Lista de publicaciones del Think Tank del PE - European Union

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Fecha de creación : 01-08-2022

Single Resolution Board: Accountability arrangements (9th parliamentary term)Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 27-07-2022Autor MAGNUS Marcel

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosPalabra clave control financiero | cooperación interinstitucional (UE) | empresa en crisis | nombramiento (de miembros) | Parlamento

Europeo | resumen | sesión pública | solvencia | Unión Económica y Monetaria | vida institucionalResumen This document provides an overview of public hearings and exchange of views with the Chair of the Single Resolution

Board (SRB) in the ECON Committee since July 2019. It also provides an overview of all external papers requested bythe ECON Committee by a standing panel of banking experts. Lastly, the annex contains an overview of the respectivelegal bases for these hearings as part of the accountability framework of the SRB. For an overview of public hearingsduring the 8th parliamentary term, please see here.

Briefing EN

Single Supervisory Mechanism: Accountability arrangements (9th parliamentary term)Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 27-07-2022Autor MAGNUS Marcel

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosPalabra clave Banco Central Europeo | competencia institucional (UE) | estabilidad financiera | institución financiera | intervención en

el mercado | intervención financiera | resumen | sesión pública | supervisión financiera | unión bancaria de la UEResumen This document provides an overview of public hearings and exchange of views with the Chair of the European Central

Bank (ECB) Supervisory Board in the ECON Committee since July 2019. It also provides an overview of all externalpapers requested by the ECON Committee by a standing panel of banking experts. Lastly, the annex contains anoverview of the respective legal bases for these hearings as part of the accountability framework of the SingleSupervisory Mechanism (SSM). For an overview of public hearings during the 8th parliamentary term, please see here.

Briefing EN

Removal of taxation-based obstacles and distortions in the Single Market in order to encourage crossborder investment

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 26-07-2022

Autor externo Jost Henrich HECKEMEYERÁmbito político Asuntos financieros y bancarios | Fiscalidad

Resumen The coexistence of 27 different national tax systems in the European Union brings about significant obstacles to crossborder business activity in the European Single Market. The objective of this study is to show the context anddevelopments in European secondary law that have led to the current situation or, at least, have not yet resolved it. Inaddition, perspectives are shown as to how the described obstacles to cross border investment in the Internal Marketcan be countered both in the short and long term, both at the fundamental and also at the procedural or administrativelevel. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies forthe Subcommittee on Tax Matters (FISC).

Estudio EN

Sustainability in the age of geopoliticsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 25-07-2022Autor KONONENKO Vadim | NOONAN EAMONN

Ámbito político Medio ambienteResumen In 2006, Jeffrey Sachs wrote that sustainability had replaced the Cold War as the dominant theme of global politics. He

defined the 'geopolitics of sustainability' as a new approach to governance, which recognised the ecologicalunderpinnings of war, terror and corruption, and sought to find solutions to these problems. Since then, sustainabilityhas become a megatrend, intensively discussed in the media, the corporate world, and the expert community.Governments (particularly in the European Union) are steadily developing 'green transitions', planning decarbonisationand aiming for more digital and circular economies. Even so, military conflict may be regarded as a still greater trendthan climate change, particularly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Global military spending continued to riseduring the 2010s, and the number of armed conflicts increased. Russia's attack on Ukraine has had a dramatic impactand will have lasting consequences. The spectre of further escalation, and of war in other geopolitical hotspots,remains. Today, sustainability transitions are taking place in an age of military insecurity. When the concept ofgeopolitics of sustainability was developed in the 1980s, sustainable development was seen as an alternative to greatpower competition and Cold War politics. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, sustainability came to be seen as acorrective alternative to hyper-globalisation, rapid population growth and the depletion of planetary resources.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 1

The UK's Northern Ireland Protocol BillTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 25-07-2022Autor HALLAK ISSAM

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | Mercado interior y unión aduaneraResumen The government of the United Kingdom (UK) introduced the 'Northern Ireland Protocol bill' in the House of Commons

on 13 June 2022. If enacted, the bill provides that certain provisions of the Northern Ireland Protocol would no longer'have effect in the UK'. The main fields concerned are i) customs and movement of goods, ii) regulation of goods, iii)State aid, and iv) application of EU law. On 15 June, the EU relaunched the infringement procedure against the UK forfailing to properly implement the Protocol that it had paused in 2021.

De un vistazo EN

Implications of the Northern Ireland Assembly elections for EU-UK relationsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 25-07-2022Autor HALLAK ISSAM

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | Mercado interior y unión aduaneraResumen On 5 May 2022, voters elected the members of the Northern Ireland Assembly (NIA) in a challenging political context,

due among other things to differences over the Northern Ireland Protocol. Indeed, the largest unionist party in NorthernIreland strongly opposes the Protocol, and has blocked the work of Northern Ireland's political institutions pendingchanges in its operation. The UK government has reiterated its readiness to 'unilaterally dis-apply' the Protocol and/orto suspend it – putting forward the Northern Ireland Protocol Bill to that effect in June – unless the EU agrees to itsreplacement. For its part, the EU continues to demand that the UK fully implements the Protocol it signed, and hasproposed a number of practical solutions to the issues raised by stakeholders. In 2024, the NIA is due to vote on thecontinuing application of the Protocol.

De un vistazo EN

India and food (in)securityTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 25-07-2022Autor BILQUIN Bruno

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen India, poised to become the most populous nation and the third-largest economy in the near future, faces major food

security risks. In response, the country has sought to formulate a food security policy that also addresses climatechange and the impact of Russia's war on Ukraine, while supporting its aspirations to be a major player in a multipolarworld. Both the agricultural and farming issues India faces and the laws it adopts are relevant for global food security.India-EU relations, including in trade, also address food, climate and agricultural issues.

De un vistazo EN

European Day of Remembrance for Victims of all Totalitarian and Authoritarian RegimesTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 25-07-2022Autor KAISER WOLFRAM KARL WILHELM

Ámbito político Cultura | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaResumen On 2 April 2009, the European Parliament decided that 23 August each year should mark the European Day of

Remembrance for Victims of All Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. With the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of 23August 1939, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union had divided Europe into spheres of interest. That agreement, withits secret protocols, preceded the German attack on Poland on 1 September 1939 and the Soviet occupation ofeastern Poland, as well as the Soviet occupation and later annexation of the Baltic States, in June 1940.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 2

The digital dimension of the National Recovery and Resilience PlansTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 25-07-2022Autor LILYANOVA Velina

Ámbito político PresupuestoResumen The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) is the core element of the EU's largest and most innovative financing

instrument, Next Generation EU (NGEU), created to help the EU's economies and societies recover from the globalpandemic. The facility is structured around six pillars representing policy areas of European relevance, identified by theRRF Regulation as vital for strengthening the EU's resilience. The pillars define investment priorities and the scope ofapplication of financing under the RRF. This briefing is dedicated to one of them – the digital transformation pillar – forwhich, along with the green transition, the RRF Regulation sets a specific spending target. The briefing aims to give anoverview of why the digital transition is one of the key policies in focus under the RRF, what the RRF Regulationrequires in that respect, and the approach taken by EU Member States. To receive funds from the RRF, MemberStates have drawn up individual national recovery and resilience plans (NRRPs), laying down a number of reforms andinvestments. Funds are released based on performance, upon successful implementation of relevant milestones andtargets set out in the plans. Each national plan has to earmark at least 20 % of its resources for achieving digitaltargets. Digitalisation has been under way for a long time and the EU's response to this process, even before thepandemic, has been indicative of the high priority it gives to this policy area. The digital transition, one of the 'twintransitions', is not only considered key to a faster economic recovery, but also to enhanced security and resilience, andto the EU's achieving strategic autonomy. NGEU provides an opportunity, among other EU policy tools, to contribute toprogress in that area. While the RRF's time scope is relatively limited, as investments are due to be completed by2026, it falls within the recently declared EU Digital Decade 2020-2030. The NRRPs are aligned with the overarchingpriorities to achieve the EU's digital objectives by 2030. Digital investment is urgently needed across Europe, and asubstantial investment gap in digital infrastructure and services has been estimated between the EU and its globalcompetitors. Thus, funding for digital targets in the RRF is expected to complement funding from EU and nationalbudgets and address this challenge.

Briefing EN

Association Agreements with Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova on the roads to EU MembershipTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 25-07-2022Autor AHAMAD MADATALI HANNAH NAFIZE | JANSEN Talander Hugo

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativosResumen This paper has been produced by the Ex-post Evaluation Unit of the Directorate for Impact Assessment and European

Added Value, within the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) of the Secretariat of the EuropeanParliament, as a regional evaluation in parallel to the EPRS 2022 Peace and Security Outlook. It has been drafted as acontribution to the Normandy World Peace Forum taking place in September 2022. The paper provides thebackground to EU relations with Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine and analyses the most recent reforms achievedthrough the implementation of the association agreements in each country, up to the date of their applications formembership. Through an overview of the requirements for accession and of the EU's experiences with enlargement,and within the new context of the reframing of the EU's relations with its neighbourhood, the paper assesses thepotential steps each of these countries could take to advance on their roads to EU membership.

Análisis en profundidad EN

SSM Accountability: Lessons Learned for the Monetary DialoguesTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 25-07-2022Autor externo Adina AKBIK

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosResumen This study evaluates the European Parliament's accountability instruments in the Single Supervisory Mechanism

(SSM) in light of their comparability to existing arrangements in monetary policy. The analysis shows that the Inter-Institutional Agreement with the European Central Bank in banking supervision did not result in a significantly differentaccountability relationship than the one between the two institutions in monetary policy. The results are based oninterviews with Members of the European Parliament and an examination of questions asked in public hearings withthe Chair of the Supervisory Board.

Análisis en profundidad EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 3

Auditing the quality of datasets used in algorithmic decision-making systemsTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 25-07-2022Autor externo DG, EPRS

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Democracia | Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Evaluación de lalegislación y las políticas en la práctica | Industria | Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Planificación prospectiva |Política de investigación | Protección de los consumidores

Resumen Biases are commonly considered one of the most detrimental effects of artificial intelligence (AI) use. The EU istherefore committed to reducing their incidence as much as possible. However, the existence of biases pre-dates thecreation of AI tools. All human societies are biased – AI only reproduces what we are. Therefore, opposing thistechnology for this reason would simply hide discrimination and not prevent it. It is up to human supervision to use allavailable means – which are many – to mitigate its biases. It is likely that at some point in the future, recommendationsmade by an AI mechanism will contain less bias than those made by human beings. Unlike humans, AI can bereviewed and its flaws corrected on a consistent basis. Ultimately, AI could serve to build fairer, less biased societies.This study begins by providing an overview of biases in the context of artificial intelligence, and more specifically tomachine-learning applications. The second part is devoted to the analysis of biases from a legal point of view. Theanalysis shows that shortcomings in this area call for the implementation of additional regulatory tools to adequatelyaddress the issue of bias. Finally, this study puts forward several policy options in response to the challengesidentified.

Estudio EN

Anexo 1 EN

Ethical and societal challenges of the approaching technological stormTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 25-07-2022Autor externo DG, EPRS

Ámbito político Democracia | Derechos humanos | Industria | Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Planificación prospectiva | Políticade investigación | Protección de los consumidores

Resumen Supported by the arrival of 5G and, soon 6G, digital technologies are evolving towards an artificial intelligence-driveninternet of robotic and bionano things. The merging of artificial intelligence (AI) with other technologies such as theinternet of things (IoT) gives rise to acronyms such as 'AIoT', 'IoRT' (IoT and robotics) and 'IoBNT' (IoT and bionanotechnology). Blockchain, augmented reality and virtual reality add even more technological options to the mix. Smartbodies, smart homes, smart industries, smart cities and smart governments lie ahead, with the promise of manybenefits and opportunities. However, unprecedented amounts of personal data will be collected, and digitaltechnologies will affect the most intimate aspects of our life more than ever, including in the realms of love andfriendship. This study offers a bird's eye perspective of the key societal and ethical challenges we can expect as aresult of this convergence, and policy options that can be considered to address them effectively.

Estudio EN

Anexo 1 EN

EU economic developments and projectionsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 20-07-2022Autor GRIGAITE KRISTINA | VEGA BORDELL Javier María

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | CoronavirusPalabra clave crisis monetaria | estadística de la UE | Eurostat | inflación | política fiscal | política monetaria única | previsión

económica | producto interior bruto | recuperación económica | situación económicaResumen This briefing provides a summary of the recent economic developments in the EU Member States and gives an

overview of relevant economic projections forecasted by major international and EU institutionsBriefing EN

Country-Specific Recommendations for 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022Tipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 19-07-2022Autor GRIGAITE KRISTINA | HECSER ADRIANA HAJNALK | ZORPIDIS ANDREAS | ZSITNAK ALEXANDRA

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen This document presents: •The 2022 CSRs adopted by the Council, in the framework of the European Semester, on 17

June 2022 and •The 2021 fiscal recommendations adopted by the Council on 18 June 2021, •The 2020 CSRsadopted by the Council, in the framework of the European Semester, on 20 July 2020, •The 2019 Country-SpecificRecommendations (CSRs) adopted by the Council on 9 July 2019, •The European Commission’s assessments of theimplementation of the 2019, 2020 and 2021 CSRs based on its Country Reports published on 23 May 2022.

Estudio EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 4

The Fundamental Rights of Irregular Migrant Workers in the EUTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 19-07-2022Autor externo Clare FOX-RUHS, Martin RUHS

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Politica socialResumen This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional

Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, aims to inform policy debates about how to protect more effectively thefundamental rights of irregular migrant workers in the EU. It analyses the nature and causes of the gaps between thefundamental rights protections enshrined in EU legal standards and the rights realised by irregular migrants working inEU Member States in practice, and it discusses strategies for how these ‘protection gaps’ can be reduced.

Estudio EN

Research for PECH Committee: Costs and benefits of spatial protection measures as tools for fisheriesmanagement

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 19-07-2022

Autor externo MRAG: Stephen Mangi CHAI, Harry OWEN, Robert WAKEFORD, Stephen HODGSON, Hannah RICHARDSON,Imogen HAMER, Rupert STACY; Blue Bio Consulting: George V. TRIANTAPHYLLIDIS; Sakana Consultants:Sébastien METZ; University of Santiago de Compostela: Sebastian VILLASANTE, Pablo PITA.

Ámbito político PescaResumen This study evaluates the costs and benefits on fisheries and aquaculture of three types of spatial protection measures:

(i) Fish Stock Recovery Areas (FSRAs), (ii) Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), and areas designated as (iii) OtherEffective area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs). The research assesses how far fisheries co-managementapproaches can potentially help to achieve the European Union targets. The study uses three case studies fromFrance, Spain and Greece to collect data on the different types of spatial protection measures and assesses how thecost-benefit analysis framework can be applied for their evaluation.

Estudio EN

Workshop Proceedings: EU customs control mechanisms and their possible improvementTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 15-07-2022Autor HAASE Diana

Ámbito político Control presupuestario | PresupuestoResumen The Committee on Budgetary Control (CONT) held a workshop with the aim to get a better understanding about

customs control practices in Member States and their possible improvements. This publication includes the fulldocumentation of the workshop: programme, summary of the debate, background briefing, profiles of speakers andtheir presentations.

Estudio EN

Outcome of the Madrid NATO Summit, June 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 14-07-2022Autor CLAPP SEBASTIAN

Ámbito político Seguridad y defensaResumen On 28-30 June 2022, NATO leaders met in Madrid and adopted a new strategic concept, rewriting their assessment of

the threat environment in the light of Russia's war on Ukraine. NATO also overhauled its defence and deterrenceposture, and officially invited Finland and Sweden to join the Alliance.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 5

Italy's National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Latest state of playTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 14-07-2022Autor D'ALFONSO Alessandro

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | PresupuestoPalabra clave ajuste estructural | ayuda de la UE | enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | inversión | Italia | recomendación (UE) |

recuperación económica | reforma económica | Semestre EuropeoResumen In absolute figures, Italy's Recovery and Resilience Plan is the largest national plan under the unprecedented EU

response to the crisis triggered by the coronavirus pandemic. Italy has decided to use its entire national allocationunder the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), including its loan component (€122.6 billion). Totalling €191.5billion, these resources represent 26.5 % of the entire RRF, equal to 10.7 % of the country's gross domestic product(GDP) in 2019 (the RRF being 5.2 % of EU-27 GDP in 2019). In June 2022, Italy's grant allocation was revisedupwards slightly to €69 billion (+0.2 %). In addition, Italy has earmarked national resources worth €30.6 billion tofurther strengthen a vast programme of reforms and investments that aims to promote the recovery of the Italianeconomy, while addressing a number of structural weaknesses as well as pursuing major objectives such as the greentransition and the digital transformation. Measures under the plan are to be completed by 2026. Italy has so farreceived 24 % of the resources (in the form of pre-financing and first payments for grants and loans); this is above theEU average. A further nine payments each for grants and loans will depend on progress made in implementing theplan. The European Parliament, which was a major advocate for the creation of a common EU recovery instrument,participates in interinstitutional fora for cooperation and discussion on its implementation and scrutinises the work ofthe European Commission. This briefing is one in a series covering all EU Member States. Fourth edition. The 'NGEUdelivery' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the lifecycle of the plans.

Briefing EN

EU carbon border adjustment mechanism: Implications for climate and competitivenessTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 14-07-2022Autor MORGADO SIMOES HENRIQUE ANDRE | TITIEVSKAIA Jana

Ámbito político Comercio internacional | Industria | Medio ambientePalabra clave cambio climático | carbono | comercio de derechos de emisión | gas con efecto invernadero | importación (UE) |

neutralidad en carbono | país tercero | permiso de contaminación negociable | política de medio ambiente de la UE |propuesta (UE) | vigilancia a la importación

Resumen The EU has implemented the world's largest carbon-pricing system, the emissions trading system (ETS). While pricingemissions can encourage industrial decarbonisation, it also risks carbon leakage, whereby EU companies move theirproduction abroad. To date, the EU has mitigated carbon leakage through free allocations to certain industries, but withrising climate ambition and higher carbon prices, the Commission seeks to phase out free allocations. In parallel, anovel carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) would be introduced, requiring EU importers, as of 2026, topurchase certificates equivalent to the weekly EU carbon price. The CBAM would initially apply to imports in fiveemissions-intensive sectors deemed at greater risk of carbon leakage: cement, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilisers,and electricity. The CBAM charge would cover imports of these goods from all third countries, except thoseparticipating in the ETS or a linked mechanism. The CBAM aims to contribute to the EU's climate neutrality objectives,and encourage partner countries to decarbonise their production processes by levelling the playing field in carbonpricing between the EU and third-country producers; less developed countries could be supported in their climatetransitions. Following publication of the Commission proposal on the CBAM in July 2021, Parliament referred the file tothe Environment Committee. On 22 June 2022 the Parliament adopted its position, while on 15 March 2022 theCouncil had adopted its general approach. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at keystages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Data actTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 14-07-2022Autor DALLI HUBERT

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex anteResumen This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impact

assessment (IA) accompanying the Commission proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of theCouncil on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data (data act), submitted on 23 February 2022 and referredto the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE). The IA explains that the data act'complements the two other major instruments shaping the European single market for data': the Data Governance Actand the digital markets act. 'While the Data Governance Act focuses on trusted mechanisms for data sharing and thedigital markets act on fair competition between gatekeepers and other market players, also in relation to the use ofdata, the data act would enable wider data use across the economy, notably by regulating the fundamental questionsof who can use the data generated by connected products and related services, and what are the conditions for suchuse' (IA, p. 1). The initiative is among the new initiatives included in the Commission's 2021 work programme and inthe working document accompanying the joint declaration on EU legislative priorities for 2022.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 6

Implementation of the EU school scheme for fruit, vegetables and milk products: A mid-term review -European implementation assessment

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 14-07-2022Autor JANSEN Talander Hugo | KARAMFILOVA Ekaterina

Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la prácticaResumen Starting with milk in the 1970s, the EU has a long history of supplying agricultural products to school children. With a

dedicated EU school scheme for the 2017-2023 period, the EU is currently funding the distribution of fruit, vegetables,milk and milk products, and also educational and information measures. The main policy objective is to ensure thatchildren's nutritional needs are met and healthy eating habits and lifestyles are established. The European Parliamentis scrutinising the implementation of the school scheme with a report on the subject that will be considered by itsCommittee on Agriculture and Rural Development in the autumn of 2022. This European implementation assessment(EIA), produced by EPRS in support of the committee's work, shows that despite a significant level of flexibility in termsof national-level implementation, schools and suppliers face a good deal of red tape, and this is seen as the mainfactor reducing the scheme's effectiveness. The EPRS findings were based partly on a purpose-made school survey. Itcollected more than 14 000 individual contributions from schools (including directors, teachers and parents) located inall Member States. The good response clearly demonstrates the importance the school community attributes to the EUschool scheme.

Estudio EN

Los principios de igualdad y no discriminación, una perspectiva de Derecho Comparado - BélgicaTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 14-07-2022Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica

Resumen Este documento se integra en una serie de estudios que, desde una perspectiva de Derecho Comparado, tienen porobjeto presentar los principios de igualdad y no discriminación en distintos ordenamientos. Tras examinar la normativay la jurisprudencia de aplicación, se abordan el contenido, los límites y la posible evolución de dichos principios. Elpresente estudio tiene como objeto el caso de Bélgica. Este estudio hace en primer lugar un recorrido por la evolucióndel reconocimiento del principio de igualdad y no discriminación en Bélgica desde 1831. En segundo lugar, se realizauna exposición lo más completa posible de la legislación belga en materia de lucha contra la discriminación. En tercerlugar, el estudio aborda de una forma más selectiva la ambiciosa jurisprudencia del organismo que vela por elcumplimiento del principio de igualdad y no discriminación, el Tribunal Constitucional. En cuarto lugar, el estudiodescribe la inclusión en la legislación belga del concepto de “discriminación positiva”, que tiene su origen al otro ladodel Atlántico. Por último, se ofrecen algunas reflexiones finales. El presente documento es la versión en español delestudio publicado originalmente por la Biblioteca de Derecho Comparado en francés en febrero de 2021. Está versiónpone al día la versión anterior mediante las notas del editor.

Estudio ES

Peace and Security in 2022: Overview of EU action and outlook for the futureTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 14-07-2022Autor LAZAROU Eleni | ZAMFIR Ionel

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Democracia | Seguridad y defensaResumen This is the fifth Peace and Security Outlook produced by the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS). The

series analyses and explains the European Union's contribution to the promotion of peace and security internationally,through its various external policies. The study provides an overview of the issues and current state of play. It looksfirst at the concept of peace and the changing nature of the geopolitical environment as European security faces themost tangible military threat since the end of the Cold War. Russia's war on Ukraine compounds the challenges topeace and security already accentuated by the coronavirus crisis. The study follows the logic of the annual series, byfocusing on the promotion of peace and security in the EU's external action. Linking the study to the Normandy Index,which measures threats to peace and democracy worldwide based on the EU Global Strategy, each chapter of thestudy analyses a specific threat to peace and presents an overview of EU action to counter the related risks. The areasdiscussed include violent conflict, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, climate change, cyber-attacks,disinformation, and terrorism, among other issues. The EU's pursuit of peace is understood as a goal embodied inseveral EU policies, including development, democracy support, humanitarian assistance, security, and defence. Thestudy concludes with an outlook for the future. A parallel study, published separately, focuses specifically on EUpeace-building efforts in the Eastern Neighbourhood. The studies have been drafted as a contribution to the NormandyWorld Peace Forum scheduled for September 2022.

Estudio EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: Maritime logistics and connectivityTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 13-07-2022Autor SMIT-JACOBS KARIN

Ámbito político TransporteResumen Ukraine is one of the worlds' largest producers of grains and oilseed, and – for the export of these products to Africa,

the Middle East and Europe – heavily dependent on its maritime transport and ports, currently blocked because of thewar. Ukraine and Russia together typically export nearly 12 % of food calories globally. Before the war, Ukraineexported more than 90 % of its agricultural products, around 6 million tons per month, via the Black Sea. Alternativeroutes by road and rail only provide for a partial solution, while free navigation in open sea is an international right ofsovereign states.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 7

A common charger for electronic devices: Revision of the Radio Equipment DirectiveTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-07-2022Autor SAJN Nikolina

Ámbito político Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Protección de los consumidoresPalabra clave acumulador eléctrico | armonización de normas | autorización de venta | material de telecomunicaciones | norma de

comercialización | norma europea | norma técnica | propuesta (UE) | teléfono móvilResumen On 7 June 2022, the European Parliament and the Council reached a provisional agreement on the legislative

proposal to amend the 2014 Radio Equipment Directive. The amended directive, proposed by the EuropeanCommission on 23 September 2021, is a first step towards mandating a common charger for mobile phones and othersmall portable devices, which will have to be equipped with a USB Type-C receptacle and will have to incorporate theUSB Power Delivery communication protocol. A separate initiative on the eco-design of external power supplies isexpected to ensure that the receptacle and the communication protocol for both ends of charger cables is harmonised.Consumers would have the option to buy devices with or without a charger (unbundling). Amendments to the proposalagreed by the co-legislators would require consumers and other end-users to be informed by a pictogram whether acharger is included with a device, while information on the charging capabilities and compatible charging deviceswould be provided on a label. The Commission will be required to request the creation of harmonised standards forwireless charging within two years of the adoption of the directive, and will have to regularly assess whether thecommon charger should be made mandatory for additional devices. The text agreed in trilogue now needs to beformally adopted by the Parliament in plenary and then by the Council. Fourth edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress'briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Multimedia A common charger for electronic devices: Revision of the Radio Equipment Directive

Aviation's contribution to European Union climate action: Revision of EU ETS as regards aviationTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-07-2022Autor JENSEN LISELOTTE

Ámbito político Energía | Medio ambiente | TransportePalabra clave derechos de emisión de la UE | gas con efecto invernadero | lucha contra la contaminación | Organización de Aviación

Civil Internacional | permiso de contaminación negociable | política de medio ambiente de la UE | propuesta (UE) |reducción de las emisiones de gas | régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE | transporte aéreo | ventaen subasta

Resumen As part of the 'Fit for 55' package, the Commission is proposing a revision to the EU's emissions trading system (ETS)as regards carbon dioxide emissions from aviation. The proposal seeks to ensure that the sector contributes to theEU's climate targets through increased auctioning of allowances, with an end to free allowances from 2027, and byapplying the linear reduction of aviation allowances. The proposal will also integrate, into the revised ETS, theInternational Civil Aviation Organization's agreed global market-based Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme forInternational Aviation (CORSIA) and apply it to international flights departing from or arriving at an airport inside theEuropean Economic Area (EEA). For domestic flights in the Member States or flights within the EEA, the ETS wouldcontinue to apply. In the European Parliament, the file has been referred to the Committee on Environment, PublicHealth and Food Safety (ENVI), with Sunčana Glavak (EPP, Croatia) appointed rapporteur. Parliament adopted itsposition during the June I 2022 plenary session. The Council adopted its general approach during its meeting of 28June 2022. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout thelegislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Multimedia Revision of EU ETS as regards aviation: 'Fit for 55' package

Regional and local participation in the EU project: How the European Parliament is responding to citizens'expectations

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 13-07-2022Autor CIRLIG Carmen-Cristina | DEL MONTE Micaela

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen The Conference on the Future of Europe (CoFoE) has now concluded its work. Originally conceived in May 2019 from

an idea France's President Emmanuel Macron put forward in his 'letter to the citizens of Europe', the CoFoE wasintended to 'propose all the changes our political project needs, with an open mind, even to amending the Treaties',particularly on the basis of citizens' proposals. Citizens 'should play a leading and active part in setting our prioritiesand our level of ambition', as stated in European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen's political guidelines.From September 2021 to February 2022, eight hundred randomly selected citizens coming from all Member Statesmet to debate and brainstorm about the future of the European project. In addition, citizens and organisationssubmitted their ideas and contributions to the broader discussion on the multilingual digital platform, where they alsopublicised events, seminars and conferences taking place around Europe. Over 17 000 ideas and 21 000 commentswere submitted on the platform, and more than 6 000 events organised throughout Europe. The result of thisunprecedented, colossal exercise in direct democracy involving EU citizens is a set of many (more than 170),sometimes ambitious, citizens' recommendations. This is the sixth briefing in a series looking at citizens' expectationsin the context of the CoFoE.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 8

Understanding Loss and Damage: Addressing the unavoidable impacts of climate changeTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-07-2022Autor JENSEN LISELOTTE

Ámbito político Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Medio ambienteResumen Many consequences of climate change are already hard to reverse, and extreme weather events will become more

frequent in the future. That shows a need to discuss which climate impacts are difficult or impossible to adapt to, and aneed to address losses and damages. All regions will be affected by climate change, but the extent of loss anddamage will vary between locations. Although the concept of Loss and Damage (L&D) is not new, it is still quite vagueand not well defined in climate policy. It has been discussed at many United Nations Framework Convention onClimate Change (UNFCCC) Conferences of Parties (COP), and some mechanisms to support countries facing lossesand damages have been established. One of the biggest challenges with L&D is the framing of the concept itself.Developing and developed countries have differing views on its definition as well as its urgency, which has resulted inlimited progress on the issue. A key issue on which stakeholders find it hard to agree is financing L&D. Developedcountry stakeholders tend to argue that L&D could be financed by existing climate funds, insurance schemes,humanitarian aid, or risk management, while many developing countries call for financial mechanisms directedspecifically towards L&D. At the UNFCCC climate conference in Glasgow in November 2021 (COP26), the EuropeanUnion was open to discussing L&D as a topic but hesitant about creating a dedicated L&D fund. The topic is expectedto be one of the main focus areas on the agenda of the forthcoming COP27 in Egypt.

Briefing EN

Schengen reform: Key challenges and proposalsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-07-2022Autor DUMBRAVA Costica

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaResumen The Schengen area without internal borders has been under stress over the past decade owing to several successive

crises, including the sudden arrival of large numbers of people across the EU's external borders, persistent threats tointernal security, and the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. Although according to the Schengen rules thereintroduction of border controls at internal borders should be a temporary and exceptional measure, several MemberStates have maintained internal border controls uninterruptedly for more than six years. The massive and largelyuncoordinated internal border controls and other restrictions to freedom of movement imposed at the beginning of thepandemic revealed several shortcomings in the Schengen systems. These shortcomings concern Schengen'snormative framework (gaps in the legal framework), implementation and enforcement (at internal borders and in themanagement of external borders), and governance (including evaluation and strategic direction). Building on previousattempts to reform the Schengen system, and responding to renewed calls for reform, in December 2021 the EuropeanCommission presented a new Schengen strategy. This was accompanied by several proposals and measures aimedat revising the Schengen rules, enhancing police cooperation, reinforcing the management of external borders andstrengthening the overall governance of Schengen. The European Parliament has repeatedly stressed the need tosafeguard the Schengen area, urging the Member States to remove all unjustified controls at internal borders andasking the Commission to enforce the Schengen rules properly. In the context of the pandemic, Parliament called for a'recovery plan' for Schengen and for 'truly European governance of the Schengen area'.

Briefing EN

Culture and regional developmentTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-07-2022Autor PASIKOWSKA-SCHNASS Magdalena | WIDUTO Agnieszka

Ámbito político Cultura | Desarrollo regionalResumen Culture plays a fundamental role in human life. It is also an essential source of identity, at local, regional, national and

European levels, while making a significant contribution to the EU economy. EU cultural policy relates to culturalheritage, i.e. cultural sites and museums, but also to the cultural and creative sector, for instance the audiovisual anddesign sectors. The EU supports culture through a variety of initiatives, including the European Capitals of Culturescheme. A number of EU programmes also offer funding for cultural projects, for instance the Creative Europeprogramme, Horizon Europe and New European Bauhaus. Several regional policy funds meanwhile provide supportfor cultural events, the regeneration of cultural sites, the preservation of cultural heritage, cultural tourism, and culturaland creative sector businesses. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the cultural and creativesector, as repeated lockdowns saw the closure of cultural institutions and infrastructure. As one of the worst affectedsectors of the economy, the EU included culture in its coronavirus response investment initiatives and the REACT-EU(Recovery Assistance for Cohesion and the Territories of Europe) programme aimed at dealing with the consequencesof the pandemic. Local and regional authorities have a role to play in supporting cultural life and participation in theircommunities. Arts and cultural facilities are usually associated with urban centres, though they also have potential innon-urban areas, small towns and rural communities. The presence of cultural sites increases the attractiveness of aregion, while well-developed cultural and creative sectors help to enhance the regional economy. Culture can also playan important role in the regeneration of disadvantaged and post-industrial areas. The European Parliament has calledfor increased support for culture as part of the post-pandemic recovery efforts. As Europe emerges from the crisis,culture can help to strengthen regional development.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 9

NATO and European defence [What Think Tanks are thinking]Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-07-2022Autor CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Seguridad y defensaResumen The thirty NATO member states agreed on 29 June to invite Finland and Sweden to join the Western military alliance,

accepting the Nordic countries' accession bids, which came after Russia launched its war on Ukraine nearly fivemonths ago. The June NATO Summit in Madrid also endorsed a new Strategic Concept and branded the RussianFederation as 'the most significant and direct threat to Allies' security and to peace and stability in the Euro-Atlanticarea'. NATO also agreed to boost significantly its defence capabilities and offer more support for Ukraine. This notegathers links to the recent publications and commentaries from many international think tanks on the NATO Summitand on European defence.

