Meel Patthar (collection of short stories) by Bandhu Sharma.

5. Kaiddi (Novel) by Desh Bandhu Dogra Nutan.

6. Nanga Rukkh (Novel) by O.P. Sharma Sarathi.

7. Nayaan (Drama) by Mohan Singh.

8. Satrang (A collection of one act plays).

The following play wrights :

Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Ram Nath Shastri, Jitendra Sharma, Lalit Magotra and Madan Mohan Sharma.

9. Dogri Lalit Nibandh

The following authors:

Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Narayan Mishra, Balkrishan Shastri, Shiv Nath, Shyam Lal Sharma, Lakshmi Narayan, D.C. Prashant, Ved Ghai, Kunwar Viyogi.

ENGLISH

The syllabus consists of two papers, designed to test a first-hand and critical reading of texts prescribed from the following periods in English Literature : Paper 1 : 1600-1900 and Paper 2 : 1900–1990.

There will be two compulsory questions in each paper : (a) A short-notes question related to the topics for general study, and (b) A critical analysis of UNSEEN passages both in prose and verse.

PAPER I

(AnswersmustbewritteninEnglish)

Textsfordetailedstudyarelistedbelow.Candidateswillalsoberequiredtoshowadequateknowledgeofthefollowingtopicsandmovements:

The Renaissance; Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama; Metaphysical Poetry; The Epic and the Mock-epic; Neo-classicism; Satire; The Romantic Movement; The Rise of the Novel; The Victorian Age.

SectionA

1. William Shakespeare : King Lear and The Tempest.

2. John Donne. The following poems :

–Canonization;

–Death be not proud;

–The Good Morrow;

–On his Mistress going to bed;

–The Relic;

3. John Milton : Paradise Lost, I, II, IV, IX.

153


4. Alexander Pope. The Rape of the Lock.

5. William Wordsworth. The following poems :

– Ode on Intimations of Immortality.

– Tintern Abbey.

– Three years she grew.

– She dwelt among untrodden ways.

– Michael.

– Resolution and Independence.

– The World is too much with us.

– Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour.

– Upon Westminster Bridge.

6. Alfred Tennyson : In Memoriam.

7. Henrik Ibsen : A Doll’s House.

SectionB

1. Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels.

2. Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice.

3. Henry Fielding. Tom Jones.

4. Charles Dickens. Hard Times.

5. George Eliot. The Mill on the Floss.

6. Thomas Hardy. Tess of the d’Urbervilles.

7. Mark Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

PAPER II

(AnswersmustbewritteninEnglish)

Textsfordetailedstudyarelistedbelow.Candidateswillalsoberequiredtoshowadequateknowledgeofthefollowingtopicsandmovements:

Modernism; Poets of the Thirties; The stream-of-consciousness Novel; Absurd Drama; Colonialism and Post-Colonialism; Indian Writing in English; Marxist, Psychoanalytical and Feminist approaches to literature; Post-Modernism.

SectionA

1. William Butler Yeats. The following poems :

– Easter 1916.

– The Second Coming.

– A Prayer for my daughter.

– Sailing to Byzantium.

– The Tower.

154


– Among School Children.

– Leda and the Swan.

– Meru.

– Lapis Lazuli.

– The Second Coming.

– Byzantium.

2. T.S. Eliot. The following poems :

– The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.

– Journey of the Magi.

– Burnt Norton.

3. W.H. Auden. The following poems :

– Partition

– Musee des Beaux Arts

– In Memory of W.B. Yeats

– Lay your sleeping head, my love

– The Unknown Citizen

– Consider

– Mundus Et Infans

– The Shield of Achilles

– September 1, 1939

– Petition

4. John Osborne : Look Back in Anger.

5. Samuel Beckett. Waiting for Godot.

6. Philip Larkin. The following poems :

– Next

– Please

– Deceptions

– Afternoons

– Days

– Mr. Bleaney

7. A.K. Ramanujan. The following poems :

– Looking for a Cousin on a Swing

– A River

– Of Mothers, among other Things

155


– Love Poem for a Wife 1

– Small-Scale Reflections on a Great House

– Obituary

(All these poems are available in the anthology Ten Twentieth Century Indian Poets, edited by R. Parthasarthy, published by Oxford University Press, New Delhi).

Section B

1. Joseph Conrad. Lord Jim.

2. James Joyce. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.

3. D.H. Lawrence. Sons and Lovers.

4. E.M. Forster. A Passage to India.

5. Virginia Woolf. Mrs. Dalloway.

6. Raja Rao. Kanthapura.

7. V.S. Naipaul. A House for Mr. Biswas.

GUJARATI

PAPER I

(AnswersmustbewritteninGujarati)

SectionA

GujaratiLanguage:FormandHistory

(1) History of Gujarati Language with special reference to New Indo-Aryan i.e. last one thousand years.

(2) Significant features of the Gujarati language : phonology, morphology and syntax.

(3) Major dialects : Surti, pattani, charotari and Saurashtri.

HistoryofGujaratiliterature

Medieval:

4. Jaina tradition

5. Bhakti tradition : Sagun and Nirgun (Jnanmargi)

6. Non-sectarian tradition (Laukik parampara)

Modern:

7. Sudharak yug

8. Pandit yug

9. Gandhi yug

10. Anu-Gandhi yug

11. Adhunik yug

SectionB

156


LiteraryForms:(Salient features, history and development of the following literary forms :)

(a) Medieval

1. Narratives : Rasa, Akhyan and Padyavarta

2. Lyrical: Pada

(b) Folk

3. Bhavai

(c) Modern

4. Fiction : Novel and Short Story

5. Drama

6. Literary Essay

7. Lyrical Poetry

(d) Criticism

8. History of theoretical Gujarati criticism

9. Recent research in folk tradition.

PAPER II

(AnswersmustbewritteninGujarati)

The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidate.

SectionA

1. Medieval

(i) Vasantvilas phagu—AJNATKRUT

(ii) Kadambari—BHALAN

(iii) Sudamacharitra—PREMANAND

(iv) Chandrachandravatini varta—SHAMAL

(v) Akhegeeta—AKHO

2. Sudharakyug&Pandityug

(vi) Mari Hakikat—NARMADASHA

(vii) Farbasveerah—DALPATRAM

(viii) Saraswatichandra-Part 1—GOVARDHANRAM TRIPATHI

(ix) Purvalap—‘KANT’ (MANISHANKAR RATNAJI BHATT)

(x) Raino Parvat—RAMANBHAI NEELKANTH

SectionB

1. Gandhiyug&AnuGandhiyug

(i) Hind Swaraj—MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI

(ii) Patanni Prabhuta—KANHAIYALAL MUNSHI

(iii) Kavyani Shakti—RAMNARAYAN VISHWANATH PATHAK

157


(iv) Saurashtrani Rasdhar-Part 1—ZAVERCHAND MEGHANI

(v) Manvini Bhavai—PANNALAL PATEL

(vi) Dhvani—RAJENDRA SHAH

2. Adhunikyug

(vii) Saptapadi—UMASHANKAR JOSHI

(viii) Janantike—SURESH JOSHI

(ix) Ashwatthama—SITANSHU YASHASCHANDRA.

HINDI

PAPER I

(AnswersmustbewritteninHindi)

SectionA

1.HistoryofHindiLanguageandNagariLipi

I. Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.

II. Development of Braj and Awadhi as Literary language during medieval period.

III. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and Dakhni Hindi.

IV. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century.

V. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.

VI. Development of Hindi as a National Language during freedom movement.

VII. The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India.

VIII. Scientific & Technical Development of Hindi Language.

IX. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter-relationship.

X. Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi.

XI. Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.

SectionB

2. HistoryofHindiLiterature

I. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi Literature.

II. Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.

A : Adikal—Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya. Prominent poets—Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati.

B : Bhaktikal—Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara.

Prominent Poets—Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.

C : Ritikal—Ritikavya, Ritibaddhkavya & Riti Mukta Kavya. Prominent Poets—Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar and Ghananand.

D : Adhunik Kal—

158


a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal.

b. Prominent Writers—Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.

c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry: Chhayavad, Pragativad, Prayogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.

Prominent Poets—Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun.

3.KathaSahitya

B

A : Upanyas & Realism

B : The origin and development of Hindi Novels.

C : ProminentNovelists—Premchand, Jain-endra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani.

D : The origin and development of Hindi short story.

E : Prominent Short Story Writers—Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Sobti.

4.Drama&Theatre

A : The Origin & Development of Hindi Drama.

B : Prominent Dramatists—Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh.

C : The development of Hindi Theatre.

5.Criticism

A : The origin and development of Hindi criticism : Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi. Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.

B : Prominent critics—Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra.

6. The other form of Hindi prose—Lalit Nibandh,Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant.

PAPER II

(AnswersmustbewritteninHindi)

The paper will require first-hand reading of the prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates.

SectionA

1. Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis)

2. Soordas : Bhramar Geetsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)

3. Tulsidas : Ramcharit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttarkand)

4. Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand)

5. Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)

6. Maithili Sharan : Bharat Bharati Gupta

159


7. Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Shraddha Sarg)

8. Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Pooja & Kukurmutta)

9. Dinkar : Kurukshetra

10. Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Veena)

11. Muktiboth : Brahm Rakhashas

12. Nagarjun : Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha.

SectionB

1. Bharatendu : Bharat Durdasha

2. Mohan Rakesh : Ashadh Ka Ek Din

3. Ramchandra : Chintamani (Part I) (KavitaKya Shukla Hai, ShraddhaAurBhakti)

4. Dr. Satyendra : Nibandh Nilaya—Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai.

5. Premchand Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai/Manjusha—Prem Chand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan. Ed. Amrit Rai.

6. Prasad : Skandgupta

7. Yashpal : Divya

8. Phaniswar Nath : Maila Anchal Renu

9. Mannu Bhandari : Mahabhoj

10. Rajendra Yadav : Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories)

KANNADA

PAPER‐I

(AnswersmustbewritteninKannada)

SectionA

A. HistoryofKannadaLanguage

What is Language ? General characteristics of Language. Dravidian Family of Languages and its specific features. Antiquity of Kannada Language. Different phases of its Development.

Dialects of Kannada Language : Regional and Social. Various aspects of developments of Kannada Language: phonological and Semantic changes. Language borrowing.

B. HistoryofKannadaLiterature

Ancient Kannada literature : Influence and Trends, Poets for study : Specified poets from Pampa to Ratnakara Varni are to be studied in the light of contents, form and expression : Pampa, Janna, Nagachandra.

Medieval Kannada literature : Influence and Trends.

Vachana Literature : Basavanna, Akka Mahadevi.

160


Medieval Poets : Harihara, Raghavanka, Kumara-Vyasa.

Dasa literature : Purandara and Kanaka.

Sangataya : Ratnakarvarni

C. Modern Kannada literature : Influence, trends and ideologies, Navodaya, Pragatishila, Navya, Dalita and Bandaya.

SectionB

A. PoeticsandLiteraryCriticism

Definition and concepts of poetry; Word, Meaning, Alankara, Reeti, Rasa, Dhwani, Auchitya.

Interpretations of Rasa Sutra. Modern Trends of literary criticism : Formalist, Historical, Marxist, Feminist, Post-colonial criticism.

B. CulturalHistoryofKarnataka

Contribution of Dynasties to the culture of Karnataka: Chalukyas of Badami and Kalyani, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara rulers, in literary context.

Major religions of Karnataka and their cultural contribution.

Arts of Karnataka ; Sculpture, Architecture, Painting, Music, Dance—in the literary context.

Unification of Karnataka and its impact of Kannada literature.

PAPER‐II

(AnswersmustbewritteninKannada)

The Paper will require first-hand reading of the Texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidates.

SectionA

A.OldKannadaLiterature

1. Vikramaarjuna Vijaya of Pampa (Cantos 12 & 13), (Mysore University Pub.)

2. Vaddaraadhane (Sukumaraswamyia Kathe, Vidyutchorana Kathe)

B. MedievalKannadaLiterature

1. Vachana, Kammata, Ed. K. Marulasiddappa K.R. Nagaraj (Bangalore University Pub.)

2. Janapriya Kanakasamputa, Ed. D. Javare Gowda (Kannada and Culture Directorate, Bangalore)

3. Nambiyannana Ragale, Ed., T.N. Sreekantaiah (Ta. Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore)

4. Kumaravyasa Bharata : Karna Parva (Mysore University)

5. Bharatesha Vaibhava Sangraha Ed Ta. Su. Shama Rao (Mysore University)

SectionB

A. ModernKannadaLiterature

1. Poetry : Hosagannada Kavite, Ed. G.H. Nayak (Kannada Saahitya Parishattu, Bangalore)

161


2. Novel : Bettada Jeeva—Shivarama Karanta Madhavi—Anupama NiranjanaOdalaala-Deva-nuru Mahadeva

3. Short Story : Kannada Sanna Kathegalu, Ed. G.H. Nayak (Sahitya Academy, New Delhi)

4. Drama : Shudra Tapaswi—Kuvempu. Tughalak—Girish Karnad.

5. Vichara Sahitya : Devaru—A.N. Moorty Rao (Pub: D.V.K.Moorty, Mysore.)

B. FolkLiterature:

1. Janapada Swaroopa—Dr. H.M. Nayak. (Ta. Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore.)

2. Janpada Geetaanjali—Ed. D. Javare Gowda.(Pub : Sahitya Academy, New Delhi).

3. Kannada Janapada Kathegalu—Ed. J.S. Paramashiviaah (Mysore University).

4. Beedi Makkalu Beledo. Ed. Kalegowda Nagavara (Pub : Bangalore University).

5. Savirada Ogatugalu—Ed. S.G. Imrapura.

KASHMIRI

PAPER‐I

(AnswersmustbewritteninKashmiri)

Section A

1. Genealogical relationship of the Kashmiri language: various theories.

2. Areas of occurence and dialects (geographical/social)

3. Phonology and grammar:

i. Vowel and consonant system;

ii. Nouns and pronouns with various case inflections;

iii. Verbs: various types and tenses.

4. Syntactic structure:

i. Simple, active and declarative statements;

ii. Coordination;

iii. Relativisation.

SectionB

1. Kashmiri literature in the 14th century (Socio-cultural and intellectual background with

special reference to LalDyadandSheikhulAlam).

2. Nineteenth century Kashmiri literature (development of various genres : vatsun;ghazalandmathnavi.

3. Kashmiri literature in the first half of the twentieth century (with special reference to Mahjoor and Azad; various literary influences).

4. Modern Kashmiri literature (with special reference to the development of the short story, drama, novel and nazm).

PAPER‐II

162


(AnswersmustbewritteninKashmiri)

SectionA

1. Intensive study of Kashmiri poetry up to the nineteenth century :

(i) Lal Dyad,

(ii) Sheikhul Aalam

(iii) Habba Khatoon

2. Kashmiri poetry : 19th Century

(i) Mahmood Gami (Vatsans)

(ii) Maqbool shah (Gulrez)

(iii) Rasool Mir (Ghazals)

(iv) Abdul Ahad Nadim (N’at)

(v) Krishanjoo Razdan (ShivLagun)

(vi) Sufi Poets (Test inSanglaab, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir)

3. Twentieth Century Kashmiri poetry (text in AzichKashir Shairi,published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir).

4. Literary criticism and research work : development and various trends.

SectionB

1. An analytical study of the short story in Kashmiri.

(i) AfsanaMajmu’a,published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir.

(ii) KashurAfsanaAz,published by the Sahitya Akademi.

(iii) HamasarKashurAfsana,published by the Sahitya Akademi.

The following short story writers only : Akhtar Mohi-ud Din, Kamil, Hari Krishan Kaul, Hraday Kaul Bharti, Bansi Nirdosh, Gulshan Majid.

2. Novel in Kashmiri :

(i) Mujrimby G. N. Gowhar

(ii) Marun—Ivan Ilyichun, (Kashmiri version of Tolstoy’s) The Death of Ivan Ilyich (published by Kashmiri Deptt.)

3. Drama in Kashmiri :

(i) NatukKarivBandbyHari Krishan Kaul

(ii) Qk Angy Natuk, ed. Motilal Keemu, published by the Sahitya Akademi.

(iii) RaziOedipus,tr. Naji Munawar, published by the Sahitya Akademi.

4. Kashmiri Folk Literature :

(i) Kashur LukiTheatreby Mohammad Subhan Bhagat,published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir.

(ii) KashiryLukiBeeth(all volumes) published by the J&K Cultural Akademy.

KONKANI

PAPER‐I

163


(AnswersmustbewritteninKonkani)

SectionA

HistoryoftheKonkaniLanguage:

(i) Origin and development of the language and influences on it.