Briefing EN

Genome-edited crops and 21st century food system challengesTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 13-07-2022Autor externo DG, EPRS

Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo ruralResumen Genome editing is the targeted alteration of a few DNA letters within the existing genetic blueprint of an organism. By

far the most widely used genome-editing tool is CRISPR-Cas. CRISPR-Cas genome-editing technology can be appliedin a number of different ways. The genetic changes that are introduced by means of the SDN1 and SDN2 types ofCRISPR-Cas technology do not differ from changes that can occur naturally or result from conventional breeding.While CRISPR-Cas technology is highly accurate, off-targets can occur. However, molecular characterisation of thegenetic changes, combined with selection, can prevent plants with undesired changes from being introduced onto themarket. Views on this new technology differ widely, but there is a clear need to discuss which type of regulatorygovernance is warranted for genome-edited crops.

Análisis en profundidad EN

'This is Europe' debate in the European Parliament: Speech by Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister ofGreece, on 5 July 2022

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 12-07-2022Autor TORPEY REBECCA MARY

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos exteriores | Coronavirus | Democracia | Energía | Politica socialResumen 'This is Europe' – an initiative proposed by the President of the European Parliament, Roberta Metsola – consists of a

series of debates with EU leaders to discuss their visions for the future of the European Union. On 5 July 2022, thePrime Minister of Greece, Kyriakos Mitsotakis, was the fourth EU leader to address the Parliament since itsConference of Presidents endorsed the initiative on 28 April 2022. Mr Mitsotakis mentioned EU solidarity frequently, interms of how it had helped Greece during the economic crisis, how Greece could contribute to energy security, andhow the EU should support Greece when dealing with migration challenges and relations with Turkey, as well as of theeffective impact of solidarity in dealing with the Covid 19 pandemic. Another key theme in the Prime Minister's speechwas crisis, and how the EU can better deal with future challenges by learning lessons from its handling of previouscrises. One of Mr Mitsotakis's concluding messages was that the EU needs an 'agenda for resilience and development'to respond to major challenges in defence, migration, banking union, energy, coordinated action based on theRecovery and Resilience Facility, the deepening of democracy, addressing fake news, and developing the EU's role inthe Western Balkans.

De un vistazo EN

Revising the Effort-sharing Regulation for 2021-2030: 'Fit for 55' packageTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 12-07-2022Autor YOUGOVA Dessislava

Ámbito político Medio ambientePalabra clave adaptación al cambio climático | control de la contaminación | derechos de emisión de la UE | estrategia de la UE | gas

con efecto invernadero | neutralidad en carbono | propuesta (UE) | vigilancia del medio ambienteResumen The EU's effort-sharing legislation covers greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in sectors not included in the EU

emissions trading system. A wide range of sources account for these emissions, such as petrol and diesel used forroad transport, energy used for heating and cooling in buildings, animal digestion and fertilisers used in agriculture,waste treatment, and small industries. To cut the emissions in these sectors, the EU effort-sharing legislationestablishes binding targets and sets up annual emissions allocations for each Member State for the 2013-2020 and2021-2030 periods. On 14 July 2021, the European Commission submitted a proposal on a regulation amending thebinding annual emissions reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030. It reviews the collective and nationaltargets set up in the Effort-sharing Regulation (ESR). The proposal is part of the 'fit for 55' package, which aims toadapt EU climate and energy legislation to the new EU objective of an at least 55 % reduction in net GHG emissionsby 2030 compared to 1990, in accordance with the recent European Climate Law. In order to contribute to the newclimate ambition, sectors covered by the ESR should achieve a collective reduction of 40 % in their emissions by 2030compared to 2005. The European Parliament adopted its position on 8 June 2022, while the Council agreed its generalapproach on 29 June 2022, enabling the launch of interinstitutional negotiations (trilogues). Third edition. The 'EULegislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 10

Tenth NPT review conference: Nuclear weapons threat at an all-time highTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 12-07-2022Autor IMMENKAMP Beatrix

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Seguridad y defensaResumen Nuclear weapons pose an existential threat to humanity. Russia's threat to use nuclear weapons in the context of its

war on Ukraine has been a stark reminder that this threat is real. At present, nine states are known to have militarynuclear programmes. Over recent years, tensions among nuclear-armed states have increased, leading to 'outrightstrategic rivalry and competition' among several of them. Moreover, experts are concerned that the 'fabric ofinternational institutions, treaties, and norms that has historically contributed to predictable and more stablerelationships among nuclear-armed States is deteriorating'. Experts also point to technological developments thatheighten uncertainties and unpredictability in the strategic relationships among nuclear-armed states. In January 2021,the Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists set the doomsday clock to 100 seconds tomidnight and warned that the world is 'sleepwalking its way through a newly unstable nuclear landscape'. In 1968, thefive states that possessed nuclear weapons at the time signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons(NPT), intended to lead to the eventual abolition of all nuclear weapons and control their proliferation. However, ratherthan fulfilling the pledge to disarm that they made when they signed the NPT, nuclear weapon states are investingmassive sums in more modern nuclear weapons and delivery systems. Moreover, an additional four states haveacquired nuclear weapons since the NPT came into force in 1970, and a fifth, Iran, is getting dangerously close tobuilding its own nuclear bomb. The Tenth NPT Review Conference, scheduled to take place in New York from 1 26August 2022, will review progress on the implementation of the treaty. The conference is taking place at a time offundamental divides between NPT member states over key aspects of the treaty. Moreover, Russia's invasion of anon-nuclear weapon state and its reckless nuclear rhetoric pose particular challenges for the disarmament and non-proliferation objectives of the NPT. The EU remains fully committed to the NPT as the cornerstone of the globalnuclear non-proliferation regime and the essential foundation for the pursuit of nuclear disarmament, and recentlycalled on all parties to work towards a positive and substantive outcome of the conference.

Briefing EN

Rules for exercising the Union's rights in implementing and enforcing EU UK agreementsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 12-07-2022Autor HALLAK ISSAM

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | Derecho internacional público | Mercado interior y unión aduaneraResumen Both the Withdrawal Agreement (WA) and the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) between the EU and the UK

allow a party to adopt measures in order to induce the other party to comply with a ruling delivered by an arbitraltribunal. Both agreements also allow the implementation of measures without having first to resort to the relevantdispute settlement mechanism, and the TCA provides for compensatory measures if a party has been found to haveapplied remedial measures that are inconsistent with the applicable provisions. The proposed legislation empowers theCommission to act by means of implementing acts for implementation and enforcement of the two agreements. Firstedition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

The EU chips act: Securing Europe's supply of semiconductorsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 12-07-2022Autor RAGONNAUD Guillaume

Ámbito político IndustriaResumen Semiconductors (or chips) are the engines of the digital transition. Their production relies on complex and vulnerable

global supply chains. Against the backdrop of global chip shortages, of a global 'subsidy race' in the world's mainproducing regions, and of a renewed EU industrial policy, in February 2022 the Commission presented a proposal foran EU chips act aimed at reinforcing the whole EU chips value chain. The chips act is based on a three-pillar structure:pillar 1 aims to bolster large-scale technological capacity building and innovation in the EU chips ecosystem, improvingthe transition 'from lab to fab'; pillar 2 focuses on improving the EU's security of supply, by attracting investment andenhancing production capacities in the EU; pillar 3 aims to set up a monitoring and crisis response mechanism. In theevent of supply crises, the Commission would be allowed to implement three types of emergency measures (requestinformation from companies, request companies to accept and prioritise orders of crisis-relevant products, and carryout common purchasing on behalf of Member States). The proposal is now in the hands of the co-legislators. In theEuropean Parliament, the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) is responsible for the file and plans toconsider its rapporteur's draft report in autumn 2022. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings areupdated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 11

Young people in the EU: Fit for the digital ageTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 11-07-2022Autor KATSAROVA Ivana

Ámbito político EducaciónResumen In 2021, 95 % of young Europeans aged 1629 years reported using the internet every day. However, the share of

young people with basic or above basic digital skills ranges from 93 % in Finland, 92 % in Malta, 89 % in Croatia and87 % in Greece and the Netherlands, to just 49 % in Bulgaria and 46 % in Romania, with the EU average standing at71 %. Some 76 % of all young people reported that they had performed basic computer tasks such as copying ormoving a file or a folder, while slightly lower shares had downloaded or installed software or applications (70 %).However, more technical skills, such as writing code in a programming language, were much less widespread, as just13 % of young people declared having ever done so, although this was more than twice the share recorded for theadult population (6 %).

De un vistazo EN

Towards carbon neutrality through ambitious transformation of the EU energy systemTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 11-07-2022Autor HEFLICH ALEKSANDRA | SAULNIER JEROME LEON

Ámbito político Energía | Industria | Medio ambiente | Planificación prospectiva | Política de investigación | Presupuesto | Valorañadido europeo

Resumen According to a recent European Parliamentary Research Service Cost of Non-Europe (CONE) report, ambitious andunited European Union (EU) action in climate and energy policy could be very beneficial, bringing gains of up to 5.6 %of gross domestic product (GDP), equal to €1 trillion additional GDP per year in 2050, compared to a continuation ofthe status quo (see Figure 1). However, failure to arrive at a common approach, in particular by collectively addressingvolatile energy prices and systemic risks emerging from EU dependency on external suppliers such as Russia, couldresult in the EU missing out on some, or the entirety, of these potential benefits. In this briefing we confirm that the EUhas a key role to play to attenuate and eliminate the related risks and in making the transformation possible andsuccessful. We also confirm that fragmentation driven by low ambition and muddling through, or even worst casescenarios of fragmentation, would result in relatively high negative impacts.

Briefing EN

Public hearing with Elke König, Chair of the Single Resolution Board - 13 July 2022Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 11-07-2022Autor GRIGAITE KRISTINA | MAGNUS Marcel | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen This note is prepared in view of an ordinary public hearing with the Chair of the Single Resolution Board (SRB), Elke

König, which will take place on 13 July 2022. During the hearing, the Chair of the SRB will notably address theinstitution’s 2021 annual report, published on 27 June 2022. This briefing also addresses the Sberbank resolutioncase, developments on MREL build-up and in relation to the Banking Union, and it presents a summary of some recentinstitutional policy papers relevant for resolution.

Briefing EN

Economic Dialogue and Exchange of Views with the President of the Council (ECOFIN)Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 11-07-2022Autor DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | GRIGAITE KRISTINA | MAGNUS Marcel | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen Zbyněk Stanjura, Minister of Finance of the Czech Republic, is participating in the ECON Committee in his capacity of

President of the ECOFIN Council during the Czech Presidency (July-December 2022). In accordance with the Treatyof the Union, “Member States shall regard their economic policies as a matter of common concern and shall coordinatethem within the Council”. This briefing provides an overview of the Czech Presidency priorities in ECON matters,including the Council’s work relating to the implementation of the European Semester for economic coordination,notably the application of the Recovery and Resilience Facility and deepening of the Economic and Monetary Union.

Análisis en profundidad EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 12

'Splinternets': Addressing the renewed debate on internet fragmentationTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 11-07-2022Autor externo DG, EPRS

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | Cultura | Democracia | Evaluación de impacto ex ante | Gobernanzaglobal | Industria | Legislación y normativa sobre competencia | Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Política deinvestigación | Protección de los consumidores

Resumen Recent events have multiplied concerns about potential fragmentation of the internet into a multitude of non-interoperable and disconnected 'splinternets'. Composed of thousands of compatible autonomous systems, theinternet is by definition technically divided. Yet, the internet was also designed to be an open and global technicalinfrastructure. The unity and openness of the internet appear to be under great pressure from political, commercial andtechnological developments. This report explores the implications of the EU's recent policies in this field as well as theopportunities and challenges for EU Member States and institutions in addressing internet fragmentation. It underlineshow recent EU legislative proposals – on the digital services act, digital markets act, artificial intelligence act, and NIS2 Directive – could help to address patterns of fragmentation, but also have limitations and potentially unintendedconsequences. Four possible strategies emerge: stay with the status quo, embrace fragmentation, resist patterns ofdivergence, or frame discussions as a matter of fundamental rights.

Estudio EN

Anexo 1 EN

Governing data and artificial intelligence for all: Models for sustainable and just data governanceTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 11-07-2022Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Gobernanza global | Política de investigación | Protección de los

consumidoresResumen With a particular focus on artificial intelligence (AI), this study identifies and examines policy options for the EU's data

governance framework that align with a data justice perspective. A data justice approach is one that centres on equity,recognition and representation of plural interests, and the creation and preservation of public goods as its principalgoals. The analysis offers both an assessment of the EU data governance strategy overall and specific policy optionsfor the AI act, the data governance act and the data act. Four benchmarks for good data governance are proposed, inline with the principles of justice: preserving and strengthening public infrastructure and public goods, inclusiveness,contestability and accountability, and global responsibility. Exploring examples of different governance models, weexamine how these models and options intersect, and what lessons they offer for the EU case.

Estudio EN

Anexo 1 EN

Plenary round-up – July 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 08-07-2022Autor FERGUSON CLARE | SOCHACKA KATARZYNA

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen The war in Ukraine was again an important point on the agenda of the July 2022 plenary session, with Members

debating the conclusions of the European Council meeting that took place on 23 24 June 2022, as well as a long list ofCouncil and Commission statements, including on facilitating exports of Ukrainian agricultural products, and onrelations of the Russian government and diplomatic network with extremist, populist, anti-European and otherEuropean political parties. Parliament also debated statements on the Czech Presidency's programme of activities forthe next six months, and a 'This is Europe' debate was held with the Prime Minister of Greece, Kyriakos Mitsokakis.Members addressed European Union initiatives to address inflation, implementation of the European Pillar of SocialRights, and taxing energy companies' windfall profits. Members rejected a motion to oppose the inclusion of nuclearand gas as environmentally sustainable economic activities in the EU taxonomy. A debate on the activities of theEuropean Investment Bank took place in the presence of its President, Werner Hoyer. Members also considered theconsequences of the recent heat waves and drought in the EU. Looking further afield, Members debated the UnitedKingdom's unilateral introduction of the Northern Ireland Protocol Bill and respect of international law, and the UnitedStates Supreme Court decision to overturn abortion rights. Debates took place on the treatment of refugees at theSpanish-Moroccan border, and on the post-Cotonou Agreement. Finally, Members debated and voted on a number oflegislative files.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 13

EU strategic autonomy 2013-2023: From concept to capacityTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 08-07-2022Autor DAMEN Mario

Ámbito político Planificación prospectivaResumen EU strategic autonomy (EU-SA) refers to the capacity of the EU to act autonomously – that is, without being dependent

on other countries – in strategically important policy areas. These can range from defence policy to the economy, andthe capacity to uphold democratic values. In order to structure the debate on strategic autonomy into analyticalcategories, this briefing assumes that by and large there have been several phases to the debate about EU-SA, eachwith a different focus. From 2013 to 2016, it was mainly seen as an approach to security and defence matters. From2017 to 2019, EU-SA was considered as a way to defend European interests in a hostile geopolitical environment,marked by Brexit, the Trump Presidency and China's growing assertiveness. In 2020, the Covid 19 pandemic shiftedthe focus to mitigating economic dependence on foreign supply chains. Since 2021, the scope of EU-SA has beenwidened to virtually all EU policy areas, including that of the EU's values, while the expression 'strategic autonomy' wasparadoxically used less and was often replaced by similar concepts, such as 'open strategic autonomy', 'strategicsovereignty', 'capacity to act' and 'resilience'. This briefing uses 'strategic autonomy' and 'strategic sovereignty' asequal and interchangeable terms. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, steps towards achievingEU-SA are being taken, while the concept nevertheless remains blurred by the variation in terminology. Achieving EU-SA will require a common vision, political will and capabilities to implement it, and a distinct role for the EU, betweenMember States and global players. Visual tools, such as the 360° strategic autonomy wheel (in Annex 1), can help toidentify dependencies and understand complex interdependencies between policy areas. Political will was expressedin the European Council's Versailles Declaration of 11 March 2022, which aims at greater EU-SA in defence, energysupply and the economy. However, EU-SA can be constrained by Member States and non-EU (third) countries orinternational organisations that challenge the EU. This EU strategic autonomy monitor is the first in a series on thestate of play in the debate and implementation of EU-SA. It will be complemented by thematic papers in the 'strategicautonomy 360°' series.

Briefing EN

Towards new rules on transparency and targeting of political advertisingTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 08-07-2022Autor DIAZ CREGO Maria

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen Political advertising is central to influencing how people vote, and may affect citizens' perceptions of the legitimacy of

their own political system, particularly when published in the run-up to elections. Rules governing political advertisingare therefore key to guaranteeing citizens' fundamental rights and the integrity of democratic processes. So, it is notwithout reason that regulating political propaganda during electoral periods is one of the common focal points ofelectoral law. However, traditional rules on campaigning may either be ineffective or difficult to enforce in an onlineenvironment where new techniques are used to target potential voters with tailored political messages based on largeamounts of personal data revealing their sensibilities and vulnerabilities. To address the new challenges posed byonline electoral campaigns, the European Commission presented a proposal that aims to build a harmonised set ofrules on transparency and targeting of political advertising, and would apply to both online and offline politicaladvertisements. The proposal is currently under discussion by the European Parliament and the Council through theordinary legislative procedure. In the Parliament, the Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO)is responsible for the file. The rapporteur presented his draft report to the committee on 16 June 2022. First edition.The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Securing the EU's supply of critical raw materialsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 07-07-2022Autor VAN WIERINGEN KJELD

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | IndustriaResumen Critical raw materials are essential to sustain Europe's economic and environmental ambitions. As geoeconomic

aggression and geopolitical tensions rise, the EU is re-thinking its reliance on certain imports. Can the EU secure itssupply of critical materials?

De un vistazo EN

Making solar a source of EU energy securityTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 07-07-2022Autor VAN WIERINGEN KJELD

Ámbito político EnergíaResumen In 2022, most global renewable power growth will consist of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy. In its 2021 industrial

strategy, the European Commission acknowledged the need for a more strategic approach to renewable energies. AsMember States seek to diversify away from Russian fossil fuels following the invasion of Ukraine, they should avoidexacerbating dependencies on solar panels manufactured in China.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 14

Research for TRAN Committee - The future of transport in the context of the Recovery PlanTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 07-07-2022Autor OSTANSKA KINGA | PERNICE Davide

Autor externo Daina BELICKA, Dace KRUPENKO, Ivo HINDRIKS, Maria RODRIGUES, Georges FUCHSÁmbito político Transporte

Resumen This At a glance note sumarises the report that provides the European Parliament’s Committee on Transport andTourism (TRAN) with an overview of the EU’s 29 transport sector priorities and the National Recovery and ResiliencePlan’s (NRRP) funding to achieve those priorities. NRRP transport sector measures also contribute to the furtherdevelopment of nine TEN-T Core Network Corridors and achievement of TEN-T goals.

De un vistazo EN

Strengthening EU chip capabilities: How will the chips act reinforce Europe's semiconductor sector by2030?

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 07-07-2022Autor VAN WIERINGEN KJELD

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | IndustriaResumen The proposed European chips act, presented by the European Commission in February 2022, aims to mobilise €43

billion in 'policy-driven investment' for the EU's semiconductor sector by 2030. The Commission expects long-termprivate investment to exceed this. The plan serves to enable immediate EU coordination against supply disruptions,strengthen and scale up production and innovation throughout the EU semiconductor value chain, and further enhancethe Union's technological leadership, practical applications and digital sovereignty in this crucial field. The globalsemiconductor value chain is characterised by chokepoints and critical dependencies, including on more advancedchips from Taiwan and South Korea, US intellectual property in chip design automation, Japanese wafers and Chinesechip assembly. Europe has strong capacities in research and equipment manufacturing, in addition to some productioncapacity of (less advanced) chips with larger transistors, often destined for the automotive sector, as well as (chemical)inputs. The future effectiveness of the EU chips act could benefit from further emphasis on certain key challenges tostrengthen and safeguard Europe's position in the global chip value chain. Internally, reinforcing European chemicalinput and back-end manufacturing could be advanced by protecting European chemical suppliers against Chinesesubsidies and by reshoring back-end facilities to Europe. Bilaterally, attracting and engaging in foreign semiconductorinvestment could see the use of relevant forums, partnerships and agreements, as well as relevant fast-track permits.Globally, enhancing foreign dependencies on the EU would require further reinforcement of existing European centresof excellence including in innovative research and equipment manufacturing. The EU chips act, if provided with theright resources, could help to improve the EU's position in the global semiconductor value chain significantly by 2030.Meanwhile, Intel's €33 billion investment and Taiwanese interest in European chip manufacturing are also cause foroptimism.

Briefing EN

Climate change [What Think Tanks are thinking]Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 07-07-2022Autor CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Medio ambienteResumen Russia’s war on Ukraine has reduced supplies of gas and oil to the European Union and other regions, increasing

energy prices and complicating efforts to cut emissions of greenhouse gases. Faced with oil and gas shortages, somecountries have started to fire up polluting coal power plants which had previously been shut down, or have postponedtheir planned closure. Burning coal or lignite emits much more carbon dioxide than using oil and gas to produceelectricity. Scientists and analysts are urging swift, radical action on climate change, pointing to this and last year’sextreme weather – severe floods, fires, and more frequent hurricanes. Governments across the world are preparing forthe next climate change conference, to be held in Sharm El-Sheikh at the end of 2022. The meeting is to provide moredetails of how countries plan to achieve the agreed goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels,as set out in the 2015 Paris Agreement. This note offers links to recent commentaries, studies and reports frominternational think tanks on climate issues. More papers on the topic can be found in a previous edition of ‘What ThinkTanks are Thinking.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 15

Workshop Environmental criminality in developing countriesTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 07-07-2022Autor externo Ragnhild SOLLUND, Tanya WYATT ,

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Derecho internacional público | Derechos humanos | Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Medioambiente | Pesca | Salud pública

Resumen The workshop explored the different ways to tackle environmental criminality in developing countries. Bringing togethera wide range of international experts as well as local representatives from developing countries, the workshop soughtto identify existing gaps in policy and legal responses, and generate debates about how the identified gaps can befilled. The first panel focused on the prevention and the fight against environmental crimes in developing countries. Indoing so, it drew on lessons learned from different developing countries, including best practices and entry points foraddressing environmental crimes. The second panel concentrated on the new EC proposal for a Directive on theprotection of the environment through criminal law. It discussed possible ways of reinforcing the external dimension ofthis Directive with the objective of making it more suitable and effective to prevent, prosecute and punishenvironmental crimes committed in developing countries. The second panel also discussed the pertinence of includingnew categories of environmental crimes in the Directive and in particular the ‘ecocide’ crime. It further addressed thecorporate criminal liability for crimes committed outside Europe by European companies and the need to extend thecriminal territorial jurisdiction to prosecute these crimes. Other aspects highlighted included ways to reinforce thehuman rights perspective in the Directive, for instance by revisiting the concept of victims and highlighting the lack ofcollective action for victims to lodge complaints or their right to compensation. This report brings together the in-depthanalysis prepared by experts for the workshop and a summary of the debate with Members, representatives of EU andinternational organisations, legal specialists, NGOs and environmental human rights defenders.

Estudio EN

Research for TRAN Committee: The future of transport in the context of the Recovery PlanTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 07-07-2022Autor externo Daina BELICKA, Dace KRUPENKO, Ivo HINDRIKS, Maria RODRIGUES, Georges FUCHS

Ámbito político TransporteResumen This Report provides the European Parliament’s Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN) with an overview of the

EU’s 29 transport sector priorities and the National Recovery and Resilience Plan’s (NRRP) funding to achieve thosepriorities. NRRP transport sector measures also contribute to the further development of nine TEN-T Core NetworkCorridors and the achievement of TEN-T goals

Estudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo EN

Strengthening Europol's mandateTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 06-07-2022Autor CIRLIG Carmen-Cristina

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave Europol | funcionamiento institucional | informe | innovación | investigación y desarrollo | macrodatos | propuesta (UE) |

protección de datosResumen On 9 December 2020, along with its counter-terrorism agenda, the European Commission adopted a proposal for a

regulation to reinforce the mandate of Europol, the EU law enforcement cooperation agency. The proposed regulationaims principally at rendering Europol's cooperation with private parties more effective; responding to the agency's 'bigdata challenge', by providing a legal basis for processing large and complex datasets, including personal data of datasubjects not related to a crime; and reinforcing Europol's role in relation to research and innovation for lawenforcement. The legislative proposal, which would amend the existing Europol Regulation (EU) 2016/794, isaccompanied by another legislative proposal to modify Regulation (EU) 2018/1862 on the Schengen informationsystem (SIS), to allow Europol to issue alerts in SIS under a new category. On 1 February 2022, the EuropeanParliament and the Council reached a provisional agreement on the proposal for a regulation, which was formallyadopted by each institution on 4 May and 24 May respectively, and signed into law on 8 June. The regulation enteredinto force on 28 June 2022. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stagesthroughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 16

Establishing the Union secure connectivity programme for the period 2023-2027Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 06-07-2022Autor VETTORAZZI STEFANO

Ámbito político Política de investigaciónResumen This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impact

assessment (IA) accompanying the above-mentioned proposal, adopted on 15 February 2022 and referred to theEuropean Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE). The proposal, which is included in the2022 Commission work programme (see Annex I – New initiatives) and in the EU Legislative Priorities for 2022 (seethe Commission's working document), seeks to establish a Union secure satellite communication system. This systemwould ensure highly secured connectivity and communication to the Union and Member States' governmental entities,also with a view to making sure that the EU remains connected in case of cyber-attacks, or in case of natural disastersleading to the breakdown of terrestrial communication networks (IA, pp. 10-11). In addition, the system would allow forconnecting key infrastructure better, supporting crisis management, surveillance and potential mass-market broadbandapplications, and ensuring the provision of high-speed, flexible and resilient satellite communication services. Theproposed regulation sets out the objectives of the programme, the rules governing the envisaged activities and itsimplementation, its infrastructure and services, the participants, the EU budget for the 2023-2027 period, the forms ofUnion funding and the rules for providing such funding.

Briefing EN

Ensuring the safety of machines in the digital age: Revision of the Machinery DirectiveTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 06-07-2022Autor RAGONNAUD Guillaume

Ámbito político Mercado interior y unión aduaneraResumen The current Machinery Directive (Directive 2006/42/EC) was designed to allow the free movement of machinery within

the internal market, while ensuring a high level of protection of health and safety of users. To reduce the occurrence ofaccidents, it promotes inherently safe design and construction of machinery, and proper installation and maintenance.On 21 April 2021, the Commission put forward a proposal for a regulation on machinery products, part of a wider'artificial intelligence package'. The need for an update stemmed in particular from recent developments in digitaltechnologies, such as artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and robotics, which have raised new safetychallenges. The proposed revision also intends to ensure more coherent interpretation of the scope and definitions,enhance safety for traditional technologies, reassess machines considered as 'high risk' and the conformityassessment procedures, reduce paper-based requirements for documentation, ensure coherence with other productsafety legislation and avoid divergences in interpretation stemming from transposition. On 3 May 2022, Parliament'sCommittee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO) adopted its report, along with the decision to enterinto interinstitutional negotiations, with the committee report as mandate. The plenary endorsed that decision on 20May 2022, opening the way for the committee to start interinstitutional negotiations with the Council. First edition. The'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

The EU Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian region (EUSAIR)Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 06-07-2022Autor D'AMBROGIO Enrico | VAN LIEROP Christiaan

Ámbito político Desarrollo regionalResumen Launched in 2014, the EU strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian region (EUSAIR) is the third macro-regional strategy

(MRS) to have been set after those for the Baltic Sea region and the Danube region. With the recent inclusion of NorthMacedonia and San Marino, the strategy now covers four EU Member States and six third countries, mostly from theWestern Balkans, one of its goals being to facilitate the EU enlargement process of countries from this region. TheEUSAIR is unique in that it is the only EU macro-regional strategy in which EU candidate and potential candidatecountries outnumber the participating EU Member States. The Adriatic and Ionian region faces a number ofchallenges, including environmental degradation, inefficient transport connections and insufficiently close cross-bordercooperation. To help address these challenges jointly, the strategy has been shaped around four pillars: blue growth;connecting the region; environmental quality; and sustainable tourism. As with other macro-regional strategies, theEUSAIR does not have its own budget. Its implementation therefore depends on the mobilisation of funds from otherrelevant sources (EU, national, regional and private) and on the well-coordinated use of available funding instrumentsat different levels, in particular the European structural and investment funds for EU countries and the Instrument forPre-accession Assistance for non-EU ones. To fully harness this potential, the process of embedding the MRSpriorities in the 2021-2027 national/regional EU funding programmes is key to its successful implementation. Recentyears have seen a number of developments that could strengthen the EUSAIR. In particular, the post-2020 cohesionpolicy framework has introduced measures such as new thematic concentration requirements, Interreg-specificobjectives and rules on the participation of MRS players, which can deliver more targeted funding, boost administrativecapacity and increase political ownership and awareness. Yet, while MRS initiatives remain relatively unknown, theirimportance should not be under-estimated. The events of recent months in Ukraine have only served to highlight thebenefits of cooperation between neighbouring countries. This Briefing updates one of October 2015 by VasileiosMargaras.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 17

Europe's PegasusGate: Countering spyware abuseTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 06-07-2022Autor MILDEBRATH Hendrik Alexander

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaResumen As civil society and media organisations expose EU Member States for using the Pegasus commercial spyware, one of

the most high-profile spying scandals of recent years is coming to light in Europe. Member States' intelligenceagencies have been accused of abusing highly sophisticated spyware to surveil opposition figures, journalists, lawyers,and high-ranking state officials. 'Having regard to the European Union's attachment to the values and principles ofliberty, democracy and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and of the rule of law', the EuropeanParliament has set up a committee of inquiry. This study (i) introduces the Pegasus product's features and tradingpractices, (ii) surveys Pegasus operations and reactions, (iii) identifies transversal and country-specific legal concerns,and (iv) sketches possible ways forward in the public and private sectors.

Estudio EN

Cohesion Policy in Northernmost Regions of the EUTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 06-07-2022Autor externo Erik Gløersen, Spatial Foresight GmbH

Ámbito político Desarrollo regionalResumen Northern Sparsely Populated Areas (NSPAs) have high economic potentials. Proactive public policies are needed to

unlock them by overcoming key demographic challenges, making it possible for companies to recruit skilled staff andenhancing the welfare and quality of life of their populations. The study describes measures implemented to this endunder EU Cohesion Policy. It suggests that more integrated approaches could help address these challenges in amore effective way and preserve territorial cohesion within NSPA regions.

Estudio EN

Simone Veil, European political pioneerTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 05-07-2022Autor PERCHOC Philippe

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen Simone Veil, the first President of the directly elected European Parliament in 1979, and the first woman to hold the

office, died on 30 June 2017, at the age of 89. A prominent French public figure beyond her years in office, she leavesan important and enduring legacy. This is an update of an 'At a glance' note from July 2017.

De un vistazo EN, FR

The 2022 G7 Summit: Against the backdrop of Russia's war on UkraineTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 05-07-2022Autor SZCZEPANSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Gobernanza globalResumen The 48th G7 Summit took place at Schloss Elmau, Germany, on 26-28 June 2022. Russia's war on Ukraine has

heavily affected the G7's deliberations this year and created pressing new global challenges that were discussed bothin the preparatory meetings and at the summit itself. The resulting communiqué focuses on supporting Ukraine, onreducing the impact of the war on the global economy, security of supply and prices of energy and food, climatechallenges and the new G7 partnership for infrastructure and investment in developing countries.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 18

Reporting on SDG implementation: UN mechanisms and the EU approachTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 05-07-2022Autor PICHON Eric

Ámbito político Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Gobernanza globalPalabra clave desarrollo sostenible | ONU | papel internacional de la UE | recogida de datos

Resumen Adopted in 2015 by the United Nations (UN), the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development – 'the blueprint to achievea better and more sustainable future for all' – clearly links the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) that itintroduced to a series of targets to be reached by 2030. The 2030 Agenda includes a detailed mechanism to monitorprogress with regard to these targets. At the core of this mechanism are a number of quantified indicators for eachtarget that are regularly revised by the UN and other international agencies. These agencies and the EU providesupport to national statistical services across the world in collecting data for the SDG indicators in order to gatherreliable and comparable datasets. These data feed the voluntary national reports that countries prepare to exchangegood practices and advice on tackling the challenges they encounter in implementing their SDG strategies. High-levelforums take stock of both progress and weaknesses in implementation, so as to ensure that everybody is on track inpursuing the SDGs. The EU has long experience in collecting consistent data from its Member States. The EuropeanUnion Statistical Office (Eurostat) has created a set of sustainable development indicators that provide a goodoverview of progress within the EU. EU development cooperation services have devised a framework of indicators toassess how EU support contributes to other countries' implementation of the SDGs. However, the EuropeanParliament and other stakeholders regret that the spill-over effect of EU policies on third countries remains a blind spotin the evaluation of the EU's contribution to the SDGs. Although technical in nature, SDG indicators and data also havea political dimension, as they clearly measure countries' and other stakeholders' achievements against their owncommitments. This is an update of a Briefing published in December 2019.

Briefing EN

Revision of the LULUCF Regulation: Strengthening the role of the land use, land-use change and forestrysector in climate action

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 05-07-2022Autor JENSEN LISELOTTE

Ámbito político Medio ambientePalabra clave efecto invernadero | estrategia de la UE | impacto ambiental | política de medio ambiente de la UE | reducción de las

emisiones de gas | reglamento (UE) | vigilancia del medio ambienteResumen To align regulations and policies with the legally binding goals – delivering, by 2030, a 55 % net greenhouse gas

emissions reduction compared to 1990, and reaching climate neutrality in Europe by 2050 – on 14 July the EuropeanCommission presented its first proposals under the 'fit for 55' package. One of these proposals involves amendingRegulation (EU) 2018/841 on emissions and removals from land use, land-use change and forestry (the LULUCFRegulation). Among the main changes envisaged are to merge, as of 2030, the LULUCF sector with the non-CO2agricultural sector in a new climate pillar, which would have to achieve climate neutrality by 2035. Moreover, by 2030,LULUCF carbon removals would have to increase to 310 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (CO2e). For the post-2025period, the Commission would set individual targets for each Member State. The proposal was referred to theEuropean Parliament's Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), which appointed VilleNiinistö (Greens/EFA, Finland) as rapporteur. ENVI adopted its report on 17 May 2022, and Parliament adopted itsposition in plenary on 8 June. The Environment Council adopted its general approach during its meeting of 28 June2022. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislativeprocedure.

Briefing EN

Review of the EU ETS: 'Fit for 55' packageTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 05-07-2022Autor ERBACH Gregor

Ámbito político Medio ambientePalabra clave contaminación por barcos | derechos de emisión de la UE | gas con efecto invernadero | lucha contra la contaminación

| permiso de contaminación negociable | política de medio ambiente de la UE | propuesta (UE) | reducción de lasemisiones de gas | reservas | régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE | transporte marítimo

Resumen As part of the 'Fit for 55' package, the Commission presented a legislative proposal to review the EU EmissionsTrading System (ETS). The aim of the review is to align the EU ETS Directive with the EU target set out in theEuropean Climate Law to reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 55 % by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. Tothis end, the amount of emission allowances would be reduced, fewer allowances would be allocated for free, and theETS would be extended to maritime transport. This would reduce emissions in the ETS sectors by 61 % by 2030,compared to 2005. A separate new emissions trading system would be established for fuel distribution for roadtransport and buildings. The Innovation Fund and the Modernisation Fund would be enlarged, and Member Stateswould be obliged to spend all of their ETS revenues on climate action. In the European Parliament, the proposal hasbeen referred to the Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), with Peter Liese (EPP,Germany) as rapporteur. The Parliament adopted its position in the June II 2022 session, and the Council adopted itsgeneral approach on 29 June 2022, enabling the launch of trilogue negotiations. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation inProgress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Multimedia Review of the EU ETS: 'Fit for 55' package

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 19

CO2 emission standards for new cars and vans: 'Fit for 55' packageTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 05-07-2022Autor ERBACH Gregor

Ámbito político Medio ambientePalabra clave automóvil | combustible sustitutivo | consumo de energía | contaminación por vehículos automotores | energía

renovable | gas con efecto invernadero | política de medio ambiente de la UE | propuesta (UE) | reducción de lasemisiones de gas | vehículo de motor | vehículo industrial ligero | vehículo no contaminante

Resumen On 14 July 2021, as part of the 'fit for 55' package, the Commission presented a legislative proposal for a revision ofthe Regulation setting CO2 emission performance standards for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles (vans).To raise the contribution of the road transport sector to the EU's climate targets, the proposal sets more ambitious2030 targets for reducing the CO2 emissions of new cars and vans and allows only zero-emission vehicles from 2035.In the European Parliament, the proposal has been referred to the Committee on Environment, Public Health and FoodSafety (ENVI), with Jan Huitema (Renew, the Netherlands) as rapporteur. The Parliament adopted its position duringthe June I 2022 plenary session, and the Council adopted its general approach on 29 June 2022, meaning triloguenegotiations can commence. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stagesthroughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Recovery and Resilience Plans: the involvement of stakeholders and their viewTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 05-07-2022Autor LEHOFER WOLFGANG | ZSITNAK ALEXANDRA

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosPalabra clave Centro Europeo de Investigación y Documentación Parlamentaria | Comité Económico y Social Europeo | COSAC |

independencia económica | Parlamento nacional | política económica | recuperación económica | transición económicaResumen This paper provides an overview of stakeholders’ activities at national, regional and local level, in relation to national

Recovery and Resilience Plans (RRPs). The overview is based on two surveys, recently conducted. Furthermore, itpresents the latest opinions and assessments by EU stakeholders and other relevant institutions and bodies on theimplementation of these plans. This paper is a follow-up of previous EGOV publications on the involvement and viewsexpressed by stakeholders in the context of the recovery and resilience plans.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Country-Specific Recommendations for 2022 - A comparison of Commission and Council textsTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 05-07-2022Autor GRIGAITE KRISTINA | HECSER ADRIANA HAJNALK | ZORPIDIS ANDREAS | ZSITNAK ALEXANDRA

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen This document compares the draft 2022 Country Specific Recommendations (CSRs) proposed by the Commission on

23 May 2022 with the 2022 CSRs adopted by the Council on 17 June 2022. The comparison is provided in order tofacilitate the assessment of the "comply or explain" rule stipulated in Article 2-ab(2) of EU Regulation No 1175/2011:"The Council is expected to, as a rule, follow the recommendations and proposals of the Commission or explain itsposition publicly".

Estudio EN

What if microbial protein could help reverse climate change?Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 04-07-2022Autor ANTUNES LUISA

Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo rural | Medio ambiente | Política de investigación | Protección de los consumidores | Saludpública | Seguridad alimentaria

Resumen Demographic, socio-political and economic pressures have made eating meat an unsustainable practice for the longterm. However, meat substitutes have proved unpopular, owing to social norms and a lack of trust; some alternativesalso contribute heavily to climate change. Could microbial protein be a sustainable alternative to meat that not onlysolves these multidimensional pressures but also contributes actively to reversing climate change?

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 20

Peace, justice and strong institutions: EU support for implementing SDG 16 worldwideTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 04-07-2022Autor ZAMFIR Ionel

Ámbito político Desarrollo y ayuda humanitariaPalabra clave democracia | derechos humanos | desarrollo sostenible | funcionamiento institucional | integración social | intervención

normativa | mantenimiento de la paz | política de la UEResumen The 16th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG16) to 'Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable

development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels'represents a new milestone compared with the earlier millennium development goals. While several of its targets (suchas peace, corruption-free institutions and freedom from violence) were once seen as prerequisites of sustainabledevelopment, the adoption of SDG16 marked the first time that they were globally recognised as developmentobjectives in themselves. To achieve universal recognition, SDG16 leaves out explicit reference to internationallyrecognised political and civil rights norms, attracting some criticism. Its very general scope has also stirred controversyregarding the type of data required in order to assess progress rigorously. The state of play with regard to theimplementation of SDG16 indicates that substantial progress is still needed in order to achieve the SDG targets by2030. Violent conflicts continue to affect many parts of the world, societal violence remains widespread in manycountries and violence against children in particular remains a pervasive phenomenon, especially in developingcountries. The pandemic has erased much previous progress on the SDGs, and led to restrictions on freedoms andmore limited government accountability. The war in Ukraine, meanwhile, with its negative spill-overs on other SDGsdemonstrates once more the crucial role of peace. The EU has committed to contributing to the achievement of all theSDGs, and the specific targets of SDG16 have been given special recognition. From the Global Strategy to the 'newconsensus on development', various policy documents acknowledge the crucial role of peace, democracy, humanrights and the rule of law for sustainable development. The interconnection between the pursuit of these fundamentalvalues and EU efforts to help developing countries achieve the SDGs is obvious in numerous measures undertaken inthe framework of EU external action. The European Parliament is a strong champion for these values in the world. Thisis an update of a Briefing published in February 2020.

Briefing EN

New EU scheme of generalised preferencesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 04-07-2022Autor ZAMFIR Ionel

Ámbito político Comercio internacionalPalabra clave acceso al mercado | arancel preferencial | ayuda al desarrollo | desarrollo sostenible | mercado de la UE | país en

desarrollo | política comercial común | preferencias generalizadas | propuesta (UE) | sociedad civil (movimientos deopinión)

Resumen On 21 September 2021, the Commission published its proposal for a new EU scheme of generalised preferences(GSP). Two of the current scheme's three components are due to expire at the end of 2023, which would deprivedeveloping countries of a vital opportunity to trade under preferential terms with the EU. Therefore, renewing thescheme appears to be both a necessity and an opportunity to strengthen its conditionality in the light of lessonslearned and the increased urgency for dealing with the climate. The Commission considers that the scheme hasdelivered on its objectives, and proposes some 'fine-tuning'. To ensure that its benefits remain broadly shared, itproposes changes to the economic vulnerability criteria for the special incentive strand of the scheme GSP+ and to theproduct graduation threshold for Standard GSP. Taking on board proposals from civil society, but also from theParliament, the Commission proposes to extend negative conditionality to environmental and good governanceconventions, and to improve monitoring and stakeholders' involvement overall. Civil society organisations and otherstakeholders have put forward some more ambitious proposals, such as making the monitoring fully transparent andrewarding countries that fulfil jointly agreed benchmarks related to the conventions under the GSP with additionalpreferences. Second edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout thelegislative procedure.

Briefing EN

The political system of the Republic of KoreaTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 04-07-2022Autor JOCHHEIM Ulrich

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Following the division of the Korean peninsula into a southern and a northern part at the end of the Second World War,

the Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established in its southern part in 1948. The 1950 attack by the communistregime established in the northern part provoked a three-year war, which completely devastated the peninsula. Whenan armistice was signed in 1953, the Republic of Korea was one of the poorest countries in the world. Its politicalsystem was marked by a very strong attitude of anti-communism, which manifested itself in the strict application of the1948 National Security Law. Following the military coup of 1961, two successive presidents – Park and Chun –focused on the promotion of the country's economic development, while suppressing civil liberties and politicalfreedoms. The end of authoritarianism in 1987 and the successful transition to a well-functioning democracy weremarked by the rewriting of the Constitution and the democratic transfer of power to an opposition candidate in 1997-1998. The Constitution of the Sixth Republic gives a very strong role to the office of the president, who not only has theright to introduce bills but also has very extensive powers in cases of an emergency. The legislative branch ofgovernment is incarnated by the unicameral Parliament, the Korean National Assembly (NKA). Among itscompetences is the right to launch an impeachment motion against the president, a right the KNA successfullyexercised in December 2016. The judicial power is held by the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, both ofwhich in March 2017 upheld the impeachment, leading to the removal of President Park and new presidentialelections. The rising importance of women in the National Assembly and the peaceful character of the 2016-2017events are a sign of the maturity of Korea's democracy, but the role of the chaebol (industrial conglomerates) inparticular remains a challenge to the smooth functioning of Korea's democratic order.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 21

Energy poverty in the EUTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 04-07-2022Autor WIDUTO Agnieszka

Ámbito político EnergíaResumen In 2020, about 36 million Europeans were unable to keep their homes adequately warm. Energy poverty is a multi-

dimensional phenomenon, considered to be caused by a combination of low income, high energy expenses, and poorenergy efficiency in buildings. The EU has been addressing this issue in various legislative and non-legislativeinitiatives, most recently in the context of its climate policies and energy transition. The Gas and Electricity Directivescall for the protection of vulnerable consumers, and the Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency of Buildings Directivesrequire measures to alleviate energy poverty alongside efficiency efforts. The 'renovation wave' initiative under theEuropean Green Deal aims to boost structural renovation in private and public buildings, while the Social Climate Fundincludes households in energy poverty among its main beneficiaries. The 2020 European Commissionrecommendation on the topic defines energy poverty as a situation in which households are unable to access essentialenergy services. It also provides a set of indicators relating for instance to the inability to keep a home adequatelywarm, arrears on utility bills, and a high share of income spent on energy bills. At the same time, no binding EU-leveldefinition currently exists, and the proposed indicator set is not monitored systematically by Eurostat. A number ofpossible policy options exist to address energy poverty under energy policy, social policy, or a mix of various regulatorysolutions. Specific measures range from price regulation and tax breaks, to limits on disconnection, to social tariffs,energy efficiency improvements, and energy savings. Against the backdrop of security of energy supply concerns, theexpected further rise in energy prices, and the ongoing EU transition to climate neutrality, the issue of energy povertywill be a crucial one in the months and years to come.

Briefing EN

Recovery and Resilience Plans - public documentsTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 04-07-2022Autor HECSER ADRIANA HAJNALK | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA | TURCU OVIDIU IONUT

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen This document provides summarised and tabular information on the Recovery and Resilience Plans. It will be regularly

updated.Análisis en profundidad EN

The European Parliament and the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 01-07-2022Autor KAISER WOLFRAM KARL WILHELM | VINTILA NICOLAE-SERGIU

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | CulturaResumen Looking back on the implosion of the Soviet Union in late 1991, this Briefing reflects on the debate in the Parliament

about its possible consequences at the time. It shows that a clear majority of MEPs initially remained keen on thetransformation of the Soviet Union into some kind of 'new Union'. They were concerned both about the dire economicsituation in several Soviet republics, and about the maintenance of effective control over the Soviet Union's hugenuclear arsenal. Since 1988 the EP, like the European Community in its entirety, had treated the case of the threeBaltic republics as distinct. After all, Western countries had never recognised their illegal occupation and integrationinto the Soviet Union by Stalin. In contrast, the EP debates and resolutions hardly addressed the long-term future ofthe remaining post-Soviet space, including Ukraine and Moldova, which was not yet seen as a direct or primaryconcern of the Community at the time of the negotiations leading up to its transformation into the European Union withthe Maastricht Treaty. As this Briefing also shows, however, some MEPs across the political divide were alreadyexpressing their deep concerns about the possible revival of Russian imperialism as a threat to its neighbours and achallenge to the European Community / European Union.

Briefing EN

Economic repercussions of Russia’s war on Ukraine – Weekly Digest 1 JulyTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 01-07-2022Autor DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | HAGELSTAM Kajus | MAGNUS Marcel

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen This paper provides a summary of recent economic, financial and budgetary decisions and developments following

President Vladimir Putin’s decision of 24 February to start a military attack against Ukraine. It includes recentinformation relating to the EU sanctions regime, recent economic estimates, and policies supporting economic andfinancial resilience, including the coordination of national economic and fiscal measures. It also highlights policyrecommendations made in the public domain to mitigate any adverse economic, financial and social effects and tosupport economic recovery in the EU and the Euro Area.

Análisis en profundidad EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 22

Russia's war against Ukraine: Support for the seafood sector using leftover 2014-2020 budgetTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor SCHOLAERT FREDERIK

Ámbito político PescaResumen The Russian war against Ukraine has led to high operating costs for the seafood sector. In late March 2022, the EU

responded with temporary State aid and exceptional support for the current programming period under the EuropeanMaritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF). On 23 April 2022, the Commission adopted a new proposalamending the fund for the 2014-2020 programming period, so that its remaining budget can also be used to supportthe sector. During the July plenary session, Parliament is due to vote on its position on the file.

De un vistazo EN

RefuelEU AviationTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor SOONE Jaan

Ámbito político TransporteResumen On 14 July 2021, the European Commission presented the 'fit for 55' package – a set of proposals to make the EU's

climate, energy, land-use, transport and taxation policies fit to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55 %by 2030. The package includes the ReFuelEU Aviation initiative to increase the supply of sustainable aviation fuels atEU airports. Following a vote in its Committee on Transport and Tourism, Parliament is expected to vote on its positionat its plenary session in July.

De un vistazo EN

Outcome of the 2022 WTO ministerial conference: Is the glass half-empty or half-full?Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor GRIEGER Gisela

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen From 12 to 17 June 2022, the World Trade Organization (WTO) held an extended 12th ministerial conference (MC12),

after it had been postponed twice owing to the pandemic. Although the outcome of the MC12 was the result of hard-won compromises, it covers a wide range of key agenda items and may be said to provide new momentum for theWTO, which critics have often portrayed as moribund. The WTO has proved its centrality for crafting multilateralsolutions for global challenges, notably against the backdrop of rising geopolitical tensions.

De un vistazo EN

The role of tax incentives in corporate taxationTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor BAERT Pieter

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | FiscalidadResumen While business tax incentives are used widely, concerns have been raised in recent years regarding their

effectiveness, their impact on public finances and whether they could potentially distort the EU single market. Withimportant innovation challenges ahead relating to the green and digital twin transition, tax incentives are increasinglybeing used to boost investment in the area of research and development.

De un vistazo EN

Research for REGI Committee - Social Challenges in CitiesTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor KOŁODZIEJSKI Marek | OSTANSKA KINGA

Autor externo Iselin MULVIK, Eigirdas SABALIAUSKAS, Hanna SIAROVA, Kristupas PRIBUIŠIS, Joanna KOSTKAÁmbito político Desarrollo regional

Resumen This At a glance note sumarises the study that explores social challenges and policy responses in EU cities in thecontext of the COVID-19 pandemic. It demonstrates that the pandemic has placed additional pressures on vulnerablegroups and the institutions that work to support them. It finds that the local policy capacity to respond to the crisis hasdiffered across cities and multi-level governance settings. Participatory and integrated policy efforts have often failed tomeet the expectations of urban citizens and stakeholders. To move towards urban resilience in times of crisis, EU-levelfunding needs to become more accessible and focused on long-term transformations, as well as improving policydialogue with those cities most limited by ineffective local governance structures and historical legacies.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 23

Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights - July 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-06-2022Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Control presupuestario | Democracia | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional

y parlamentario | Derechos humanos | Educación | Medio ambiente | Pesca | Presupuesto | TransporteResumen The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments,

including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.De un vistazo EN

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in EU regionsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor WIDUTO Agnieszka

Ámbito político Desarrollo regionalPalabra clave cohesión económica y social | convergencia económica | desarrollo regional | desarrollo sostenible | economía verde |

estrategia de crecimiento de la UE | ONU | política de la UE | Semestre EuropeoResumen The Sustainable Development Goals were established in 2015 as part of the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for

Sustainable Development. The signatories adopted a policy framework with 17 goals, addressing issues such aspoverty, hunger, health and wellbeing, education, gender equality, environment and climate, strong institutions, peaceand justice. Sustainable development aims at balancing social, economic and environmental aspects, seeing them asinterconnected. The European Union (EU) has contributed to both setting and implementing the SDGs. It hascommitted to deliver on the 2030 Agenda through its internal and external policies, as outlined in the Towards aSustainable Europe by 2030 reflection paper, the European Green Deal and the European Commission's politicalpriorities and work programme. To measure their progress towards achieving the goals, EU Member States preparevoluntary national reviews, in line with UN guidelines. EU-level progress is measured through a set of indicatorsadapted to the EU context, and Eurostat publishes annual monitoring reports on the results. The objectives of theSDGs were integrated into the European Semester in 2019. The SDGs also have a regional dimension, sometimescalled 'localisation'. Achieving around 65 % of the targets is estimated to depend on input from local and regionalauthorities. Numerous regions and cities, including in the EU, have expressed support for the SDGs and many haveintegrated them in their policy frameworks. Efforts to localise the SDGs are ongoing and regional achievements arefeatured in the national reviews presented at international conferences. Monitoring SDGs at the regional level can thushelp support the overall implementation of the SDGs, reinforce national efforts, support regional developmentstrategies, and provide a broader picture of within-country trends. The European Parliament has expressed its supportfor an EU sustainable development strategy and enhanced involvement of regional, local and civil society stakeholdersin SDG implementation. This is an update of an earlier briefing published in December 2020.

Briefing EN

Multimedia Sustainable Development Goals in EU regions

Setting ecodesign requirements for sustainable productsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor VIKOLAINEN Vera

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex ante | Mercado interior y unión aduaneraResumen This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impact

assessment (IA) accompanying the above-mentioned proposal, submitted on 30 March 2022 and referred to theEuropean Parliament's Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI). The proposal aims torepeal the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC, which establishes a framework for adopting product-specificrequirements set out in implementing measures (usually regulations) by the European Commission. Until recently, thedirective focused mainly on the energy efficiency of products and since 2019 also on their lifetime (e.g. availability ofspare parts for a certain number of years after the last item has been placed on the market). It currently covers 29energy-related product groups, ranging from ventilation systems to high-pressure cleaners. The new proposal for aRegulation would establish a framework for setting Ecodesign requirements that would apply to all physical productson the internal market (with a few exceptions), with the aim of making them more durable, reusable, reparable,upgradeable, recyclable and generally less harmful to the environment. Product specific requirements would be set outlater, in delegated acts, for each product group separately. The proposal was first announced in the European GreenDeal, and then confirmed in the Circular Economy action plan, alongside a communication on making sustainableproducts the norm and a proposal for a directive empowering consumers for the green transition. The Commissionincluded the present proposal in Annex I of its 2021 work programme (new initiatives) and the 2022 joint declaration onlegislative priorities.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 24

Priority dossiers under the Czech EU Council PresidencyTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor NADKARNI ISABEL

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen Czechia is a parliamentary republic with a head of government – the prime minister – and a head of state – the

president. The current Prime Minister is Petr Fiala, from the Civic Democratic Party (ODS). He has been in office sinceNovember 2021 and was preceded by Andrej Babiš (2017-2021), the founder of the party ANO 2011. Czech PresidentMiloš Zeman was first elected to the post in 2013 and had previously served as prime minister, from 1998 to 2002. Thesupreme executive body is the government. It is led by the prime minister and appointed by the president of therepublic. The president also appoints other government members based on the prime minister's recommendations.Before it is installed, the government must win a vote of confidence in the Chamber of Deputies. The Spolu alliance,formed for the 2021 legislative election, was composed of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), KDU-ČSL (Christian andDemocratic Union), and TOP 09 (Tradition, Responsibility, Prosperity). It currently governs the country in a coalitionwith the Pirates and Mayors' alliance. The Czech Parliament is bicameral. The upper house is the Senate (81members elected for six years) and the lower house is the Chamber of Deputies (200 members elected for four years).There are currently seven parties in the Chamber of Deputies. All of these parties except the SPD also have seats inthe Senate, where the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) and the Green Party (Z) also have seats. TheCommunist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM) holds no seats in the Chamber or the Senate but has one electedmember of the European Parliament and representatives at regional level. Czechia will hold the Presidency of theCouncil of the EU for the second time. The previous time was in the first half of 2009, coinciding with the last months ofthe sixth legislative term of the European Parliament and with the European elections, held between 4 and 7 June2009. The programme of the Trio formed together with France and Sweden has as its thematic priorities to protectcitizens and freedoms; to promote a new growth and investment model for Europe; to build a climate-neutral, green,fair and social Europe; and to promote Europe's interests and values in the world.

Briefing EN

Russia’s war on Ukraine and food security [What Think Tanks are thinking]Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Seguridad alimentariaResumen Russia’s war on Ukraine has sent global food prices soaring. It has fuelled inflation in the European Union, the United

States and many other countries, while threatening hunger in some poorer regions. Russia and Ukraine play a majorrole in food and fertiliser supply. They export about 30 per cent of the world’s wheat and 75 per cent of its sunflower oil.Some countries in Africa and the Middle East are nearly 100-per cent dependent on Russian or Ukrainian food.According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, food prices in May were up by nearly 30 per centfrom a year earlier. Western countries are debating a plan to open up supply chains, for example by unblockingUkrainian ports on the Black Sea, and to provide food financing to developing countries. This note gathers links to therecent publications and commentaries from international think tanks on the impact of the war on global and Europeanfood markets. Analyses on the Ukraine war and its implications for the energy market can be found in a previousedition of the ‘What Think Tanks are Thinking’ series.

Briefing EN

Better regulation in the EU: Improving quality and reducing delaysTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor externo Siôn Jones, Greta Dohler, Luke Pate

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Control presupuestario |Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos |Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluación de impacto ex ante | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticasen la práctica | Fiscalidad | Gobernanza global | Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Peticiones al Parlamento Europeo| Planificación prospectiva | Presupuesto | Protección de los consumidores | Semestre Europeo | Transposición yaplicación de la legislación

Resumen This briefing, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and ConstitutionalAffairs at the request of the JURI Committee, provides recommendations for better regulation in the EU by improvingquality and reducing delays. It points at significant actual and potential benefits from EU legislative initiativesamounting to over €2,200bn as well as costs of slow Europe of €319 billion in lost annual benefits.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 25

Multilateralism and Democracy. A European Parliament perspectiveTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor DAMEN Mario

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | Democracia | Derecho internacional público | Derechos humanos |Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Gobernanza global | Seguridad y defensa

Resumen This analysis looks into the complex relationship between two trends in international governance: an increase inmultilateral arrangements between countries in order to govern internationally on the one hand, and a lack ofdemocratic control over the decisions taken by multilateral organisations or conferences on the other. Multilateralism inthe modern sense refers to an international mode of operation involving peaceful negotiations and diplomacy, alsoreferred to as a ‘rules-based international order’ or ‘rules-based multilateralism’. Several European countries haverecently launched initiatives in support of multilateralism, in reaction to the increasingly unilateral behaviour of statesundermining the existing rules-based international order. Apart from the European Union, no other multilateralorganisation has a parliamentary body with the competence to block or amend its decisions, which indicates that thereis a democratic deficit in these multilateral organisations. An initial response to such a democratic deficit is theinvolvement of national parliaments in international decision-making. This is known as ‘parliamentary diplomacy’.Secondly, the involvement of civil society in international decision-making through protests, petitions, consultations orparticipation can also enhance democracy. Thirdly, the organisation of national referenda on international decisionscan be used by national governments or citizens’ initiatives to increase democratic legitimacy. Fourthly, a lack ofdemocracy at international level can also be countered by creating an ‘alliance of democracies’, aimed at multilateralcooperation between democratic countries rather than the democratisation of multilateral organisations. These aremostly alliances of Western countries, which risks emphasising the differences between West and East or North andSouth. Three short case studies of parliamentary diplomacy with the strong involvement of the European Parliament(the Parliamentary Conference on the World Trade Organization (WTO), delegations to the Conferences of Parties ofclimate change agreements and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly) show that enhancing multilateral democracy isnot the only aim of parliamentary diplomacy and that each case reveals a different mix between the ‘parliamentary’aspect of democratisation and the ‘diplomacy’ aspects of information exchange or influencing.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Macro-Financial Assistance to EU Member States . State of Play – June 2022Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosPalabra clave apoyo a la balanza de pagos | balanza de pagos | convergencia económica | cooperación económica | cooperación

monetaria | Estado miembro UE | Fondo Monetario Internacional | macroeconomía | Mecanismo Europeo deEstabilidad

Resumen This document provides regularly updated information on EU Member States which have received financial assistancefrom the ESM, the EFSF, the EFSM, the EU balance of payments assistance facility, other Member States and/or theIMF. Since August 2018, all financial assistance programmes to EU Member States have been concluded; therefore,the document focuses on the implementation of the enhanced surveillance framework for Greece and post-programmereviews for Ireland, Portugal, Cyprus, Spain and Romania, undertaken by the European Commission (EC) and, whenrelevant, in liaison with the ECB (Post-Programme Surveillance, PPS), the IMF (Post-Programme Monitoring, PPM,and Article IV assessments) and the ESM (Early Warning System, EWS).

Análisis en profundidad EN

Assessment of the potential of sustainable fuels in transport in the context of the Ukraine/Russia crisisTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor externo Pierpaolo CAZZOLA, Marine GORNER, Frank GERARD, Melanie HOBSON, Katrina YOUNG, Peter LEMOINE, Joris

MOERENHOUT, Victor DE HAASÁmbito político Transporte

Resumen This briefing provides the European Parliament’s Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN) with an overview of thepotential of sustainable fuels in transport in the context of the current Ukraine/Russia crisis. It assesses biofuel’spotential to quickly ramp up, the impact on LNG demand in the EU transport sector, and the potential use of gaspipelines repurposed for hydrogen.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Resumen ejecutivo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 26

Assessment of current initiatives of the European Commission on better regulationTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor externo RENDA Andrea

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Democracia en la UE, Derechoinstitucional y parlamentario | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Espacio de libertad, seguridad yjusticia | Evaluación de impacto ex ante | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Medio ambiente |Planificación prospectiva | Semestre Europeo | Transposición y aplicación de la legislación

Resumen This in-depth analysis commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights andConstitutional Affairs at the request of the JURI Committee, looks at the past and current developments in the EUbetter regulation agenda. The author finds that, despite important achievements that put the EU at the forefront in thisfield, many of the most ambitious reforms announced over the past few years are still far from complete. The in-depthanalysis offers several policy recommendations.

Análisis en profundidad EN

New technologies and new digital solutions for improved safety of products on the internal marketTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor externo Gaëtan COATANROCH, Technopolis Reda NAUSEDAITE, Technopolis Morgane VEILLET LAVALLEE, Technopolis

Ivette OOMENS, Technopolis Maarten BOTTERMAN, GNKS Consult Jonathan CAVE, GNKS Consult ElmarCLOOSTERMAN, Technopolis Clara THEBERT, Technopolis Frank ALLEWELDT, Civic Consulting (second reader)

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Mercadointerior y unión aduanera | Protección de los consumidores

Resumen The General Product Safety Directive is a cornerstone of the EU product safety legislative framework. Issues andemerging trends have however impacted the effectiveness of the current Directive. This study examines how newtechnologies and digital solutions can help improve consumers’ awareness, while also guaranteeing a better safety ofthe products placed on the Single Market. The study formulates recommendations that provide a framework for thebetter alignment of existing legislation on product safety and digital services, as well as the European Communitysustainability objectives. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality ofLife Policies at the request of the committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO).

Estudio EN

The proposed Anti-Money Laundering Authority, FIU cooperation, powers and exchanges of informationTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 30-06-2022Autor externo Silvia ALLEGREZZA

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Asuntos financieros y bancariosResumen This study evaluates selected aspects of the Commission's AML/CFT reform package presented on 20 July 2021,

focusing on two main topics. First, it analyses the AML Authority direct supervisory powers and their effectiveness.Second, it illustrates how the reform package intends to foster coordination and information sharing among the FIUs.Recommendations are provided in order to remedy the gaps and weaknesses identified. This document was providedby the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the committee onEconomic and Monetary Affairs (ECON)

Estudio EN

European Council: facts and figuresTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor DRACHENBERG Ralf

Ámbito político DemocraciaResumen The European Council brings together the Heads of State or Government of the 27 EU Member States in regular

'summit' meetings which seek to define the overall political direction and priorities of the European Union. This Briefingoffers a selection of key facts and figures about this institution, detailing its membership, role, work and developmentover time.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 27

Informe de 2021 sobre SerbiaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Serbia, que cuenta con una población de 6,9 millones de habitantes, avanza hacia la adhesión a la Unión desde 2012,

cuando obtuvo el estatuto de país candidato. A pesar de que ha realizado algunos progresos, Serbia se enfrenta atres grandes retos: mejorar el diálogo político interno, alcanzar un acuerdo de normalización global y jurídicamentevinculante con Kosovo* y garantizar una mayor adaptación a la política exterior de la Unión. Está previsto que laposición del Parlamento sobre el informe anual de 2021 de la Comisión Europea se vote durante el período parcial desesiones de julio de 2022.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Climate change and energy transition: The end of coal?Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor NOONAN EAMONN | WIDUTO Agnieszka

Ámbito político Energía | Medio ambienteResumen Accounting for about one quarter of global primary energy supply, coal is used mainly for power generation, heating,

and in industries such as iron, steel and cement manufacturing. It provides almost 40 % of global electricity productionand is responsible for over 40 % of energy-related CO2 emissions. While the global use of coal is driven by emergingeconomies in Asia, the West – and Europe in particular – is seeing a sharp decline in coal use because of air pollution,climate policies and, in some cases, cheaper alternatives. The Covid 19 pandemic caused a further drop in coaldemand in 2020 (with a rebound in 2021). However, the recent dramatic rise in gas prices, concerns over gas supplylinked to Russia's ongoing war in Ukraine and the EU embargo on coal imports from Russia may slow down coal exitprocesses.