(ii) Major variants of Konkani and their linguistic features.

(iii) Grammatical and lexicographic work in Konkani, including a study of cases, adverbs, indeclinables and voices.

(iv) Old Standard Konkani, New Standard and Standardisation problems.

SectionB

HistoryofKonkaniLiterature

Candidates would be expected to be well-acquainted with Konkani literature and its social and cultural background and consider the problems and issues arising out of them.

(i) History of Konkani literature from its probable source to the present times, with emphasis on its major works, writers and movements.

(ii) Social and cultural background of the making of Konkani literature from time to time.

(iii) Indian and Western influences on Konkani literature, from the earliest to modern times.

(iv) Modern literary trends in the various genres and regions including a study of Konkani folklore.

PAPER‐II

(AnswersmustbewritteninKonkani)

TextualCriticismofKonkaniLiterature

The paper will be designed to test the candidate’s critical and analytical abilities. Candidates would be expected to be well-acquainted with Konkani Literature and required to have first-hand reading of the following texts :

SectionA:Prose

1. (a) Konkani Mansagangotri (excluding poetry) ed. by Prof : Olivinho Gomes.

(b) Old Konkani language and literature—the Portuguese Role

2. (a) Otmo Denvcharak—a novel by A. V. da Cruz.

(b) Vadoll ani Varem—a novel by Antonio Pereira.

(c) Devache Kurpen—a novel by V.J.P. Saldanha.

3. (a) Vajralikhani—Shenoy goem-bab-An anthology-ed. by Shantaram Varde Valavalikar.

(b) Konkani Lalit Niband—Essays-ed. by Shyam Verenkar.

(c) Teen Dasakam—An anthology—ed. by Chandrakant Keni.

4. (a) Demand—Drama-by Pundalik Naik.

(b) Kadambini: A Miscellany of Modern Prose—ed. by Prof. O.J.F. Gomes and Smt. P.S. Tadkodkar.

(c) Ratha Tujeo Ghudieo—by Smt. Jayanti Naik.

SectionB:Poetry

164


1. (a) Ev ani Mori : Poetry by Eduardo Bruno de Souza.

(b) Abravanchem Yadnyadan—by Luis Mascarenhas.

2. (a) Godde Ramayan—ed. by R.K. Rao.

(b) Ratnahar I and II—collection of poems—ed. R. V. Pandit.

3. (a) Zayo Zuyo—poems- Manohar L. Sardessai.

(b) Kanadi Mati Konkani Kavi—Anthology ofPoems—ed. Pratap Naik.

4. (a) Adrushatache Kalle—Poems by Pandurang Bhangui.

(b) Yaman—Poems by Madhav Borkar.

MAITHILI

PAPER I

HISTORY OF MAITHILI LANGUAGE AND

ITS LITERATURE

(AnswersmustbewritteninMaithili)

PART A

HistoryofMaithiliLanguage

1. Place of Maithili in Indo-European Language family.

2. Origin and development of Maithili language. (Sanskrit, Prakrit, Avhatt, Maithili)

3. Periodic division of Maithili Language. (Beginning, Middle era, Modern era).

4. Maithili and its different dialects.

5. Relationship between Maithili and other Eastern languages (Bengali, Asamese, Oriya)

6. Origin and Development of Tirhuta Script.

7. Pronouns and Verbs in Maithili Language.

PARTB

HistoryofMaithiliLiterature

1. Background of Maithili Literature (Religious, Economic, Social, Cultural).

2. Periodic division of Maithili literature.

3. Pre-Vidyapati Literature.

4. Vidyapati and his tradition.

5. Medieval Maithili Drama (Kirtaniya Natak, Ankia Nat, Maithili dramas written in Nepal).

6. Maithili Folk Literature (Folk Tales, Folk Drama, Folk Stories, Folk Songs).

7. Development of different literary forms in modern era :

(a) Prabandh-kavya

(b) Muktak-kavya

(c) Novel

(d) Short Story

(e) Drama

(f) Essay

(g) Criticism

(h) Memoirs

165


(i) Translation

8. Development of Maithili Magazines and Journals.

PAPER‐II

(AnswersmustbewritteninMaithili)

Thepaperwillrequirefirst‐handreadingoftheprescribedtextsandwilltestthecriticalabilityofthecandidates.

PART A

Poetry

1. Vidyapati Geet-Shati—Publisher : Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi (Lyrics— 1 to 50)

2. Govind Das Bhajanavali—Publisher : Maithili Acadamy, Patna (Lyrics— 1 to 25)

3. Krishnajanm—Manbodh

4. Mithilabhasha Ramayana—Chanda Jha (only Sunder-Kand)

5. Rameshwar Charit Mithila Ramayan—Lal Das (only Bal-kand)

6. Keechak-Vadh—Tantra Nath Jha.

7. Datta-Vati—Surendra Jah ‘Suman’ (only 1st and 2nd Cantos).

8. Chitra-Yatri

9. Samakaleen Maithili Kavita—Publisher: Sahitaya Akademi, New Delhi.

PART‐B

10. Varna Ratnakar—Jyotirishwar (only 2nd Kallol)

11. Khattar Kakak Tarang—Hari Mohan Jha

12. Lorik—Vijaya Manipadma

13. Prithvi Putra—Lalit

14. Bhaphait Chahak Jinagi—Sudhanshu ‘Shekhar’ Choudhary

15. Kriti Rajkamlak—Publisher: Maithili Acadamy, Patna (First Ten Stories only)

16. Katha–Sangrah–Publisher: Maithili Acadamy, Patna.

MALAYALAM

PAPER‐I

(AnswersmustbewritteninMalayalam)

Section A

1—EarlyphaseofMalayalamLanguage:

1.1 Various theories : Origin from proto Dravidian, Tamil, Sanskrit.

1.2 Relation between Tamil and Malayalam : Six nayas of A. R. Rajarajavarma.

1.3 Pattu School—Definition, Ramacharitam, later pattu works—Niranam works and Krishnagatha.

2—Linguisticfeaturesof:

2.1 Manipravalam—definition. Language of early manipravala works—Champu, Sandesakavya, Chandrotsava, minor works. Later manipravala works—medieval Champu and Attakkatha.

2.2 Folklore—Southern and Northern ballads, Mappila songs.

166


2.3 Early Malayalam Prose—Bhashakautaliyam, Brahmandapuranam, Attaprakaram, Kramadipika and Nambiantamil.

3—StandardisationofMalayalam:

3.1 Peculiarities of the language of Pana, Kilippattu and Tullal.

3.2 Contributions of indigenous and European missionaries to Malayalam.

3.3 Characteristics of contemporary Malayalam; Malayalam as administrative language. Language of scientific and technical literature—media language.

SectionB

LITERARY HISTORY

4—AncientandMedievalLiterature:

4.1 Pattu—Ramacharitam, Niranam Works and Krishnagatha.

4.2 Manipravalam—early and medieval manipravala works including attakkatha and champu.

4.3 Folk Literature.

4.4 Kilippattu, Tullal and Mahakavya.

5—ModernLiterature—Poetry:

5.1 Venmani poets and contemporaries.

5.2 The advent of Romanticism—Poetry of Kavitraya i.e., Asan, Ulloor and Vallathol.

5.3 Poetry after Kavitraya.

5.4 Modernism in Malayalam Poetry.

6—ModernLiterature—Prose:

6.1 Drama.

6.2 Novel.

6.3 Short story.

6.4 Biography, travelogue, essay and criticism.

PAPER‐II

(AnswersmustbewritteninMalayalam)

Thispaperwillrequire firsthandreadingof the textsprescribedand isdesigned totestthecandidate’scriticalability.

Section A

Unit1

1.1 Ramacharitam—Patalam 1.

1.2 Kannassaramayanam—Balakandam first 25 stanzas.

1.3 Unnunilisandesam—Purvabhagam 25 slokas including Prastavana.

1.4 Mahabharatham Kilippattu—Bhishmaparvam.

Unit2

2.1 Kumaran Asan—Chintavisthayaya Sita.

167


2.2 Vailoppilli—Kutiyozhikkal.

2.3 G. Sankara Kurup—Perunthachan.

2.4 N. V. Krishna Variar—Tivandiyile pattu.

Unit3

3.1 O. N. V.—Bhumikkoru Charamagitam.

3.2 Ayyappa Panicker—Kurukshetram.

3.3 Akkittam—Pandatha Messanthi.

3.4 Attur Ravivarma—Megharupan.

SectionB

Unit4

4.1 O. Chanthu Menon—Indulekha.

4.2 Thakazhy—Chemmin.

4.3 O. V. Vijayan—Khasakkinte Ithihasam.

Unit5

5.1 M. T. Vasudevan Nair—Vanaprastham (Collection).

5.2 N. S. Madhavan—Higvitta (Collection).

5.3 C. J. Thomas—1128-il Crime 27.

Unit6

6.1 Kuttikrishna Marar—Bharataparyatanam.

6.2 M. K. Sanu—Nakshatrangalute Snehabhajanam.

6.3 V. T. Bhatttathirippad—Kannirum Kinavum.

MANIPURI

PAPER‐I

(AnswersmustbewritteninManipuri)

Section A

Language:

(a) General characteristics of Manipuri Language and history of its development; its importance and status among the Tibeto-Burman Languages of North-East India; recent development in the study of Manipuri Language; evolution and study of old Manipuri script.

(b) Significant features of Manipuri Language :

(i) Phonology : Phoneme-vowels, consonants juncture, tone, consonant cluster and its occurrence, syllable-its structure, pattern and types.

(ii) Morphology : Word-class, root and its types; affix and its types; grammatical categories-gender, number, person, case, tense and aspects, process of compounding (samas and sandhi).

(iii) Syntax : Word order; types of sentences, phrase and clause structures.

SectionB

(a) Literary History of Manipuri :

168


Early period (up to 17th Century)–Social and cultural background; Themes, diction and style of the works.

Medieval period (18th and 19th Century)-Social, religious and political background; Themes, diction and style of the works.

Modern period-Growth of major literary forms; change of Themes, diction and style.

(b) Manipuri Folk Literature :

Legend, Folktale, Folksong, Ballad, Proverb and Riddle.

(c) Aspects of Manipuri Culture :

Pre-Hindu Manipuri Faith; Advent of Hinduism and the process of syncreticism;

Performing arts-Lai Haraoba, Maha Ras;

Indegenous games-Sagol Kangjei, Khong Kangjei, Kang.

PAPER‐II

(AnswersmustbewritteninManipuri)

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test candidate’s critical ability to assess them.

SectionA

OldandMedievalManipuriLiterature:

(a) OldManipuriLiterature:

1. O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.) : Numit Kappa

2. M. Gourachandra Singh (Ed.) : Thawanthaba Hiran

3. N. Khelchandra Singh (Ed.) : Naothingkhong

Phambal Kaba

4. M. Chandra Singh (Ed.) : Panthoibi Khonggul

(b) MedievalManipuriLiterature:

1. M. Chandra Singh (Ed.) : Samsok Ngamba

2. R.K. Snahal Singh (Ed.) : Ramayana Adi Kanda

3. N. Khelchandra Singh (Ed.) : Dhananjoy Laibu Ningba

4. O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.) : Chandrakirti Jila Changba

SectionB

ModernManipuriLiterature:

(a) PoetryandEpic:

(I)Poetry:

(a) Manipuri Sheireng (Pub) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, 1998 (Ed.)

Kh. Chaoba Singh : Pi Thadoi, Lamgi CheklaAmada, Loktak

Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Nirjanata, Nirab Rajani

A. Minaketan Singh : Kamalda, Nonggumlalkkhoda.

L. Samarendra Singh : Ingagi Nong, Mamang Leikai Thambal Satle

169


E. Nilakanta Singh : Manipur, Lamangnaba

Shri Biren : Tangkhul Hui

Th. Ibopishak : Anouba Thunglaba Jiba.

(b) Kanchi Sheireng. (Pub) Manipur University 1998 (Ed.)

Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Biswa-Prem

Shri Biren : Chaphadraba Laigi Yen

Th. Ibopishak : Norok Patal Prithivi

(II) Epic:

1. A. Dorendrajit Singh : Kansa Bodha

2. H. Anganghal Singh : Khamba-Thoibi Sheireng(San-Senba, Lei Langba,Shamu Khonggi Bichar)

(III)Drama:

1. S. Lalit Singh : Areppa Marup

2. G.C. Tongbra : Matric Pass

3. A. Samarendra : Judge Saheb ki Imung

(b) Novel,Short‐storyandProse:

(I)Novel:

1. Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Madhabi

2. H. Anganghal Singh : Jahera

3. H. Guno Singh : Laman

4. Pacha Meetei : Imphal Amasung, MagiIshing, Nungsitki Phibam

(II)Short‐story:

(a) Kanchi Warimacha (Pub) Manipur University 1997(Ed.)

R.K. Shitaljit Singh : Kamala Kamala

M.K. Binodini : Eigi Thahoudraba HeitupLalu

Kh. Prakash : Wanom Shareng

(b) Parishadki Khangatlaba Warimacha (Pub) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad 1994 (Ed.)

S. Nilbir Shastri : Loukhatpa

R.K. Elangba : Karinunggi

(c) Anouba Manipuri Warimacha (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1992 (Ed.)

N. Kunjamohon Singh : Ijat Tanba

E. Dinamani : Nongthak Khongnang

(III)Prose:

(a) Warenggi Saklon [Due Part] (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1992 (Ed.)

Kh. Chaoba Singh : Khamba-Thoibigi WariAmasung Mahakavya

170


(b) Kanchi Wareng (Pub) Manipur University, 1998 (Ed.)

B. Manisana Shastri : Phajaba

Ch. Manihar Singh : Lai-Haraoba

(c) Apunba Wareng (Pub) Manipur University, 1986 (Ed.)

Ch. Pishak Singh : Samaj Amasung Sanskriti

M.K. Binodini : Thoibidu Warouhouida

Eric Newton : Kalagi Mahousa (translated by I.R. Babu)

(d) Manipuri Wareng (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur 1999 (Ed.)

S. Krishnamohan Singh : Lan

MARATHI

PAPER‐I

(AnswersmustbewritteninMarathi)

Section A

LanguageandFolk‐lore

(a) Nature and Functions of Language (with reference to Marathi)

Language as a signifying system : Langue and Parole; Basic functions; Poetic Language; Standard Language and dialect; Language variations according to social parameters.

Linguistic features of Marathi in thirteenth century and seventeenth century.

(b) Dialects of Marathi

Ahirani; Varhadi; Dangi.

(c) Marathi Grammar

Parts of Speech; Case-system; Prayog-vichar (Voice).

(d) Nature and kinds of Folk-lore (with special reference to Marathi)

Lok-Geet, Lok Katha, Lok Natya.

SectionB

(HistoryofLiteratureandLiteraryCriticism)

(a) History of Marathi Literature

1. From beginning to 1818 AD, with special reference to the following : The Mahanubhava writers, the Varkari poets, the Pandit poets, the Shahirs, Bakhar Literature.

2. From 1850 to 1990, with special reference to developments in the following major forms : Poetry, Fiction (Novel and Short Story), Drama; and major literary currents and movements,

171


Romantic, Realist, Modernist, Dalit, Gramin, Feminist.

(b) Literary Criticism

1. Nature and function of Literature;

2. Evaluation of Literature;

3. Nature, Objectives and Methods of Criticism;

4. Literature, Culture and Society.

PAPER‐II

(AnswermustbewritteninMarathi)

Textualstudyofprescribedliteraryworks.

The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate's critical ability.

Section A

(Prose)

(1) ‘Smritisthala’

(2) Mahatma Jotiba Phule

‘‘Shetkaryacha Asud’ ‘Sarvajanik Satyadharma’

(3) S.V. Ketkar ‘Brahmankanya’

(4) P.K. Atre ‘Sashtang Namaskar’

(5) Sharchchandra Muktibodh ‘Jana Hey Volatu Jethe’

(6) Uddhav Shelke ‘Shilan’

(7) Baburao Bagul ‘Jevha Mi Jaat Chorli Hoti’

(8) Gouri Deshpande ‘Ekek Paan Galavaya’

(9) P.I. Sonkamble

‘Athavaninche Pakshi’

SectionB

(Poetry)

(1) ‘Namadevanchi Abhangawani’ Ed: Inamdar, Relekar, Mirajkar Modern Book Depot, Pune

(2) ‘Painjan’ Ed : M.N. Adwant Sahitya Prasar Kendra, Nagpur

172


(3) ‘Damayanti-Swayamvar’ By Raghunath Pandit

(4) ‘Balakvinchi Kavita’ By Balkavi

(5) ‘Vishakha’ By Kusumagraj

(6) ‘Maridgandh’ By Vinda Karandikar

(7) ‘Jahirnama’ By Narayan Surve

(8) ‘Sandhyakalchya Kavita’ By Grace

(9) ‘Ya Sattet Jeev Ramat Nahi’ By Namdev Dhasal

NEPALI

PAPER‐I

(AnswersmustbewritteninNepali)

Section A

1. History of the origin and development of Nepali as one of the new Indo Aryan Languages.

2. Fundamentals of Nepali Grammar and phonology :

(i) Nominal forms and categories :—

Gender, Number, Case, Adjectives, Pronouns, Avyayas

(ii) Verbal forms and categories :—

Tense, Aspects, Voice, Roots and Fixes

(iii) Nepali Swara and Vyanjana;

3. Major Dialects of Nepali

4. Standardisation and Modernisation of Nepali with special reference to language movements (viz. Halanta Bahiskar, Jharrovad etc.)