De un vistazo EN

Legislar mejor: aunar fuerzas para mejorar la legislaciónTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor LECERF Marie

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen El objetivo de legislar mejor es hacer la legislación y las políticas de la Unión Europea más simples, concretas y

fáciles de cumplir. Desde principios de los años 2000, legislar mejor ha sido una prioridad en la agenda europea. Enabril de 2021, la Comisión Europea publicó una nueva comunicación sobre legislar mejor. El Parlamento debatirá ysometerá a votación el informe de la Comisión JURI relativo a esta comunicación durante el pleno de julio.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Turno de preguntas: Aumentar el nivel de ambición de la Unión Europea en materia de biodiversidad decara a la CP 15

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 29-06-2022Autor HALLEUX Vivienne

Ámbito político Medio ambienteResumen El Parlamento ejercerá sus competencias de supervisión en el nuevo «turno de preguntas» previsto para el período

parcial de sesiones de julio. Su intención es preguntar a la Comisión sobre el nivel de ambición de la Unión antes dela 15.ª reunión de la Conferencia de las Partes (CP 15) de las Naciones Unidas en el Convenio sobre la DiversidadBiológica, el principal instrumento internacional para la protección de la biodiversidad. El 22 de junio de 2022, laComisión Europea presentó dos propuestas legislativas fundamentales en el marco de la Estrategia de la Unión sobrela biodiversidad de aquí a 2030: una ley de restauración de la naturaleza de la Unión y nuevas normas para el usosostenible de los plaguicidas. La estrategia representa la contribución de la Unión a las negociaciones internacionalessobre el marco mundial de la diversidad biológica posterior a 2020, que prevé adoptarse durante la CP 15.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Ley de Mercados Digitales: aprobación en el PlenoTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor MADIEGA Tambiama André

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Política de investigaciónResumen En diciembre de 2020, la Comisión Europea publicó una propuesta de Reglamento sobre mercados disputables y

equitativos en el sector digital, también denominada Ley de Mercados Digitales. Durante el período parcial desesiones de julio de 2022, el Parlamento Europeo tiene previsto someter a votación el acuerdo político alcanzado conel Consejo por su equipo de negociación.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 28

Adopción de la Ley de Servicios DigitalesTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor MADIEGA Tambiama André

Ámbito político Mercado interior y unión aduaneraResumen En diciembre de 2020, la Comisión Europea publicó una propuesta de Ley de Servicios Digitales destinada a

modernizar las normas de la Unión en materia de moderación de contenidos y fomentar un entorno en líneatransparente y más seguro. Está previsto que el Parlamento vote durante su período parcial de sesiones de julio de2022 el acuerdo político alcanzado con el Consejo.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Croacia se incorpora a la zona del euroTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor HOFLMAYR MARTIN

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen El 1 de enero de 2023, Croacia se convertirá en el 20.º país que se incorporará a la zona del euro y adoptará la

moneda común. Dos evaluaciones independientes, de la Comisión Europea y del Banco Central Europeo (BCE),constataron que Croacia cumple los requisitos de adhesión a la zona del euro. Sin embargo, persisten retossignificativos para que Croacia pueda mantener una trayectoria sostenible a medio plazo.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Informe de 2021 sobre KosovoTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Con una población de 1,8 millones de habitantes (el 93 % de etnia albanesa), Kosovo* declaró unilateralmente su

independencia de Serbia en 2008. La perspectiva de un futuro europeo de Kosovo se presentó en las cumbres deSalónica (2003), Sofía (2018) y, recientemente, Zagreb (2020), Brdo (2021) y Bruselas (2022), en las que losdirigentes de la UE reafirmaron su apoyo inequívoco a la perspectiva europea de los Balcanes Occidentales. Estáprevisto que el Parlamento Europeo debata el informe anual de 2021 de la Comisión Europea sobre este país durantesu período parcial de sesiones de julio de 2022.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Informe de 2021 sobre Bosnia y HerzegovinaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Bosnia y Herzegovina, que cuenta con una población de 3,8 millones de habitantes, se independizó de la antigua

Yugoslavia el 3 de marzo de 1992, tras un referéndum boicoteado por integrantes de la etnia serbia. Durante lacumbre UE-Balcanes Occidentales celebrada en Salónica (2003), se ofreció a Bosnia y Herzegovina una perspectivade adhesión a la Unión, que luego se reafirmó en Sofía (2018), Zagreb (2020), Brdo (2021) y, más recientemente,Bruselas (2022). Está previsto que el Parlamento vote el informe anual de 2021 de la Comisión Europea sobre Bosniay Herzegovina durante su período parcial de sesiones de julio de 2022.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Research for AGRI Committee - Agricultural potential in carbon sequestrationTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor NEGRE François | OSTANSKA KINGA

Autor externo Pilar ANDRÉS, Enrique DOBLAS-MIRANDA, Pere ROVIRA, August BONMATÍ, Àngela RIBAS, Stefania MATTANA,Joan ROMANYÀ.

Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo ruralResumen To reach the climate neutrality envisaged in the Green Deal by 2050, reducing agricultural GHG emissions is not

enough, and efforts to implement large scale carbon sequestration in European agricultural soils will be necessary.The renewed CAP includes improvements in environmental conditionality and foresees eco-schemes and agri-environmental measures that can help achieve this goal. Carbon sequestration in soil is cost-effective, butimprovements in methodology are still required, as well as the cooperation between the public and private sectors.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 29

Revision of the EU legislation on blood, tissues and cellsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor BACIAN Izabela Cristina

Ámbito político Salud públicaResumen Since its adoption, EU legislation on blood, tissues and cells has ensured an upward convergence in the quality and

safety of these substances from donation to human application. Following an evaluation of the legislation,shortcomings have become apparent, primarily in light of scientific and technical developments in this area. Socio-demographic trends and new epidemiological risks have further consolidated the view that certain provisions of thislegislation need to better reflect the current landscape. Moreover, effective protection of donors needs to be placed onthe same level as that of recipients, in particular in the case of medically assisted reproduction. Finally, in light of thecoronavirus pandemic, ensuring sufficient supplies of these substances has become all the more significant. On thisbasis, the European Commission launched a revision of this legal framework, which is expected to be adopted in thesecond quarter of 2022.

Briefing EN

Revision of the Industrial Emissions DirectiveTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor HALLEUX Vivienne

Ámbito político Medio ambienteResumen Covering some 52 000 large agro-industrial installations EU-wide, the Industrial Emissions Directive is the main EU

instrument regulating pollutant emissions from industry. The proposal for a revision tabled by the EuropeanCommission on 5 April 2022 aims to bring it into line with the EU's zero pollution ambition, energy, climate and circulareconomy policy goals under the European Green Deal. The main changes include expanding the scope (in terms ofsectors covered and thresholds), strengthening permit requirements to authorise installations to operate, andmeasures to promote innovation. Stakeholders' reactions to the text were mixed. Industry and farming representativesexpressed strong concerns about the added complexity, timeliness and practical implementation of the proposal. Whilewelcoming many improvements, non-governmental organisations criticised the missed opportunity to make thedirective fit for climate protection, and the proposed new regime for intensive livestock rearing. In Parliament, the filehas been referred to the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), which appointedRadan Kanev as rapporteur. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stagesthroughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Establishing an industrial emissions portalTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor HALLEUX Vivienne

Ámbito político Medio ambienteResumen The European Green Deal envisages a review of measures addressing pollution from large industrial installations, with

a view to aligning existing legislation with the EU's zero pollution ambition, as well as its energy, climate and circulareconomy policy goals. On 5 April 2022, the European Commission tabled a proposal to revise the Industrial EmissionsDirective, the main European Union instrument regulating pollutant emissions from industry, together with a proposal torevise the Regulation establishing the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, related to environmentalinformation. The proposal aims at upgrading the existing register to a more comprehensive and integrated industrialemissions portal, enabling more accurate monitoring of the environmental performance of large industrial activities.The main changes proposed include better alignment with the Industrial Emissions Directive, both in terms of activitiescovered and reporting level; inclusion of reporting on the use of resources; and integration in the database of additionalrelevant environmental data reported under other related EU legislation. In Parliament, the file has been referred to theCommittee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. The same rapporteur and shadow rapporteurs willhandle the revision of the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register Regulation and that of the IndustrialEmissions Directive. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout thelegislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Implementation of the Stability and Growth Pact under exceptional timesTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 29-06-2022Autor DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | HAGELSTAM Kajus | ZORPIDIS ANDREAS

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen This document provides an overview of key developments under the preventive and corrective arms of the Stability

and Growth Pact on the basis of the latest Commission and Council decisions and recommendations in the frameworkof the Stability and Growth Pact and the latest European Commission economic forecasts. This document is regularlyupdated. This version is an update on a version published in March 2022.

Análisis en profundidad EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 30

Outcome of the meetings of EU leaders on 23-24 June 2022Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 28-06-2022Autor DRACHENBERG Ralf

Ámbito político DemocraciaResumen The June 2022 European Council meeting marked a potentially historic moment: EU leaders granted Ukraine and

Moldova candidate status and also confirmed Georgia's European perspective. Although highly anticipated, this majorstep was neither obvious nor uncontroversial, as for the first time it concerned a country still at war, generating intensediscussions both within the European Council and with partner countries. On Ukraine, EU leaders took stock of thesituation in the country, confirmed their commitment to increased military support and financial assistance, and calledon like-minded partners to align with EU sanctions. Regarding relations with non-EU partners in Europe, the EuropeanCouncil had its first strategic discussion on the 'European political community' concept (EPC), with a possible first EPCsummit to take place under the upcoming Czech Presidency. Turkey's assertiveness in the eastern Mediterranean andthe Belarus people's right to 'free and fair elections' were also discussed. On other topics, however, not least on theConference on the Future of Europe, the results were underwhelming, as EU leaders took no concrete follow-updecision, simply leaving it to each EU institution to do so within its own sphere of competence. Moreover, nobreakthrough was possible regarding the Western Balkans – neither at the leaders' meeting nor at the EuropeanCouncil itself. The last component of the two days of meetings saw a Euro Summit in inclusive format. EU leadersdiscussed two major issues, the current economic situation, notably the rise in prices of energy, food and commodities,and the EU's financial architecture, reiterating their commitment to the completion of the banking and capital marketsunions.

Briefing EN

'This is Europe' debate in the European Parliament: Speech by Andrej Plenković, Prime Minister ofCroatia, on 22 June 2022

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 28-06-2022Autor DRACHENBERG Ralf

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Agricultura y desarrollo rural | Asuntos de género, igualdad ydiversidad | Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos exteriores | Asuntos financieros y bancarios | Comerciointernacional | Control presupuestario | Coronavirus | Cultura | Democracia | Democracia en la UE, Derechoinstitucional y parlamentario | Derecho contractual, Derecho mercantil y Derecho de sociedades | Derecho de lapropiedad intelectual | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Derecho internacional privado ycooperación judicial en materia civil | Derecho internacional público | Derechos humanos | Desarrollo regional |Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Educación | Empleo | Energía | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluaciónde impacto ex ante | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Fiscalidad | Gobernanza global |Industria | Legislación y normativa sobre competencia | Medio ambiente | Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Pesca |Peticiones al Parlamento Europeo | Planificación prospectiva | Politica social | Política de investigación | Presupuesto |Protección de los consumidores | Salud pública | Seguridad alimentaria | Seguridad y defensa | Semestre Europeo |Transporte | Transposición y aplicación de la legislación | Turismo | Valor añadido europeo

Resumen 'This is Europe' – an initiative proposed by the President of the European Parliament, Roberta Metsola – consists of aseries of debates with EU leaders to discuss their visions for the future of the European Union. On 22 June, the PrimeMinister of Croatia, Andrej Plenković, was the third EU leader to address the Parliament since its Conference ofPresidents endorsed the initiative on 28 April. Mr Plenković considered Croatia to be at the centre of EU integrationand expressed his support for more shared competences in the area of health cooperation as well as for EUenlargement to Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia and the Western Balkans, especially Bosnia and Herzegovina.

De un vistazo EN

Young people in the EU: Rapidly evolving family patternsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 28-06-2022Autor KATSAROVA Ivana

Ámbito político Politica socialResumen The transition from childhood to adulthood is not always smooth. Despite their quest for independence, young people

face a range of challenges that can deter them from leaving their parents' home, such as lack of financialindependence, adverse labour market conditions, high housing costs and more generally living costs.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 31

Croatia's National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Latest state of playTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 28-06-2022Autor MILEUSNIC MARIN

Ámbito político PresupuestoResumen Croatia's National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) is an ambitious outline of reforms and investment designed

to mitigate the pandemic's socio-economic fallout. Compared with the size of its economy, Croatia is the largestrecipient of Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) funds, with a total financial allocation of €6 295 million, or 11.6 %of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). The allocation corresponds to 0.9 % of the total RRF volume, and isentirely grant-based. The use of the loan component under the facility is currently not envisaged, but may be requestedby 31 August 2023 at the latest. The measures in the plan aim to help Croatia overcome the socio-economicramifications of both the pandemic and the two devastating earthquakes from 2020, while fostering the green anddigital transition. The post-earthquake recovery measures, in particular, are among the NRRP's major objectives, andcontribute to smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. The plan's implementation is to be concluded by 2026. After theCouncil's positive NRRP assessment, Croatia received €818 million in pre-financing, or 13 % of the country's totalfinancial allocation under the RRF. Arrangements between the European Commission and Croatia were signed inFebruary 2022, and the country's first €700 million payment request submitted the following month. The requestreceived a positive preliminary opinion from the Commission following the assessment of 34 milestones and targets.RRF funds, combined with others from the Next Generation EU instrument and the EU's multiannual financialframeworks (2014-2020 and 2021-2027), will put at Croatia's disposal roughly €30 000 million by the end of thedecade, an unprecedented chance to boost socio-economic development. The European Parliament continues toensure transparency and accountability through interinstitutional dialogues on RRF implementation, and scrutiny of theCommission's work. This briefing is one in a series covering all EU Member States. First edition. The 'NGEU delivery'briefings are updated at key stages throughout the lifecycle of the plans.

Briefing EN

Sweden's National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Latest state of playTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 28-06-2022Autor BINDER ECKHARD

Ámbito político PresupuestoResumen With a total volume of €3 289 million, Sweden's National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) is of comparatively

limited scope, and exclusively in the form of grants, as Sweden did not apply for loans. This amount represents 0.5 %of the entire Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), equal to 0.7 % of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in2019 (the RRF being 5.2 % of EU-27 GDP in 2019). 'Sweden's recovery plan' – the Swedish NRRP – is financed bythe Next Generation EU (NGEU) recovery instrument. Sweden will receive payments in five instalments, which willdepend on progress in implementing the plan. The total amount of grants under the RRF is subject to revision in June2022, which might affect the final amount allocated to Sweden. Sweden indicated in its NRRP that it would not requesta 13 % pre-financing, which would not have been granted as a result of the adoption of the Council implementingdecision after 31 December 2021. The plan is estimated by the Commission to contribute to climate–relevantobjectives at 44.4 %, and complies with the minimum climate target of 37 % set in the RRF Regulation. At 20.5 %, italso exceeds the threshold of at least 20 % of NRRP allocation for digital expenditure. At the time of publication, theoperational arrangement for monitoring had not been signed, and the disbursement of grants had not yet started. TheEuropean Parliament has been a major supporter of establishing a common EU recovery instrument, and takes part ininterinstitutional settings to cooperate, discuss and scrutinise implementation of the European Commission's work. Thisbriefing is one in a series covering all EU Member States.

Briefing EN

The UN High Level Political Forum (HLPF) on Sustainable Development Goals, 5-15 July 2022, New YorkTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 28-06-2022Autor externo Sarah Franklyn, Nora Hiller and Antoine Oger (IEEP)

Ámbito político Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Medio ambienteResumen The purpose of this briefing is to provide support to the European Parliament delegation prior to the 10th session of the

United Nations High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF) between 5 – 15 July at the UnitedNations (UN) Headquarters, New York, under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council. It provides anoverview of key issues at stake in the meeting and progress made on the implementation of the SDGs by the EU, witha particular focus on the SDGs to be reviewed in depth at the Forum. It also provides an overview of tools andpathways available to accelerate the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda, which has relevance for all areas of DGENVI's Committee, on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. The link to policy priorities include SDG 4 (QualityEducation) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality), with the former linking to all of the SDGs. SDG 14 (Life Below Water) andSDG 15 (Life on Land) connect to the European Green Deal, Biodiversity, the Circular Economy, public health, foodsafety, air and water quality, the use of chemicals and pesticides, and SDG 17 (Partnerships) encompasses the theexternal dimensions and impacts of EU policies on the EU's global partners.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 32

Les principes d’égalité et de non-discrimination, une perspective de droit comparé - EspagneTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 28-06-2022Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Transposición y aplicación de la legislación

Resumen La présente étude s’inscrit dans un projet visant à jeter les fondements d’une comparaison intégrée et corrélée desdispositions régissant le principe d’égalité et de non-discrimination de différents ordres juridiques de droit positif. Ellecomprend une analyse de la législation en vigueur et de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle en Espagne, ainsi qu’uneétude dogmatique parallèle sur le concept et la nature de ce droit, et accorde une attention particulière aux limites decelui-ci et aux politiques sectorielles positives ou proactives. L’étude aborde également les divers défis auxquels lepays est confronté et la problématique de l’extension inconsidérée de certaines mesures de discrimination positive et àrebours pouvant dénaturer la portée générale du principe d’égalité. La Constitution espagnole de 1978 conçoit leprincipe d’égalité et de non-discrimination comme un fondement de l’édifice constitutionnel, notamment dans ledomaine des droits et des libertés publiques, ce qui signifie que toutes les inégalités existantes au moment de sonentrée en vigueur ont été dès ce moment considérées comme incompatibles avec le nouvel ordre de valeurs. Enoutre, plusieurs dispositions juridiques de la Constitution font référence à l’égalité. Premièrement, l’article 14 consacrel’égalité de tous les Espagnols devant la loi (égalité formelle), rejette toute forme de discrimination, et mentionneexpressément certains motifs considérés comme susceptibles de donner lieu à des discriminations qualifiées(naissance, race, sexe, religion, opinion). Deuxièmement, l’article 1er, paragraphe 1, définit l’égalité comme l’une desvaleurs supérieures de l’ordre juridique espagnol. Enfin, l’article 9, paragraphe 2, du texte constitutionnel fait mentionde l’indispensable égalité matérielle, qui vient ainsi compléter l’égalité formelle, et charge les pouvoirs publics desupprimer les obstacles qui empêchent sa réalisation effective. La jurisprudence du Tribunal constitutionnel espagnolrevêt une importance et une portée considérables dans la mesure où elle a dès le départ contribué à définir le champd’application du principe d’égalité pour en faire ce qu’il est aujourd’hui, tout en lui permettant de se développer etd’offrir une protection plus large. Le présent document est la version en français de l’étude originairement publiée parla Bibliothèque de droit comparé en espagnol en octobre 2020. Cette version met à jour la version antérieure par lebiais des notes de l’éditeur.

Estudio FR

Estudio para la Comisión AGRI - Potencial agrícola en el secuestro de carbono: contenido de humus dela tierra utilizada para la agricultura y el almacenamiento de CO2

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 28-06-2022

Autor externo CREAF: Pilar ANDRÉS (CREAF), Enrique DOBLAS-MIRANDA (CREAF), Pere ROVIRA (CTFC), August BONMATÍ(IRTA), Àngela RIBAS (CREAF, UAB), Stefania MATTANA (CREAF), Joan ROMANYÀ (UB).

Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo ruralEstudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT

What if we sequenced all human genomes?Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 27-06-2022Autor ANTUNES LUISA

Ámbito político Política de investigaciónResumen The rapid growth of genetic databases worldwide, coupled with fast-decreasing costs and the rapid pace of

technological change, has increased the possibility of every human genome on Earth being sequenced this century.This raises ethical and legal questions on data privacy and ownership. While a global genetic database wouldrevolutionise preventive medicine and research, new forms of surveillance, discrimination and power imbalances couldemerge. The global interplay between the individual, the state and private individuals could shift, requiring modern andflexible legislation to protect the rights of the individual.

De un vistazo EN

Multimedia What if we sequenced all human genomes?

Amendments to MiFID II and MiFIR: The EU's markets in financial instrumentsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 27-06-2022Autor DELIVORIAS Angelos

Ámbito político Asuntos financieros y bancariosResumen The second Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II) and the Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation

(MiFIR) are the principal texts regulating investment services and activities in the EU. Following an extensiveconsultation and in light of the recent developments in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, the EuropeanCommission proposed the establishment of an EU-wide consolidated tape for shares, bonds, exchange-traded funds(ETFs) and derivatives, as well as making targeted changes to market structure, so as to increase transparency andstrengthen the competitiveness of EU financial markets. Consolidated tape is a high-speed electronic system thatreports the latest price and volume data on sales of exchange-listed stock. The files are currently under review by theco-legislators. Within the European Parliament, they have both been assigned to the Committee on Economic andMonetary Affairs. The draft reports are expected soon. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings areupdated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 33

Public hearing with A. Enria, Chair of the ECB Supervisory BoardTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 27-06-2022Autor GRIGAITE KRISTINA | MAGNUS Marcel | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosResumen This note is prepared in view of a regular public hearing with the Chair of the Supervisory Board of the European

Central Bank (ECB), Andrea Enria, which will take place on 30 June 2022. The briefing addresses: 1) latestdevelopments regarding completion of the Banking Union, 2) excessive leverage, 3) the ECB’s Annual Report onsupervisory activities 2021, 4) conduct risk, 5) a snapshot of the euro area banking sector one quarter after the start ofthe war in Ukraine, 6) statistics on loans subject to COVID-19-related measures, and 7) a summary of an externalbriefing paper on financial institutions' exposures to fossil fuel assets.

Briefing EN

Public finances in Euro Area Member States: Selected indicators - May 2022Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 27-06-2022Autor TURCU OVIDIU IONUT | ZOPPÉ Alice

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen This document presents selected indicators on public finance for the Euro Area Member States and the Euro Area as a

whole. For each indicator, it provides a short explanation and the data sources. The final section presents a shortoverview of the main indicators used by the European and other international institutions to assess debt sustainability.

Briefing EN

Violence against women and domestic violence: The new Commission proposal in light of EuropeanParliament requests

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 27-06-2022Autor BACIAN Izabela Cristina | HAHNKAMPER-VANDENBULCKE Nora

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidadResumen Gender-based violence, including violence against women and domestic violence, breaches human rights and is an

extreme form of gender-based discrimination. However, violence against women and domestic violence are pervasivethroughout the European Union (EU). While the full scale of the problem is not known due to a lack of data, the resultsof the most comprehensive survey on violence against women at EU level to date, published by the EU Agency forFundamental Rights (FRA) in 2014, provide an indication of its dimension. The coronavirus pandemic and relatedlockdowns have further worsened the situation. On 8 March 2022, the European Commission presented a long-awaited proposal for a directive combating violence against women and domestic violence. Ahead of its deliberations,the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM) asked the Ex-Post Evaluation Unit (EVAL) within DGEPRS to prepare an analysis of the Commission proposal in light of the European Parliament's requests for alegislative framework on preventing and combating gender-based violence, submitted over time. Accordingly, thisstudy examines the Parliament's main requests in this regard adopted since 2009 – when Parliament first called for adirective on preventing and combating all forms of violence against women – compared against the provisions of theCommission proposal.

Estudio EN

Plenary round-up – June II 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 24-06-2022Autor FERGUSON CLARE | SOCHACKA KATARZYNA

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen The highlight of the June II 2022 plenary session was the vote to overwhelmingly endorse the granting of candidate

status to Ukraine and Moldova, and – once it meets the conditions set out by the Commission – Georgia. On theevening of 23 June, EU leaders did indeed follow suit. Members debated preparations for that European Councilmeeting taking place on 23-24 June 2022, including the meeting with Western Balkan leaders on 23 June. TheParliament also debated with the Commission and Council the use of national vetoes undermining the global tax deal,and held debates, inter alia, on implementation and delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals,and the future of EU international investment policy. Parliament adopted its position, following the urgent procedure, onexceptional temporary support under the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development in response to the impactof Russia's invasion of Ukraine. A 'This is Europe' debate was held with the Prime Minister of Croatia, AndrejPlenković. Finally, in a formal sitting, Members heard an address by Hakainde Hichilema, President of the Republic ofZambia.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 34

ReFuelEU Aviation initiative: Sustainable aviation fuels and the fit for 55 packageTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 24-06-2022Autor SOONE Jaan

Ámbito político TransportePalabra clave biocarburante | calidad del aire | combustible de aviación | energía renovable | movilidad sostenible | política de medio

ambiente de la UE | propuesta (UE) | reducción de las emisiones de gas | transporte aéreoResumen On 14 July 2021, the European Commission presented a package of proposals to make the EU's climate, energy, land

use, transport and taxation policies fit for reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55 % by 2030, comparedwith 1990 levels – the 'fit for 55' package. The package includes a proposal to ensure a level playing field forsustainable air transport, also known as the ReFuelEU Aviation initiative. In the draft regulation, the Commissionproposes obligations on fuel suppliers to distribute sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), with an increasing share of SAF(including synthetic aviation fuels, commonly known as e-fuels) over time, in order to increase the uptake of SAF byairlines and thereby reduce emissions from aviation. The proposal also includes obligations on airlines to limit theuptake of jet fuel before departing from EU airports to what is needed for safe operation of flights, with the aim ofensuring a level playing field for airlines and airports, and avoiding additional emissions related to extra weight ofaircraft carrying excessive amounts of fuel. In the European Parliament, the file has been referred to the Committee onTransport and Tourism (TRAN) as the lead committee. The Committee on the Environment, Public Health and FoodSafety (ENVI) and the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) are associated under Rule 57. Thirdedition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Metaverse: Opportunities, risks and policy implicationsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 24-06-2022Autor CAR POLONA | MADIEGA Tambiama André | Niestadt Maria

Ámbito político Política de investigaciónResumen One of the most talked about concepts in modern technology, the metaverse can be described as an immersive and

constant virtual 3D world where people interact by means of an avatar to carry out a wide range of activities. Suchactivities can range from leisure and gaming to professional and commercial interactions, financial transactions or evenhealth interventions such as surgery. While the exact scope and impact of the metaverse on society and on theeconomy is still unknown, it can already be seen that the metaverse will open up a range of opportunities but also anumber of risks in a variety of policy areas. Major tech companies are scaling up their metaverse activities, includingthrough mergers and acquisitions. This has given impetus to a debate on how merger regulations and antitrust lawshould apply. Business in the metaverse is expected to be underpinned largely by cryptocurrencies and non-fungibletokens, raising issues of ownership, misuse, interoperability and portability. Furthermore, the huge volume of data usedin the metaverse raises a number of data protection and cybersecurity issues (e.g. how to collect user consent orprotect avatars against identity theft). There is considerable scope for a wide range of illegal and harmful behavioursand practices in the metaverse environment. This makes it essential to consider how to attribute responsibility, interalia, for fighting illegal and harmful practices and misleading advertising practices, and for protecting intellectualproperty rights. Moreover, digital immersion in the metaverse can have severe negative impacts on health, especiallyfor vulnerable groups, such as minors, who may require special protection. Finally, the accessibility and inclusivenessof the metaverse remain areas where progress has still to be made in order to create an environment of equalopportunities.

Briefing EN

China's strategic interests in the Western BalkansTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 24-06-2022Autor STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen The six Western Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo,* Montenegro, North Macedonia and

Serbia) are all countries with substantial economic catch-up potential. The EU-led Berlin Process estimated an annualinvestment need of some €7.7 billion, which would provide the region with an additional 1 % GDP growth and apositive employment effect of up to 200 000 people. However, quality investments are scarce, or often attached topolitical, environmental and social conditionalities; China took the initiative to benefit from this opportunity. According tothe Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN), China invested €32 billion in the region in 2009-2021. In Serbiaalone, Chinese investment reached €10.3 billion. However, despite inflows of Chinese capital, the EU remains theleading economic partner, with 70 % of total foreign direct investment and 81 % of exports. China has endeavoured toportray itself as a strategic investor, who does not intervene in internal political affairs and is willing to close its eyes tosome aspects such as State aid, corruption or labour laws. An early focus on transport infrastructure (through Piraeusand Belgrade to reach Duisburg) has expanded to industry, energy and communications/IT. The Belt and RoadInitiative (BRI) serves as the main framework for expanding China's economic presence in the region and enables it toaccess key land and maritime routes. Loans and investments in undertakings further enhance China's position andcreate dependencies, even debt-traps, for the six Western Balkan states. An increasing number of Balkan countriesnow perceive the limits of China's presence, and are concerned regarding public procurement, environmentalprotection, human rights violations, and promotion of the authoritarian model, which all limit cooperation and impact EUaccession prospects.

Briefing EN

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The return of inflation [What Think Tanks are thinking]Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 24-06-2022Autor CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosResumen Inflation has risen to levels not seen in 40 years in the euro area or in many other countries, forcing some central

banks to raise interest rates in a context that bodes ill for economic growth. Initially driven by post-pandemic supplyshortages and then by soaring energy prices, following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, inflation is now becomingincreasingly broadly based, affecting everything from food and services to household goods. Dissatisfaction with therising cost of living is leading to social protests, increasing political risks for many countries. In the euro area, pricegrowth was 8.1 % in May year-on-year, more than four times the European Central Bank's target. This note gatherslinks to the recent publications and commentaries from many international think tanks on resurgent inflation. Manyearlier publications on inflation can be found in a previous edition of the 'What Think Tanks are Thinking' series.

Briefing EN

Safety of journalists in non-EU countries: state and non-state protection mechanisms and the role of theEU

Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidadFecha 24-06-2022

Autor externo Tamsin MITCHELLÁmbito político Asuntos exteriores | Democracia | Derechos humanos | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia

Resumen The following is a qualitative, comparative analysis of international state and non-state mechanisms and tools aimed atprotecting and ensuring the safety of journalists, and the extent to which they are used and valued in three non-EUcountries: the Philippines, El Salvador and Tunisia. Emphasis is placed on the role of the EU in using andstrengthening its own and other international instruments. The findings are based on 15 expert interviews and aliterature review carried out between mid-February and late April 2022. The study concludes that while EU Delegationsand other international actors in these countries are active in promoting journalist safety and freedom of expression tovarying degrees and their presence and support is valued by civil society organisations (CSOs), there is considerableroom for improvement. Across the three countries, certain protection mechanisms and tools were frequently mentionedby both EU/UN and CSO representatives, while others were not mentioned/used or appeared under-used. A series ofrecommendations are made, including to: continue and increase support of the most used mechanisms/tools; buildawareness/capacity around using the full range of instruments; address the disconnect between the EU’s preferencefor private action and CSOs’ desire for more public action; and commission a full external evaluation into theimplementation of the EU Guidelines on Freedom of Expression.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Current membership of the European Council June 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 23-06-2022Autor DRACHENBERG Ralf

Ámbito político DemocraciaPalabra clave Consejo Europeo | Estado miembro UE | jefe de Estado | partido europeo | repertorio | reunión en la Cumbre

Resumen The European Council consists of the 27 Heads of State or Government of the EU Member States, who are votingmembers, together with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission, whohave no vote (Article 15(2) TEU). The chart shows the current members, the national office they hold and their politicalaffiliation, as well as the year their membership of the institution began. This publication is updated periodically toreflect changes in the European Council's membership.

De un vistazo EN

Review of rules on financial market dataTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 23-06-2022Autor KRAMER Esther

Ámbito político Asuntos financieros y bancariosResumen The IA is based on solid internal and external sources, in particular several ESMA review reports, and stakeholder

consultations. However, the definitions of both the problems and the objectives lack consistency and coherence, as thelines between problems, their drivers and consequences are blurred and objectives seem to overlap (and shift). Thisweakens the IA's intervention logic. The policy options presented to tackle the problems are assessed against twobaseline scenarios, which is unusual. Considering the technicality of their implementation – and of the whole IA, moreexplanatory information would have increased transparency, accessibility and accountability of the analysis, which isalso affected by insufficient information on the methods, data and assumptions underlying it (namely regardingquantified estimations drawn from other sources). Finally, the effects of the preferred options combination could havebeen discussed in more depth.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 36

Revision of Directive 2008/99/EC: Protection of the environment through criminal lawTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 23-06-2022Autor CIRLIG Carmen-Cristina

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaResumen The European Commission proposed a revision of Directive 2008/99/EC on the protection of the environment through

criminal law in December 2021. The proposal intends to clarify some of the terms contained in the directive andincludes an updated list of environmental crime offences, harmonised sanction types and levels, measures tostrengthen international investigation and prosecution, improvements to the collection of statistical data and measuresto improve national enforcement chains. Ultimately, the revision aims to increase the effectiveness of investigation andprosecution of environmental criminal offences across the European Union. Parliament's Legal Affairs (JURI)Committee is the committee responsible for drawing up the draft report on the proposal. First edition. The 'EULegislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

EU customs control mechanisms and their possible improvementTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 23-06-2022Autor HAASE Diana

Autor externo Diana HAASEÁmbito político Control presupuestario | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Planificación prospectiva |

PresupuestoResumen The Committee on Budgetary Control (CONT) decided to organise a workshop with the aim to get a better

understanding about customs control practices in Member States and their possible improvements. This briefingprovides background information to this event that took place the 15th June 2022.

Briefing EN

The role of remittances in promoting sustainable developmentTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 23-06-2022Autor externo Iliana OLIVIÉ, María SANTILLÁN O'SHEA

Ámbito político Desarrollo y ayuda humanitariaResumen International remittance flows have proven their resilience through the COVID-19 pandemic-induced economic crisis in

spite of initial expectations forecasting their decline and associated devastating consequences for development inrecipient communities and countries. This calls for some reflection on the nature and behaviour of these flows, with aparticular focus on aspects that might explain their countercyclical behaviour and distinctive patterns. Context-appropriate policies are required to leverage the development impact of each remittance corridor, in terms of: location;transfer channels; sender and recipient profiles; and use by recipients. Thought should also be given to the impact of:poverty reduction; protection against shocks; and increased ability to invest in human and physical capital. Above all, aholistic vision must be maintained to allow for a complete understanding of this complex phenomenon. Political actionsfor strengthening the role of remittances on development have so far mostly focused on reducing the costs of sendingremittances through formal channels, but the overall landscape of responses is still fragmented, insufficientlydeveloped and facing significant challenges.

Análisis en profundidad EN

What if care work were recognised as a driver of sustainable growth?Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 22-06-2022Autor FERNANDES MEENAKSHI | NAVARRA Cecilia

Ámbito político Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidad | Politica socialResumen Care work provided in homes and institutions is a public good that is under-valued by society. Care workers are more

likely to have low earnings and precarious working conditions. About 9 in 10 care workers are women. Most unpaidcare work within households is carried out by women. The 'unpaid care penalty' for women in the EU, which isequivalent to the earnings they lost because of this unbalanced distribution of care responsibilities, is estimated toreach €287 billion per year. EU action in the care sector has the potential for high returns for society. Fostering the'equal earner – equal carer model' could generate benefits of between €29 and €57 billion a year. EU action topromote affordable, high-quality care could produce an additional €100 to €180 billion in benefits each year.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 37

EU - Western Balkans leaders’ meeting of 23 June 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 22-06-2022Autor ANGHEL Suzana Elena

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen On 23 June 2022, for the first time since the start of Russia's war on Ukraine, the Heads of State or Government of the

EU and of the six Western Balkan countries will meet for a leaders' meeting in Brussels. The discussion will focus onenlargement, energy, security and defence, and youth. Discussion of Emmanuel Macron's 'European PoliticalCommunity' proposal is not on the agenda, but it could come up during the debate.

De un vistazo EN

Amending budget No 3/2022: Financing reception costs of people fleeing UkraineTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 22-06-2022Autor MAZUR Sidonia

Ámbito político PresupuestoResumen Russia's invasion of Ukraine has caused a massive exodus of refugees, many of them children. EU Member States are

dealing with urgent migration and border management challenges and facing the costs that these entail. DraftAmending Budget No 3/2022 (DAB 3/2022) to the EU's 2022 general budget aims to assist EU Member States inreceiving people fleeing the war in Ukraine. DAB 3/2022 strengthens the financing of the Asylum, Migration andIntegration Fund (AMIF) and the Border Management and Visa Instrument (BMVI). The additional €99.8 million incommitment appropriations and €76 million in payment appropriations for AMIF and €100 million in paymentappropriations for BMVI will help to ensure that people fleeing Ukraine benefit from adequate first reception in one ofthe Member States. The European Parliament is expected to vote on the Council's position on DAB 3/2022 during itsJune II plenary session.

De un vistazo EN

Labour market integration of asylum-seekers and refugeesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 22-06-2022Autor ORAV Anita

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave acceso al empleo | automatización | estadística de la UE | estadística del empleo | inserción profesional | integración

de los migrantes | integración social | inteligencia artificial | migrante | refugiado | solicitante de asilo | supresión deempleo

Resumen Migration to the European Union from third countries has been substantial over the past few decades, as Europe hashistorically been considered a continent of relative economic prosperity and political stability. While many foreign-bornindividuals arrive in the European Union (EU) to work, pursue studies or join family members, the EU also receives alarge number of asylum-seekers and refugees, not least in the context of the war in Ukraine since February 2022. Ashost societies, EU Member States are required to facilitate the integration of migrants, i.e. their acceptance in societyand ability to access different services and the labour market. EU law envisages access to employment for refugees assoon as they are granted refugee status, or for asylum-seekers at the latest within nine months of lodging an asylumapplication. Ukrainians can rely on immediate protection upon registering for temporary protection in one of the EUMember States. However, employment rates for migrants in general, and refugees and asylum-seekers in particular,are persistently lower than those of native-born population. Moreover, they are more likely to be employed in low-skilled occupations that have high automation potential in the future. If this potential is exploited through the use ofartificial intelligence and digitalisation, the European economy is expected to see a decline in low-skilled employment.To ensure that migrants' skills will match the future EU labour market and fill its gaps, focus should be turned tofacilitating the proper recognition of their qualifications, as well as to upgrading their education and skills as needed.The EU supports Member States' integration efforts through its EU action plan on integration and inclusion. In addition,the European Commission is launching a new EU 'talent pool' platform in summer 2022. This Briefing updates andexpands a previous edition, from June 2021.

Briefing EN

Multimedia Empowering migrants into the EU labour market

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 38

Outlook for the meetings of EU leaders on 23-24 June 2022Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 22-06-2022Autor DRACHENBERG Ralf

Ámbito político DemocraciaResumen A series of sensitive topics feature on the agenda of the last regular European Council meeting before the summer

break, taking place on 23-24 June. Considering the magnitude of the issues at stake, this European Council meeting –if successful – could become a milestone summit. Notably, EU leaders are expected to consider granting candidatecountry status to Ukraine and Moldova, most probably with certain specific conditions, to reaffirm the Western Balkans'European perspective, and to consider the proposal put forward by the President of France, Emmanuel Macron, tocreate a European Political Community. They will also discuss developments in and support for Ukraine followingRussia's military aggression, as well as the broader consequences of the war, including food security. As at pastmeetings since the outbreak of the war, the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, may once again address theEuropean Council. EU leaders could also consider the situation in the eastern Mediterranean, a topic they lastdiscussed at the request of the President of Cyprus, Nikos Anastasiades, at the special European Council meeting of30-31 May 2022. To what extent EU leaders will discuss the follow-up to the Conference on the Future of Europeremains uncertain.

Briefing EN

The European Parliament commemorates John Hume: Speeches at the inauguration of a memorial bust,Strasbourg, 7 June 2022

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 22-06-2022

Autor externo DG, EPRSÁmbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario

Resumen A commemorative bust of John Hume (1937-2020) – awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998 for his tireless efforts tobring peace to his native Northern Ireland – was unveiled in the European Parliament in Strasbourg on Tuesday 7June 2022. Having served as an MEP from 1979 to 2004, John Hume understood the European Parliament as a forumin which to raise attention to the problems of Northern Ireland and build European support for resolving the conflict.And it was also – with a measure of seclusion not available to them in Belfast – a place where he and the unionistMEPs from Northern Ireland could work together to improve Northern Ireland's situation. The bust of John Hume,representing him at the age he was first elected to the European Parliament, is by Northern Ireland-born sculptorElizabeth O'Kane, and has been donated to the Parliament by the Irish government. The bust was unveiled by the IrishTaoiseach, Micheál Martin, and the President of the European Parliament, Roberta Metsola. Before the ceremony,Chris Patten, former European Commissioner, delivered a lecture, in which he paid tribute to John Hume's work aspeace-maker and his commitment to democratic values. This Briefing brings together the texts of all three speeches.

Briefing EN

Research for CULT Committee - The European Schools system: State of Play, Challenges andPerspectives.

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 21-06-2022Autor ISKRA Katarzyna Anna | OSTANSKA KINGA

Autor externo Simonas GAUŠAS (lead), Ildar DAMINOV, Elžbieta JAŠINSKAITĖ, Diana ČOP, Ilze MILEIKO, Greta GUDAUSKAITĖ,Dr. Sandra LEATON GRAY, Dr. Stefanie PUKALLUS, John BULWER

Ámbito político Cultura | EducaciónResumen This At a glance note summarises the study on The European Schools system: State of Play, Challenges and

Perspectives. The study examines the progress that the European Schools System has made during the past decadeand overviews its state of affairs as of 2022. The educational dimension of the study focuses on questions related toteaching and learning, while the operational one concentrates on the administrative and managerial sides of thesystem. The study pinpoints the key challenges that the system currently faces and provides tailored recommendationson how to overcome them.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 39

Fit for 55 package: Energy performance of buildings (recast)Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 21-06-2022Autor FRIZBERG DIETER

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex anteResumen After two negative opinions from the Commission's Regulatory Scrutiny Board and without making adaptations in the

IA itself after the second negative opinion, the Commission adjusted its legislative proposal: the legislative frameworkfor new buildings would conform largely to the preferred PO3 ('High ambition I'), while changes for existing buildingswould conform broadly to PO2 ('Medium ambition'). The IA analyses the problem, the problem drivers and the likelyimpacts of the proposed policy options, based on sound research and reliable data. However, although interlinkageswith other legislative proposals of the 'fit for 55' legislative package are described, the size of the problem is not fullyclear and could have been better explained. The IA draws a clear logic between the problems, the problem drivers andthe specific objectives. It provides realistic alternative options. However, the multitude of measures, with varying levelsof policy intensity for each of the options, lacks clarity and therefore weakens the IA's ability to inform decision-makingeffectively. The presentation of the options and the description of the baseline as the 'starting point' for comparison ofoptions is at times unclear, which makes it difficult to follow the reasoning as to why PO3 ('High ambition I') waschosen as the preferred option. Finally, the IA provides a detailed description of the stakeholder consultations.However, the IA presents the views of stakeholder groups (including SMEs) in relation to specific measures rather thanto the proposed policy options. It is therefore unclear what support the preferred option of the IA enjoys amongstakeholders, in particular SMEs.

Briefing EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: Timeline of cyber-attacksTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 21-06-2022Autor PRZETACZNIK Jakub

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Russia launched its war on Ukraine on 24 February 2022, but Russian cyber-attacks against Ukraine have persisted

ever since Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014, intensifying just before the 2022 invasion. Over this period,Ukraine's public, energy, media, financial, business and non-profit sectors have suffered the most. Since 24 February,limited Russian cyber-attacks have undermined the distribution of medicines, food and relief supplies. Their impact hasranged from preventing access to basic services to data theft and disinformation, including through deep faketechnology. Other malicious cyber-activity involves sending of phishing emails, distributed denial-of-service attacks,and use of data-wiper malware, backdoors, surveillance software and information stealers. Organisations andgovernments around the world have not been indifferent to the hybrid risks thus posed. EU-, US- and NATO-ledinitiatives have been carried out with the aim of neutralising cyber-threats and protecting essential infrastructure. Aspart of these initiatives, the EU has activated its Cyber Rapid Response Teams (a project under Permanent StructuredCooperation (PESCO) in the area of security and defence policy), to support Ukraine's cyber-defence. Non-government and private players have supported Ukraine through various cyber-resilience activities. Since thebeginning of the invasion, a significant number of counter-attacks have been launched by independent hackers,affecting the Russian state, security, banking and media systems. The European Parliament has called for stepping upcybersecurity assistance to Ukraine and for making full use of the EU's cyber-sanctions regimes against individuals,entities and bodies responsible for or involved in the various cyber-attacks targeting Ukraine.

Briefing EN

The EU's global approach to research and innovationTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 21-06-2022Autor EVROUX CLEMENT THIERRY

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Energía | Industria | Política de investigación | Salud públicaResumen International cooperation has been a key feature of modern and contemporary scientific and technological activities.

The magnitude of global challenges, such as the climate crisis and the coronavirus pandemic, has shown therelevance of joining forces and pooling resources to facilitate the creation and dissemination of knowledge andinnovative solutions. In 2021, the European Commission adopted a communication on a global approach to researchand innovation – the new European strategy for international cooperation. In 2022, the European Parliament and theEU Member States responded to the communication with respectively a resolution and a declaration tabled by theCouncil presidency. The two documents took into account the growing geopolitical tensions, caused, among others, bythe Russian war of aggression in Ukraine, and identified the investment and policy initiatives needed to ensure thatEurope's openness to the world will safeguard EU strategic autonomy, interests and values. Following the launch ofHorizon Europe in 2021, the EU is expected to intensify international cooperation, including by extending the scope ofcountries associated to the programme to new non-European partners such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand.Investment under Horizon will support EU research and innovation players in cooperating with global partners, but isalso expected to continue contributing to making the EU attractive for international scientists and innovators. Theparticipation of stakeholders in international cooperation activities is key to Europe's capacity to expand its scientificand technological leadership – thus far established in the domain of joint exploratory scientific activities, includingtransdisciplinary initiatives – to also cover technological development and standardisation. European research andinnovation players are unambiguously supporting international cooperation for global goods, such as knowledge, theenvironment and global health. They also express hopes that the United Kingdom would swiftly join Horizon Europe asan associated country.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 40

Slovenia's National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Latest state of playTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 21-06-2022Autor CAR POLONA | SAPALA Magdalena

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | PresupuestoResumen EU support for the implementation of Slovenia's National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) amounts to €2 482.3

million, and includes €1 776.9 million in grants and €705.4 million in loans. This amount should be committed by theend of 2023, and paid out to Slovenia by the end of 2026. While the overall allocation represents only 0.3 % of the totalRecovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), it stood at 5.1 % of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019 (theRRF being 5.2 % of EU-27 GDP in 2019). Slovenia, one of the seven Member States that have already requestedloans, decided to use 22 % of the maximum amount of loans available; it can request the remaining €2 900 million upto the end of August 2023. While in nominal terms, Slovenia is among the Member States with the smallest totalallocation, it ranks much higher per capita. With €1 185 per citizen (grants and loans), Slovenia is among the tenbiggest RRF beneficiaries. On 17 September 2021, Slovenia received €231 million in pre-financing, equivalent to 13 %of the grant allocation. Slovenia did not ask for a pre-financing of the loan component. Further payments – teninstalments for grants and six for loans – will depend on progress in implementing the plan. Slovenia's NRRP includes34 reforms and 58 investments, designed to tackle both the Covid-19 pandemic's socio-economic consequences andmore long-standing challenges facing the country and identified in the Slovenian development strategy 2030. The planis strongly focused on the green transition and digital transformation. Planned spending on these areas exceeds thecompulsory targets, totalling 42.4 % for climate and 21.4 % for digital. Other priority areas include smart, sustainableand inclusive growth, and health and welfare. The European Parliament participates in interinstitutional forums forcooperation and discussion on RRF implementation, and scrutinises the European Commission's work. This briefing isone in a series covering all EU Member States. First edition. The 'NGEU delivery' briefings are updated at key stagesthroughout the lifecycle

Briefing EN

Outcome of a survey on the role of national parliaments in the implementation of the RRFTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 21-06-2022Autor BINDER ECKHARD | DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | LEHOFER WOLFGANG | ZOPPÉ Alice | ZSITNAK

ALEXANDRAÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios

Resumen This paper summarises the findings and provides some further details of the replies received from a survey on theinvolvement of national parliaments in scrutinising the implementation of Recovery and Resilience Facility, notably theRecovery and Resilience Plans at the national level. This survey aimed to keep stock of whether and how EU nationalparliaments are involved in the implementation of the RRF. It was addressed directly to EU national parliamentservices and reflected developments in the first months of the RRF implementation timeline (e.g. information flow,adoption of RRPs, payment requests, stakeholder involvement, and parliamentary scrutiny procedures)

Análisis en profundidad EN

Possible Solutions for Missing Trader Intra-Community FraudTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 21-06-2022Autor externo Jack MALAN and Ivan BOSCH CHEN, Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services (CSES). Two external experts

assisted the CSES team: Professor Marie LAMENSCH Professor (UCLouvain and Vrije Universiteit Brussel) andStefano PAVESI (Ernst & Young).

Ámbito político Control presupuestario | PresupuestoResumen This study examines the problem of Missing Trader Intra-Community (MTIC) Fraud, the nature and scale of its impact

on the EU’s finances, and potential solutions. The solutions that are assessed are: Split Payment Methods, ElectronicClearance Procedure (a digital solution), Real-Time Reporting (and TX++), VAT Coin, and the Definitive VAT system(and proposed amendments). Recommendations are made regarding the most appropriate solution.

Estudio EN

Futuro de las relaciones comerciales entre la Unión y ÁfricaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-06-2022Autor PICHON Eric

Ámbito político Comercio internacionalResumen Está previsto que el Parlamento Europeo debata las formas de fomentar unas relaciones comerciales éticas y

sostenibles con los países africanos durante su período parcial de sesiones de junio II, en un contexto de retosmundiales agravados por la pandemia de coronavirus y la guerra de Rusia contra Ucrania.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 41

Revisión del RCDE UE: paquete de medidas «Objetivo 55»Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-06-2022Autor ERBACH Gregor

Ámbito político Medio ambienteResumen El 14 de julio de 2021, como parte del paquete de medidas «Objetivo 55», la Comisión presentó una propuesta

legislativa para revisar el régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión de la Unión (RCDE), a fin de adaptarlo alobjetivo establecido en la Ley Europea del Clima de reducir en un 55 % las emisiones netas de gases de efectoinvernadero (GEI) de la Unión de aquí a 2030, en comparación con los niveles de 1990. El informe de la Comisión deMedio Ambiente, Salud Pública y Seguridad Alimentaria (ENVI) fue rechazado en el período parcial de sesiones dejunio I, pero se ha vuelto a presentar en el de junio II, incluidas las enmiendas aceptadas en el período parcial desesiones de junio I. El 15 de junio de 2022 se presentó un nuevo conjunto de enmiendas de transacción destinadas asuperar este punto muerto.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Mecanismo de Ajuste en Frontera por Carbono de la UniónTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-06-2022Autor MORGADO SIMOES HENRIQUE ANDRE

Ámbito político Medio ambienteResumen La Comisión Europea propuso un Mecanismo de Ajuste en Frontera por Carbono cuyo objetivo es establecer unas

condiciones de competencia equitativas entre los productores de la Unión y de terceros países fijando un precio delcarbono para determinados productos importados y eliminando progresivamente la asignación gratuita de derechosde emisión a la industria europea. La Comisión de Medio Ambiente, Salud Pública y Seguridad Alimentaria (ENVI) delParlamento Europeo aprobó un informe en el que presenta enmiendas significativas a la propuesta original. Lavotación se programó de nuevo para el período parcial de sesiones de junio II.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Aplicación del Mecanismo de Recuperación y ResilienciaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-06-2022Autor LILYANOVA Velina

Ámbito político PresupuestoResumen En su sesión plenaria de junio II, el Parlamento debatirá el informe conjunto de propia iniciativa de las Comisiones de

Presupuestos y de Asuntos Económicos y Monetarios sobre la aplicación del Mecanismo de Recuperación yResiliencia (MRR). El objetivo del informe es proporcionar la contribución del Parlamento Europeo al informe derevisión sobre la aplicación del MRR que la Comisión Europea debe presentar antes del 31 de julio de 2022. Elinforme conjunto destaca el papel clave del MRR en la recuperación económica de la UE y en el aumento de suresiliencia, competitividad y autonomía estratégica. Hace hincapié en la importancia del control y el seguimientoperiódicos de los gastos del MRR y del cumplimiento del Estado de Derecho y señala que la aplicación con éxitoresulta clave para garantizar un impacto a largo plazo y el crecimiento económico.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Reglamento sobre el almacenamiento de gasTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-06-2022Autor WILSON Alex Benjamin

Ámbito político EnergíaResumen El 23 de marzo de 2022, la Comisión Europea propuso un Reglamento urgente sobre el almacenamiento de gas con

el fin de contrarrestar los riesgos de interrupción del suministro de gas procedente de Rusia. El Parlamento y elConsejo negociaron este Reglamento mediante un procedimiento acelerado y alcanzaron un acuerdo provisional el 19de mayo de 2022. La Comisión de Industria, Investigación y Energía (ITRE) dio el visto bueno al texto acordado, queestá previsto que se someta a votación durante el período parcial de sesiones de junio II.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Informe de 2021 sobre MontenegroTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-06-2022Autor STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Montenegro solicitó su adhesión a la UE en 2008, y las negociaciones de adhesión comenzaron en junio de 2012.

Este país ha abierto los 33 capítulos de negociación, tres de los cuales se han cerrado provisionalmente. Lasencuestas de opinión pública muestran que el 75 % de los montenegrinos están a favor de la adhesión a la UE. Estáprevisto que el Parlamento debata el informe anual de 2021 de la Comisión Europea sobre Montenegro durante superíodo parcial de sesiones de junio II.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 42

EU accession to the Hague Judgments ConventionTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-06-2022Autor MAŃKO Rafał

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen The Committee on Legal Affairs is proposing that the European Parliament give its consent to EU accession to the

Convention of 2 July 2019 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters,concluded within the framework of the Hague Conference on Private International Law.

De un vistazo EN

International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit TraffickingTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-06-2022Autor LUYTEN KATRIEN

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaResumen In 1987, the United Nations General Assembly decided that every year 26 June should mark International Day against

Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking. The idea was to demonstrate its commitment to the fight against drug abuse, illicitproduction and trafficking, and their nefarious effects on individuals and on society as whole. The illicit drug marketgenerates huge profits for organised crime, and is estimated to be the source of approximately one fifth of global crimeproceeds.

De un vistazo EN

The Digital Single Market and the digitalisation of the public sector - GovTech and other innovations inpublic procurement (At A Glance - Study In Focus)

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 20-06-2022

Autor externo Marissa HOEKSTRA, TNO Cass CHIDEOCK, TNO Gabriela BODEA, TNO Nitesh BHAROSA, TU Delft JonathanCAVE, GNKS Consult Ben KOKKELER, Technopolis Ivette OOMENS, Technopolis Annelieke VAN DEN BERG,TNO Anne Fleur VAN VEENSTRA, TNO Frank ALLEWELDT (second reader), Civic Consulting

Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Protección de losconsumidores

Resumen This research paper provides insight into GovTech and innovation in the context of public procurement. It examines thepossibilities for developing an EU GovTech Platform with the aim of supporting the modernisation of the public sector;the further development of the European GovTech market; and engagement with citizens and businesses. Thisdocument was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request ofthe committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO).

De un vistazo EN

Amendments to AIFMD and UCITSD: Managing risks and protecting investorsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 20-06-2022Autor DELIVORIAS Angelos

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen Two European Union (EU) directives regulate the EU collective investment funds industry, the Directive relating to

undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS) and the Alternative Investment FundsManager Directive (AIFMD). The UCITS, which covers mutual funds, lays down uniform rules, allowing their cross-border offer, while the AIFMD, which covers hedge funds and private equity, lays down the rules for authorising,supervising and overseeing the managers of such funds. While reviewing the application of the scope of the AIFMD(as mandated), the European Commission considered that a number of issues highlighted in the AIFMD review wereequally relevant for the activities of UCITS. As a result, it proposed to amend both directives, to better align theirrequirements. The file is currently under review by the co-legislators. Within the European Parliament, it has beenassigned to the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, which is now considering the draft report. First edition.The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 43

Treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons – First meeting of States PartiesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 20-06-2022Autor IMMENKAMP Beatrix

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen From 21 to 23 June 2022, the 61 States Parties to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) will meet

for the first time. Russia's threat to use nuclear weapons in the context of its war on Ukraine has given new relevance –and some will argue urgency – to the initiative launched a decade ago to prohibit nuclear weapons. The TPNW enteredinto force on 22 January 2021. On that day, nuclear weapons development, testing, production, possession,stockpiling, use and threat of use, as well as the stationing or deployment of another country's nuclear weapons on astate party's national territory became prohibited under international law. The TPNW has been hailed as historic bysupporters of the initiative, which has gained ground in recent years, to rid the world of the most destructive weaponknown to humankind. The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), which spearheaded theseefforts, was awarded the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize. Supporters hope that the TPNW will strengthen the internationallegal framework and gradually advance the political norm against possession and use of nuclear weapons. However,opponents of the Treaty argue that the conditions for disarmament do not currently exist and that promoters of theTPNW fail to recognise this. Arguably, their position has been strengthened by recent developments. The nine statesknown to have military nuclear programmes have not signed the TPNW. Nor have Member States of the North AtlanticTreaty Organization (NATO), which re-confirmed its commitment to nuclear deterrence in 2016. This raises doubtsabout the impact of this new instrument and its ability to create normative values. Most EU Member States, 21 of whichare members of NATO, oppose the TPNW, and only three have ratified it. The European Parliament has noted that theTPNW provided evidence of the desire to achieve the objective of a nuclear weapons-free world. This is an updatedversion of an earlier briefing, from January 2021.

Briefing EN

EU sanctions against Russia: alignment of the EU enlargement countriesTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 20-06-2022Autor MALOVEC Michal | STASIUKEVYCH IRYNA

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | Democracia | Seguridad y defensaResumen This in-depth analysis provides an overview of alignment of EU enlargement countries with EU sanctions against

Russia due to its aggression against Ukraine. It analyses the legal and political basis for the alignment with the EU’sCommon and Foreign Policy, including the restrictive measures (sanctions). Furthermore, it provides a factual accountof the main steps taken by the countries covered by the EU enlargement policy in the Western Balkans and Turkey(Türkiye), coupled by a brief assessment of the main reasons for their policies. Lastly, policy options for the EU and forits parliamentary dimension are laid out.

Análisis en profundidad EN

10 years after “whatever it takes”: fragmentation risk in the current contextTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 20-06-2022Autor externo Pierpaolo BENIGNO, Paolo CANOFARI, Giovanni DI BARTOLOMEO, Marcello MESSORI, Karl WHELAN, Klaus-

Jürgen GERN, Nils SONNENBERG, Ulrich STOLZENBURG, Grégory CLAEYS, Maria DEMERTZIS, Lionel GUETTA-JEANRENAUD

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosResumen On 26 July 2012, then ECB President Mario Draghi gave the so-called “whatever it takes” speech, today widely

considered as the turnaround point in the European sovereign debt crisis. Shortly after, the European Central Bank(ECB) announced the details of its outright monetary transactions programme (OMT) tool. The speech, together withthe OMT announcement, were enough to remove re-denomination risk from sovereign bond markets. OMT was neveractually used. 10 years after, in a context of record-high inflation, fragmentation risk has emerged once again as acentral issue for monetary policy in the euro area. Four papers were prepared by the ECON Committee’s MonetaryExpert Panel, looking into the recent re-emergence of fragmentation risk in the euro area. This publication is providedby Policy Department A for the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON), ahead of the MonetaryDialogue with ECB President Lagarde on 20 June 2022.

Estudio EN

PROCEEDINGS - Workshop The EU borrowing strategy for Next Generation EU: design, challenges andopportunities

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 20-06-2022Autor BUURMA GOSSE ZIER | DELASNERIE Alix

Ámbito político Control presupuestario | PresupuestoResumen A workshop was organised for the Budgets committee (BUDG) on "The EU borrowing strategy for NGEU: design,

challenges and opportunities" on 27 October 2021. This document consists of an In-depth analysis by Bruegel entitled"Next Generation EU borrowing: a first assessment", a policy paper by Sebastian Mack entitled "Don't change horsesin midstream: how to make NGEU bonds the euro area's safe asset", biographies of the speakers and the Power Pointslides of the Bruegel presentation.

Estudio EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 44

Artificial intelligence act and regulatory sandboxesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 17-06-2022Autor MADIEGA Tambiama André

Ámbito político IndustriaResumen The artificial intelligence act envisages setting up coordinated AI 'regulatory sandboxes' to foster innovation in artificial

intelligence (AI) across the EU. A regulatory sandbox is a tool allowing businesses to explore and experiment with newand innovative products, services or businesses under a regulator's supervision. It provides innovators with incentivesto test their innovations in a controlled environment, allows regulators to better understand the technology, and fostersconsumer choice in the long run. However, regulatory sandboxes also come with a risk of being misused or abused,and need the appropriate legal framework to succeed. In April 2021, the European Commission presented a proposalfor a regulation laying down harmonised rules on AI (the 'artificial intelligence act' or 'AI act'). Academics andstakeholders have commented on the proposal, touching, in particular, on issues regarding the lack of liabilityprotection for sandbox participants, the need for a more harmonised approach to AI regulatory sandboxes, and theinterplay between AI sandbox and EU data protection rules. The European Parliament has called for introducingregulatory sandbox instruments in several resolutions. Its April 2022 committee draft report on the AI act argued formore transparency on the implementation and use of AI sandboxes.

Briefing EN

Public hearing with Christine Lagarde, Chair of the European Systemic Risk BoardTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 17-06-2022Autor GRIGAITE KRISTINA | MAGNUS Marcel | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosResumen This note is prepared in view of a regular public hearing with the Chair of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB),

Christine Lagarde, which will take place on 20 June 2022. The aim of the meeting is to discuss recent developments inmacroprudential policy field, potential systemic risks looming ahead, notably the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict.The briefing provides (i) summaries of the issues highlighted by the ESRB in its letters to the European Parliament; (ii)the risks building-up in housing markets; (iii) summarises the ongoing macroprudential policy framework re-view; and(iv) dwells deeper into the cyber risks. It should be noted that various institutions, including the ESRB, are pointing outthat there are potentially systemic risks building-up in the commercial real estate sector. Neverthe-less, as the FirstVice-Chair of the ESRB Stefan Ingves pointed out in his hearing in the European Parliament, there is a lack ofharmonised commercial real estate sector data, which makes the analysis complicated and therefore, commercial realestate risks are not covered in this briefing.

Briefing EN

Economic repercussions of Russia’s war on Ukraine – Weekly Digest 17 June 2022Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 17-06-2022Autor DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | HAGELSTAM Kajus | MAGNUS Marcel

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen This paper provides a summary of recent economic, financial and budgetary decisions and developments following

President Vladimir Putin’s decision of 24 February to start a military attack against Ukraine. It includes recentinformation relating to the EU sanctions regime, recent economic estimates, and policies supporting economic andfinancial resilience, including the coordination of national economic and fiscal measures. It also highlights policyrecommendations made in the public domain to mitigate any adverse economic, financial and social effects and tosupport economic recovery in the EU and the Euro Area

Análisis en profundidad EN

War in Ukraine: implications for the ECBTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 17-06-2022Autor externo Charles WYPLOSZ, Daniel GROS, Farzaneh SHAMSFAKHR, Pierre SIKLOS, Luigi BONATTI, Roberto TAMBORINI,

Atanas PEKANOV, Stefan SCHIMANÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancarios

Resumen The war in Ukraine, overlapping with the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, is causing a significant economicimpact on the euro area economy. On the rise since mid-2021, annual headline inflation in the euro area surpassed8% in May 2022. Previously driven mainly by increasing energy prices and supply chain bottlenecks, inflationarypressure is becoming more persistent and broad-based. The European Central Bank (ECB) is now facing a difficultchallenge: commencing a monetary policy tightening cycle while, at the same time, avoiding triggering a recession andfinancial instability. Five papers were prepared by the ECON Committee’s Monetary Expert Panel, looking into currentmonetary policy challenges in the context of the war in Ukraine. This publication is provided by Policy Department Afor the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON), ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with ECB PresidentLagarde on 20 June 2022.