5. Teaching of Nepali language in India—Its history and development with special reference to its socio-cultural aspects.

SectionB

1. History of Nepali literature with special reference to its development in India.

2. Fundamental concepts and theories of Literature :

Kavya/Sahitya, Kavya Prayojan, Literary genres, Shabda Shakti, Rasa, Alankara, Tragedy, Comedy, Aesthetics, Stylistics.

3. Major literary trends and movements—

Swachchhandatavad, Yatharthavad, Astitwavad, Ayamik Movement Contemporary

173


Nepali writings, Postmodernism.

4. Nepali folklores (the following folk-form only)—Sawai, Jhyaurey, Selo, Sangini, Lahari.

PAPER‐II

(AnswersmustbewritteninNepali)

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed below and questions will be designed to test the candidate's critical acumen.

Section A

1. Santa Jnandil Das Udaya Lahari

2. Lekhnath Poudyal Tarun Tapasi(Vishrams III, V, VI, XII, XV, XVIII only)

3. Agam Sing Giri Jaleko Pratibimba Royeko Pratidhwani (The following Poems only-Prasawako Chichyahatsanga Byunjheko Ek Raat, Chhorolai, Jaleko Pratibimba : Royeko Pratidhwani, Hamro Akashmani Pani Hunchha Ujyalo, Tihar).

4. Haribhakta Katuwal Yo Zinadagi Khai Ke Zindagi : (The following poems only-Jeevan : Ek Dristi, Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi, Akashka Tara Ke Tara, Hamilai Nirdho Nasamjha, Khai Manyata Yahan Atmahutiko Balidan Ko).

5. Balkrishna Sama Prahlad.

6. Manbahadur Mukhia Andhyaroma Banchneharu (The following One-Act only-Andhyaroma Banchneharu' ‘Suskera’)

SectionB

1. Indra Sundas Sahara.

2. Lilbahadur Chhetri Brahmaputra ko Chheuchhau

3. Rupnarayan Sinha Katha Navaratna (The following stories only—Biteka Kura, Jimmewari Kasko, Dhanamatiko Cinema—Swapna, Vidhwasta Jeevan).

4. Indrabahadur Rai Vipana Katipaya (The following stories only—Raatbhari Huri Chalyo, Jayamaya Aphumatra Lekhapani Aipugi, Bhagi, Ghosh Babu, Chhutuaiyo).

5. Sanu Lama Katha Sampaad (The following stories only—Swasni Manchhey, Khani Tarma Ekdin, Phurbale Gaun Chhadyo, Asinapo Manchhey).

6. Laxmi Prasad Laxmi Nibandha DevkotaSangraha (The following essays only—Sri Ganeshaya Namha, Nepali Sahityako Itihasma Sarvashrestha Purus, Kalpana, Kala Ra Jeevan, Gadha Buddhiman ki Guru?)

7. Ramkrishna Sharma DasGorkha (The following essays only—Kavi, Samaj Ra Sahitya,

174


Sahityama Sapekshata, Sahityik Ruchiko Praudhata, Nepali Sahityako Pragati).

ODIA

PAPER‐I

(AnswersmustbewritteninOdia)

Section A

HistoryofOdiaLanguage

(i) Origin and development of Odia Language—Influence of Austric, Dravidian, Perso— Arabic and English on Odia Language.

(ii) Phonetics and Phonemics : Vowels, Consonants Principles of changes in Odia sounds.

(iii) Morphology : Morphemes (free, bound compound and complex), derivational and inflectional affixes, case inflection, conjugation of verb.

(iv) Syntax : Kinds of sentences and their trans-formation, structure of sentences.

(v) Semantics—Different types of change in meaning. Euphemism.

(vi) Common errors in spellings, grammatical uses and construction of sentences.

(vii) Regional variations in Odia Language (Western, Southern and Northern Odia) and Dialects (Bhatri and Desia).

SectionB

HistoryofOdiaLiterature

(i) Historical backgrounds (social, cultural and political) of Odia Literature of different periods.

(ii) Ancient epics, ornate kavyas and padavalis.

(iii) Typical structural forms of Odia Literature (Koili, Chautisa, Poi, Chaupadi, Champu).

(iv) Modern trends in poetry, drama short story, novel essay and literary criticism.

PAPER‐II

(AnswersmustbewritteninOdia)

Critical Study of texts—

The paper will require first hand reading of the text and test the critical ability of the candidate.

Section A

Poetry

(Ancient)

1. Sãralã Dãs—Shanti Parva from Mahãbhãrata.

2. Jaganãth Dãs—Bhãgabata, XI Skadhã—Jadu Avadhuta Sambãda.

175


(Medieval)

3. Dinakrushna Dãs—Raskallola—(Chhãndas—16 & 34)

4. Upendra Bhanja—Lãvanyabati (Chhãndas—1 & 2).

(Modern)

5. Rãdhãnath Rãy—Chandrabhãgã.

6. Mãyãdhar Mänasinha—Jeevan—Chitã.

7. Sãtchidananda Routray—Kabitã—1962.

8. Ramãkãnta Ratha—Saptama Ritu.

SectionB

Drama:

9. Manoranjan Dãs—Kätha-Ghoda.

10. Bijay Mishra—Tata Niranjanä.

Novel :

11. Fakir Mohan Senãpati—Chhamãna Ãthaguntha.

12. Gopinãth Mohãnty—Dãnãpani.

ShortStory:

13. Surendra Mohãnty—Marãlara Mrityu.

14. Manoj Dãs—Laxmira Abhisãra.

Essay:

15. Chittaranjan Dãs—Tranga O Tadit (First Five essays).

16. Chandra Sekhar Rath—Mun Satyadharmã Kahuchhi (First five essays).

PUNJABI

PAPER‐I

AnswersmustbewritteninPunjabiinGurumukhiscript

Section A

(a) Origin of Punjabi Language; different stages of development and recent development in Punjabi Language; characteristics of Punjabi phonology and the study of its tones; classification of vowels and consonants.

(b) Punjabi morphology; the number-gender system (animate and inanimate), prefixes, affixes and different categories of Post positions; Punjabi word formation; Tatsam.TadBhav.forms; Sentence structure, the notion of subject and object in Punjabi; Noun and verb phrases.

(c) Language and dialect : the notions of dialect and idiolect: major dialects of Punjabi : Pothohari, Majhi, Doabi, Malwai, Paudhi; the validity of speech variation on the basis of social stratification, the distinctive features of various dialects with special reference to tones Language and script; origin and development of Gurumukhi; Suitability of Gurumukhi for Punjabi.

176


(d) Classical background : Nath Jogi Sahit.

Medieval Literature : Gurmat, Suti, Kissa and Var : janamsakhis.

SectionB

(a) Modern trends Mystic, romantic, progressive and neomystic (Vir Singh, Puran Singh, Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Bawa Balwant, Pritam Singh Safeer, J. S. Neki).

Experimentalist (Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia, Ravinder Ravi, Ajaib Kamal).

Aesthetes (Harbhajan Singh, Tara Singh). Neo-progressive (Pash, Jagtar, Patar).

(b) Folk Literature Folk songs, Folk tales, Riddles, Proverbs.

Epic (Vir Singh, Avtar Singh Azad, Mohan Singh).

Lyric (Gurus, Sufis and Modern Lyricists-Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Shiv Kumar, Harbhajan Singh).

(c) Drama (I.C. Nanda, Harcharan Singh, Balwant Gargi, S.S. Sekhon, Charan Das Sidhu).

Novel (Vir Singh, Nanak Singh, Jaswant Singh Kanwal, K.S. Duggal, Sukhbir, Gurdial Singh, Dalip Kaur Tiwana, Swaran Chandan).

Short Story (Sujan Singh, K. S. Virk, Prem Parkash, Waryam Sandhu).

(d) Socio-cultural Sanskrit, Persian and Western.

Literary influences;

Essay (Puran Singh, Teja Singh, Gurbaksh Singh).

Literary Criticism (S.S. Sekhon, Attar Singh, Kishan Singh, Harbhajan Singh, Najam Hussain Sayyad).

PAPER‐II

AnswersmustbewritteninPunjabiinGurumukhiscript

This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability.

Section A

(a) Sheikh Farid The complete Bani as includedin the Adi Granth.

(b) Guru Nanak Japu Ji. Baramah. Asa di Var.

(c) Bulleh Shah Kafian

(d) Waris Shah Heer

SectionB

(a) Shah Mohammad Jangnama (Jang Singhante Firangian)

Dhani Ram Chatrik Chandan Vari

(Poet) Sufi Khana

Nawan Jahan

(b) Nanak Singh Chitta Lahu

177


(Novelist) Pavittar Papi

Ek Mian Do Talwaran

(c) Gurbaksh Singh Zindagi-di-Ras

(Essayist) Nawan Shivala

Merian Abhul Yadaan.

Balraj Sahni Mera Roosi Safarnama

(Travelogue) Mera Pakistani Safarnama

(d) Balwant Gargi Loha Kutt

(Dramatist) Dhuni-di-Agg

Sultan Razia

Sant Singh Sekhon Sahityarth

(Critic) Parsidh Punjabi Kavi

Punjabi Kav Shiromani.

SANSKRIT

PAPER‐I

There will be three questions as indicated in the Question Paper which must be answered in Sanskrit. The Remaining questions must be answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate.

Section A

1. Significant features of the grammar, with particular stress on Sanjna, Sandhi, Karaka, Samasa, Kartari and Karmani vacyas (voice usages) (to be answered in Sanskrit).

2.(a) Main characteristics of Vedic Sanskrit language

(b) Prominent feature of classical Sanskrit language

(c) Contribution of Sanskrit to linguistic studies

3. General Knowledge of :—

(a) Literary history of Sanskrit

(b) Principal trends of literary criticism

(c) Ramayana

(d) Mahabharata

(e) The origin and development of literary geners of :

Mahakavya

Rupaka (drama)

Katha

Akhyayika

Campu

Khandakavya

Muktaka Kavya.

SectionB

4. Essential of Indian Culture with stress on :

178


(a) Purusãrthas

(b) Samskãras

(c) Varnãsramavyavasthã

(d) Arts and fine arts

(e) Technical Sciences.

5. Trends of Indian Philosophy

(a) Mïmansã

(b) Vedãnta

(c) Nyaya

(d) Vaisesika

(e) Sãnkhya

(f) Yoga

(g) Bauddha

(h) Jaina

(i) Carvãka

6. Short Essay (in Sanskrit)

7. Unseen passage with the questions (to be answered in Sanskrit).

PAPER‐II

Question from Group 4 is to be answered in Sanskrit only. Questions from Groups 1, 2 and 3 are to be answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium opted by the candidate.

Section A

General study of the following groups :—

Group1 (a) Raghuvamsam—Kalidasa

(b) Kumarasambhavam—Kalidasa

(c) Kiratarjuniyam—Bharavi

(d) Sisupalavadham—Magha

(e) Naisadhiyacaritam—Sriharsa

(f) Kadambari—Banabhatta

(g) Dasakumaracaritam—Dandin

(h) Sivarajyodayam—S.B. Varnekar

Group2 (a) Isãvãsyopanisad

(b) Bhagavadgitã

(c) Sundarakanda of Valmiki’s Ramayana

(d) Arthasastra of Kautilya

Group3 (a) Svapanavasavadattam—Bhasa

(b) Abhijnanasakuntalam—Kalidasa

179


(c) Mricchakatikam—Sudraka

(d) Mudraraksasam—Visakhadatta

(e) Uttararamacaritam—Bhavbhuti

(f) Ratnavali—Sriharshavardhana

(g) Venisamharam—Bhattanarayana

Group4 Short notes in Sanskrit on the following :—

(a) Meghadutam—Kalidasa

(b) Nitisatakam—Bhartrhari

(c) Pancatantra—

(d) Rajatarangini—Kalhana

(e) Harsacaritam—Banabhatta

(f) Amarukasatakam—Amaruka

(g) Gitagovindam—Jayadeva.

SectionB

This section will require first hand reading of the following selected texts :— (Questions from Groups 1 & 2 are to be answered in Sanskrit only) Questions from Groups 3 and 4 are to be answered either in Sanskrit or in the Medium opted by the candidate.

Group1 (a) Raghuvamsam—CantoI, Verses 1 to 10

(b) Kumarasambhavam—Canto I, Verses1 to 10

(c) Kiratarjuniyaue—Canto I, Verses 1 to 10

Group2 (a) Isavasyopanisad—Verses—1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 15 and 18

(b) Bhagavatgita II Chapter Verses13 to 25

(c) Sundarakandam of Valmiki Canto15, Verses 15 to 30 (Geeta Press Edition)

Group3 (a) Meghadutam—Verses 1 to 10

(b) Nitisatakam—Verses 1 to 10 (Edited by D.D. Kosambi Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Publication)

(c) Kadambari—Sukanasopadesa (only)

Group4 (a) Svapnavasavadattam Act VI

(b) Abhijnansakuntalam Act IV Verses 15 to 30 (M.R. Kale Edition)

(c) Uttararamacaritam Act I Verses 31 to 47 (M.R. Kale Edition).

SANTHALI

PAPER I

(AnswersmustbewritteninSanthali)

Section A

Part I—HistoryofSanthaliLanguage

180


1. Main Austric Language family, population and distribution.

2. Grammatical structure of Santhali Language.

3. Important character of Santhali Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Translation, Lexicography.

4. Impact of other languages of Santhali.

5. Standardization of Santhali Language.

Part II—HistoryofSanthaliLiterature

1. Literary trend of the following four periods of history of Santhali Literature.

(a) Ancient Literature before 1854.

(b) Missionary period Literature between 1855 to 1889 AD.

(c) Medieval period: Literature between 1890 to 1946 AD.

(d) Modern period : Literature from 1947 AD to till date.

2. Writing tradition in History of Santhali literature.

Section‐B

Literary forms—Main characteristics, history and development of following literary forms.

Part I

Folk Literature in Santhali—folk song, folk tale, phrase, idioms puzzles, and Kudum.

Part II

Modern literature in Santhali

1. Development of poetry and prominent poets.

2. Development of prose and prominent writers.

(i) Novels and prominent Novelists.

(ii) Stories and prominent story writers.

(iii) Drama and Prominent Dramatist.

(iv) Criticism and prominent critics.

(v) Essay, sketches, memoirs, travelogues and prominent writers.

Santhaliwriters

Shyam Sundar Hembram, Pandit Raghunath Murmu, Barha Beshra, Sadhu Ramchand Murmu, Narayan Soren ‘Toresutam’, Sarda Prasad Kisku, Raghunath Tudu, Kalipada Soren, Sakla Soren, Digamber Hansda, Aditya Mitra ‘Santhali’, Babulal Murmu ‘Adivasi’, Jadumani Beshra, Arjun Hembram, Krishna Chandra Tudu, Rupchand Hansda, Kalendra Nath Mandi, Mahadev, Hansda, Gour Chandra Murmu, Thakur Prasad Murmu, Hara Prasad Murmu, Uday Nath Majhi, Parimal Hembram, Dhirendra Nath Baske, Shyam Charan Hembram, Damayanti Beshra, T.K. Rapaj, Boyha Biswanath Tudu.

Part III

Cultural Heritage of Santhali tradition, customs, festival and rituals (birth, marriage and

181


death).

PAPER II

(AnswersmustbewritteninSanthali)

Section A

This paper will require in-depth reading of the following texts and the questions will be designed to test the candidates’ critical ability.

AncientLiterature:

Prose

(a) Kherwal Bonso Dhorom Puthi—Majhi Ramdas Tudu “Rasika”.

(b) Mare Hapramko Reyak Katha—L.O. Scrafsrud.

(c) Jomsim Binti Lita—Mangal Chandra Turkulumang Soren.