Estudio EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 45

The NIS2 Directive: A high common level of cybersecurity in the EUTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 16-06-2022Autor NEGREIRO ACHIAGA Maria Del Mar

Ámbito político IndustriaPalabra clave Agencia de la Unión Europea para la Ciberseguridad | consulta pública | criminalidad informática | directiva (UE) |

estudio de impacto | guerra de información | propuesta (UE) | protección de datos | protección de infraestructurascríticas | seguridad europea | seguridad informática

Resumen The Network and Information Security (NIS) Directive is the first piece of EU-wide legislation on cybersecurity, and itsspecific aim was to achieve a high common level of cybersecurity across the Member States. While it increased theMember States' cybersecurity capabilities, its implementation proved difficult, resulting in fragmentation at differentlevels across the internal market. To respond to the growing threats posed with digitalisation and the surge in cyber-attacks, the Commission has submitted a proposal to replace the NIS Directive and thereby strengthen the securityrequirements, address the security of supply chains, streamline reporting obligations, and introduce more stringentsupervisory measures and stricter enforcement requirements, including harmonised sanctions across the EU. Theproposed expansion of the scope covered by NIS2, by effectively obliging more entities and sectors to take measures,would assist in increasing the level of cybersecurity in Europe in the longer term. Within the European Parliament, thefile has been assigned to the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. The committee adopted its report on 28October 2021, as well as a mandate to enter into interinstitutional negotiations. For its part, the Council agreed itsposition on 3 December 2021. The co-legislators reached a provisional agreement on the text on 13 May 2022. Thetext now needs to be adopted formally by both institutions, with the Parliament due to vote on it in plenary in thecoming months. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout thelegislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Distortive foreign subsidies regulation: A level playing-field for the single marketTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 16-06-2022Autor SZCZEPANSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacionalPalabra clave ayuda a las empresas | capital extranjero | contratación pública | informe | inversión extranjera | mercado único | país

tercero | política de competencia de la UE | propuesta (UE) | restricción de la competencia | vigilancia del mercadoResumen Public financing of enterprises, which has been on the rise globally, can have a distortive effect on competitive

markets. In response to this trend, in May 2021 the European Commission published a proposal for a regulation totackle foreign subsidies with a distortive effect on the EU single market. It would enable the Commission to investigatesubsidies granted by non-EU public authorities to companies operating on the single market, and to applycountervailing measures, should these subsidies be found to be distortive. The Commission would have three tools atits disposal: two are notification-based, allowing it to investigate foreign subsidies in companies' mergers andacquisitions, and to investigate the bids in large public procurement procedures involving third-country governmentsupport. The acquirer or bidder would have to give ex-ante notification of external financial contribution. The thirdwould enable the Commission to investigate other market situations. The Parliament adopted its position in plenary inMay 2022, and trilogue negotiations have since commenced. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefingsare updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Proposed anti-coercion instrumentTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 16-06-2022Autor SZCZEPANSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Comercio internacionalPalabra clave política comercial | política de la UE | política económica | relaciones de la Unión Europea | relación internacional |

situación económicaResumen It is widely held that geopolitical tensions in the world are on the rise. One of the clear indicators of this phenomenon is

the increasing use of economic tools for the pursuit of strategic and geopolitical aims. This can take the form ofcoercion used by one country against another through restrictions on trade or investment in order to interfere with theirsovereign choices. In response to the EU and its Member States becoming the target of deliberate economic coercionin recent years, on 8 December 2021 the Commission published a proposal for the adoption of an anti-coercioninstrument that would allow the EU to better respond to such challenges on a global scale. While the new framework isprimarily designed to deter economic coercive action through dialogue and engagement, it also allows – as a lastresort – to retaliate with countermeasures comprising a wide range of restrictions related to trade, investment andfunding. While there is broad support for creating a legislative tool to address the growing problem of economiccoercion, opinions are divided as regards the severity of countermeasures and the manner of establishing when theyshould kick in. Within the European Parliament, the file has been assigned to the Committee on International Trade(INTA). The draft report was published in April and the committee is expected to vote its report in autumn 2022.Second edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislativeprocedure.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 46

A sustainable blue planet – The international ocean governance agenda: Pre-legislative synthesis ofnational, regional and local positions on the European Commission's initiative

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 16-06-2022Autor MARGARAS Vasileios | SCHOLAERT FREDERIK

Ámbito político Medio ambiente | PescaResumen This Briefing provides a pre-legislative synthesis of the positions of national, regional and local governmental

organisations on the European Commission's recent initiative, 'Setting the course for a sustainable blue planet –Update on the international ocean governance agenda'. It forms part of an EPRS series offering a summary of the pre-legislative state-of-play and advance consultation on a range of key European Commission priorities during its five-year term in office. It seeks to present the current state of affairs, to examine how existing policy is working on theground, and to identify best practice and ideas for the future on the part of governmental organisations at all levels ofthe European system of multilevel governance. This analysis of the positions of partner organisations at EuropeanUnion (EU), national, regional and local levels suggests that they would like the following considerations to be reflectedin the discussion on the forthcoming initiative on 'Setting the course for a sustainable blue planet – Update on theinternational ocean governance agenda'. There is an overall consensus that many environmental challenges pose athreat to the marine environment and require further action. The EU has had a profound impact on European oceansand coastal areas by adopting relevant legislation and providing funding for a number of projects contributing to theirsustainability. EU support in addressing environmental challenges should be further enhanced. In addition, seas andoceans are seen as an important element of economic growth. A number of 'blue growth' measures are beingdeveloped by national, regional and local entities in order to explore this sometimes untapped potential in a way thatcan further contribute to their economic sustainability. Knowledge and innovation are prerequisites for oceanmanagement and ensuring the long-term, sustainable development of maritime industries. Cross-border and globalcooperation on ocean governance issues is taking place in various European and international fora and should befurther reinforced. There is also broad consensus on the need to improve multi-level governance within EU MemberStates through the establishment of participatory bodies where institutions, research centres, NGOs and citizens caninteract with each other.

Briefing EN

Understanding SDGs: The UN's Sustainable Development GoalsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 16-06-2022Autor LATEK Marta | PICHON Eric

Ámbito político Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Gobernanza global | Medio ambienteResumen In 2015, the United Nations adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to be attained by 2030, as a follow-

up to the Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015) and the Rio+20 Summit (2012). Unlike their antecedents, theSDGs commit both developed and developing countries, and embrace the economic, environmental and socialaspects of development. The SDGs and the broader 2030 Agenda for sustainable development, of which they form thecore, are based on findings that human activities have triggered dramatic changes in the conditions on Earth (climatechange and biodiversity loss), which in turn have contributed to the deterioration of human wellbeing. To reverse thetrend, there is an urgent need to simultaneously address the multiple causes and consequences of environmentaldepletion and social inequalities, by developing synergies and managing trade-offs between the SDGs. Challenges inpursuing the SDGs include the fact that countries do not necessarily have an equal starting point and, even moreimportantly, that regardless of their stage of development, they can no longer afford to apply the current developmentmodel, where production and consumption happen at the expense of natural resources. According to many observers,this model creates unsolvable tensions between SDGs, notably between the safeguarding of natural resources and theaspirations for improved wellbeing. The structural transformation that would bring about the desired change requires ajoint effort by the international community, but equally so from natural and public or private legal persons, to speed upthe process. The European Union has been a leader in drafting the SDGs; it is also a frontrunner in mainstreaming theSDGs in all its policies. The European Parliament regularly assesses the EU commitments on achieving the SDGs.This briefing updates a previous edition by Marta Latek and Eric Pichon, published in December 2019.

Briefing EN

Multimedia Understanding SDGs: The UN's Sustainable Development Goals

Ukraine’s application to join the EU [What Think Tanks are thinking]Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 16-06-2022Autor CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen EU Heads of State or Government will discuss war-torn Ukraine’s bid to join the EU when they meet at a regular

European Council meeting in Brussels next week. The leaders are expected to discuss Ukraine’s request to gain thestatus of official EU candidate along with French President Emmanuel Macron’s plan to create a ‘European PoliticalCommunity’, with Ukraine as a member, as news media have reported, quoting draft Council conclusions. The meetingon 23-24 June is unlikely to make any firm decisions on either of the two proposals, the quoted draft conclusionssuggest. EU enlargement, which had been on the backburner for some years, returned to the spotlight after Russiaattacked Ukraine on 24 February. Having failed to conquer Ukraine quickly, Russia is now concentrating its war effortin the south-eastern provinces of the country. This note gathers links to recent publications and commentaries frommany international think tanks on Russia’s war on Ukraine. Earlier analyses of the implications of the war can be foundin a previous edition of the ‘What Think Tanks are Thinking’ series.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 47

Empowering consumers for the green transitionTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 16-06-2022Autor SAJN Nikolina

Ámbito político Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Protección de los consumidoresResumen On 30 March 2022, the Commission published a proposal for a directive empowering consumers for the green

transition, through better protection against unfair practices and better information. The proposal is designed toenhancing consumer rights in making informed choices in order to play an active role in the transition to a climate-neutral society. It proposes new rules to provide consumers with information on products' sustainability, in particulartheir durability and reparability, at the point of purchase. It also aims to promote commercial guarantees exceeding thetwo-year legal guarantee, as well as to ban false and misleading green claims ('greenwashing') and certain types ofpremature obsolescence of products. In the European Parliament, the file has been referred to the Committee on theInternal Market and Consumer Protection. In the Council, discussions have started in the working party on consumerprotection and information. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stagesthroughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Research for REGI Committee: Cities and the Ukrainian RefugeesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 16-06-2022Autor externo PPMI: Iselin Mulvik, Hanna Siarova

Ámbito político Desarrollo regionalResumen This briefing summarizes the implications of the influx of refugees from Ukraine for European cities, and how cities can

navigate challenges to continue being a positive factor in the support of Ukraine. The briefing is based on availableofficial sources and expert commentaries and written in the context of the study ‘Social challenges in cities’ contractedby the European Parliament . The PPMI research team conducted desk research in English, Lithuanian, Hungarian,Romanian and Polish languages. National experts supported the search for information on the situation in Estonia,Finland, France, Germany, Slovakia, Spain, and Malta.

Briefing EN

'This is Europe' debate in the European Parliament: Speech by Micheál Martin, Taoiseach of Ireland, 8June 2022

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 15-06-2022Autor DRACHENBERG Ralf

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Agricultura y desarrollo rural | Asuntos de género, igualdad ydiversidad | Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos exteriores | Asuntos financieros y bancarios | Comerciointernacional | Control presupuestario | Coronavirus | Cultura | Democracia | Democracia en la UE, Derechoinstitucional y parlamentario | Derecho contractual, Derecho mercantil y Derecho de sociedades | Derecho de lapropiedad intelectual | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Derecho internacional privado ycooperación judicial en materia civil | Derecho internacional público | Derechos humanos | Desarrollo regional |Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Educación | Empleo | Energía | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluaciónde impacto ex ante | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Fiscalidad | Gobernanza global |Industria | Legislación y normativa sobre competencia | Medio ambiente | Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Pesca |Peticiones al Parlamento Europeo | Planificación prospectiva | Politica social | Política de investigación | Presupuesto |Protección de los consumidores | Salud pública | Seguridad alimentaria | Seguridad y defensa | Semestre Europeo |Transporte | Transposición y aplicación de la legislación | Turismo | Valor añadido europeo

Resumen 'This is Europe' – an initiative proposed by the President of the European Parliament, Roberta Metsola – consists of aseries of debates with EU leaders to discuss their visions for the future of the European Union. Following the firstspeech in this series by the Italian Prime Minister, Mario Draghi, on 3 May 2022, the Irish Taoiseach (Prime Minister),Micheál Martin, was the second EU leader to address the Parliament, on 8 June.1 Mr Martin suggested numerousways to strengthen and further develop the Union, notably by increasing its budget. He also expressed his support forTreaty change, if necessary, as well as for Ukraine's application for EU membership, and stressed the need to protectEU values and apply EU laws.

De un vistazo EN

CAP strategic plans: Approval processTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 15-06-2022Autor ROSSI Rachele

Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo ruralResumen The delivery model for the post 2022 common agricultural policy (CAP) involves basic EU level policy rules and greater

responsibility for Member States as to how they tailor their CAP measure toolboxes to local needs. The national CAPstrategic plans drawn up to this end by Member States are now at the approval stage.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 48

Social climate fund: Fit for 55 packageTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 15-06-2022Autor PARI MARIANNA | WILSON Alex Benjamin

Ámbito político Energía | Medio ambiente | Politica socialPalabra clave adaptación al cambio climático | ayuda financiera | criterio de elegibilidad | fondo (UE) | gas con efecto invernadero |

impacto social | neutralidad en carbono | propuesta (UE) | reparto de la financiación de la UEResumen On 14 July 2021 the European Commission adopted the 'fit for 55' package, a set of legislative proposals to meet the

new EU objective of a minimum 55 % reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030. The fit for 55 package ispart of the Commission's European Green Deal, which aims to set the EU firmly on the path towards net zero GHGemissions (climate neutrality) by 2050. The fit for 55 package includes a regulation establishing a new social climatefund (SCF). The aim of the SCF is to help vulnerable households, micro-businesses and transport users meet thecosts of the green energy transition in the buildings and road transport sector. The SCF is designed to counter theadditional costs that vulnerable consumers may face when the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) Directive isrevised to cover these two sectors, as proposed in the fit for 55 package. The SCF aims to provide over €72 billion inEU funding over the 2025-2032 period, to be paid for mainly by ETS credits in the buildings and road transport sectors.The SCF funds will need to be matched by equivalent social climate funding from Member States, which must preparesocial climate plans. As a new budget line to be financed from EU 'own resources', the SCF will require amendmentsto the Own Resources Decision and the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework. The file was referred to theCommittee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI) and to the Committee for Employment and SocialAffairs, which produced a joint report in May 2022. While the amendments were voted in plenary in the June I session,the final plenary vote was delayed due to political disagreements over the wider Fit for 55 package. Second edition.The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Multimedia Social climate fund: Fit for 55 package

New EU regulation on gas storageTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 15-06-2022Autor WILSON Alex Benjamin

Ámbito político EnergíaPalabra clave almacenamiento de hidrocarburos | gas natural | importación (UE) | independencia energética | política energética de

la Unión | propuesta (UE) | reserva estratégica | Rusia | seguridad de abastecimiento | suministro de gasResumen The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has triggered serious concerns about EU energy security. The

problem is particularly acute in the gas sector, where Russia is the leading third-country supplier, on which severalMember States are heavily dependent. To ensure the EU is prepared for the risk of an interruption of gas supplies nextwinter, the Commission has proposed an urgent regulation on gas storage, requiring Member States to: fill in at least80 % of their storage capacity by 1 November 2022 (rising to 90 % in subsequent years); carry out the certification ofall gas storage system operators; and provide a 100 % tariff discount on entry and exit points into gas storage. TheCommission proposed that this urgent regulation be agreed under an expedited procedure by the Parliament and theCouncil, so that it could start taking full effect from summer 2022. The co-legislators proceeded to swiftly negotiate atext, with agreement reached after trilogue negotiations on 19 May 2022. The agreed text was endorsed in the ITREcommittee on 2 June 2022 and is to be voted during the June II plenary session. It must also be adopted by theCouncil of the EU, before it can enter into force. The agreed text endorses the core tenets of the Commission’sproposal but also takes account of national variations and the need for flexibilities in the gas market. Second edition.The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Revision of Directive 2010/40/EU on the deployment of intelligent transport systemsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 15-06-2022Autor TUOMINEN ULLA-MARI

Ámbito político TransporteResumen The IA provides a qualitative and quantitative assessment, which is based on the evaluation of the existing ITS

Directive, the external supporting study, extensive stakeholder consultations, and various data sources. The IA informsopenly about uncertainties and limitations in the analysis, for instance regarding estimates of administrative costs. Theproblem definition would have benefited from a further description of the expected consequences and evolution of theproblem, and it would have been useful if the findings of the evaluation had been explained in more detail. The IAcomprehensively presents three policy options, which are cumulative and not actual alternatives. With regard tosubstantiating the preferred option, a further clarification of proportionality aspects, and more detailed information onthe stakeholders' views would have been useful. Stakeholder views are referred to in the context of policy measures,but the views of different stakeholder groups on the fully fledged policy options have not been presented. The IA refersto 'wide support' of stakeholders, while pointing to 'some reservations', without however explaining which stakeholdergroups have doubts, to which extent the views diverge, and whether all stakeholders find the measures of the policyoptions proportional. Moreover, the description of the stakeholder consultation results is limited, with the IA referring tothe IA supporting study, which does not appear to be publicly available. Overall, this transparency issue weakens theIA's quality.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 49

Path to the digital decade programmeTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 15-06-2022Autor NEGREIRO ACHIAGA Maria Del Mar

Ámbito político IndustriaResumen In its digital decade strategy, the European Commission has put forward its vision for new strategic digital objectives

for 2030. These should prepare Europe for the roll-out of the next generation of broadband infrastructure with gigabitspeeds, including 5G, for the digital transformation of the public and private sectors, and to improve the digital divide.To measure progress towards the digital decade, the Commission proposes a 'digital compass' with indicators basedon four dimensions: improved digital skills, secure and sustainable digital infrastructures, digital transformation ofbusinesses, and digitalisation of the public sector. The decision will establish the 'Path to the digital decade' policyprogramme, which aims to set up a governance framework and funding to help achieve the 2030 digital decadetargets, including multi-country projects and cooperation mechanisms between the Commission and Member States.At the European Parliament, the file has been allocated to the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy, whichadopted its report on 17 May 2022 and also agreed to enter into negotiations with the Council. The mandate wasendorsed by Parliament during the June plenary session. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings areupdated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Directive on adequate minimum wagesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 15-06-2022Autor PAPE Marketa

Ámbito político Empleo | Politica socialResumen Wage policy in the EU is a patchwork of different national traditions and legal frameworks. As a result, minimum wage

levels diverge considerably, and leave many workers unprotected. While setting minimum wages is the competence ofEU Member States, the EU has a supporting and complementary role. In October 2020, the European Commissionproposed a directive seeking to improve the adequacy and increase the coverage of minimum wages, while alsostrengthening collective bargaining as the main instrument to ensure fair wages and working conditions. It is the firsttime that the Commission has initiated legislative action on minimum wage protection, leaving Member States to definethe specific minimum wage levels. The ensuing debate focused on how far-reaching and binding the concrete EUrequirements for national minimum wages should be. The European Parliament adopted its position in November2021, and the Council in December 2021. Interinstitutional negotiations concluded on 6 June 2022 with a provisionalagreement that must now be confirmed by the Parliament and Council. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress'briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: Implications for transportTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 15-06-2022Autor KISS Monika

Ámbito político TransporteResumen The unjustified Russian invasion of Ukraine has damaged transport infrastructure, caused major transport disruptions

and led to a massive flow of refugees into the EU and neighbouring countries. In response, the EU has adoptedseveral sets of sanctions, leading to the closure of EU airspace to Russian aircraft, the closure of EU ports to Russianvessels, a ban on Russian transport operators and a ban on exports of goods and technology in the aviation, maritimeand space sectors. Designed to undermine Russia's economic and financial ability to sustain its war effort, thesanctions have also impacted on transport in the EU, leading to traffic shortages, supply chain bottlenecks and theneed to bypass traditional routes, thereby lengthening journey times and increasing costs. In order to monitor and dealwith these negative impacts and humanitarian crises, the EU has introduced measures to support traffic flows andsupply chains, securing the swift and safe transfer of people trapped in war zones and the transfer of essential goodsand commodities. The European Commission has devised a dedicated contingency plan for transport to strengthencoordination in the event of emergencies. It introduces guiding principles for implementing crisis response measures,and contains a number of initiatives intended to remedy the difficulties encountered following the war. The EuropeanParliament is meanwhile playing an active role by closely monitoring and evaluating the situation, including the EUaction taken so far, while also proposing the adoption of additional EU measures to support passenger and freighttraffic flows. This briefing updates an 'at a glance' note on the same topic, published in March 2022.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 50

The United Nations Ocean Conference, 27 June -1 July 2022, Lisbon, PortugalTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 15-06-2022Autor externo Argyro Kepesidi, Panagiota Pavlou, Isa Vroom, Tony Zamparutti (Milieu Consulting)

Ámbito político Medio ambiente | Salud públicaResumen Pollution, ecosystem decline, climate impacts and overfishing threaten the health of the world’s ocean. The 2022

Ocean Conference provides an opportunity to strengthen synergies among stakeholders to achieve SustainableDevelopment Goal (SDG) 14, ‘Life Below Water’. The targets set under SDG 14 have largely not been achieved on aninternational level. Marine pollution remains a major issue, while increasing deoxygenation and acidification is puttingmarine species and coastal communities alike in danger. Existing and emerging economic activities (such as shippingand seabed mining) are competing for the use of marine space and are threatening ecosystems and biodiversity. Fishstocks continue to be overexploited. The economies of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and many LeastDeveloping States (LDS) depend on the health the ocean.

Briefing EN

Ireland's tax reforms and the fight against aggressive tax schemesTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 14-06-2022Autor BAERT Pieter

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen As Ireland has a high number of (foreign-owned) multinationals, which employ a large share of the Irish workforce, the

country's corporate tax system plays a key role in the economy. However, Ireland has been criticised for the way inwhich its tax system has been used by multinationals to set up aggressive tax planning structures and exploitmismatches and gaps in the international tax framework. In response, Ireland has taken a series of anti-tax avoidancemeasures at national, EU and OECD level.

De un vistazo EN

Transitional justice: Central to fighting impunityTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 14-06-2022Autor ZAMFIR Ionel

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Ending impunity for serious crimes against human rights and humanitarian norms is an important EU and United

Nations objective. It is essential in overcoming the legacy of past conflict and building the basis of stable, peacefulsocieties, as shown by the experience of societies that have taken this path in recent decades. The EU has developeda comprehensive approach to help non-EU countries implement transitional justice.

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Fit for 55 package: Reducing methane emissions in the energy sectorTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 14-06-2022Autor MORGADO SIMOES HENRIQUE ANDRE

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex anteResumen The IA clearly identifies the problem that needs to be addressed and details the problem drivers. Furthermore, the IA

discusses the evolution of the problem if the EU were to take no action. The IA relates the objectives with theproblem/problem drivers in a supported manner. The options for the different policy areas to tackle appear to besufficient and justified against the objectives. The assessment of the options retained for their economic, environmentaland social impacts is thorough, but could have benefited from the availability of more complete data, and from theapplication of the Better Regulation Guidelines in assessing impacts on SMEs and on competitiveness. The indicatorsfor monitoring and evaluating the success of the initiative are supported by existing frameworks and can be consideredto be sufficient and effective. Consultation of interested parties occurred through an open public consultation and threestakeholder meetings, the findings of which are in line with the preferred options in the IA. The analysis performed inthe IA seems to be well supported, and the comments from the RSB were addressed. In conclusion, the IA and theproposal are consistent.

Briefing EN

Monitoring the energy situation in the EU: June 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 13-06-2022Autor SABBATI Giulio | WILSON Alex Benjamin

Ámbito político EnergíaResumen This infographic aims to provide an overview of some of the most important energy indicators. It is purely for

information purposes and subject to change. Figures on page one are based on market data (gas and oil prices) ordata supplied by market actors (LNG capacity and gas storage rates). Figures on page 2 are based on the latestpublicly available Eurostat data. These data are only available retrospectively, usually on an annualised basis, andtherefore do not reflect the latest state-of-play following the outbreak of the war.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 51

World Refugee Day: EU solidarity with UkraineTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 13-06-2022Autor ORAV Anita

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaResumen In December 2000, in a resolution to mark the 50th anniversary of the 1951 Geneva Convention Relating to the Status

of Refugees, the UN General Assembly designated 20 June as World Refugee Day. According to the UN, at the end of2020 there were 82.4 million forcibly displaced people in the world; nearly 26.4 million of them were refugees andaround half of those were under 18 years old. In 2022, following Russia's war on Ukraine, Europe is facing a large newwave of refugees in search of peace and security.

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The Czech Parliament and EU affairsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-06-2022Autor RITTELMEYER Yann-Sven

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen The Czech Republic (Czechia) has a parliamentary system of government. The Czech Parliament consists of

Poslanecká sněmovna (the Chamber of Deputies) and Senát (the Senate), both elected directly. It is considered animperfect bicameral system, with the Chamber of Deputies able to overrule the Senate in most instances (Chapter II ofthe Czech Constitution adopted in 1992). Equal powers between the two chambers are limited to constitutional andelectoral laws, the ratification of international agreements, and certain cases pertaining to defence and security. In2012, the Czech Parliament gave up its competence to elect the President of the Republic in order to introduce directpresidential elections. This did, however, not lead to a semi-presidential system, even if evolution in this directioncannot be excluded. The President appoints the government, led by the Prime Minister, which must gain a vote ofconfidence in the Chamber of Deputies at the beginning of its term (Article 68 of the Constitution). The governmentremains accountable to the Chamber of Deputies. The President can, under specific circumstances (Article 35),dissolve the Chamber of Deputies, while the chamber has the power to override presidential vetoes. The Senate is apermanent institution that cannot be dissolved. The members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected every four yearsaccording to the principle of proportional representation by a universal, equal, direct and secret vote. Senators areelected for a six-year term, with one third of them being renewed every two years by a universal, equal, direct andsecret vote in the form of a plurality voting system. This briefing is part of an EPRS series on national parliaments(NPs) and EU affairs. It aims to provide an overview of the way the NPs of EU Member States are structured and howthey process, scrutinise and engage with EU legislation. It also provides information on relevant NP publications.

Briefing EN

EU support for human rights defenders around the worldTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-06-2022Autor ZAMFIR Ionel

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen More than two decades after the United Nations General Assembly adopted its Declaration on Human Rights

Defenders (HRDs) to enhance recognition of their role and encourage states to create a more protective environment,many human rights defenders face an increasingly hostile environment, with both repressive governments and somenon-state actors, such as economic interest or criminal groups, opposing their work and posing a serious threat.Support for human rights defenders is a long established component of the European Union's external human rightspolicy and one of its major priorities. The EU guidelines on HRDs, adopted in 2004, outline concrete measures forprotecting HRDs at risk, including the provision of emergency aid. They also encourage EU diplomats to take a moreproactive approach towards HRDs. The European Commission manages a financial instrument in support of HRDsworking in the world's most dangerous situations. The EU has continually adapted and extended its actions to take thenew challenges into account. The European Parliament is a long-standing advocate of a comprehensive EU policy onHRDs, and has actively contributed to its shaping. Its urgent resolutions on human rights breaches around the world,some of which have focused on individual HRDs and the particular threats they face, have drawn attention to thedifficulties facing HRDs in many countries. Parliament has also organised hearings with HRDs, issued statementsabout cases of HRDs at risk, and highlighted the plight of HRDs during its delegations' visits to the countriesconcerned. The Parliament's Sakharov Prize is the EU's most visible action in favour of HRDs. It has a significantimpact on laureates, providing them with recognition and, in many cases, indirect protection. This a further updatedversion of a briefing from December 2018.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 52

IMF special drawing rights allocations for global economic recoveryTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-06-2022Autor HALLAK ISSAM

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos exteriores | Desarrollo y ayuda humanitariaResumen On 2 August 2021, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) announced that an exceptionally large allocation of special

drawing rights (SDRs), worth US$650 billion (€550 billion), had been approved with effect from 23 August 2021. TheSDR allocation, the largest in the IMF's history, would serve to 'boost global liquidity' and help all members 'addressthe long-term global need for reserves'. The initiative complies with the IMF's mission of monitoring and promotingstability on the international monetary markets and mitigating balance-of-payment crises. SDRs are not a currency perse, but a 'reserve currency', the value of which is determined by a basket of the five freely and most traded currencies;SDRs can be exchanged for currencies among the IMF member countries. The SDR allocation is made in proportion tothe IMF quotas of the individual member countries. Interest is paid on SDRs utilised, and the rate is calculatedaccording to the interest rates paid on the currencies included in the SDR basket; it is thus substantially lower than thatotherwise charged for a riskier country. Even before this approval, concerns were raised that the funds may not bechannelled to those countries – especially highly indebted and less wealthy ones – that are most in need of support tofight the pandemic and recover from it. For this reason, an initiative was launched to help re-channel the SDRs to suchcountries, and the IMF is setting up a Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST) that IMF members may stock up withfunds, using their SDR allocations on a voluntary basis. The IMF will monitor these funds and ensure that these SDRsare distributed to members on the condition that they implement the necessary economic policies. The EU supportsthe re-channelling process, in the awareness of the looming risks for the stability of the international monetary systemif highly indebted and less wealthy countries are not supported in fighting the pandemic and attaining economicrecovery.

Briefing EN

World Day Against Child LabourTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 10-06-2022Autor GROSEK Kristina

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave campaña de sensibilización | derechos del niño | informe | niño | Organización Internacional del Trabajo | protección de

la infancia | trabajo de menoresResumen The International Labour Organization (ILO) introduced the World Day Against Child Labour in 2002, as part of their

efforts to eradicate this unacceptable phenomenon. The day is observed annually on 12 June, and this year the themeis 'Universal Social Protection to End Child Labour'. It is also an opportunity to consider measures taken atinternational and EU level. This is an update of an 'At a glance' note published in June 2021.

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Plenary round-up – June I 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 10-06-2022Autor FERGUSON CLARE | SOCHACKA KATARZYNA

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen The war in Ukraine stayed on the agenda for the June I 2022 plenary session in Strasbourg, with Ruslan Stefanchuk,

Speaker of Verkhovna Rada making an address to a formal sitting of Parliament. Members also debated theconclusions of the special European Council meeting of 30 31 May 2022. Parliament debated the rule of law and thepotential approval of the Polish National Recovery Plan, and approved the call for a convention on revision of the EUTreaties. Members debated global threats to abortion rights, particularly in the USA, and the massacre of Christians inNigeria. A 'This is Europe' debate was held with the Taoiseach of Ireland, Micheál Martin. Finally, a ceremonycelebrated the 60th anniversary of the common agricultural policy.

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Russia's war on Ukraine: Investigating and prosecuting international crimesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 10-06-2022Autor NEVILLE ANN

Ámbito político Derechos humanosResumen Since the start of Russia's war on Ukraine there has been mounting evidence of what may constitute violations of

international criminal law in the conduct of the war. Active investigations into alleged core international crimes (whichare classified as war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide) have begun, with the involvement of theUkrainian authorities, the International Criminal Court, and other international organisations. The EU is playing anactive role in this process, with Eurojust assisting a Joint Investigation Team established by Ukraine, Poland andLithuania, and with the participation of a number of other Member States. The Office of the Prosecutor of theInternational Criminal Court is also participating, the first time it has joined a Joint Investigation Team. However,investigations of the crime of aggression, relating to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, are hampered by the fact that neitherRussia nor Ukraine are signatories of the Statute of Rome, which established the International Criminal Court andbrought this crime within its jurisdiction. This briefing discusses investigations into core international crimes in Ukraine.It looks at the identification, gathering and assessment of information to ensure that it is admissible as evidence intrials of those accused of these crimes. It also analyses the specific challenges involved in the assessment of digitalinformation and how to ensure that it is properly evaluated in an era of deepfakes and digital manipulation.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 53

Investigación para la Comisión REGI - Retos sociales en las ciudadesTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 10-06-2022Autor externo Iselin MULVIK, Eigirdas SABALIAUSKAS, Hanna SIAROVA, Kristupas PRIBUIŠIS, Joanna KOSTKA

Ámbito político Desarrollo regionalEstudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT

COVID-19 response of EU public administrationTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 10-06-2022Autor externo Alessandro VALENZA, Dea HRELJA, Pietro CELOTTI, Caterina CASAMASSIMA, Michele ALESSANDRINI, Roland

BLOMEYER, Nicolò FRANCESCHELLIÁmbito político Control presupuestario | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Presupuesto

Resumen In order to provide the Members of the Budgetary Control Committee with reliable information and data on the COVID-19 response of the EU public administration, the study analyses the EU institutions’ response, their business continuitymeasures and their impact on the budget from 2020 onwards and staff of the respective institution. Furthermore, thestudy provides an overview of practices and challenges around the new working modalities EU institutions areadopting for the post-pandemic future, as well as recommendations for the way forward.

Estudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo DE, EN, FR

Perspectives for EU governance: between Community method, new-intergovernmentalism andparliamentarisation

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 10-06-2022

Autor externo COSTA OliverÁmbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derecho

de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | SemestreEuropeo | Transposición y aplicación de la legislación

Resumen This study, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and ConstitutionalAffairs at the request of the AFCO Committee, analyses the evolutions of the modes of governance at EU level. Itshows that the so-called Community method has undergone a double evolution towards more intergovernmentalism,on the one hand, and more parliamentarisation, on the other. In particular, in recent years, the first trend hasdominated. The study proposes solutions to defend the centrality of the Community method and to increase theUnion’s capacity to act in an efficient, integrated and democratic way.

Estudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo DE, EN, FR, IT

The Conference on the Future of Europe and the European Council: How far is there a shared policyagenda for the future?