(d) Marang Buru Binti—Kanailal Tudu.

Poetry

(a) Karam Sereng—Nunku Soren.

(b) Devi Dasain Sereng—Manindra Hansda.

(c) Horh Sereng—W.G. Archer.

(d) Baha Sereng—Balaram Tudu.

(e) Dong Sereng—Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‘Thakur’.

(f) Hor Sereng—Raghunath Murmu.

(g) Soros Sereng—Babulal Murmu “Adivasi”.

(h) More Sin More Ndia—Rup Chand Hansda.

(i) Judasi Madwa Latar—Tez Narayan Murmu.

SectionB

ModernLiterature

PartI—Poetry

(a) Onorhen Baha Dhalwak—Paul Jujhar Soren.

(b) Asar Binti—Narayan Soren “Tore Sutam”.

(c) Chand Mala—Gora Chand Tudu.

(d) Onto Baha Mala—Aditya Mitra “Santhali”.

(e) Tiryo Tetang—Hari Har Hansda.

(f) Sisirjon Rar—Thakur Prasad Murmu.

PartII—Novels

(a) Harmawak Ato—R.Karstiars (Translator—R.K. Kisku Rapaz).

(b) Manu Mati—Chandra Mohan Hansda.

(c) Ato Orak—Doman Hansdak.

182


(d) Ojoy Gada Dhiph re—Nathenial Murmu.

PartIII—Stories

(a) Jiyon Gada—Rup Chand Hansda and Jadumani Beshra.

(b) Mayajaal—Doman Sahu ‘Samir’ and Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‘Thakur’.

PartIV—Drama

(a) Kherwar Bir—Pandit Raghunath Murmu.

(b) Juri Khatir—Dr. K.C. Tudu.

(c) Birsa Bir—Ravi Lal Tudu.

PartV—Biography

Santal Ko Ren Mayam Gohako—Dr. Biswanath Hansda.

SINDHI

PAPER I

AnswersmustbewritteninSindhi(ArabicorDevanagariScript)

Section A

1.(a) Origin and evolution of Sindhi language—views of different scholars.

(b) Significant linguistic features of Sindhi language, including those pertaining to its phonology, morphology and syntax.

(c) Major dialects of the Sindhi language.

(d) Sindhi vocabulary—stages of its growth, including those in the pre-partition and post-partition periods.

(e) Historical study of various Writing Systems (Scripts) of Sindhi.

(f) Changesin the structure of Sindhi language in India, after partition, due to influence of other languages and social conditions.

SectionB

2. Sindhi literature through the ages in context of socio-cultural conditions in the respective periods :

(a) Early medieval literature upto 1350 A.D. including folk literature.

(b) Late medieval period from 1350 A.D. to 1850 A.D.

(c) Renaissance period from 1850 A.D. to 1947 A.D.

(d) Modern period from 1947 and onwards.

(Literary genres in Modern Sindhi literature andexperiments in poetry, drama, novel, short story, essay, literary criticism, biography, autobiography, memoirs and travelogues.)

PAPER II

AnswermustbewritteninSindhi (ArabicorDevanagariscript)

This paper will require the first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to

183


test the candidate’s critical ability.

Section A

References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section.

(1) Poetry

a. ‘‘Shah Jo Choond Shair’’ : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages).

b. ‘‘Sachal Jo Choond Kalam’’ : ed. Kalyan B. Advani Published by Sahitya Akademi (Kafis only).

c. ‘‘Sami-a-ja Choond Sloka’’ : ed. B.H. Nagrani Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages).

d. ‘‘Shair-e-Bewas’’ : by Kishinchand Bewas(“Saamoondi Sipoon’’ portion only).

e. ‘‘Roshan Chhanvro’’ : Narayan Shyam.

f. ‘‘Virhange Khapoi je Sindhi Shair jee Choond’’ : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, published by Sahitya Akademi.

(2)Drama

g. ‘‘Behtareen Sindhi Natak’’ (One-act Plays) : Edited by M. Kamal Published by Gujarat Sindhi Academy.

h. ‘‘Kako Kaloomal’’ (Full-length Play ) : by Madan Jumani.

SectionB

References to context and critical appreciation of the texts included in this section.

a. ‘Pakheeara Valar Khan Vichhrya’ (Novel) : by Gobind Malhi.

b. ‘Sat Deenhan’ (Novel) : by Krishin Khatwani.

c. ‘Choond Sindhi Kahanyoon’ (Short Stories) Vol. III. : Edited by Prem Prakash, published by Sahitya Akademi.

d. ‘Bandhan’ (Short Stories) : Sundari Uttamchandani.

e. ‘Behtareen Sindhi Mazmoon’ (Essays): Edited by Hiro Thakur, published by Gujarat Sindhi Academi.

f. ‘Sindhi Tanqeed’ (Criticism) : Edited by Harish Vaswani : Published by Sahitya Akademi.

g. ‘Mumhinjee Hayati-a-ja Sona Ropa varqa’ (Autobiography) : by Popati Hiranandani.

h. ‘‘Dr. Choithram Gidwani’’ (Biography) : by Vishnu Sharma.

TAMIL

PAPER I

AnswersmustbewritteninTamil

Section A

Part1:HistoryofTamilLanguage

Major Indian Language Families—The place of Tamil among Indian Languages in general and Dravidian in particular—Enumeration and Distribution of Dravidian languages.

The language of Sangam Literature—The language of medieval Tamil : Pallava Period only—Historical study of Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs—Tense markers and case markers in

184


Tamil.

Borrowing of words from other languages into Tamil—Regional and social dialects—difference between literary and spoken Tamil.

Part2:HistoryofTamilLiterature

Tolkappiyam-Sangam Literature—The division of Akam and Puram—The secular characteristics of Sangam Literature—The development of Ethical literature—Silappadikaram and Manimekalai.

Part 3:DevotionalLiterature(AlwarsandNayanamars)

The bridal mysticism in Alwar hymns—Minor literary forms (Tutu, Ula, Parani, Kuravanji).

Social factors for the development of Modern Tamil Literature; Novel, Short Story and New Poetry—The impact of various political ideologies on modern writings.

SectionB

Part1: RecenttrendsinTamilStudies

Approaches to criticism : Social, psychological, historical and moralistic—the use of criticism—the various techniques in literature; Ullurai, Iraicchi, Thonmam (Myth) Otturuvagam (allegory), Angadam (Satire), Meyappadu, Padimam (image), Kuriyeedu (Symbol), Irunmai (Ambiguity)—The concept of comparative literature-the principle of comparative literature.

Part2: FolkliteratureinTamil

Ballads, Songs, proverbs and riddles—Sociological study of Tamil folklore. Uses of translation—Translation of Tamil works into other languages-Development of journalism in Tamil.

Part 3: CulturalHeritageoftheTamils

Concept of Love and War—Concept of Aram-the ethical codes adopted by the ancient Tamils in their warfare-customs beliefs, rituals, modes of worship in the five Thinais.

The Cultural changes as revealed in post sangam literature—cultural fusion in the medieval period (Janism and Buddhism). The development of arts and architecture through the ages (Pallavas, later Cholas, and Nayaks). The impact of various political, social, religious and cultural movements on Tamil Society. The role of mass media in the cultural change of contemporary Tamil society.

PAPER II

AnswersmustbewritteninTamil

The paper will require first-hand reading of the text prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidate.

Section A

Part1:AncientLiterature

(1) Kuruntokai (1—25 poems)

(2) Purananuru (182—200 poems)

(3) TirukkuralPorutpal :ArasiyalumAmaichiyalum(from Iraimatchi to Avaianjamai).

Part2:EpicLiterature

(1) Silappadikaram : Madhurai Kandam only.

185


(2) Kambaramayanam : Kumbakarunan Vadhai Padalam.

Part3: DevotionalLiterature

(1) Tiruvasagam : Neetthal Vinnappam

(2) Tiruppavai : (Full Text).

SectionB

ModernLiterature

Part 1: Poetry

(1) Bharathiar : Kannan Pattu

(2) Bharathidasan : Kudumba Vilakku

(3) Naa. Kamarasan : Karappu Malarkal

Prose

(1) Mu. Varadharajanar : Aramum Arasiyalum

(2) C. N. Annadurai : Ye! Thazhntha Tamilagame.

Part 2:Novel,ShortStoryandDrama

(1) Akilon ; Chittairappavai

(2) Jayakanthan : Gurupeedam

(3) Cho : Yaurkkum Vetkamillai

Part3:FolkLiterature

(1) Muthuppattan kathai Edited by Na. Vanamamalai, (Publication : Madurai Kamaraj University).

(2) Malaiyaruvi, Edited by Ki. Va Jagannathan (Publication : Saraswathi Mahal, Thanjavur).

TELUGU

PAPER I

AnswermustbewritteninTelugu

Section A :Language

1. Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity—Etymological History of Telugu,Tenugu and Andhra.

2. Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from Proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to Modern Telugu.

3. Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-Formal and functional view of Telugu language.

4. Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu.

5. Modernization of Telugu language :

(a) Linguistic and literary movements and their role in modernization of Telugu.

(b) Role of media in modernization of Telugu (News-papers, Radio, TV etc.)

(c) Problems of terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in Telugu in various

186


discourses including scientific and technical.

6. Dialects of Telugu—Regional and social variations and problems of Standardization.

7. Syntax—Major divisions of Telugu sentences—simple, complex and compound sentences—Noun and verb predications—Processes of nominalization and relativization—Direct and indirect reporting-conversion processes.

8. Translation—Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic—Methods of translation—Approaches to translation—Literary and other kinds of translation—Various uses of translation.

SectionB:Literature

1. Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period—Marga and Desi poetry.

2. Nannaya Period—Historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata.

3. Saiva poets and their contribution—Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaharana.

4. Tikkana and his place in Telugu literature.

5. Errana and his literary works—Nachana Somana and his new approach to poetry.

6. Srinatha and Potana—Their works and contribution.

7. Bhakti poets in Telugu literature—Tallapaka Annamayya, ramadasu, tyagayya.

8. Evolution of prabandhas—Kavya and prabandha.

9. Southern school of Telugu literature-raghunatha Nayaka, chemakura vankatakavi and women poets-Literary forms like yakshagana, prose and padakavita.

10. Modern Telugu Literature and literary forms—Novel, Short Story, Drama, Playlet and poetic forms.

11. Literary Movements : Reformation, Nationalism, Neo-classisicism, Romanticism and Progressive, Revolutionary movements.

12. Digambarakavulu, feminist and dalit Literature.

13. Main divisions of folk literature—Performing folk arts.

PAPER II

AnswermustbewritteninTelugu

This paper will require first hand reading of the prescribed texts and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability, which will be in relation to the following approaches :—

(i) Aesthetic approach—Rassa, Dhawani, Vakroti and Auchitya—Formal and Structural-Imagery and Symbolism.

(ii) Sociological, Historical, Ideological, Psychological approaches.

Section A

1. Nannaya-Dushyanta Chritra (Adiparva 4th Canto verses 5—109).

2. Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyoga parva-3rd Canto verses 1—144).

3. Srinath-Guna Nidhi Katha (Kasikhandam, 4th Canto, verses 76—133).

187


4. Pingali Surana-sugatri Salinulakatha (Kalapurno-dayamu 4 Canto verses, 60—142).

5. Molla-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including avatarika).

6. Kasula Purushothama Kavi—Andhra Nayaka Satakamu.

Section B

7. Gurajada Appa Rao—Animutyalu (Short stories).

8. Viswanatha Satyanarayana—Andhra prasasti.

9. Devulapalli Krishna Sastry—Krishnapaksham (excluding Uravsi and Pravasam).

10. Sri Sri-Maha prastanam.

11. Jashuva-Gabbilam (Part I).

12. C. Narayana Reddy—Karpuravasanta rayalu.

13. Kanuparti Varalakshmamma—Sarada lekhalu (Part I).

14. Atreya—N.G.O.

15. Racha Konda Viswanatha Sastry—Alpajaeevi.

URDU

PAPER I

AnswermustbewritteninUrdu

Section A

Development of Urdu Language

(a) Development of Indo-Aryan

(i) Old Indo-Aryan

(ii) Middle Indo-Aryan

(iii) New Indo-Aryan.

(b) Western Hindi and its dialects Brij Bhasha Khadi Boli, Haryanavi, Kannauji, Bundeli—Theories about the origin of Urdu language.

(c) Dakhani Urdu—origin and development, its significant linguistic features.

(d) Social and Cultural roots of Urdu language— and its distinctive features.

Script, Phonology, Morphology, Vocabulary.

SectionB

(a) Genres and their development :

(i) Poetry: Ghazal, Masnavi, Qasida, Marsia, Rubai Jadid Nazm.

(ii) Prose : Novel, Short Story, Dastan, Drama, Inshaiya, Khutoot, Biography.

(b) Significant feaures of : (i) Deccani, Delhi and Lucknow schools, (ii) Sir Syed movement, Romantic movement, Progressive movement, Modernism.

(c) Literary Criticism and its development with reference to Hali, Shibli, Kaleemuddin Ahmad,

188


Ehtisham Hussain, Ale-Ahmad Suroor.

(d) Essay writing (covering literary and imaginativetopics).

PAPER II

AnswermustbewritteninUrdu

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate's critical ability.

Section A

1. Mir Amman Bagho-Babar

2. Ghalib Intikhab-e-Khutoot-e Ghalib

3. Mohd. Husain Azad Nairang-e-Khayal

4. Prem Chand Godan

5. Rajendra Singh Bedi Apne Dukh Mujhe Dedo

6. Abul Kalam Azad Ghubar-e-Khatir

Section B

1. Mir Intikhab-e-Kalam-e-Mir (Ed. Abdul Haq.)

2. Mir Hasan Sahrul Bayan

3. Ghalib Diwan-e-Ghalib

4. Iqbal Bal-e-Jibrail

5. Firaq Gul-e-Naghma

6. Faiz Dast-e-Saba

7. Akhtruliman Bint-e-Lamhat

MANAGEMENT

ThecandidateshouldmakeastudyoftheconceptofdevelopmentofManagementasscienceandartdrawinguponthecontributionsofleadingthinkersofmanagementandapplytheconceptstothereallifeofgovernmentandbusinessdecision‐makingkeepinginviewthechangesinthestrategicandoperativeenvironment.

PAPER I

1.ManagerialFunctionandProcess:

Concept and foundations of management, Evolution of Management Thoughts; Managerial Functions—Planning, Organizing, Controlling; Decision-making; Role of Manager, Managerial skills; Entrepreneurship; Management of innovation; Managing in a global environment, Flexible Systems Management; Social responsibility and managerial ethics; Process and customer orientation; Managerial processes on direct and indirect value chain.

189


2.OrganisationalBehaviourandDesign:

Conceptual model of organization behaviour; The individual processes—personality, values and attitude, perception, motivation, learning and reinforcement, work stress and stress management; The dynamics of Organization behaviour—power and politics, conflict and negotiation, leadership process and styles, communication; The Organizational Processes—decision-making, job design; Classical, Neoclassical and Contingency approaches to organizational design; Organizational theory and design—Organizational culture, managing cultural diversity, learning Organization; Organizational change and development; Knowledge Based Enterprise—systems and processes; Networked and virtual organizations.

3.HumanResourceManagement:

HR challenges; HRM functions; The future challenges of HRM; Strategic Management of human resources; Human resource planning; Job analysis; Job evaluation, Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Promotion and transfer; Performance management; Compensation management and bnenefits; Employee morale and productivity; Management of Organizational climate and Industrial relations; Human resources accounting and audit; Human resource information system; International human resource management.

4.AccountingforManagers:

Financial accounting—concept, importance and scope, generally accepted accounting principles, preparation of financial statements with special reference to analysis of a balance sheet and measurment of business income, inventory valuation and depreciation, financial statement analysis, fund flow analysis, the statement of cash flows; Management accounting concept, need, imporance and scope; Cost accounting—records and processes, cost ledger and control accounts, reconciliation and integration bwtween financial and cost accounts; Overhead cost and control, Job and process costing, Budget and budgetary control, Performance budgeting, Zero-base budgeting, relevant costing and costing for decision-making, standard costing and variance analysis, marginal costing and absorption costing.


Goal of Finance Function. Concepts of value and return. Valuation of bonds and Shares; Management of working capital : Estimation and Financing; Management of cash, receivables, inventory and current liabilities; Cost of capital ; Capital budgeting; Financial and operating leverage; Design of capital structure: theories and practices; Shareholder value creation: dividend policy, corporate financial policy and strategy, management of corporate distress and restructuring strategy; Capital and money markets: institutions and instruments; Leasing hire purchase and venture capital; Regulation of capital market; Risk and return: portfolio theory; CAPM; APT; Financial derivatives: option, futures, swap; Recent reforms in financial sector.

6. MarketingManagement:

Concept, evolution and scope; Marketing strategy formulation and components of marketing plan; Segmenting and targeting the market; Positioning and differentiating the market offering; Analyzing competition; Analyzing consumer markets; Industrial buyer behaviour; Market research; Product strategy; Pricing strategies; Designing and managing Marketing channels; Integrated marketing communications; Building customer staisfaction, Value and retention; Services and non-profit marketing; Ethics in marketing; Consumer protection; Internet marketing; Retail

190


management; Customer relationship management; Concept of holistic marketing.

PAPER‐II

1.QuantitativeTechniquesinDecision‐making:

Descriptive statistics—tabular, graphical and numerical methods, introduction to probability, discrete and continuous probability distributions, inferential statistics-sampling distributions, central limit theorem, hypothesis testing for differences between means and proportions, inference about population variances, Chisquare and ANOVA, simple correlation and regression, time series and forecasting, decision theory, index numbers; Linear programming—problem formulation, simplex method and graphical solution, sensitivity analysis.

2.ProductionandOperationsManagement:

Fundamentals of operations management; Organizing for production; Aggregate production planning, capacity planning, plant design: process planning, plant size and scale of operations, Management of facilities; Line balancing; Equipment replacement and maintenance; Production control; Supply, chain management—vendor evaluation and audit; Quality management; Statistical process control, Six Sigma; Flexibility and agility in manufacturing systems; World class manufaturing; Project management concepts, R&D management, Management of service operations; Role and importance of materials management, value analysis, make or buy decision; Inventory control, MRP; Waste management.

3.ManagementInformationSystem:

Conceptual foundations of information systems; Information theory; Information resource management; Types of information Systems; Systems Development—Overview of Systems and Design; System Development management life-cycle, Designing online and distributed environments; Implementation and control of project; Trends in information technology; Managing data resources—Organising data. DSS and RDBMS; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Expert systems, e-Business architecture, e-Governance; Information systems planning, Flexibility in information systems; User involvement; Evaluation of information systems.

4.GovernmentBusinessInterface:

State participation in business, Interaction between Government, Business and different Chambers of Commerce and Industry in India; Government’s ploicy with regard to Small Scale Industries; Government clearances for establishing a new enterprise; Public Distribution System; Government control over price and distribution; Consumer Protection Act (CPA) and The Role of Voluntary Organizations in protecting consumers’ rights; New Industrial Policy of the Government : liberalization, deregulation and privatisation; Indian planning system; Government policy concerning development of Backward areas/regions; The Responsibilities of the business as well as the Government to protect the environment; Corporate Governance; Cyber Laws.

5.StrategicCostManagement :

Business policy as a field of study; Nature and scope of strategic management, Strategic intent, vision, objectives and policies; Process of strategic planning and implementa-tion; Environmental analysis and internal analysis; SWOT analysis; Tools and techniques for strategic analysis—Impact matrix: The experience curve, BCG matrix, GEC mode, Industry analysis, Concept of value chain; Strategic profile of a firm; Framework for analysing competition; Competitive advantage of a firm; Generic competitive strategies; Growth strategies—expansion, integration and diversification;

191


Concept of core competence, Strategic flexibility; Reinventing strategy; Strategy and structure; chief Executive and Board; turnaround management; Management of strategic change; Strategic alliances, Mergers and Acquisitions; Strategy and corporate evolution in the Indian context.

6.InternationalBusiness:

International Business Environment : Changing composition of trade in goods and services; India’s Foreign Trade: Policy and trends; Financing of International trade; Regional Economic Cooperation; FTAs; Internationalisation of service firms; International production; Operation Management in International companies; International Taxation; Global competitiveness and technological developments; Global E-Business; Designing global organisational structure and control; Multicultural management; Global business strategy; Global marketing strategies; Export Management; Export-Import procedures; Joint Ventures; Foreign Investment: Foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment; Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions; Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure Management; World Financial Markets and International Banking; External Debt Management; Country Risk Analysis.

MATHEMATICS

PAPER I

(1)LinearAlgebra:

Vector spaces over R and C, linear dependence and independence, subspaces, bases, dimensions, Linear transformations, rank and nullity, matrix of a linear transformation.

Algebra of Matrices; Row and column reduction, Echelon form, congruence’s and similarity; Rankof a matrix; Inverse of a matrix; Solution of system of linear equations; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices and their eigenvalues.

(2)Calculus:

Real numbers, functions of a real variable, limits, continuity, differentiability, mean-value theorem, Taylor’s theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima, asymptotes; Curve tracing; Functions of two or three variables; Limits, continuity, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, Lagrange’s method of multipliers, Jacobian.

Riemann’s definition of definite integrals; Indefinite integrals; Infinite and improper integral; Double and triple integrals (evaluation techniques only); Areas, surface and volumes.

(3)AnalyticGeometry:

Cartesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second degree equations in three variables, reduction to Canonical forms; straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines, Plane, sphere, cone, cylinder, paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their properties.

(4)OrdinaryDifferentialEquations:

Formulation of differential equations; Equations of first order and first degree, integrating factor; Orthogonal trajectory; Equations of first order but not of first degree, Clairaut’s equation, singular solution.

Second and higher order liner equations with constant coefficients, complementary function, particular integral and general solution.

Section order linear equations with variable coefficients, Euler-Cauchy equation;

192


Determination of complete solution when one solution is known using method of variation of parameters.

Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties, Laplace transforms of elementary functions. Application to initial value problems for 2nd order linear equations with constant coefficients.

(5)DynamicsandStatics:

Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, projectiles; Constrained motion; Work and energy, conservation of energy; Kepler’s laws, orbits under central forces.

Equilibrium of a system of particles; Work and potential energy, friction, Common catenary; Principle of virtual work; Stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forces in three dimensions.

(6)VectorAnalysis:

Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of vector field of a scalar variable; Gradient, divergence and curl in cartesian and cylindrical coordinates; Higher order derivatives; Vector identities and vector equation.

Application to geometry : Curves in space, curvature and torsion; Serret-Furenet's formulae.

Gauss and Stokes’ theorems, Green's indentities.

PAPERII

(1)Algebra:

Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange’s Theorem, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphism of groups, basic isomorphism theorems, permutation groups, Cayley’s theorem.

Rings, subrings and ideals, homomorphisms of rings; Integral domains, principal ideal domains, Euclidean domains and unique factorization domains; Fields, quotient fields.

(2)RealAnalysis:

Real number system as an ordered field with least upper bound property; Sequences, limit of a sequence, Cauchy sequence, completeness of real line; Series and its convergence, absolute and conditional convergence of series of real and complex terms, rearrangement of series. Continuity and uniform continuity of functions, properties of continuous functions on compact sets.

Riemann integral, improper integrals; Fundamental theorems of integral calculus.

Uniform convergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and series of functions; Partial derivatives of functions of several (two or three) variables, maxima and minima.

(3) ComplexAnalysis:

Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, power series, representation of an analytic function, Taylor’s series; Singularities; Laurent’s series; Cauchy’s residue theorem; Contour integration.

(4)LinearProgramming:

Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and optimal solution; Graphical method and simplex method of solutions; Duality.

Transportation and assignment problems.

193


(5)Partial Differential Equations:

Family of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation of partial differential equations; Solution of quasilinear partial differential equations of the first order, Cauchy’s method of characteristics; Linear partial differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients, canonical form; Equation of a vibrating string, heat equation, Laplace equation and their solutions.

(6)NumericalAnalysisandComputerProgramming:

Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by bisection, Regula-Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods, solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian Elimination and Gauss-Jorden (direct), Gauss-Seidel (iterative) methods. Newton’s (forward and backward) and interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation.

Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Gaussian quadrature formula.

Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations : Eular and Runga Kutta methods.

Computer Programming : Binary system; Arithmetic and logical operations on numbers; Octal and Hexadecimal Systems; Conversion to and from decimal Systems; Algebra of binary numbers.

Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; Basic logic gates and truth tables, Boolean algebra, normal forms.

Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, double precision reals and long integers.

Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems.

(7)MechanicsandFluidDynamics:

Generalised coordinates; D’Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s equations; Hamilton equations; Moment of inertia; Motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions.

Equation of continuity; Euler’s equation of motion for inviscid flow; Stream-lines, path of a particle; Potential flow; Two-dimensional and axisymmetric motion; Sources and sinks, vortex motion; Navier-Stokes equation for a viscous fluid.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PAPER I

1. Mechanics:

1.1MechanicsofRigidBodies:

Equations of equilibrium in space and its application; first and second moments of area; simple problems on friction; kinematics of particles for plane motion; elementary particle dynamics.

1.2 MechanicsofDeformableBodies:

Generalized Hooke’s law and its application; design problems on axial stress, shear stress and bearing stress; material properties for dynamic loading; bending shear and stresses in beams; determination of principle stresses and strains-analytical and graphical; compound and combined stresses; bi-axial stresses-thin walled pressure vessel; material behaviour and design factors for dynamic load; design of circular shafts for bending and torsional load only; deflection of beam for statically determinate problems; theories of failure.

2.EngineeringMaterials:

194


Basic concepts on structure of solids, common ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their applications; heat-treatment of steels; non-metalsplastics, cermics, composite materials and nano-materials.

3.TheoryofMachines:

Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms. Cams, Gears and empicyclie gear trains, flywheels, governors, balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single and multicy- linder engines, linear vibration analysis of mechanical systems (single degree of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling of shafts.

4.ManufacturingScience:

4.1ManufacturingProcess:

Machine tool engineering - Merhant’s force analysis: Taylor’s tool life equation; conventional machining; NC and CNC machining process; jigs and fixtures.

Non-conventional machining-EDM, ECM, ultrasonic, water jet machining etc.; application of lasers and plasmas; energy rate calculations.

Forming and welding processes-standard processes.

Metrology-concept of fits and tolerances; tools and guages; comparators; inspection of length; position; profile and surface finish.

4.2 ManufacturingManagement:

System design: factory location—simple OR models; plant layout-methods based; applications of engineering economic analysis and break-even analysis for product selection, process selection and capacity planning; predetermined time standards.

System planning; forecasting methods based on regression and decomposition, design and blancing of multi model and stochastic assembly lines; inventory management-probablistic inventory models for order time and order quanitity determination; JIT systems; strategic sourcing; managing inter plant logistics.

System operations and control: Scheduling algorithms for job shops; applications of statistical methods for product and process quality control applications of control charts for mean, range, percent defective, number of defectives and defects per unit; quality cost systems; management of resources, organizations and risks in projects.

System improvement: Implementation of systems, such as total quality management, developing and managing flexible, lean and agile Organizations.

PAPER II

1.Thermodynamics,GasDynamicsTurbine:

1.1 Basic concept of First-law and Second law of Thermodynamics; concept of entropy and reversibility; availability and unavailability and irreversibility.

1.2 Classification and properties of fluids; incompressible and compressible fluids flows; effect of Mach number and compressibility; continuity momentum and energy equations; normal and oblique shocks; one dimensional isentropic flow; flow or fluids in duct with frictions that transfer.

1.3 Flow through fans, blowers and compressors; axial and centrifugal flow configuration;

195


design of fans and compressors; single problems compresses and turbine cascade; open and closed cycle gas turbines; work done in the gas turbine; reheat and regenerators.

2. HeatTransfer:

2.1 Conduction heat transfer—general conduction equation-Laplace, Poisson and Fourier equations; Fourier law of conduction; one dimensional steady state heat conduction applied to simple wall, solid and hollow cylinder and spheres.

2.2 Convection heat transfer—Newton’s law of convection; free and forces convection; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid over a flat plate; concepts of Nusselt number, hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer their thickness; Prandtl number; analogy between heat and momentum transfer—Reynolds, Colbum, Prandtl analogies; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow through horizontal tubes; free convection from horizontal and vertical plates.

2.3 Black body radiation—basic radiation laws such as Stefan-boltzman, Planck distribution, Wein’s displacement etc.

2.4 Basic heat exchanger analysis; classification of heat exchangers.

3. Engines:

3.1 Classification, themodynamic cycles of operation; determination of break power, indicated power, mechanical efficiency, heat balance sheet, interpretation of performance characteristics, petrol, gas and diesel engines.

3.2 Combustion in SI and CI engines, normal and abnormal combustion; effect of working parameters on knocking, reduction of knocking; Forms of combustion chamber for SI and CI engines; rating of fuels; additives; emission.

3.3 Different systems of IC engines-fuels; lubricating; cooling and transmission systems. Alternate fuels in IC engines.

4.SteamEngineering:

4.1 Steam generation—modified Ranking cycle analysis; Modern steam boilers; steam at critical and supercritical pressures; draught equipment; natural and artificial draught; boiler fuels solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Steam turbines—Principle; types; compounding; impulse and reaction turbines; axial thrust.

4.2 Steam nozzles—flow of steam in convergent and divergent nozzle pressure at throat for maximum discharge with different initial steam conditions such as wet, saturated and superheated, effect of variation of back pressure; supersaturated flow of steam in nozzles, Wilson line.

4.3 Rankine cycle with internal and external irreversibility; reheat factor; reheating and regeneration, methods of governing; back pressure and pass out turbines.

4.4 Steam power plants—combined cycle power generation; heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) fired and unfired, co-generation plants.

5. RefrigerationandAir‐conditioning:

5.1 Vapour compression refrigeration cycle—cycle on p-H & T-s diagrams; ecofriendly refrigerants—R 134a. 123; Systems like evaporators, condensers, compressor, expansion devices. Simple vapour absorption systems.

196


5.2 Psychrometry—properties; processes; charts; sensible heating and cooling; humidification and dehumidification effective temperature; air-conditioning load calculation; simple duct design.

MEDICAL SCIENCE

PAPER I

1. HumanAnatomy:

Applied anatomy including blood and nerve supply of upper and lower limbs and joints of shoulder, hip and knee.

Gross anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of tongue, thyroid, mammary gland, stomach, liver, prostate, gonads and uterus.

Applied anatomy of diaphragm, perineum and inguinal region.

Clinical anatomy of kidney, urinary bladder, uterine tubes, vas deferens.

Embryology: Placenta and placental barrier. Development of heart, gut, kidney. uterus, ovary, testis and their common congenital abnormalities.

Central and Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System : Gross and clinical anatomy of ventricles of brain, circulation of cerebrospinal fluid; Neural pathways and lesions of cutaneous sensations, hearing and vision; Cranial nerves distribution and clinical significance; Components of autonomic nervous system.

2.HumanPhysiology:

Conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanism of contraction, neuromuscular transmission, reflexes, control of equilibrium, posture and muscle tone, descending pathways, functions of cerebellum, basal ganglia, Physiology of sleep and consciousness.

Endocrine System : Mechanism of action of hormones; formation, secretion, transport, metabolism, function and regulation of secretion of pancreas and pituitary gland.

PhysiologyofReproductiveSystem:Pregnancy menstrual cycle, lactation, pregnancy.

Blood:Development, regulation and fate of blood cells.

Cardio-vascular,cardiac output, blood pressure, regulation of cardiovascular functions.

3.Biochemistry:

Organ function tests—liver, kidney, thyroid Protein synthesis.

Vitamins and minerals.

Restriction fragment length.

polymorphism (RFLP).

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Radio-immunoassays (RIA).

4.Pathology:

Inflammation and repair, disturbances of growth and cancer, Pathogenesis and histopathology of rheumatic and ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Differentiation between benign,

197


malignant, primary and metastatic malignancies, Pathogenesis and histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast, oral cancer, cancer cervix, leukemia, Etiology, pathogenesis and histopathology of—cirrhosis liver, glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis, acute osteomyelitis.

5. Microbiology:

Humoral and cell mediated immunity.

Diseases caused by and laboratory diagnosis of —

* Meningococcus, Saimonella

* Shigella, Herpes, Dengue, Polio

* HIV/AIDS, Malaria, E. Histolytica, Giardia

* Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus.

6. Pharmacology:

Mechanism of action and side effects of the following drugs :

* Antipyretics and analgesics, Antibiotics,

* Antimalaria, Antikala-azar, Antidiabetics,

* Antihypertensive, Antidiuretics, General and cardiac vasodilators, Antiviral, Antiparasitic, Antifungal, Immunosuppressants,

* Anticancer.

7. ForensicMedicineandToxicology

Forensic examination of injuries and wounds; Examination of blood and seminal stains; Poisoning, sedative overdose, hanging, drowning, burns, DNA and finger print study.

PAPER‐II

1.GeneralMedicine

Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management (including prevention) of—Typhoid, Rabies, AIDS, Dengue, Kala-azar, Japanese Encephalitis.

Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management of :

Ischaemic heart disease, pulmonary embolism.

Bronchial asthma.

Pleural effusion, tuberculosis, Malabsorption syndromes; acid peptic diseases, Viral hepatitis and cirrhosis of liver.

Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, renovascular hypertension, complications of diabetes mellitus, coagulation disorders, leukaemia, Hypo and hyper thyrodism, meningitis and encephalitis.

Imaging in medical problems, ultrasound, echo- cardiogram, CT scan, MRI.

Anxiety and Depressive Psychosis and schizophrenia and ECT.

2. Paediatrics

198


Immunization, Baby friendly hospital, congenital cyanotic heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome, broncho— pneumonias, kernicterus. IMNCI classification and management, PEM grading and management. ARI and Diarrhea of under five and their management.

3. Dermatology

Psoriasis, Allergic dermatitis, scabies, eczema, vitiligo, Stevan Johnson’s syndrome, Lichen Planus.

4.GeneralSurgery

Clinical features, causes, diagnosis and principles of management of cleft palate, harelip.

Laryngeal tumour, oral and esophageal tumours.

Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins, coarctation of aorta.

Tumours of Thyroid, Adrenal, Glands.

Abscess cancer, fibroadenoma and adenosis of breast.

Bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis of bowel, ulcerative colitis, cancer stomach.

Renal mass, cancer prostatie.

Haemothorax, stones of Gall bladder, Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder.

Management of surgical conditions of Rectum, Anus and Anal canal, Gall bladder and Bile ducts.

Splenomegaly, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, peritonitis, carcinoma head of pancreas.

Fractures of spine, Colles’ fracture and bone tumors.

Endoscopy.

Laprascopic Surgery.

5. Obstetrics and Gynaecology including FamilyPlanning

Diagnosis of pregnancy.

Labour management, complications of 3rd stage, Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, resuscitation of the newborn, Management of abnormal life and difficult labour. Management of small for date or premature newborn.

Diagnosis and management of anemia. Preeclampsia and Toxaemias of pregnancy, Management of Post- menopausal Syndrome.

Intra-uterine devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy. Medical termination of pregnancy including legal aspects.

Cancer cervix.

Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain; infertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), amenorrhoea, Fibroid and prolapse of uterus.

6. CommunityMedicine(PreventiveandSocialMedicine)

Principles, methods approach and measurements of Epidemiology.

Nutrition, nutritional diseases/diorders and Nutrition Programmes.

199


Health information Collection, Analysis and Presentation.

Objectives, components and critical analysis of National programmes for control/eradication of :

Malaria, Kala-azar, Filaria and Tuberculosis,

HIV/AIDS, STDs and Dengue.

Critical appraisal of Health care delivery system.

Health management and administration; Techniques, Tools, Programme Implementation and Evaluation.

Objectives, Components, Goals and Status of Reproductive and Child Health, National Rural Health Mission and Millennium Development Goals.

Management of hospital and industrial waste.

PHILOSOPHY

PAPER‐I

HistoryandProblemsofPhilosophy

1. Plato and Aristotle : Ideas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality.

2. Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz); Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge; Substance; God; Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism and Freedom.

3. Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) : Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God; Scepticism.

4. Kant: Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time; Categories; Ideas of Reason; Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God.

5. Hegel : Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism.

6. Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein : Defence of Commonsense; Refutation of Idealism; Logical Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Symbols; Picture Theory of Meaning; Sying and Showing.

7. Logical Positivism : Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions.

8. Later Wittgenstein : Meaning and Use; Language-games; Critique of Private Language.

9. Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance of Psychologism.

10. Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sarte, Heidegger): Existence and Essence; Choice, Responsibility and Authentic Existence; Being-in-the-world and Temporality.

11. Quine and Strawson : Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons.

12. Carvaka : Theory of Knowlegde; Rejection of Transcendent Entities.

13. Jainism : Theory of Reality; Saptabhanginaya; Bondage and Liberation.

14. Schools of Buddhism : Prat Ityasamutpada; Ksanikavada, Nairatmyavada.

200


15. Nyaya—Vaiesesika : Theory of Categories; Theory of Appearance; Theory of Pramana; Self, Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory of Causation; Atomistic Theory of Creation.

16. Samkhya; Prakrit; Purusa; Causation; Liberation.

17. Yoga; Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya.

18. Mimamsa: Theory of Knowlegde.

19. Schools of Vedanta : Brahman; Isvara; Atman; Jiva; Jagat; Maya; Avida; Adhyasa; Moksa; Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda.

20. Aurobindo: Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga.

PAPER‐II

Socio‐PoliticalPhilosophy

1. Social and Political ldeals : Equality, Justice, Liberty.

2. Sovereignty : Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kautilya.

3. Individual and State : Rights; Duties and Accountability.

4. Forms of Government : Monarchy; Theocracy and Democracy.

5. Political Ideologies: Anarchism; Marxism and Socialism.

6. Humanism; Secularism; Multi-culturalism.

7. Crime and Punishment : Corruption, Mass Violence, Genocide, Capital Punishment.

8. Development and Social Progress.

9. Gender Discrimination : Female Foeticide, Land and Property Rights; Empowerment.

10. Caste Discrimination : Gandhi and Ambedkar.

PhilosophyofReligion

1. Notions of God : Attributes; Relation to Man and the World. (Indian and Western).

2. Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (Indian and Western).

3. Problem of Evil.

4. Soul : Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation.

5. Reason, Revelation and Faith.

6. Religious Experience : Nature and Object (Indian and Western).

7. Religion without God.

8. Religion and Morality.

9. Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Truth.

10. Nature of Religious Language : Analogical and Symbolic; Cognitivist and Non-cognitive.

PHYSICS

PAPER‐I

201


1. (a) MechanicsofParticles:

Laws of motion; conservation of energy and momentum, applications to rotating frames, centripetal and Coriolis accelerations; Motion under a central force; Conservation of angular momentum, Kepler’s laws; Fields and potentials; Gravitational field and potential due to spherical bodies, Gauss and Poisson equations, gravitational self-energy; Two-body problem; Reduced mass; Rutherford scattering; Centre of mass and laboratory reference frames.

(b) MechanicsofRigidBodies:

System of particles; Centre of mass, angular momentum, equations of motion; Conservation theorems for energy, momentum and angular momentum; Elastic and inelastic collisions; Rigid Body; Degrees of freedom, Euler’s theorem, angular velocity, angular momentum, moments of inertia, theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes, equation of motion for rotation; Molecular rotations (as rigid bodies); Di and tri-atomic molecules; Precessional motion; top, gyroscope.

(c) MechanicsofContinuousMedia:

Elasticity, Hooke’s law and elastic constants of isotropic solids and their inter-relation; Streamline (Laminar) flow, viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation, Bernoulli’s equation, Stokes’ law and applications.

(d) SpecialRelativity:

Michelson-Morely experiment and its implications; Lorentz transformations length contraction, time dilation, addition of relativistic velocities, aberration and Doppler effect, mass-energy relation, simple applications to a decay process. Four dimensional momentum vector; Covariance of equations of physics.

2.WavesandOptics:

(a) Waves:

Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance; Beats; Stationary waves in a string; Pulses and wave packets; Phase and group velocities; Reflection and refraction from Huygens’ principle.

(b)GeometrialOptics:

Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s principle; Matrix method in paraxial optic-thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations.

(c) Interference:

Interference of light -Young’s experiment, Newton’s rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer; Multiple beam interference and Fabry Perot interferometer.

(d) Diffraction:

Fraunhofer diffraction - single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power; Diffraction by a circular aperture and the Airy pattern; Fresnel diffraction: half-period zones and zone plates, circular aperture.

(e)PolarisationandModernOptics:

Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarized light; Double refraction,

202


quarter wave plate; Optical activity; Principles of fibre optics, attenuation; Pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; Material dispersion, single mode fibers; Lasers-Einstein A and B coefficients. Ruby and He-Ne lasers. Characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence; Focusing of laser beams. Three-level scheme for laser operation; Holography and simple applications.

3.ElectricityandMagnetism:

(a)ElectrostaticsandMagnetostatics:

Laplace and Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications; Energy of a system of charges, multipole expansion of scalar potential; Method of images and its applications. Potential and field due to a dipole, force and torque on a dipole in an external field; Dielectrics, polarisation. Solutions to boundary-value problems-conducting and dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field; Magnetic shell, uniformly magnetised sphere; Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis, energy loss.

(b)CurrentElectricity:

Kirchhoff's laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law, Lenz’ law. Self-and mutual- inductances; Mean and rms values in AC circuits; DC and AC circuits with R, L and C components; Series and parallel resonance; Quality factor; Principle of transformer.

4.ElectromagneticWavesand BlackbodyRadiation:

Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in vacuum, Poynting theorem; Vector and scalar potentials; Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics; Fresnel’s relations; Total internal reflection; Normal and anomalous dispersion; Rayleigh scattering; Blackbody radiation and Planck ’s radiation law- Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien’s displacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans law.

5.ThermalandStatisticalPhysics:

(a) Thermodynamics:

Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy; Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy changes; Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs’ phase rule and chemical potential; Van der Waals equation of state of a real gas, critical constants; Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities, transport phenomena, equipartition and virial theorems; Dulong-Petit, Einstein, and Debye’s theories of specific heat of solids; Maxwell relations and application; Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Adiabatic demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.

(b) StatisticalPhysics:

Macro and micro states, statistical distributions, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Distributions, applications to specific heat of gases and blackbody radiation; Concept of negative temperatures.

PAPER‐II

1.QuantumMechanics:

Wave-particle duality; Schroedinger equation and expectation values; Uncertainty principle;

203


Solutions of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation for free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box, particle in a finite well, linear harmonic oscillator; Reflection and transmission by a step potential and by a rectangular barrier; Particle in a three dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of metals; Angular momentum; Hydrogen atom; Spin half particles, properties of Pauli spin matrices.

2. AtomicandMolecularPhysics:

Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrozen atom; L-S coupling, J-J coupling; Spectroscopic notation of atomic states; Zeeman effect; Franck-Condon principle and applications; Elementary theory of rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules; Raman effect and molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy; Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy. Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Elementary theory and applications of NMR and EPR; Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and its significance.

3. Nuclearand ParticlePhysics:

Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment; Semi-empirical mass formula and applications. Mass parabolas; Ground state of a deuteron, magnetic moment and non-central forces; Meson theory of nuclear forces; Salient features of nuclear forces; Shell model of the nucleus - success and limitations; Violation of parity in beta decay; Gamma decay and internal conversion; Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy; Q-value of nuclear reactions; Nuclear fission and fusion, energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors.

Classification of elementary particles and their interactions; Conservation laws; Quark structure of hadrons : Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions; Elementary ideas about unification of forces; Physics of neutrinos.

4.SolidStatePhysics,DevicesandElectronics:

Crystalline and amorphous structure of matter; Different crystal systems, space groups; Methods of determination of crystal structure; X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies; Band theory of solids—conductors, insulators and semi-conductors; Thermal properties of solids, specific heat, Debye theory; Magnetism: dia, para and ferromagnetism; Elements of super-conductivity, Meissner effect, Josephson junctions and applications; Elementary ideas about high temperature super-conductivity.

Intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors- p-n-p and n-p-n transistors; Amplifiers and oscillators. Op-amps; FET, JFET and MOSFET; Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De Morgan’s laws, Logic gates and truth tables. Simple logic circuits; Thermistors, solar cells; Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital computers.

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL

RELATIONS

PAPER‐I

PoliticalTheoryandIndianPolitics:

1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches.

2. Theories of state : Liberal, Neo-liberal, Marxist, Pluiralist, post-colonial and Feminist.

204


3. Justice : Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian critiques.

4. Equality : Social, political and economic; relationship between equality and freedom; Affirmative action.

5. Rights : Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; Concept of Human Rights.

6. Democracy : Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy—representative, participatory and deliberative.

7. Concept of power : hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.

8. Political Ideologies : Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism.

9. Indian Political Thought: Dharamshastra, Arthashastra and Buddhist Traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, M. N. Roy.

10. Western Political Thought : Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, John S. Mill, Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt.

IndianGovernment andPolitics

1. IndianNationalism:

(a) Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle : Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Non-cooperation, Civil Disobedience; Militant and Revolutionary Movements, Peasant and Workers Movements.

(b) Perspectives on Indian National Movement; Liberal, Socialist and Marxist; Radical Humanist and Dalit.

2. Making of the Indian Constitution : Legacies of the British rule; different social and political perspectives.

3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution : The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive Principles; Parliamentary System and Amendment Procedures; Judicial Review and Basic Structure doctrine.

4. (a) Principal Organs of the Union Government : Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive, Legislature and Supreme Court.

(b) Principal Organs of the State Government : Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive, Legislature and High Courts.

5. Grassroots Democracy : Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government; Significance of 73rd and 74th Amendments; Grassroot movements.

6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions : Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, Finance Commission, Union Public Service Commission, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; National Human Rights Commission, National Commission for Minorities, National Backward Classes Commission.

7. Federalism : Constitutional provisions; changing nature of centre-state relations; integrationist tendencies and regional aspirations; inter-state disputes.

8. Planning and Economic development : Nehruvian and Gandhian perspectives; Role of

205


planning and public sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarian relations; liberalization and economic reforms.

9. Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics.

10. Party System : National and regional political parties, ideological and social bases of parties; Patterns of coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoral behaviour; changing socio-economic profile of Legislators.

11. Social Movement : Civil liberties and human rights movements; women’s movements; environmentalist movements.

PAPER‐II

Comparative Politics and InternationalRelations

ComparativePoliticalAnalysisandInternationalPolitics:

1. Comparative Politics : Nature and major approaches; Political economy and political sociology perspectives; Limitations of the comparative method.

2. State in Comparative Perspective : Characteristics and changing nature of the State in capitalist and socialist economies, and advanced industrial and developing societies.

3. Politics of Representation and Participation : Political parties, pressure groups and social movements in advanced industrial and developing societies.

4. Globalisation : Responses from developed and developing societies.

5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations : Idealist, Realist, Marxist, Functionalist and Systems theory.

6. Key Concepts in International Relations : National interest, security and power; Balance of power and deterrence; Transational actors and collective security; World capitalist economy and globalisation.

7. Changing International Political Order :

(a) Rise of super powers; Strategic and ideological Bipolarity, arms race and cold war; Nuclear threat;

(b) Non-aligned Movement : Aims and achievements.

(c) Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and American hegemony; Relevance of non-alignment in the contemporary world.

8. Evolution of the International Economic System : From Brettonwoods to WTO; Socialist economies and the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance); Third World demand for new international economic order; Globalisation of the world economy.

9. United Nations : Envisaged role and actual record; Specialized UN agencies—aims and functioning; need for UN reforms.

10. Regionalisation of World Politics : EU, ASEAN, APEC, AARC, NAFTA.

11. Contemporary Global Concerns : Democracy, human rights, environment, gender justice terrorism, nuclear proliferation.

India and the World

1. Indian Foreign Policy : Determinants of foreign policy; the institutions of policy-making;

206


Continuity and change.

2. India’s Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement Different phases; Current role.

3. India and South Asia :

(a) Regional Co-operation : SAARC-past performance and future prospects.

(b) South Asia as a Free Trade Area.

(c) India’s “Look East” policy.

(d) Impediments to regional co-operation : River water disputes; illegal cross border migration; Ethnic conflicts and insurgencies; Border disputes.

4. India and the Global South : Relations with Africa and Latin America; Leadership role in the demand for NIEO and WTO negotiations.

5. India and the Global Centres of Power : USA, EU, Japan, China and Russia.

6. India and the UN System: Role in UN Peace-keeping; Demand for Permanent Seat in the Security Council.

7. India and the Nuclear Question : Changing perceptions and policy.

8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign Policy : India’s position on the recent crises in Afghanistan, Iraq and West Asia, growing relations with US and Isreal; Vision of a new world order.

PSYCHOLOGY

PAPER‐I

FoundationsofPsychology

1. Introduction:Definition of Psychology; Historical antecedents of Psychology and trends in the 21st centrury; Psychology and scientific methods; Psychology in relation to other social sciences and natural sciences; Application of Psychology to societal problems.

2. Methods of Psychology : Types of research : Descriptive, evaluative, diagnostic and prognostic; Methods of Research : Survey, observation, case-study and experiments; Characteristics of experimental design and non-experimental designs; quasi-experimental designs; Focussed group discussions, brain storming, grounded theory approach.