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 09-06-2022Autor DRACHENBERG Ralf

Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo rural | Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | Coronavirus | Cultura | Democracia |Derechos humanos | Educación | Empleo | Energía | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Medio ambiente |Politica social | Salud pública | Seguridad alimentaria | Seguridad y defensa

Resumen After one year of deliberation, the Conference on the Future of Europe (CoFoE) delivered its first result in the form of49 proposals, including concrete objectives, and more than 320 potential measures on ways of achieving them. As afollow up to the CoFoE, the European Parliament called on 4 May 2022 for the launch of a Convention under Article 48TEU; this request has also received the support of some EU leaders, notably the French President, EmmanuelMacron, the Italian Prime Minister, Mario Draghi, and the President of the European Commission, Ursula von derLeyen. The 23-24 June 2022 European Council meeting is expected to discuss the results of the CoFoE, and EUHeads of State or Government are likely to lay out their views on its possible follow-up. In this context, this EPRSBriefing addresses two complementary aspects of the discussions in the European Council. Firstly, it compares andanalyses, based on the annexed table, the objectives set by the CoFoE in its proposals with the Strategic Agenda2019-2024, as well as subsequent conclusions of the European Council, and identifies the areas of convergence anddifferences as well as ‘blank spots’. It thereby locates the potential common ground for (inter-)institutional follow-up tothe CoFoE. Secondly, it provides an overview of initial views on the possible follow-up to the CoFoE, by outliningrecent positions of EU leaders and EU institutions on the need for Treaty change.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 54

Investigación para la Comisión CULT -El Sistema de las Escuelas Europeas: situación actual, retos yperspectivas

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 09-06-2022

Autor externo Visionary Analytics: Simonas GAUŠAS (lead), Ildar DAMINOV, Elžbieta JAŠINSKAITĖ, Diana ČOP, Ilze MILEIKO,Greta GUDAUSKAITĖ plus external experts: Dr. Sandra LEATON GRAY, Dr. Stefanie PUKALLUS, John BULWER

Ámbito político Cultura | EducaciónEstudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT

Decentralisation reforms in the Western BalkansTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 08-06-2022Autor STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Decentralisation, and implementation of the principle of subsidiarity, are at the heart of both EU accession negotiations

with the Western Balkan countries and their accession-related reforms. As the region's six countries differ in populationsize, territory and history, their decentralisation models differ from each other as well. The European Commission andthe European Parliament are closely monitoring these countries' overall progress in multi-level governance and in theimplementation of the EU acquis on an annual basis.

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Russia's influence in the Western BalkansTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 08-06-2022Autor RUSSELL Martin | STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen The countries in the Western Balkans are traditionally a focus of Russian interests. The Russian Federation has strong

historical ties with the Western Balkans and holds a relative soft-power attraction for them, yet its influence andeconomic impact in the region are declining, as investment and aid by the EU-27 and other players, such as China,have been dwarfing Russian investment. This ‘At a glance’ note has been produced at the request of a member of theEuropean Committee of the Regions, in the framework of the cooperation agreement between the Parliament andCommittee. It updates a publication by Martin Russell from July 2017.

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Nominations for Members of the European Court of Auditors (The Netherlands)Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 08-06-2022Autor FRANKE Michaela | JOUENNE--PEYRAT FRANCOIS JULIEN PATRICK | POUWELS Alexandra Cynthia Jana

Ámbito político Control presupuestario | PresupuestoResumen At national level, the Dutch supreme audit institution, the Netherlands Court of Audit (Algemene Rekenkamer), is

headed by three board members, who are appointed for life. However, board members can either end their term ontheir own initiative. They have to retire when they reach the age of 70. The Dutch Supreme Court (Hoge Raad) canalso decide to end their mandate following misconduct, based on the compatibility law.

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Ecodesign for sustainable productsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 08-06-2022Autor SAJN Nikolina

Ámbito político Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Protección de los consumidoresResumen On 30 March 2022, the European Commission put forward a proposal for a regulation establishing a general

framework for setting ecodesign requirements for sustainable products, repealing rules currently in force whichconcentrate on energy-related products only. The regulation would lay down rules that would apply to all products onthe internal market, with the aim of making them more durable, reusable, reparable, upgradable, recyclable andgenerally less harmful to the environment. The regulation would include rules on a digital product passport, greenpublic procurement and banning the destruction of unsold goods. Within the European Parliament, the file has beenreferred to the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. The proposal is in line with previousrequests by Parliament to broaden the scope of the ecodesign legislation to cover all main product groups, and tointroduce a digital product passport and green public procurement criteria. Reactions of stakeholders to the proposalvaried, from calling it a 'game-changer' and appealing for swift action on product-specific rules, to worries aboutpossible overlapping requirements and warnings about significant investments that would be required from businesses.First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 55

Combating hate speech and hate crime in the EUTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 07-06-2022Autor BAKOWSKI Piotr

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaResumen In recent times, the European Union (EU) has witnessed a sharp rise in hate speech and hate crime, yet EU law

criminalises such conduct only if related to a limited set of protected characteristics, such as race and ethnicity. TheCommission, with the support of the Parliament, seeks to address this limitation by extending the list of 'EU crimes'included in Article 83 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), to cover hate speech and hatecrime. This can only be done by a Council decision adopted by unanimity, with the Parliament's consent.

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EU action on ocean governance and achieving SDG 14Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 07-06-2022Autor SCHOLAERT FREDERIK | SMIT-JACOBS KARIN

Ámbito político Medio ambiente | Pesca | TransporteResumen The United Nations 2030 Agenda and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted in 2015, set the global

roadmap for achieving sustainable development. It includes SDG 14 on 'life below water', which focuses on thesustainability of the oceans, thereby recognising their essential role in life on our planet. Oceans contain 80 % of all lifeforms, produce more than 50 % of the Earth's oxygen and play a central role in regulating the climate. In addition, the'blue economy' provides 4.5 million direct jobs in the EU. It covers traditional sectors, such as fisheries, maritimetransport and coastal tourism, as well as innovative sectors, such as renewable ocean energy and the bluebioeconomy, which show great potential for sustainable blue growth. However, human activities threaten the health ofour oceans. The effects of climate change are devastating, resulting in rising water temperatures, acidification,increased flooding and loss of marine biodiversity. The combination with other man-made stressors, such as pollution,including from land-based resources, and overexploitation of marine resources exacerbates the problem, reduces theresilience of oceans and poses a serious threat to the planet as a whole. To manage maritime activities sustainablyand cope with different environmental pressures, the EU has implemented a wide range of policies. This includesestablished policies, such as the common fisheries policy, the marine strategy framework directive and the maritimespatial planning directive, as well as specific legislation related to marine litter. Other new initiatives under theEuropean Green Deal also play an important role in relation to ocean governance and sustainable blue growth, suchas the 2030 biodiversity strategy, the offshore renewable energy strategy, the 'Fit for 55' package and the newguidelines on aquaculture. The external dimension of EU policies, its international ocean governance agenda and itsglobal commitments make the EU a global player in shaping ocean governance and contribute to its commitment todeliver fully on SDG 14. On the occasion of World Oceans Day on 8 June 2022, this publication provides an overviewof the main EU policies and initiatives in the field of ocean governance.

Briefing EN

Multimedia EU action on ocean governance and achieving SDG 14

European declaration on digital rights and principlesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 07-06-2022Autor CAR POLONA

Ámbito político Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativosResumen Digital transformation concerns us all, in every aspect of our lives, from learning, working, communicating, doing

business, to interacting with administrations, shopping and enjoying culture. The online environment has become veryoften our first and sometimes our only space for interaction. To steer this process so that no one is left behind, theEuropean Commission tabled a draft declaration on digital rights and principles for a human-centred digitaltransformation. The declaration would serve as an overarching reference framework for the digital transformation,based on the principle that European Union rights and freedoms, as well as European values, should be respectedonline in exactly the same way as they are offline. The declaration is built around six themes: 1. people at the centre ofdigital transformation; 2. solidarity and inclusion; 3. freedom of choice; 4. participation; 5. safety and security; and 6.sustainability), and derives from primary and secondary EU law and EU case law. It does not confer new rights, asfundamental rights already apply online, nor does it replace existing proposals, but rather complements them instead.As such, it is not legally binding; it has primarily an advocacy role aimed at raising public awareness as well aspromoting digital rights worldwide. The three EU institutions, Commission, Council and Parliament, must now agree ona common text and sign it in the form of a solemn declaration.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 56

Bans on conversion 'therapies': The situation in selected EU Member StatesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 07-06-2022Autor DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA

Ámbito político Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidadResumen LGBTI conversion 'therapies' are practices that can be defined as 'any treatment aimed at changing a person's sexual

orientation or gender identity'. Ways to implement them include psychotherapy, medication, electroshock therapy,aversive treatments and exorcism. An alternative term used to describe these practices is sexual orientation andgender identity-expression change efforts (SOGIECE). They can bring about suicidal thoughts but also permanentphysical harm, suicide attempts, depression, anxiety, shame, self-hatred and loss of faith. The World HealthOrganization declassified homosexuality as a pathology or disease in 1990 and transsexuality in 2019. In their 2020report, the independent expert mandated by the United Nations Human Rights Council recommended that states banconversion 'therapy'. The European Parliament has strongly condemned all forms of discrimination against LGBTIpeople, including LGBTI conversion 'therapies'. Moreover, it has also made repeated calls on the Member States toban such practices. Within the European Union (EU), four Member States – Malta, Germany, France and Greece –have banned these practices, and many regions in Spain have placed administrative bans on them. Several otherMember States have proposed bills in this regard. While the various laws have a comparable structure, there arevariations in terms of whICH LGBTI+ groups are protected and what entities are covered by the bans and thesanctions imposed. Moreover, the definition of conversion 'therapy' differs slightly from one Member State to another.This briefing looks at the laws on conversion 'therapies' that are already in place or are proposed for adoption in someMember States. It then compares them, among other things, based on the definition of the practice, the scope ofprotection offered and the sanctions envisaged.

Briefing EN

John Hume: Northern Ireland's peace-maker and committed EuropeanTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 06-06-2022Autor CHRISTIE Aidan

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen Throughout his life, John Hume (1937-2020) sought to improve the circumstances of the people of Northern Ireland,

beginning in his home city of Derry (Londonderry to its unionist residents). Born just a decade and a half after partition,and in a city whose hinterland had been divided by the border, he naturally wished for the unification of Ireland. But hesaw that that could not be achieved without realistic plans, nor without a partnership between the two majorcommunities in Northern Ireland, unionist and nationalist. While working as a school-teacher, in the belief that theycould themselves better their lot, he drove forward a wide range of actions to improve the economic circumstances ofhis community – which was far from the priority of the unionist government in Belfast. A nationalist community that wasincreasingly vocal in calling for fairer treatment brought him a leading role in the civil rights movement in NorthernIreland, before he made the switch to elected office in the Northern Ireland Parliament. The Social Democratic andLabour Party (SDLP) that he co-founded was part of a short-lived power-sharing government in 1974, but it was to bea false dawn, followed by direct rule from London for more than two decades. With killings a part of everyday life inNorthern Ireland during the Troubles, John Hume argued incessantly that violence was not the means to bring aboutthe unification of Ireland, but rather that understanding and respecting each other's differences was the key to findingpeace. He worked continuously to bring together the different parties and governments, all of which needed to beinvolved to resolve the conflict, as shown by the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. In that, he was inspired by the model ofpost-war European integration. His own experience as a Member of the European Parliament for 25 years (1979-2004)confirmed that a more collaborative approach to addressing differences could pay off. The design of the structures inthe Good Friday Agreement owes much to his European experience, but it is thanks to his perseverance – in the faceof considerable risks to both him and his family – in persuading those wedded to violence that there was a peacefulsolution, that those institutions became reality.

Briefing EN

Safety of journalists and media freedom: trends in non-EU countries from a human rights perspectiveTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 06-06-2022Autor externo Jackie HARRISON, Sara TORSNER

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Democracia | Derechos humanos | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaResumen Since 2012 media freedom has been in general decline. While statistics for the 2002-2021 time-period show that the

number of killings of journalists has declined somewhat in recent years (since 2013), there has been a marked erosionof legally enabling environments and an increase in other damaging forms of targeted attacks on the media. Theseinclude non-lethal physical violence; legal, digital, psycho-social, gender and identity-based intimidation; and state-ledcapture of the media landscape, often accompanied by politically-motivated denigration and exclusion of critical mediavoices. Our findings show: (i) political journalism remains most at risk; (ii) major social shocks or crisis (exemplified bythe COVID-19 pandemic) have been widely used as pretexts for intrusive government measures to constrain mediafreedom; and (iii) media pluralism and independence are declining. Impunity remains unacceptably high with mostcases of killings remaining unresolved. Imprisonments are on the rise while online spaces are becoming increasinglyhostile and replete with gender-based hate speech. Countering the wide range of overt and covert threats will requirean unequivocal reversal of global trends towards authoritarian controls and suppression of independent media. Toundertake this, the European Parliament and concerned institutions need access to reliable data which reflects therealities of the multiple threats that impede the work of journalists globally.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 57

Euro area accession: assessment of the convergence path and COVID-19 implicationsTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 06-06-2022Autor externo Cinzia ALCIDI, Francesco CORTI, Andromachi GEORGOSOULI, Daniel GROS, Tamás KISS-GÁLFALVI

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen The process of nominal convergence of non-euro area countries has somewhat deteriorated since 2020, driven by an

amplification of pre-existing trends. While the COVID-19 seems to have had limited impact on key indicators, it madethe convergence process more challenging. Uncertainty driven by the war in Ukraine is making the inflation criterionmore difficult to meet and deteriorating economic prospects. Based on data until April 2022, Croatia meets all legalconvergence requirements and nominal criteria, for joining the euro in January 2023. The accession process forBulgaria is behind, reflecting its commitment to join in 2024, but also great legal and economic challenges. Animportant finding is that accession criteria have become de facto stricter than they were for countries that joined theEMU earlier. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of LifePolicies at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON).

Estudio EN

Fit for 55 packageTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 03-06-2022Autor ERBACH Gregor | JENSEN LISELOTTE

Ámbito político Medio ambienteResumen The 'fit for 55' package, presented in July and December 2021, is designed to realise the European Climate Law

objectives: climate neutrality by 2050 and a 55 % reduction of net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030,compared with 1990 levels. It consists of 13 interlinked proposals to revise existing EU climate and energy laws, andsix proposals for new legislation. The proposals aim to accelerate emission reductions in the sectors covered by theEU emissions trading system (ETS) and the sectors covered by the Effort-sharing Regulation, and to increase carbonremovals in the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector.

Briefing EN

Question time: Reducing the use of pesticides and strengthening consumer protectionTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 03-06-2022Autor LAANINEN Tarja

Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo rural | Medio ambiente | Protección de los consumidores | Seguridad alimentariaResumen The European Parliament has a range of supervisory and control powers, allowing it to exercise oversight over other

European Union institutions. To strengthen this oversight, Parliament has revived the practice of holding 'question time'with the European Commission and the High Representative during plenary sessions. For the June I session,questions to the Commission will concern pesticide use and consumer protection.

De un vistazo EN

Question time: EU external action to address the impact of the war in Ukraine on third countriesTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 03-06-2022Autor BILQUIN Bruno | CAPRILE ANNA | PICHON Eric | PRZETACZNIK Jakub

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Russia's war of aggression on Ukraine, beyond atrocities committed in the field, has grave consequences for the global

order, risking further destabilisation of many third countries. The EU and its Member States reacted with a series ofmeasures aimed at hindering Russia's expansionism, supporting Ukraine's defence and reconstruction, and mitigatingthe impact of the war on non-EU (third) countries. Parliament will use its powers of oversight in the revived 'questiontime' set for the June I plenary session to question the High Representative/Vice-President of the EuropeanCommission on progress with EU action to date.

De un vistazo EN

Domino effects of the warTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 03-06-2022Autor BOEHM Lasse | LAZAROU Eleni | SABBATI Giulio

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos exterioresResumen The war Russia unleashed on Ukraine has global repercussions, beyond the death toll and the human tragedy in

Ukraine itself, and the resulting refugee flows and wider destabilising effects on Europe's east. This infographic depictssome of the economic consequences of the war, for Europe, but also the rest of the world.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 58

Austria's National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Latest state of playTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 03-06-2022Autor HOFLMAYR MARTIN | KOWALD KAROLINE

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Empleo | Medio ambiente | Presupuesto | Semestre EuropeoResumen On 30 April 2021, Austria submitted its National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) to the European Commission,

in accordance with Article 18(1) of Regulation (EU) 2021/241 on the Recovery and Resilience Facility, RRF ('RRFRegulation'). The estimated total cost of the NRRP is €4 499 million. The maximum amount of grants available forAustria is €3 461 million, which corresponds to 0.9 % of Austria's gross domestic product (GDP). To implement theplan, Austria is therefore leveraging further amounts beyond the EU support, which will be supplied by the nationalbudget. The coronavirus crisis led to a reduction of real Austrian GDP by 6.6 % in 2020. As many other EU MemberStates, Austria has requested the maximum amount of available grants (non-repayable support). No loans have beenrequested. Requesting such loans – possible until 31 August 2023 – is not envisaged, as the Austrian NRRP notes.The current maximum financial allocation is indicative, based on the European Commission's autumn 2020 economicforecast for real GDP growth in 2020 and 2021. It will be revised by June 2022, based on actual out-turn data fromEurostat. In the Austrian NRRP, 58.7 % of EU resources will be allocated to actions intended to achieve a greentransition (RRF Regulation: 37 %), and 52.8 % will be allocated to the digital transformation; this is more than twice asmuch as the minimum target set by the RRF Regulation. The Austrian NRRP includes a significant number of reformsthat have the potential to support lasting structural changes also in other areas, such as the primary healthcaresystem, the reduction of red tape for businesses, and the modernisation of public administration. On 28 September2021, Austria received €450 million pre-financing, or 13 % of the financial contribution, according to Article 23(1) RRFRegulation. This briefing is one in a series covering all EU Member States.

Briefing EN

Climate Change and International Security Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 03-06-2022Autor LAZAROU Eleni

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen The risks climate change poses to global stability and international security are becoming increasingly palpable.

Today, in Europe and beyond, countries are increasingly aware of the challenges entailed by global warming andenvironmental degradation. The European Union has been at the forefront of raising climate concerns for over twodecades. Among the sectors affected, security and defence is not spared: climate change not only acts as a threatmultiplier, but also impacts capabilities and operational considerations. In the field of security and defence, thechanging environmental conditions are creating a necessity for international actors, including the EU, to expand theirconflict prevention tools, including defence-related instruments, and reassess existing policies in the light of newrealities. In that context, the EU is in a process of reconceptualising the link between climate change and defence, andis endeavouring to increase renewable energy use, foster energy efficiency, reduce the carbon footprint of the defenceforces, and avoid exacerbating climate-induced conflicts and crises. The European Green Deal, along with the 'conceptfor an integrated approach for climate change and security', the climate change and defence roadmap and initiativeslike the Strategic Compass, are setting ambitious goals for the EU's external and climate action for years to come. TheEuropean Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs has adopted a report welcoming the climate change and defenceroadmap. Among other things, the report underlines the link between climate change and state fragility; emphasisesthat the armed forces need to be more energy efficient; and calls for the climate-security nexus to be included as anew priority area for the United Nations–European Union strategic partnership on peace operations and crisismanagement. Members are due to vote on the report during Parliament's plenary session in June.

Briefing EN

Economic repercussions of Russia’s war on Ukraine – Weekly Digest 3 June 2022Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 03-06-2022Autor DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | GRIGAITE KRISTINA | MAGNUS Marcel | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA |

TURCU OVIDIU IONUTÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios

Resumen This paper provides a summary of recent economic, financial and budgetary decisions and developments followingPresident Vladimir Putin’s decision of 24 February to start a military attack against Ukraine. It includes recentinformation relating to the EU sanctions regime, recent economic estimates, and policies supporting economic andfinancial resilience, including the coordination of national economic and fiscal measures. It also highlights policyrecommendations made in the public domain to mitigate any adverse economic, financial and social effects and tosupport economic recovery in the EU and the Euro Area.

Análisis en profundidad EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 59

Genome editing in humans: A survey of law, regulation and governance principlesTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 03-06-2022Autor ANTUNES LUISA

Ámbito político Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Política de investigación | Protección de los consumidores |Salud pública

Resumen Genome editing is a powerful new tool allowing precise additions, deletions and substitutions in the genome. Thedevelopment of new approaches has made editing of the genome much more precise, efficient, flexible, and lessexpensive, relative to previous strategies. As with other medical advances, each such application comes with its ownset of benefits, risks, ethical issues and societal implications, which may require new regulatory frameworks. Importantquestions raised with respect to genome editing include how to balance potential benefits against the risk ofunintended harms; how to govern the use of these technologies, and how to incorporate societal values into salientclinical and policy considerations. This STOA study provides an overview of human genome editing applications and areview of the principles that guide the governance of genome editing in humans, at EU level and worldwide. The studyalso formulates a series of policy options targeted at basic research and to clinical applications, both somatic andgermline.

Estudio EN

Anexo 1 EN

La Casa Jean Monnet: un lugar de memoria europeoTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 02-06-2022Autor DESCHAMPS ETIENNE

Ámbito político CulturaPalabra clave fomento de la idea de Europa | historia de Europa | vivienda individual

Resumen Fiel a la voluntad de Jean Monnet y de sus colaboradores más cercanos, que soñaban con ver su casa familiartransformada en un lugar de recibimiento para los jóvenes, el Parlamento Europeo ha convertido este lugar dememoria abierto al público en el sitio ideal para conocer el funcionamiento de la Unión Europea y descubrir el entornode vida y de trabajo de uno de los arquitectos de la Europa que conocemos hoy. Fue en este lugar donde sefraguaron numerosos proyectos clave para el futuro de Francia y de Europa. Situado en las proximidades de París,pero apartado de la efervescencia de la capital francesa, Jean Monnet pudo desarrollar allí su visión de la paz y launidad europea. El Parlamento Europeo adquirió la casa en 1982. Hoy, gestionada directamente por la Casa de laHistoria Europea, la Casa Jean Monnet revela tanto el entorno privado de Monnet como su carrera y sus ideales,gracias a una exposición permanente y multimedia. La Casa Jean Monnet, que en 2013 recibió el distintivo francés«Maison des Illustres» (Casa de los ilustres), también forma parte de la red de casas políticas y fundaciones degrandes personalidades europeas que dirige el Parlamento Europeo. Actualmente, el Parlamento da una nueva vida ala Casa Jean Monnet, con el fin de dar a conocer mejor el trabajo de Monnet y transmitir sus valores de paz ysolidaridad a un público más amplio, mediante la organización de nuevas actividades y la celebración de numerososactos en Houjarray. Este briefing es una actualización de la versión publicada en septiembre de 2019.

Briefing ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Outcome of the special European Council meeting of 30-31 May 2022Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 02-06-2022Autor ANGHEL Suzana Elena | TORPEY REBECCA MARY

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Seguridad y defensaResumen Russia's continuing war on Ukraine was central to the EU leaders' debates at their special meeting on 30-31 May

2022. Closely linked to Ukraine, food security, security and defence, and energy were also high on the agenda. EUleaders approved €9 billion in special macro-financial assistance for Ukraine and agreed on a sixth package ofsanctions against Russia, including a ban on seaborne oil (two-thirds of imports) with a temporary exemption forpipeline oil imports. On food security, the European Council strongly condemned the impact of Russia's war on theglobal food supply chain and focused on ways to coordinate with international partners to ensure the global security offood supplies. In security and defence, the focus was on consolidation, rather than new strategic guidelines. EUleaders examined, but did not endorse, the 'investment gaps' analysis prepared, at their request, by the EuropeanCommission and the High Representative/Vice President of the Commission (HR/VP), Josep Borrell. They called onthe Council to take forward work on specific items, not least developing a 'joint EU defence strategic programming andprocurement' function. On energy, the EU leaders took stock of progress made since their Versailles meeting, onphasing out the EU's dependence on Russian fossil fuels. After presentation of the REPowerEU plan, they agreed thatwork should continue on supply diversification, renewables, energy efficiency, interconnection, infrastructure andpreparedness, including gas storage, price affordability and electricity market optimisation. The President of Cyprus,Nikos Anastasiades, briefed his colleagues on Turkey's assertive behaviour in the area of Varosha.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 60

Combating violence against women and domestic violenceTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 02-06-2022Autor ZANDERSONE Laura

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex anteResumen This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impact

assessment (IA) accompanying the above-mentioned proposal, submitted on 8 March 2022 and referred to theEuropean Parliament's Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM). European Commission PresidentUrsula von der Leyen announced in her political guidelines for the Commission's 2019-2024 term that the EUaccession to the Council of Europe's Istanbul Convention on preventing and combating violence against women anddomestic violence remains a key priority, and that the EU should do all it can to prevent domestic violence, protectvictims and punish offenders (IA, p. 6). The proposal is included in the 2022 Commission work programme and in thejoint declaration on EU legislative priorities for 2022. The EU gender equality strategy 2020-2025 reiterates thatgender-based violence and harassment have reached alarming levels, and remain under-reported and overlooked. Itannounces that action will be taken to tackle violence against women (VaW) and domestic violence. According to theCommission, the proposal sets out targeted rules for the protection of victims of VaW and domestic violence in order tostrengthen the actions taken by the Member States. The proposal aims to ensure minimum rules on the level ofprotection across the EU against such violence, regardless of whether it takes place online or offline.

Briefing EN

Financial institutions' exposures to fossil fuel assetsTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 02-06-2022Autor externo W.Beyene, M.Delis, S.Ongena

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosResumen Many financial institutions have warned that the transition to a low-carbon economy could cause a major shock to fossil

fuel valuation, with the potential for systemic risk. This paper discusses disclosure commitments and empiricalevidence in order to gauge the exposure of banks towards fossil fuel assets as well as the consequent implications forbanks’ balance sheets and for financial stability.

Estudio EN

Revisión del Reglamento de reparto del esfuerzoTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor YOUGOVA Dessislava

Ámbito político Medio ambienteResumen La legislación de la Unión en materia de reparto del esfuerzo cubre las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en

sectores que no están regulados por el régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE. A fin de reducir lasemisiones en estos sectores durante el período 2021-2030, en el Reglamento de reparto del esfuerzo (RRE) seestablecen objetivos nacionales vinculantes y asignaciones anuales de emisiones para cada Estado miembro, quedefinen la trayectoria que debe seguir para reducir las emisiones. El 14 de julio de 2021 la Comisión presentó unapropuesta de Reglamento de modificación de la legislación vigente. El Parlamento Europeo tiene previsto someter lapropuesta a votación durante el período parcial de sesiones de junio I, y fijar así su posición para los diálogostripartitos.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Informe de 2021 sobre TurquíaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Las relaciones de Turquía con las Comunidades Europeas/Unión Europea se remontan a 1959, con momentos clave

como el Acuerdo de Asociación de Ankara (1963) y la unión aduanera (1995). Turquía es un socio estratégicofundamental para la Unión en materia de migración, seguridad, lucha contra el terrorismo y comercio. Sin embargo,tras un retroceso democrático en el país, el Consejo congeló las negociaciones de adhesión. En conjunto, lasrelaciones entre la UE y Turquía han mejorado ligeramente en el último año. Está previsto que la posición delParlamento sobre el informe anual de 2021 de la Comisión se vote durante el período parcial de sesiones de junio de2022.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 61

Obtener el derecho de iniciativa legislativa del ParlamentoTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor KOTANIDIS Silvia

Ámbito político DemocraciaResumen Durante el período parcial de sesiones de junio I, se espera que el Parlamento Europeo vote una resolución sobre una

cuestión crucial para esta institución, la de adquirir el derecho «directo» de iniciativa, prerrogativa que ya tienen losParlamentos nacionales en los Estados miembros. Este debate se produce en un momento en que, tras la conclusiónde la Conferencia sobre el Futuro de Europa, se contempla la posibilidad de abrirse a reformas de la Unión másamplias y de mayor alcance.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Normas en materia de emisiones de CO2 para turismos y furgonetas nuevosTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor ERBACH Gregor

Ámbito político Medio ambienteResumen El paquete «Objetivo 55» contiene varias propuestas legislativas destinadas a reducir las emisiones de CO2 en el

sector del transporte. Las emisiones en este sector apenas han disminuido desde 2005 debido al aumento de lademanda de transporte. Una de las propuestas aborda las emisiones del transporte por carretera mediante elestablecimiento de normas más estrictas en materia de emisiones de CO2 para turismos y furgonetas nuevos.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Revisión del régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE: aviaciónTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor JENSEN LISELOTTE

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Medio ambienteResumen Las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) de la aviación se han incluido en el régimen de comercio de derechos de

emisión (RCDE) de la UE desde 2012. Debido a la presión internacional, existe una excepción para las emisiones devuelos con destino y origen en terceros países. Con la previsión de que las emisiones de la aviación aumenten hasta2050, la propuesta de la Comisión Europea de revisión del RCDE de la UE para el sector de la aviación, que formaparte del paquete «Objetivo 55», tiene por objeto garantizar que el sector contribuya a alcanzar los objetivosclimáticos. El Parlamento Europeo tiene previsto someter a votación su posición durante el período parcial desesiones de junio I.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Revisión del Reglamento sobre el uso de la tierra, el cambio de uso de la tierra y la silviculturaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor JENSEN LISELOTTE

Ámbito político Medio ambienteResumen Como parte del acuerdo sobre la Legislación Europea sobre el Clima de 2021, la Comisión Europea se comprometió a

revisar el Reglamento sobre el uso de la tierra, el cambio de uso de la tierra y la silvicultura (UTCUTS) para garantizarun aumento de las absorciones de carbono en el sector de aquí a 2030. La propuesta se incluyó en el paquete demedidas «Objetivo 55» de la Comisión. La función de sumidero de carbono del sector UTCUTS es parte esencial de lasenda que la Unión ha de recorrer en aras de la neutralidad en carbono. El Parlamento Europeo votará su posicióndurante el período parcial de sesiones de junio I, tras su aprobación en la Comisión de Medio Ambiente, Salud Públicay Seguridad Alimentaria.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Premio del Público LUX: tendiendo puentes culturales en toda EuropaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor KATSAROVA Ivana

Ámbito político CulturaResumen Cada año desde 2007, el Parlamento Europeo, que es el único parlamento del mundo que concede un premio

cinematográfico, da a conocer el cine europeo. A lo largo de los últimos quince años, el Premio LUX y su sucesor, elPremio del Público LUX, han contribuido a la promoción de más de cien películas, apoyando la difusión de(co)producciones europeas en un intento por superar las barreras lingüísticas y de distribución a las que se enfrenta laindustria cinematográfica europea. Las películas galardonadas han cosechado un gran éxito en la Unión y fuera deella, por lo que el Premio se ha convertido en un sinónimo de producción cinematográfica de calidad.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 62

La política exterior, de seguridad y de defensa de la Unión tras la invasión de Ucrania por parte de RusiaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor PRZETACZNIK Jakub

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Seguridad y defensaResumen La invasión rusa de Ucrania ha turbado la paz de Europa y alterado su situación en materia de seguridad. Este

cambio exige una adaptación adecuada de la política exterior, de seguridad y de defensa de la Unión, así como desus herramientas. Está previsto que el Parlamento Europeo vote un proyecto de recomendación a este respectodurante su período parcial de sesiones de junio.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Acuerdo y Protocolo de pesca UE-MauritaniaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor POPESCU Irina

Ámbito político PescaResumen El Acuerdo de pesca con Mauritania es el más importante de la UE en términos económicos y un elemento central de

la red de Acuerdos de la UE en África Occidental. Este marco de cooperación se está actualizando actualmente y elParlamento debe pronunciarse sobre la aprobación de la celebración de un nuevo Acuerdo y Protocolo durante elperíodo parcial de sesiones de junio I.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Instrumento de Contratación Pública InternacionalTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor SZCZEPANSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Comercio internacionalResumen El instrumento de contratación pública internacional, propuesto por primera vez en 2012 (propuesta revisada en

2016), está diseñado para facilitar la apertura recíproca de los mercados de contratación pública en países nopertenecientes a la Unión (terceros países). Está previsto que se utilice cuando un tercer país excluye de susmercados de contratación pública a los licitadores de la Unión. En consecuencia, los licitadores de tales paísespodrían estar sujetos a medidas que redujeran sus posibilidades de ganar una licitación en la Unión, e incluso se lespodría excluir por completo de los procedimientos de contratación pública. Se espera que el Parlamento vote duranteel período parcial de sesiones de junio de 2022 un acuerdo alcanzado entre los colegisladores en las negociacionestripartitas.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Fondo Social para el ClimaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor WILSON Alex Benjamin

Ámbito político Energía | Politica socialResumen Como parte del paquete de medidas «Objetivo 55», la Comisión ha propuesto la creación de un Fondo Social para el

Clima con el fin de compensar a los hogares, las microempresas y los usuarios del transporte vulnerables por algunosde los costes de la transición ecológica. El Fondo se financiaría principalmente mediante la ampliación del régimen decomercio de derechos de emisión de la Unión para cubrir los sectores de los edificios y el transporte. Los miembrosdebatirán sobre el Fondo Social para el Clima durante el período parcial de sesiones de junio I de 2022.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

World Bicycle DayTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor KISS Monika

Ámbito político TransporteResumen In 2018, the United Nations declared 3 June World Bicycle Day. Cycling represents a growing share of mobility. It is a

healthy, green and flexible means of transport that helps achieve savings and generate jobs. However, a lot remains tobe done when it comes to safety and suitable cycling infrastructure across the EU. Although the regulatory frameworkon cycling is determined at Member State level, with concrete action shaped locally, the EU provides best practiceadvice and financial support for infrastructure development. For its part, the European Parliament has regularlyhighlighted the importance of cycling and supported it as a means of transport.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 63

What if we built cities on water?Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor ANTUNES LUISA

Ámbito político Política de investigaciónResumen Since ancient times, from the Roman Empire around the Mediterranean Sea to floating islands used by the Uro people

of Peru, civilisations have settled near water. Today, rising sea levels place coastal cities under constant threat. Anestimated 250 million people currently live on land below projected annual flood levels, often in coastal cities such asLondon, Lagos, Mumbai or Shanghai; and this number may rise to 630 million by the end of the century. An additional318 million people have been displaced since 2018, due to climate disasters. Many of these cities have already takenmeasures to adapt to rising sea levels. Shanghai is protected by a gigantic protection system, while New York City hascreated a system to shield its island-located economic borough of Manhattan. The government in Indonesia took oneof the most drastic actions, deciding to move its entire capital inland, mainly because it was sinking and experiencedregular flooding. The location of the new capital, Nusantara, has been criticised for leading to the displacement ofindigenous populations and the destruction of vast areas of natural rain forest, essential to counteracting climatechange. Could it be that, instead of humankind fleeing from water, building on it could serve as a better long-termsolution? What would the creation of entire water cities entail for societies, economies and the environment? What ifpopulations could live on water instead of facing displacement and migration? The combined effects of climate change,land subsidence and accelerated urbanisation could force us to rethink the use of water surfaces on Earth as potentialsettlement areas, as an alternative to an Earth surface made uninhabitable by over-population and climatecatastrophes.