3. Research methods : Major steps in psychological research (problem statement, hypothesis formulation, research design, sampling, tools of data collection, analysis and interpretation and report writing); Fundamental versus applied research; Methods of data collection (interview, observation, questionnaire and case study). Research Designs (Ex-post facto and experimental). Application of statistical techniques (t-test, two-way ANOVA, correlation and regression and factor analysis) item response theory.

4. Development of Human Behaviour : Growth and development; Principles of development, Role of genetic and environmental factors in determining human behaviour; Influence of cultural factors in socialization; Life span development—Characteristics, development tasks, promoting psychological well-being across major stages of the life span.

5. Sensation,Attention andPerception : Sensation: concepts of threshold, absolute and difference thresholds, signal-detection and vigilance; Factors influencing attention including set

207


and characteristics of stimulus; Definition and concept of perception, biological factors in perception; Perceptual organization-influence of past experiences, perceptual defence-factor influencing space and depth perception, size estimation and perceptual readiness; The plasticity of perception; Extrasensory perception; Culture and perception, Subliminal perception.

6. Learning:Concepts and theories of learning (Behaviourists, Gestaltalist and Information processing models). The processes of extinction, discrimination and generalisation. Programmed learning, probability learning, self instructional learning, concepts, types and the schedules of reinforcement, escape, avoidance and punishment, modelling and social learning.

7.Memory : Encoding and remembering; Shot-term memory, Long-term memory, Sensory memory, Iconic memory, Echoic memory: The Multistore model, levels of processing; Organization and Mnemonic techniques to improve memory; Theories of forgetting: decay, interference and retrieval failure: Metamemory; Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde.

8. Thinking andProblem Solving : Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; Concept formation processes; Information processing, Reasoning and problem solving, Facilitating and hindering factors in problem solving, Methods of problem solving: Creative thinking and fostering creativity; Factors influencing decision making and judgement; Recent trends.

9. Motivation and Emotion : Psychological and physiological basis of motivation and emotion; Measurement of motivation and emotion; Effects of motivation and emotion on behaviour; Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; Factors influencing intrinsic motivation; Emotional competence and the related issues.

10. IntelligenceandAptitude: Concept of intelligence and aptitude, Nature and theories of intelligence-Spearman, Thurstone, Gulford Vernon, Sternberg and J.P. Das; Emotional Intelligence, Social intelligence, measurement of intelligence and aptitudes, concept of I Q deviation I Q, constancy of I Q; Measurement of multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.

11. Personality : Definition and concept of personality; Theories of personality (psychoanalytical, socio-cultural, interpersonal, developmental, humanistic, behaviouristic, trait and type approaches); Measurement of personality (projective tests, pencil-paper test); The Indian approach to personality; Training for personality development; Latest approaches like big 5 factor theory; The notion of self in different traditions.

12. Attitudes, Values and Interests : Definitions of attitudes, values and interests; Components of attitudes; Formation and maintenance of attitudes. Measurement of attitudes, values and interests. Theories of attitude changes, strategies for fostering values. Formation of stereotypes and prejudices; Changing other’s behaviour, Theories of attribution; Recent trends.

13. Language and Communication : Human language—Properties, structure and linguistic hierarchy, Language acquisition—predispotion, critical period hypothesis; Theories of Language development—Skinner and Chomsky; Process and types of communication—effective commu-nication training.

14.IssuesandPerspectivesinModernContemporaryPsychology:Computer application in the psychological laboratory and psychological testing; Artificial intelligence; Psychocybernetics; Study of consciousnessleep-wak schedules; dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation, hypnotic/drug induced states; Extrasensory perception; Intersensory perception; Simulation studies.

208


PAPER‐II

Psychology:Issuesandapplications

1. PsychologicalMeasurementofIndividualDifferences:

The nature of individual differences. Characteristics and construction of standardized psychological tests. Types of psychological tests. Use, misuse and limitation of psychological tests. Ethical issues in the use of psychological tests.

2. PsychologicalwellbeingandMentalDisorders:

Concept of health-ill health positive health, well being casual factores in Mental disorders (Anxiety disorders, mood disorders; schizophrenia and delusional disorders; personality disorders, substance abuse disorders). Factors influencing positive health, well being; lifestyle and quality of life; Happiness disposition.

3. TherapeuticApproaches:

Psychodynamic therapies. Behaviour therapies. Client centered therapy. Cognitive therapies. Indigenous therapies (Yoga, Meditation). Biofeedback therapy. Prevention and rehabilitation of the mentally ill; Fostering mental health.

4. WorkPsychologyandOrganisationalBehaviour:

Personnel selection and training. Use of Psychological tests in the industry. Training and human resource development. Theories of work motivation. Herzberg, Maslow, Adam Equity theory, Porter and Lawler, Vroom; Leadership and participatory management; Advertising and marketing; Stress and its management; Ergonomics; consumer psychology; Managerial effectiveness; Transformational leadersip; Senitivity training; Power and politics in organizations.

5. ApplicationofPsychologytoEducationalField:

Psychological principles underlying effective teaching-learning process. Learning styles. Gifted, retarded, learning disabled and their training. Training for improving memory and better academic achievement. Personality development and value education. Educational, vocational guidance and Career counselling. Use of Psychological tests in educational institutions; Effective strategies in guidance programmes.

6. CommunityPsychology:

Definition and concept of Community Psychology. Use of small groups in social action. Arousing Community consciousness and action for handling social problems. Group decision making and leadership for social change. Effective strategies for social change.

7. RehabilitationPsychology:

Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention programmes—role of psychologists. Organising of services for rehabilitation of physically, mentally and socially challenged persons including old persons. Rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, criminal behaviours. Rehabilitation of victims of violence. Rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims, the role of social agencies.

8. ApplicationofPsychologytodisadvantagedgroups:

The concepts of disadvantaged, deprivation social, physical, cultural and economic consequences of disadvantaged and deprived groups. Educating and motivating the disadvantaged towards development; Relative and prolonged deprivation.

209


9. Psychological problemofsocialintegration:

The concept of social integration. The problem of caste, class, religion and language conflicts and prejudice. Nature and manifestation of prejudice between the ingroup and outgroup. Casual factors of such conflicts and prejudices. Psychological strategies for handling the conflicts and prejudices. Measures to achieve social integration.

10. ApplicationofPsychologyinInformationTechnology andMassMedia:

The present scenario of information technology and the mass media boom and the role of psychologists. Selection and training of Psychology professionals to work in the field of IT and mass media. Distance learning through IT and mass media. Entrepreneurship through e-commerce. Multilevel marketing. Impact of TV and fostering value through IT and mass media. Psychological consequences of recent developments in Information Technology.

11. PsychologyandEconomicdevelopment:

Achievement motivation and economic development. Characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour. Motivating and Training people for entrepreneurship and economic development; Consumer rights and consumer awareness, Government policies for promotion of entrepreneurship among youth including women entreprenures.

12. ApplicationofPsychologytoenvironmentandrelatedfields:

Environmental Psychology effects of noise, pollution and crowding. Population Psychology : Psychological consequence of population explosion and high population density. Motivating for small family norms. Impact of rapid scientific and technological growth on degradation of environment.

13. Applicationofpsychologyinotherfields:

(a) MilitaryPsychology

Devising psycological tests for defence personnel for use in selection, Training, counseling; training psychologists to work , with defence personnel in promoting positive health; Human engineering in defence.

(b)SportsPsychology

Psychological interventions in improving performance of athletes and sports. Persons participating in Individual and Team Games.

(c)Mediainfluencesonproandanti‐socialbehaviour.

(d) PsychologyofTerrorism.

14. PsychologyofGender:

Issues of discrimination, Management of diversity; Glass ceiling effect, Self-fulfilling prophesy, Women and Indian society.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

PAPER‐I

AdministrationTheory

1. Introduction:

210


Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration, Wilson’s vision of Public Administration, Evolution of the discipline and its present status. New Public Administration, Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance: concept and application; New Public Management.

2. AdministrativeThought:

Scientific Management and Scientific Management movement; Classical Theory; Weber’s bureaucratic model its critique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary Parker Follett); Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive (C.I. Barnard); Simon’s decision-making theory; Participative Management (R. Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor.)

3. AdministrativeBehaviour:

Process and techniques of decision-making; Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories content, process and contemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modem:

4. Organisations:

Theories systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Ministries and Departments, Corporations, Companies; Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc, and advisory bodies; Headquarters and Field relationships; Regulatory Authorities; Public-Private Partnerships.

5. AccountabilityandControl:

Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative, Executive and judicial control over administration; Citizen and Administration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary organizations; Civil society; Citizen’s Charters; Right to Information; Social audit.

6. AdministrativeLaw:

Meaning, scope and significance; Dicey on Administrative law; Delegated legislation; Administrative Tribunals.

7. ComparativePublicAdministration:

Historical and sociological factors affecting administrative systems; Administration and politics in different countries; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology and administration; Riggsian models and their critique.

8. DevelopmentDynamics:

Concept of development; Changing profile of development administration; ‘Anti-development thesis’; Bureaucracy and development; Strong state versus the market debate; Impact of liberalisation on administration in developing countries; Women and development the self-help group movement.

9. PersonnelAdministration:

Importance of human resource development; Recruitment, training, career advancement, position classification, discipline, performance appraisal, promotion, pray and service conditions; employer-employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct; Administrative ethics.

211


10. PublicPolicy:

Models of policy-making and their critique; Processes of conceptualisation, planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review and their limitations; State theories and public policy formulation.

11. TechniquesofAdminstrativeImprovement:

Organisation and methods, Work study and work management; e-governance and information technology; Management aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM.

12. FinancialAdministration:

Monetary and fiscal policies: Public borrowings and public debt Budgets types and forms; Budgetary process; Financial accountability; Accounts and audit.

PAPER‐II

Indian Administration

1. EvolutionofIndianAdministration:

Kautilya Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy of British rule in politics and administration Indianization of Public services, revenue administration, district Administration, local self Government. .

2. PhilosophicalandConstitutionalframeworkof

Government:

Salient features and value premises; Constitutionalism; Political culture; Bureaucracy and democracy; Bureaucracy and development.

3. PublicSectorUndertakings:

Public sector in modern India; Forms of Public Sector Undertakings; Problems of autonomy, accountability and control; Impact of liberalization and privatization.

4. UnionGovernmentandAdministration:

Executive, Parliament, Judiciary-structure, functions, work processes; Recent trends; Intra-governmental relations; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister’s Office; Central Secretariat; Ministries and Departments; Boards; Commissions; Attached offices; Field organizations.

5. PlansandPriorities:

Machinery of planning; Role, composition and functions of the Planning Commission and the National Development Council; ‘Indicative’ planning; Process of plan formulation at Union and State levels; Constitutional Amendments (1992) and decentralized planning for economic development and social justice.

6. StateGovernmentandAdministration:

Union-State administrative, legislative and financial relations; Role of the Finance Commission; Governor; Chief Minister; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State Secretariat; Directorates.

7. DistrictAdministrationsinceIndependence:

212


Changing role of the Collector; Union-State-local relations; Imperatives of development management and law and order administration; District administration and democratic decentralization.

8. CivilServices:

Constitutional position; Structure, recruitment, training and capacity building; Good governance initiatives; Code of conduct and discipline; Staff associations; Political rights; Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil service neutrality; Civil service activism.


Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentary control of public expenditure; Role of finance ministry in monetary and fiscal area; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of Controller General of Accounts and Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

10. AdministrativeReformssinceIndependence:

Major concerns; Important Committees and Commissions; Reforms in financial management and human resource development; Problems of implementation.

11. RuralDevelopment:

Institutions and agencies since Independence; Rural development programmes: foci and strategies; Decentralization and Panchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment.

12. UrbanLocalGovernment:

Municipal governance: main features, structures, finance and problem areas; 74th Constitutional Amendment; Global-local debate; New localism; Development dynamics, politics and administration with special reference to city management.

13. LawandOrderAdministration:

British legacy; National Police Commission; Investigative agencies; Role of Central and State Agencies including para military forces in maintenance of law and order and countering insurgency and terrorism; Criminalisation of politics and administration; Police-public relations; Reforms in Police.

14. SignificantissuesinIndianAdministration:

Values in public service; Regulatory Commissions; National Human Rights Commission; Problems of administration in coalition regimes; Citizen administration interface; Corruption and administration; Disaster management.

SOCIOLOGY

PAPER–I

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY

1. Sociology‐TheDiscipline:

(a) Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of Sociology.

(b) Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.

213


(c) Sociology and common sense.

2. Sociologyas Science:

(a) Science, scientific method and critique.

(b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology.

(c) Positivism and its critique.

(d) Fact value and objectivity.

( e) Non-positivist methodologies.

3.ResearchMethodsandAnalysis:

(a) Qualitative and quantitative methods.

(b) Techniques of data collection.

(c ) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.

4.SociologicalThinkers:

(a) Karl Marx - Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.

(b) Emile Durkhteim - Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society.

(c) Max Weber - Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.

(d) Talcolt Parsons - Social system, pattern variables.

(e) Robert K. Merton - Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference groups.

(f) Mead - Self and identity.

5. StratificationandMobility:

(a) Concepts - equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation.

(b) Theories of social stratification - Structural func tionalist theory, Marxist theory, Weberian theory.

(c) Dimensions - Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race.

(d) Social mobility - open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of mobility.

6.WorksandEconomicLife:

(a) Social organization of work in different types of society - slave society, feudal society, industrial capitalist society.

(b) Formal and informal organization of work.

(c) Labour and society.

7. PoliticsandSociety:

(a) Sociological theories of power.

(b) Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups and political parties.

(c) Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.

214


(d) Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.

8.ReligionandSociety:

(a) Sociological theories of religion.

(b) Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.

(c) Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism, fundamen talism.

9. SystemsofKinship:

(a) Family, household, marriage.

(b) Types and forms of family.

(c) Lineage and descent.

(d) Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.

(e) Contem porary trends.

10.SocialChangeinModernSociety:

(a) Sociological theories of social change.

(b) Development and dependency.

(c) Agents of social change.

(d) Education and social change.

(e) Science, technology and social change.

PAPER–II

INDIAN SOCIETY: STRUCTURE AND CHANGE

A.IntroducingIndianSociety:

(i) PerspectivesontheStudyofIndianSociety:

(a) Indology (G.S. Ghure).

(b) Structural functionalism (M. N. Srinivas).

(c) Marxist sociology (A. R. Desai).

(ii) ImpactofcolonialruleonIndiansociety:

(a) Social background of Indian nationalism.

(b) Modernization of Indian tradition.

(c) Protests and movements during the colonial period.

(d) Social reforms.

B.SocialStructure:

(i)RuralandAgrarianSocialStructure:

(a) The idea of Indian village and village studies.

(b) Agrarian social structure—

evolution of land tenure system, land reforms.

215


(ii)CasteSystem:

(a) Perspectives on the study of caste systems: G. S. Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille.

(b) Features of caste system.

(c) Untouchability-forms and perspectives

(iii)TribalCommunitiesinIndia:

(a) Definitional problems.

(b) Geographical spread.

(c) Colonial policies and tribes.

(d) Issues of integration and autonomy.

(iv)SocialClassesinIndia:

(a) Agrarian class structure.

(b) Industrial class structure.

(c) Middle classes in India.

(v)SystemsofKinshipinIndia:

(a) Lineage and descent in India.

(b) Types of kinship systems.

(c) Family and marriage in India.

(d) Household dimensions of the family.

(e) Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division oflabour.

(vi)ReligionandSociety:

(a) Religious communities in India.

(b) Problems of religious minorities.

C. SocialChangesinIndia:

(i) VisionsofSocialChangeinIndia:

(a) Idea of development planning and mixed economy.

(b) Constitution, law and social change.

(c) Education and social change.

(ii)RuralandAgrarianTransformationinIndia:

(a) Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes.

(b) Green revolution and social change.

(c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.

(d) Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.

216


(iii)IndustrializationandUrbanisationinIndia:

(a) Evolution of modern industry in India.

(b) Growth of urban settlements in India.

(c) Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.

(d) Informal sector, child labour.

(e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas.

(iv)PoliticsandSociety:

(a) Nation, democracy and citizenship.

(b) Political parties, pressure groups, social and political elite.

(c) Regionalism and decentralization of power.

(d) Secularization.

(v)SocialMovementsinModernIndia:

(a) Peasants and farmers movements.

(b) Women’s movement.

(c) Backward classes & Dalit movements.

(d) Environmental movements.

(e) Ethnicity and Identity movements.

(vi)PopulationDynamics:

(a) Population size, growth, composition and distribution.

(b) Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.

(c) Population Policy and family planning.

(d) Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.

(vii) ChallengesofSocialTransformation:

(a) Crisis of development : displacement, environmental problems and sustainability.

(b) Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.

(c) Violence against women.

(d) Caste conflicts.

(e) Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.

(f) Illiteracy and disparities in education.

STATISTICS

PAPER–I

1.Probability:

Sample space and events, probability measure and probability space, random variable as a measurable function. distribution function of a random variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable, probability mass function, probability density function, vector-valued random variable, marginal

217


and conditional distributions, stochastic independence of events and of random variables, expectation and moments of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of random variable in distribution, in probability, in path mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and inter-relations, Chebyshev’s inequality and Khintchine’s weak law of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and Kolmogoroffs theorems, probability generating function, moment generating function, characteristic function, inversion theorem, Linderberg and Levy forms of central limit theorem, standard discrete and continuous probability distributions.

2.StatisticalInference:

Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, completeness, ancillary statistics, factorization theorem, exponential family of distribution and its properties, uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, Cramer-Rao inequality for single Parameter. Estimation by methods of moments, maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chisquare and modified minimum chisquare, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, asymptotic efficiency, prior and posterior distributions, loss function, risk function, and minimax estimator. Bayes estimators.

Non-randomised and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearson lemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio: similar and unbiased tests, UMPU tests for single paramet likelihood ratio test and its asymptotic distribution. Confidence bounds and its relation with tests.

Kolmogorov’s test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its optimality. Wilcoxon signedranks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test, run test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic normality.

Wald’s SPRT and its properties, Oc and ASN functions for tests regarding parameters for Bernoulli, Poisson, normal and exponential distributions. Wald’s fundamental identity.

3.LinearInferenceandMultivariateAnalysis:

Linear statistical models, theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, least squares estimates and their precision, test of significance and interval estimates based on least squares theory in oneway, two-way and three-way classified data, regression analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogonal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partial correlations, estimation of variance and covariance components,

multivariate normal distribution, Mahalanobis’s D2 and Hotelling’s T2 statistics and their

applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, principal component analysis.

4. SamplingTheoryandDesignofExperiments:

An outline of fixed-population and super-population approaches, distinctive features of finite population sampling, propability sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without replacement, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy, cluster sampling, twostage and multi-stage sampling, ratio and regression methods of estimation involving one or more auxiliary variables, two-phase sampling, probability proportional to size sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the HorvitzThompson estimators, non-negative variance estimation with reference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling errors.

Fixed effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed effects models (two-way classification with equal observation per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, incomplete block

218


designs, concepts of orthogonality and balance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial

experiments and 24 and 32, confounding in factorial experiments, split-plot and simple lattice

designs, transformation of data Duncan’s multiple range test.

PAPER II

1. IndustrialStatistics

Process and product control, general theory of control charts, different types of control charts for variables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and charts, cumulative sum chart. Single, double, multiple and sequential sampling plans for attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves, concepts of producer’s and consumer’s risks, AQL, LTPD and AOQL, Sampling plans for variables, Use of Dodge-Romin tables.

Concept of reliability, failure rate and reliability functions, reliability of series and parallel systems and other simple configurations, renewal density and renewal function, Failure models: exponential, Weibull, normal, lognormal. Problems in life testing, censored and truncated experiments for exponential models.

2. OptimizationTechniques:

Different types of models in Operations Research, their construction and general methods of solution, simulation and Monte-Carlo methods formulation of Linear Programming (LP) problem, simple LP model and its graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase metbod and the M-technique with artificial variables, the duality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis, transpotation and assignment problems, rectangular games, two-person zero-sum games, methods of solution (graphical and algebraic).

Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement policies, concept of scientific inventory management and analytical structure of inventory problems, simple models with deterministic and stochastic demand with and without lead time, storage models with particular reference to dam type.

Homogeneous discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix, classification of states and ergodic theorems, homogeneous continuous-time Markov chains, Poisson process, elements of queuing theory, M/MI, M/M/K, G/M/l and M/G/1 queues.

Solution of statistical problems on computers using wellknown statistical software packages like SPSS.

3. QuantitativeEconomicsandOfficialStatistics:

Determination of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method, tests for stationary series, ARIMA models and determination of orders of autoregressive and moving average components, fore-casting.

Commonly used index numbers - Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s and Fisher’s ideal index numbers, cham-base index number, uses and limitations of index numbers, index number of wholesale prices, consumer price, agricultural production and industrial production, test fot index numbers -proportionality, time-reversal, factor-reversal and circular.

General linear model, ordinary least square and generalized least squares methods of estimation, problem of multi-collinearity, consequences and solutions of multi-collinearity, autocorrelation and its consequences, heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for

219


independence of disturbances concept of structure and model for simultaneous equations, problem of identification-rank and order conditions of identifiability, two-stage least sauare method of estimation.

Present official statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrial production, trade and prices, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and limitations, principal publications containing such statistics, various official agencies responsible for data collection and their main functions.

4. DemographyandPsychometry:

Demographic data from census, registration, NSS other surveys, their limitations. and uses, definition, construction and uses of vital rates and ratios, measures of fertility, reproduction rates, morbidity rate, standardized death rate, complete and abridged life tables, construction of life tables from vital statistics and census returns, uses of life tables, logistic and other population growth curves, fitting a logistic curve, population projection, stable population, quasi-stable population, techniques in estimation of demographic parameters, standard classification by cause of death, health surveys and use of hospital statistics.

Methods of standardisation of scales and tests, Z-scores, standard scores, T-scores, percentile scores, intelligence quotient and its measurement and uses, validity and reliability of test scores and its determination, use of factor analysis and path analysis in psychometry.

ZOOLOGY

PAPER–I

1. Non‐chordataandChordata:

(a) Classification and relationship of various phyla up to subclasses: Acoelomate and Coelomate, Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateria and Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry.

(b) Protozoa: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction, sex; General features and life history of Paramaecium,Monocystis.Plasmodiumand Leishmania.

(c) Porifera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction.

(d) Cnidaria: Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obeliaand Aurelia.

(e) Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and their-Pathogenic symptoms.

(f) Nemathelminthes: General features, life history, parasitic adaptation of Ascaris andWuchereria.

(g) Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features and life history of Nereis, earthworm and leach.

(h) Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in arthropods (Prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification of mouth, parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee and butterfly), metapmor phosis in insect and its hormonal regulation, socialbehaviour ofApis and termites.

(i) Molluscs: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general features and life history of

220


Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia. Torsion and detorsion in gastropods.

(j) Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, larval forms, general features and life history of Asterias.

(k) Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features and life history ofBranchiostoma and Herdmania.

(l) Pisces: Respiration, locomotion and migration.

(m) Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, paedomorphosis.

(n) Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and crocodiles.

(o) Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, migration.

(p) Mammalia: Origin of mammals, dentition, general features of egg laying mammals, pouchedmammals, aquatic mammals and primates, endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships.

(q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates. (integument and its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system,. respiratory system, circulatory system including heart and aortic arches, urinogenital system, brain and sense organs (eye and ear).

2.Ecology:

(a) Biosphere: concept of biosphere; biomes, Biogeochemical cycles, Human induced changes in atmosphere including green house effect, ecological succession, biomes and ecotones, community ecology.

(b) Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of ecosystem, types of ecosystem, ecological succession, ecological adaptation.

(c) Population; characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization.

(d) Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources.

(e) Wildlife of India.

(f) Remote sensing for sustainable development.

(g) Environmental biodegradation; pollution and its impact on biosphere and its prevention.

3.Ethology:

(a) Behaviour: Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign stimuli, learning, and memory, instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting.

(b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis, predator detection, predator tactics, social hierarchies in primates, social organization in insects;

(c) Orientation, navigation, homing; biological rhythms: biological clock, tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms.

(d) Methods of studying animal behaviour including sexual conflict, selfishness, kinship and altruism.

221


4.EconomicZoology:

(a) Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture, vermiculture.

(b) Major infectious and communicable diseases (malaria, filaria, tuberculosis, cholera and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention.

(c) Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogen (helminths) and vectors (ticks, mites, Tabanus, Stomoxys).

(d) Pests of sugar cane (Pyrillaperpusiella), oil seed (Achaeajanata) and rice (Sitophilusoryzae).

(e) Transgenic animals.

(f) Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and genetic counselling, gene therapy.

(g) Forensic biotechnology.

5.Biostatistics:

Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and measure of central tendency, chi square, student-test, F-test (one-way & two-way F-test).

6.Instrumentationmethods:

(a) Spectrophotometer, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, radioactive tracer, ultra centrifuge, gel . electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA, FISH and chromosome painting.

(b) Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).

PAPER II

1.CellBiology:

(a) Structure and function of cell and its organelles (nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and lysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome movement chromosome type ploytene and lambrush, organization of chromatin, heterochromatin, Cell cycle regulation.

(b) Nucleic acid topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, translation, protein foldings and transport.

2.Genetics:

(a) Modern concept of gene, split gene, genetic regulation, genetic, code.

(b) Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sex determination in Drosophila and human.

(c) Mendel’s laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, multiple alleles, genetics of blood groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in human.

(d) Mutations and mutagenesis.

(e) Recombinant DNA technology, plasmid, cosmid, artificial chromosomes as vectors, transgenics, DNA cloning and whole animal cloning (principles and methods).

222


(f) Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

(g) Signal molecules, cell death, defects in signaling pathway and consequences.

(h) RFLP, RAPD and AFLF and application of RFLP in DNA finger-printing, ribozyme technologies, human genome project, genomics and protomics.

3.Evolution:

(a) Theories of origin of life.

(b) Theories of evolution; Natural selection, role of mutation in evolution, evolutionary patterns, molecular drive, mimicry, variation, isolation and speciation.

(c) Evolution of horse, elephant and human using fossil data.

(d) Hardy-Weinberg Law.

(e) Continental drift and distribution of animals.

4. Systematics:

Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics, molecular taxonomy and biodiversity.

5.Biochemistry:

(a) Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids, cholesterol, proteins and amino-acids, nucleic acids. Bioenergetics.

(b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation; energy conservation and release, ATP, cycl cyclic AMP-its structure and role.

(c) Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and functions.

(d) Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action.

(e) Vitamins and co-enzymes.

(f) Immunoglobulin and immunity.

6.Physiology(withspecialreferencetomammals):

(a) Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in human; factors and mechanism of coagulation; iron metabolism, acid-base balance, thermo regulation, anticoagulants.

(b) Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

(c) Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands.

(d) Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmo-regulation and excretory product.

(e) Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on muscles.

(f) Neuron: nerve impulse—its conduction and synaptic transmission; neurotransmitters.

(g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in human.

(h) Physiology of reproduction puberty and menopause in human.

7. Developmental Biology:

(a) Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis, composition of semen, in vitro and in vivo capacitation of mammalian sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency; fertilization, morphogenesis and morphogen;

223


blastogeneis, establishment of body axes formation, fate map, gestulation in frog and chick; genes in development in chick homeotic genes, development of eye and heart, placenta in mammals.

(b) Cell lineage, cell to cell interaction, Genetic and induced teratogenesis, role of thyroxine in control of metamorphosisin amphibia, paedogenesis and neoteny, cell death, aging.

(c) Developmental genes in human, in vitro fertilization; and embryo transfer; cloning.

(d) Stem cells: Sources, types and their use in human welfare.

(e) Biogenetic law.

APPENDIX‐IIA

INSTRUCTIONSTOTHECANDIDATESFORFILLINGONLINEAPPLICATIONS

Candidates are required to apply Online using the website www.upsconline.nic.in.

Salient features of the system of Online Application Form are given hereunder:

Detailed instructions for filling up online applications are available on the above mentioned website.

Candidates will be required to complete the Online Application Form containing two stages viz. Part-I and Part-II as per the instructions available in the above mentioned site through drop down menus.

The candidates are required to pay a fee of Rs.100/- Rupees One Hundred only) [excepting SC/ST/ Female/Persons with Benchmark Disability candidates who are exempted from payment of fee] either by depositing the money in any branch of State Bank of India by cash, or by using net banking facility of State Bank of India or by using any Visa/Master/RuPay Credit/ Debit Card.

Before start filling up Online Application, a candidate must have his photograph and signature duly scanned in the .jpg format in such a manner that each file should not exceed 300 KB each and must not be less than 20 KB in size for the photograph and signature.

The candidate should have details of one Photo ID viz. Aadhar Card/ Voter Card / PAN Card / Passport/ Driving License / Any other photo ID card issued by the State / Central Government. The details of this photo ID will have to be provided by the candidate while filling up the online application form. The candidates will have to upload a scanned copy of the Photo ID whose details

have been provided in the online application by him/her. This photo ID will be used for all future references and the candidate is advised to carry this ID while appearing for the examination.

The Online applications (Part I and II) can be filled from 4th March, 2021 to 24th March, 2021 till 18:00 Hrs.

Applicants should avoid submitting multiple applications. However, if due to any unavoidable circumstances, any applicant submits multiple applications then he/she must ensure that the applications with higher RID is complete in all respects.

In case of multiple applications, the applications with higher RID shall be entertained by the Commission and fee paid against one RID shall not be adjusted against any other RID.

The applicants must ensure that while filling their Application Form, they are providing their

224


valid and active E-Mail IDs as the Commission may use electronic mode of communication while contacting them at different stages of examination process.

The applicants are advised to check their emails at regular intervals and ensure that the email addresses ending with @ nic.in are directed to their inbox folder and not to the SPAM folder or any other folder.

Candidates are strongly advised to apply online well in time without waiting for the last date for submission of Online Applications.

APPENDIX‐IIBIMPORTANTINSTRUCTIONSTOWITHDRAWAPPLICATION

1. Candidates are advised to go through the instructions carefully before filling up the request for withdrawal of application. 2. The Commission has provided the withdrawal facility from 31.03.2021 to 06.04.2021 (till 6.00 PM) to those candidates who do not want to appear at this Examination. 3. Candidates are advised to provide the details of registered application with registration-id which was completed and submitted finally. There is no provision for withdrawal of incomplete applications. 4. Before making the request for withdrawal, candidate must ensure that they have access to the registered mobile number and email-id which were provided by them at the time of submission of application. Separate OTPs will be sent by the Commission on the registered mobile number and email-id. Request for withdrawal will be accepted only after it is confirmed by validating the OTP details sent on candidate’s mobile and email-id. Such OTPs will be valid for 30 Minutes only. 5. Request for generating OTP for withdrawal of application will be accepted only till 5.30 PM on 06.04.2021. 6. If a candidate has submitted more than one application form then the higher registration-id of Application (latest) will be considered for withdrawal and all earlier applications will be treated as cancelled automatically. 7. After the final acceptance of the request for online withdrawal of application, the candidate must print the authenticated receipt. Once application has been withdrawn by the candidate, it cannot be revived in future. 8. UPSC has no provision to refund any fee amount paid by candidates, so in case of successful withdrawal of application the fees will not be refunded. 9. On successful completion of withdrawal of application, an auto-generated email and SMS will be sent on candidate’s registered email-id and mobile. In case any candidate has not submitted the request for withdrawal of application he/she may contact UPSC on email-id: [email protected] immediately. 10. Candidates are advised not to share the OTPs received on email and SMS to anybody.

225


226


Appendix–IV

Certificateregardingphysicallimitationinanexamineetowrite

This is to certify that, I have examined Mr./Ms./Mrs………………………….. (name of the candidate with benchmark disability), a person with ……………………….. (nature and percentage of disability as mentioned in the certificate of disability), S/o/D/o……………………., a resident of ……………………………….. (Village/District/State) and to state that he/she has physical limitation which hampers his/her writing capabilities owing to his/her disability.

Signature

ChiefMedicalOfficer/CivilSurgeon/MedicalSuperintendentofaGovernmentHealtCareInstitution.

Note: Certificate should be given by a specialist of the relevant stream/disability (eg. Visual Impairment – Ophthalmologist, Locomotor disability – Orthopaedic specialist/PMR).

Appendix‐V

LetterofUndertakingforUsingOwnScribe(TobefilledbythecandidatesonlinetotheCommission)

I…………………., a candidate with………………………(name of the disability) appearing forthe………………….(nameoftheexamination)………………..bearingRollNo………………..at………..(name of the centre) in the District …………………., ……………… (name of the State). Myqualificationis…………..

I dohereby state that…………………………… (name of the scribe)will provide the service ofscribe/reader/labassistantfortheundersighnedfortakingtheaforesaidexamination.

Idoherebyundertakethathisqualificationis……………………Incase,subsequentlyitisfoundthathis/herqualificationisnotasdeclaredbytheundersignedandisbeyondmyqualification,Ishallforfeitmyrighttothepostandclaimsthereto.

(SignatureofthecandidateswithDisability)

Place:

Date:

227

LISTED ON 19.07.2021 Section - LawBeat

Documents