De un vistazo EN

Multimedia Building cities on water

EU regional policy in the ArcticTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor D'AMBROGIO Enrico

Ámbito político Desarrollo regionalResumen Local communities in the Arctic face a unique set of challenges, including remoteness, depopulation and a severe

climate and topography. EU regional policy can support development in the European Arctic through investmentsunder the European structural and investment funds, delivered through regional development and European territorialcooperation programmes, with further support also available in the form of a special aid allocation for northern sparselypopulated regions. Structural funds represent an important source of funding for regional development in the EuropeanArctic and have helped regenerate the regional economy and create jobs through the development of new activitiessuch as high-tech innovation and tourism. Numerous challenges remain, however, with critics pointing to a limitedfocus on transport infrastructure, weak complementarity between EU funds in the region and problems in terms ofparticipation, with small organisations often lacking the necessary know-how or resources. Taken together with theregion's growing strategic importance and the continued need to tackle climate change, this has led to increasedefforts to formulate a policy outlining the EU's approach towards the Arctic. The joint communication on 'a stronger EUengagement for a peaceful, sustainable and prosperous Arctic', adopted in October 2021, confirms the Union'sengagements stated in the 2016 communication: the three overarching priorities (peaceful cooperation, tacklingclimate change and environmental threats, and sustainable development) remain, and most of the measures that itoutlines continue pre-existing activities. Meanwhile there is an accent on stimulating an innovative and green transition,in line with the EU's 'Fit for 55' policy. The prospects for peaceful development of the Arctic will have to take account ofan increasingly challenging geopolitical situation in the region, exacerbated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine and thesuspension of cooperation with Moscow.

Briefing EN

Security threats to undersea communications cables and infrastructure – consequences for the EUTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor externo Christian BUEGER, Tobias LIEBETRAU, Jonas FRANKEN

Ámbito político Seguridad y defensaResumen The EU’s subsea data cable network is both vital for global connectivity and vulnerable. This study provides a

systematic review of the current security threats, as well as the actors at the origin of these threats. Building on reportsand expert input, the paper takes stock of current awareness, preparedness and response mechanisms, both at theEU and Member State level. A number of recommendations suggest how to improve the resilience of the cablenetwork. Proposals build on the need to enhance EU-wide awareness, improve coordination and share informationacross EU institutions and Member States. In addition, surveillance capabilities must be advanced, response andrepair mechanisms strengthened, and the topic mainstreamed across external action.

Análisis en profundidad EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 64

The extent of the European Parliament’s competence in Common Security and Defence PolicyTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor externo Carolyn MOSER; Steven BLOCKMANS

Ámbito político Seguridad y defensaResumen In recent years, security and defence policy has become one of the most burgeoning fields of European cooperation,

and the war in Ukraine is further accelerating this integration dynamic. Yet, the formal role of the European Parliament(EP) has not been recalibrated to fit this new setting. Indeed, as the intergovernmental blueprint of the CommonSecurity and Defence Policy (CSDP) remains unaltered, the EP’s role is limited. In light of the rapidly growing scope ofCSDP activities and initiatives, which are likely to further expand given the present geopolitical context, one mightwonder whether the way in which parliamentary prerogatives set out in EU law are put into practice is compatible withthe Union’s general principles of democracy, sincere cooperation, and institutional balance. This in-depth analysis findsthat, by virtue of the fundamental democratic principle underpinning the EU edifice, the EP undeniably has a role toplay in the CSDP realm. Despite the EP’s more limited involvement in relation to CSDP than to other policy fields, itcannot plausibly be construed so narrowly as to undermine the democratic principle applying to any decision-makingprocess at the EU level – both ex ante and ex post. Respect for the right to information constitutes the very basis forboth the EP’s role in democratic oversight and its ability to hold the Commission, which is increasingly active in thefield of defence, to account.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Applications, risks, and ethical and societal impactsTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 01-06-2022Autor externo DG, EPRS

Ámbito político Política de investigaciónResumen In recent years, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine and healthcare has been praised for the great promise

it offers, but has also been at the centre of heated controversy. This study offers an overview of how AI can benefitfuture healthcare, in particular increasing the efficiency of clinicians, improving medical diagnosis and treatment, andoptimising the allocation of human and technical resources. The report identifies and clarifies the main clinical, socialand ethical risks posed by AI in healthcare, more specifically: potential errors and patient harm; risk of bias andincreased health inequalities; lack of transparency and trust; and vulnerability to hacking and data privacy breaches.The study proposes mitigation measures and policy options to minimise these risks and maximise the benefits ofmedical AI, including multi-stakeholder engagement through the AI production lifetime, increased transparency andtraceability, in-depth clinical validation of AI tools, and AI training and education for both clinicians and citizens.

Estudio EN

The Gulf region: Economic indicators and trade with EUTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 31-05-2022Autor MACSAI GYORGYI

Autor externo Tkalec, IgorÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional

Resumen This infographic examines some economic differences and similarities among countries of the Gulf region and the EU,like GDP growth, GDP per capita and female labour force participation rate. In terms of trade, the Gulf region standsalready as an important source of oil and gas for the EU, these products contributing almost two-third of total imports ofthe latter from the Gulf region.

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Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights - June 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 31-05-2022Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Control presupuestario | Coronavirus | Democracia | Desarrollo regional | Medio

ambiente | Pesca | PresupuestoResumen The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments,

including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 65

Russia's war on Ukraine: Reflections on European security, neutrality and strategic orientationTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 31-05-2022Autor CLAPP SEBASTIAN

Ámbito político Seguridad y defensaResumen The Russian war on Ukraine has shattered long-held views that war was 'a thing of the past' on the European

continent. The new security situation has sparked debates in capitals all over Europe on security and defencearrangements, policies and strategic orientation. While it has become commonplace to argue that the EU has madesubstantial progress on European defence cooperation since 2016, the Strategic Compass, adopted in March 2022,represents a 'sea change' in EU defence landscape, according to High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairsand Security Policy/Vice-President of the European Commission (HR/VP), Josep Borrell. The return of war to Europehas given Member States the strongest push in decades to make progress on common European security anddefence. The Versailles Declaration promised significant progress and all eyes subsequently turned to the defence-focused European Council meeting in May 2022, to see whether EU leaders would take the first steps to live up tothese expectations. Following a request from Member State leaders at Versailles, the Commission has presented adefence investment gap analysis, to be endorsed at the May 2022 meeting. Following the Russian invasion, a long-held taboo was also broken when Member States agreed to finance the provision of lethal arms to Ukraine with fundsfrom the European Peace Facility (EPF). The war has also been a wake-up call for many EU countries when it comesto their defence policies and budgets. Many Member States announced significant increases in their defence budgetsand U-turns in their defence policies, perhaps most notably Germany, which appears to be entering a new era in itssecurity and defence policy. Moreover, Denmark is seeking to scrap its EU common security and defence policy(CSDP) opt-out. The war has also sparked debates in neutral and non-aligned states. Finland and Sweden haveofficially decided to apply for NATO membership, and countries such as Austria, Ireland and Malta have also started areflection process on security, defence and neutrality.

Briefing EN

Technical support provided to EU Member StatesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 31-05-2022Autor HAASE Diana

Ámbito político Control presupuestario | PresupuestoResumen The Committee on Budgetary Control (CONT) organised a public hearing with the aim to get a better understanding

about technical support and related challenges, especially concerning the areas of better administration, digitalisationand EU funds implementation. This briefing provided background information to this debate that took place 21 April2022. It examines technical support as well as relevant technical assistance activities and provides a short insight intolinks between such support and administrative capacity building. The theme of this hearing is technical support; theinstruments set up for this purpose are relatively new and, as it will be explained later, the availability of coherent andall encompassing lessons drawn from their experience is still limited. There are however possible overlaps, or rathersynergies and complementarities with technical assistance activities in different policy areas. The author chosecohesion policy where technical assistance activities have been pursued for decades, and co-financing of projectsaiminig at administrative capacity building has been prominent for several programming periods. Lessons learnt in thecohesion area can also feed the debate, as it is also obvious from the strong interservice cooperation among thedifferent Commission services involved in technical support or assistance and administrative capacity building.

Briefing EN

Demographic Outlook for the European Union 2022Tipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 31-05-2022Autor KISS Monika | NEGREIRO ACHIAGA Maria Del Mar | Niestadt Maria | NIJENHUIS CAROLIEN MARTINA | VAN

LIEROP ChristiaanÁmbito político Empleo | Politica social

Resumen The latest demographic data show that existing demographic tendencies, such as increasing median age, decliningfertility rates and a shrinking working age population, continue to prevail. However, it is also becoming clear that theinfluence of the pandemic in 2021 was more significant than during the previous year – for instance, 'excess mortality'increased even further, while life expectancy decreased in many Member States. The pandemic also acceleratedanother phenomenon, present in our lives in recent decades: the digital transition. Social distancing measuresfavoured automation and digitisation, an increased use of e-government, and led to higher rates of remote working.Parallel to this, new problems and challenges appeared, touching diverse demographic groups in different ways and todiffering degrees. Digital fraud, cyber-threats, digital dependency and a deepening digital divide pose more and morechallenges for citizens and the EU.

Estudio EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 66

Regulatory divergences in the draft AI act: Differences in public and private sector obligationsTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 31-05-2022Autor externo DG, EPRS

Ámbito político Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Planificación prospectiva | Política de investigación |Protección de los consumidores

Resumen This study identifies and examines sources of regulatory divergence within the AI act regarding the obligations andlimitations upon public and private sector actors when using certain AI systems. A reflection upon possible impacts andconsequences is provided, and a range of policy options is suggested for the European Parliament that could respondto the identified sources of divergence. The study is specifically focused on three AI application areas: manipulative AI,social scoring and biometric AI systems. Questions regarding how and when those systems are designated asprohibited or high-risk and the potentially diverging obligations towards public versus private sector actors and therationale behind it, are described.

Estudio EN

Anexo 1 EN

The Green Deal ambition: Technology, creativity and the arts for environmental sustainabilityTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 31-05-2022Autor externo DG, EPRS

Ámbito político Cultura | Educación | Energía | Industria | Medio ambienteResumen Responding to the challenge of rebuilding a resilient, sustainable, beautiful and more socially inclusive Europe, while

facing a climate crisis and a pandemic, the New European Bauhaus has been launched as a comprehensiveprogramme to break down silos and go beyond innovation within specific sectors. In its efforts to foster collaborationbetween arts, technology, science, social and cultural enterprises, citizens and institutions, the New EuropeanBauhaus wishes to be open to insights, ideas and constructive criticism. This study combines knowledge gleaned froma literature review of the most up to date publications dealing with innovation in the technology and arts sectors withunderstanding gained from interviews with players from a diverse range of industries, professional sectors, institutionsand societal groups.

Estudio EN

Anexo 1 EN

AI and digital tools in workplace management and evaluation: An assessment of the EU’s legal frameworkTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 31-05-2022Ámbito político Derecho contractual, Derecho mercantil y Derecho de sociedades | Empleo | Industria | Mercado interior y unión

aduanera | Politica social | Política de investigación | Protección de los consumidoresResumen This study focuses on options for regulating the use of AI enabled and algorithmic management systems in the world

of work under EU law. The first part describes how these technologies are already being deployed, particularly inrecruitment, staff appraisal, task distribution and disciplinary procedures. It discusses some near-term potentialdevelopment prospects and presents an impact assessment, highlighting some of these technologies' most significantimplications. The second part addresses the regulatory field. It examines the different EU regulations and directivesthat are already relevant to regulating the use of AI in employment. Subsequently, it analyses the potential labour andemployment implications of the European Commission's proposal for a regulation laying down harmonised rules onartificial intelligence (AI act). Finally, it summarises the other ongoing EU policy debates relevant to the regulation of AIat work. The third and final part of this study reflects in detail upon the AI act and its potential impact on the existing EUsocial acquis. On this basis, it advances potential policy options across different EU legislative files, including but notlimited to the AI act, to ensure that regulation keeps pace with technological development. It also argues that the AI actshould 'serve' and complement – rather than over-ride – other regulatory standards that can already govern theintroduction and use of AI-enabled and algorithmic-management systems at work.

Estudio EN

Anexo 1 EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 67

The Economic and Investment Plan for the Western Balkans: assessing the possible economic, socialand environmental impact of the proposed Flagship projects

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 31-05-2022

Autor externo Will BARTLETT, Matteo BONOMI, Milica UVALICÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Desarrollo regional | Empleo | Energía | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas

en la práctica | Medio ambiente | TransporteResumen This study provides Members of the European Parliament and other interested stakeholders with an independent

evaluation of the likely economic, social and environmental impacts from the 10 Flagship projects of the Economic andInvestment Plan for the Western Balkans (EIP), adopted by the European Commission on 6 October 2020. On thebasis of a tailor-made methodology, the EIP projects’ impact is assessed according to their relevance, effectivenessand efficiency, as well as their synergies and coherence with the wider aims of the EIP and EU enlargement policy.The study identifies the novel aspects of these Flagship projects and considers lessons learned from previous EU andinternational assistance. Finally, the study evaluates the projects’ overall economic, social and environmental impactsas well as their transversal implications in the Western Balkans. In the concluding section, potential obstacles tosuccessful implementation are identified and some recommendations are proposed on ways to improve the EIP’sdevelopmental impact, thereby ensuring effective strategic guidance and scrutiny by the European Parliament.

Estudio EN

The situation of Article 2 TEU values in Malta - LIBE mission to Malta 23-25 May 2022Tipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 31-05-2022Autor MARZOCCHI Ottavio

Ámbito político Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidad | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Espacio delibertad, seguridad y justicia

Resumen This study, written by the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs, at the request of theEuropean Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs - Democracy, Rule of Law andFundamental Rights Monitoring Group, examines the situation of Democracy, the Rule of Law and Fundamental Rightsin Malta and how Article 2 TEU values are respected and implemented in the country.

Estudio EN

The primacy of EU law and the Polish Constitutional law judgmentTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 31-05-2022Autor externo Niels PETERSEN, Patrick WASILCZYK

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos |Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica

Resumen This study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and ConstitutionalAffairs at the request of the LIBE Committee. It analyses the consequences of the judgment of the Polish ConstitutionalTribunal for the legal relationship between Poland and the EU, compares it to the case law of other Member States’highest courts and makes policy recommendations on how to deal with the judgment.

Estudio EN

Member States' defence investment and capability gapsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-05-2022Autor CLAPP SEBASTIAN

Ámbito político Seguridad y defensaResumen Russia's war on Ukraine has been a wake-up call for many EU Member States when it comes to their defence budgets

and capabilities, leading them to announce significant increases in their defence budgets after collaborative spendingreached new lows in 2020. EU leaders made significant commitments on defence investment and capabilities at theVersailles Summit, which were subsequently underlined in the Strategic Compass. As a first step, the Commissionpresented a defence investment gap analysis on 18 May 2022. The analysis will be discussed at the special meeting ofthe European Council on 30-31 May 2022.

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01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 68

Outlook for the special European Council meeting of 30-31 May 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-05-2022Autor ANGHEL Suzana Elena

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Democracia | Energía | Seguridad y defensaResumen On 30 and 31 May 2022, EU Heads of State or Government will meet for the fourth time since the outbreak of Russia’s

war on Ukraine, to discuss developments in and support for the invaded country. Three other inter-connected topics -security and defence, energy and food security - will also be on the agenda. EU leaders are expected to take stock ofthe defence investment gaps analysis presented by the European Commission and the High Representative/VicePresident of the Commission (HR/VP), Josep Borrell, and to give further guidelines. Their debate on energy could be aheated one as Member States agree on the main principle – cutting off the EU’s dependency on Russian fossil fuels –but disagree on the method and pace. With respect to food security, EU leaders are expected to consider thedisruptive impact of Russia’s war on Ukraine on food supply chains and on prices in the EU and its neighbourhood.

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Research for PECH Committee - Artificial Intelligence and the fisheries sectorTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-05-2022Autor LECARTE Jacques | MILT Kristiina

Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | PescaResumen This At a glance note summarises the study on Artificial Intelligence and the fisheries sector

De un vistazo EN

The European Council and defence cooperation: Overview of debates and way forwardTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 30-05-2022Autor ANGHEL Suzana Elena

Ámbito político Seguridad y defensaResumen European defence cooperation has been a 'rolling' item on the European Council's agenda for the past decade and will

continue to feature high as the new Strategic Compass is being implemented. Russia's war on Ukraine has altered theEuropean security architecture, accelerating cooperation in defence, a policy area where the European Council hasshown both commitment, by issuing periodic policy guidelines and following up on them, and continuity, by maintainingthe topic on its agenda on a regular basis. With the adoption of the Versailles declaration of 10 11 March 2022, EUleaders positioned investment, capabilities, the defence industry and the defence market at the core of their currentdebate on European defence cooperation.

Briefing EN

Monitoring the EU's economic recovery: A promising start threatened by an unstable backdropTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 30-05-2022Autor D'ALFONSO Alessandro | DELIVORIAS Angelos | SABBATI Giulio

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | PresupuestoResumen The Covid-19 pandemic was a severe blow to EU Member States. Thanks to rapid and resolute responses at Member

State and EU level, the economic impact of the pandemic was less severe than initially forecast and – at least untilearly 2022 – the economy seemed on the way to recovery. New challenges, both external (such as Russia’s war onUkraine) and internal (such as inflation) could jeopardise this, however. In its Spring 2022 Economic Forecasts, theEuropean Commission has revised the EU’s growth outlook downwards, and inflation forecasts upwards. In thatcontext, this publication, the first in a series to be updated twice a year, aims to track the state of the EU economy andthe trend of the recovery. It partly follows Eurostat’s ‘recovery dashboard’, in choosing GDP, inflation, theunemployment and ‘not in employment, education or training’ (NEETs) rates, as well as the deficit and debt indicators.The unemployment and NEETs rates, however, are broken down by gender, to highlight the significant differencesfaced by women in the labour market. Similarly, the publication focuses on the main components of the harmonisedindex of consumer prices (HICP), to show the various trends and their evolution over the past three years. In addition,it provides information on the use of the extraordinary tools the EU created to mitigate the socio-economic impact ofthe pandemic and promote a quality recovery: the three safety nets initially established for workers, businesses andsovereigns, as well as the subsequent ground-breaking Next Generation EU (NGEU) recovery instrument with itsRecovery and Resilience Facility (RRF).

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 69

ReFuelEU Aviation initiative: Summary of the Commission proposal and the Parliament's draft committeereport

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 30-05-2022Autor SOONE Jaan

Ámbito político TransporteResumen On 14 July 2021, the European Commission presented the fit for 55 package – including a number of proposals to help

cut emissions from transport. The package includes a proposal to increase production and use of sustainable aviationfuels (SAF), also known as the ReFuelEU Aviation initiative. In this proposal, the Commission puts forward obligationson fuel suppliers to distribute SAF when supplying fuel at EU airports, in order to enhance SAF uptake by airlines andso help reduce emissions from aviation. The Commission also wants to ensure that jet fuel uptake does not go beyondwhat is needed for safe operation of flights, to prevent additional emissions related to extra weight of aeroplanescarrying excessive amounts of fuel. This, in conjunction with the SAF supply obligation, is intended to ensure that allflights departing from larger EU airports carry a minimum amount of SAF. In the European Parliament, the Committeeon Transport and Tourism (TRAN) is responsible for the file. In his draft report, the rapporteur Søren Gade (RenewEurope, Denmark) has proposed several changes to the Commission's approach. The TRAN committee draft reportaims, inter alia, to provide aircraft operators and fuel suppliers with more flexibility to arrange SAF distribution, initiallyextending the transition period. Moreover, it suggests widening the rules' scope to encompass more airports; wants toencourage investment in electric and hydrogen propulsion technology; and calls for the development of anenvironmental labelling scheme to further encourage SAF use. The vote in the TRAN committee is tentativelyscheduled for June 2022.

Briefing EN

Revision of Directive 2014/42/EU on the freezing and confiscation of the proceeds of crime and proposalfor a new directive on asset recovery offices

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 30-05-2022Autor HUEMER MARIE-ASTRID

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la prácticaPalabra clave beneficio | confiscación de bienes | Consejo de Europa | crimen organizado | embargo de bienes | lucha contra la

delincuencia | ONU | policía judicial | programa de la UEResumen Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime is a key tool for depriving criminals of ill-gotten gains that could

be reinvested in further criminal activities. Directive 2014/42/EU on the freezing and confiscation of instrumentalitiesand proceeds of crime was adopted in 2014 to harmonise the rules by introducing minimum standards. In 2019,following a joint statement by the Parliament and Council, a dedicated staff working document on non-conviction basedconfiscation measures in the EU was prepared by the Commission, followed in June 2020 by a report, Asset recoveryand confiscation: ensuring crime does not pay, assessing the opportunity to introduce new rules. In its 2021 workprogramme, the Commission announced its intention to revise the 2014 Directive, as well as Council Decision2007/845/JHA on asset recovery offices, both being closely interlinked. This implementation appraisal looks at thepractical implementation of the directive in light of the expected Commission proposal for its revision. The Commissionwork programme had planned the proposal for the fourth quarter of 2021; it was postponed to the second quarter of2022.

Briefing EN

Commission proposal on corporate sustainability due diligence: analysis from a human rights perspectiveTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 30-05-2022Autor externo Claire METHVEN O'BRIEN, Olga MARTIN-ORTEGA

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | Derechos humanos | Medio ambienteResumen On 23 February 2022, the European Commission (EC) published its proposal for a corporate sustainability due

diligence directive. This In-depth Analysis for the European Parliament Sub-Committee on Human Rights (DROI)initially presents the EC proposal and its main features, contextualising these against broader European andinternational developments in business and human rights regulations. It then undertakes an in-depth comparativeanalysis of the EC’s 2022 draft Directive against (i) the position adopted by the Foreign Affairs Committee(AFET/DROI) in its opinion for the Legal Affairs Committee of 25 November 2020; (ii) the final EP position as adoptedin March 2021. This is followed by evaluation of the EC draft Directive’s approach on key elements relating to humanrights and environmental due diligence from the point of view of human rights standards and in light of the rationalepresented in the EC’s Impact Assessment Report (23 February 2022) and Annexes (29 March 2022). Overall, theanalysis provides an assessment of the extent to which key positions of AFET/DROI and the Parliament regardinghuman rights due diligence, as well as relevant international and regional legal standards, policies and guidance, areeither reflected in the EC draft Directive or might be better reflected in it.

Análisis en profundidad EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 70

How have major economies responded to the COVID-19 pandemic?Tipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 30-05-2022Autor externo N. Valla, F. Miguet

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | CoronavirusResumen This paper provides an overview of the policy measures applied in the EU to address the COVID-19 crisis and their

macroeconomic consequences. It focuses on the macroeconomic impact on labour markets, external balances,financial markets and the corporate sector. The paper also examines the impact on longer-term growth andproductivity. Impacts on public finances and debt sustainability are analysed independently, with considerationsregarding prospective growth, interest rate and inflation developments. As the policy focus transitions from crisismanagement to a longer-term policy for sustainable growth and well-being, the paper provides policyrecommendations. It presents the impact of the crisis on the link between national and EU-level policies, and theuniverse of feasible options for the architecture and governance of EMU, as well as the future of the fiscal frameworkgoing forward.

Estudio EN

Fit for 55: EU framework to decarbonise gas markets and promote hydrogenTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 25-05-2022Autor TENHUNEN Susanna

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex antePalabra clave energía renovable | estudio de impacto | gas natural | hidrógeno | mercado de la energía | mercado único | neutralidad

en carbono | política energética de la Unión | propuesta (UE) | red de energía | seguridad de abastecimiento |suministro de gas

Resumen This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impactassessment (IA), accompanying the above-mentioned proposals, adopted on 15 December 2021 and referred to theEuropean Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy. The Commission proposals to recast the 2009Gas Regulation (EC) 715/2009 on conditions for access to the natural gas transmission networks and Directive2009/73/EC on common rules for the internal market in natural gas are underpinned by the need to decarbonise EUenergy systems and to respond to significant market changes.

Briefing EN

PETI Fact-finding visit to Hauts-de France - 23-25 May 2022Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 25-05-2022Autor HEEZEN JOHANNES

Ámbito político TransportePalabra clave aparcamiento | Francia | petición | red de carreteras | Rumanía | seguridad en carretera | transporte de mercancías |

transporte de superficieResumen The PETI Committee decided to organise a fact-finding visit to Hauts-de-France (France) from 23 to 25 May 2022

concerning petition 549/2021 by Romanian Asociatia civica Voluntari in Europa on the poor safety conditions in carparks for trucks and commercial vehicles on the European road network. This briefing, written by Policy DepartmentC, describes the general and legal background.

Briefing EN

FEMM mission to The Hague, Netherlands - 23-25 May 2022Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 25-05-2022Autor MAZZINI MARTINA

Ámbito político Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidad | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Politica socialPalabra clave espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Países Bajos | política europea de defensa | prostitución | toxicomanía | trata

de seres humanos | violencia sexualResumen The Women’s Rights and Gender Equality Committee decided to send a delegation to The Hague on 23-25 May 2022

to find out what is being done to prevent and combat human trafficking. This Briefing written by the Policy DepartmentC describes the actions undertaken by the National Government, the Judiciary, the European Commission, theEuropean Parliament, the European agencies and the United Nations. It provides also experts' opinions.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 71

Right to health, a comparative law perspective - CanadaTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 24-05-2022Autor externo Prof Dr Derek J. JONES, McGill University

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Asuntos exteriores | Coronavirus | Democracia | Democracia en laUE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Derechointernacional público | Derechos humanos | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluación de la legislación y laspolíticas en la práctica | Salud pública | Transposición y aplicación de la legislación

Resumen This study forms part of a larger Comparative Law project which seeks to present the right to health in a broad range oflegal systems around the world. After analyzing applicable constitutional sources, federal legislation and leading caselaw, the definition and content, scope and limits, and evolution of Canada's right to health are explored. The subject ofthis study is the Canadian legal system. This study begins with an overview of selected historic dangers to Canada'shealth, challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic, and how such historic tragedies help contextualize and nurture nationalhealth needs and duties towards emergence of a right to health. It then explores leading constitutional, statutory andjurisprudential developments at the confluence of health law and human rights as sources of a right to health. While aright to health is not expressly enumerated in the Canadian Constitution, diverse fundamental rights of the CanadianCharter of Rights and Freedoms have been significant drivers of access to medically necessary services and aprotectorate of health-related values. Many such rights have proved pivotal in Canada's early Covid litigation. As well,federal human rights law, federal legislation on health services and national public health and safety regulations,underscore the vital role that such laws play in accessing, protecting and promoting human health. The documentconcludes with an exploration of the contours of the right to health – its definitions, scope and breadth, and its interfacewith fundamental rights to liberty, security of the person, equality, bodily integrity, privacy, etc. Such Charter rightshave reformed Canadian law on abortion, euthanasia, health information privacy, solitary confinement. The studysuggests that Canada's right to health encompasses and transcends access to health care. The right is not static; but,dynamic and iterative. It continues to evolve on a spectrum from a narrow right to health services, to a right to healthprotection, towards a broader right to determinants of health. The right draws on and synergizes with correlative,health-related dignitary rights. Together, they comprise facets of a right to health in diverse contexts. As they advance,a more robust and developed right to health seems likely to emerge in Canadian law.

Estudio EN

Entrepreneurial Literacy and SkillsTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 24-05-2022Autor externo Yvette Baggen, Gaby Kaffka

Ámbito político Educación | EmpleoResumen Entrepreneurial literacy and skills (ELS) empower European citizens to act on economic opportunities and enable them

to adequately respond to ongoing impactful changes, such as the green transition, the ageing workforce and thedigitalisation. This research paper analyses relevant empirical indicators of ELS, highlights the role ofunderrepresented groups in entrepreneurship and discusses EU-funded mechanisms in relation to ELS. The researchpaper concludes with recommendations on policy-making in order to more effectively foster ELS among EU citizens.

Estudio EN

Protection against racism, xenophobia and racial discrimination, and the EU Anti-racism Action PlanTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 24-05-2022Autor externo Quentin LIGER, Asterisk Research and Analysis Mirja GUHTEIL, Asterisk Research and Analysis National research

was undertaken by Lilia YAKOVA (Centre for the Study of Democracy), Rosalina TODOROVA (Centre for the Study ofDemocracy), Victoria BOGDANOVA (Centre for the Study of Democracy ) and Dr Vessela HRISTOVA.

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la prácticaPalabra clave derechos humanos | enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | programa de actuación | racismo | xenofobia

Resumen This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and ConstitutionalAffairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, provides an analysis of the distinctive features of racism, xenophobia andracial discrimination in the EU and selected EU Member States. It further examines various forms of racism,xenophobia and racial discrimination and their target groups and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The studyassesses anti-racism policies and legislation to determine effectiveness of the national and EU legislation andmeasures envisaged in the EU Anti-racism Action Plan on eradicatation of racism, xenophobia and racialdiscrimination. The study identifies gaps that need to be filled and provides recommendations on how to createengagement at all levels to achieve meaningful change and equality.

Estudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo DE, EN, FR, IT

The primacy of European Union lawTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 24-05-2022Autor externo Jacques Ziller

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativosResumen This study, commissioned by the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs of the European

Parliament, explains the principle of the primacy of European Union law and its practical consequences, as establishedby the Treaty system and developed by Court of Justice case-law since 1964. It explains how Member State courtsaccept, interpret and apply the principle, subject to any limits.

Estudio EN, FR

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 72

Sri Lanka's debt crisisTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 23-05-2022Autor JOCHHEIM Ulrich

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen On 12 April 2022, the government of Sri Lanka announced that it had suspended all payments on government bonds,

had asked for a comprehensive restructuring of these obligations, and had turned to the IMF, which had earlierqualified ’the country's debt situation as 'unsustainable'. Discussions between the government and the IMF are underway, but the country could soon face a severe humanitarian and political crisis. These developments may also beconsequential for the strategic future orientation of both Sri Lanka and China.

De un vistazo EN

Václav Havel: Advocate of an undivided EuropeTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 23-05-2022Autor PAPE Marketa

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave Checoslovaquia | Chequia | jefe de Estado | movimiento pro derechos humanos | reseña histórica

Resumen Despite a 'bourgeois' family background, which was a disqualification in communist-led Czechoslovakia, Václav Havelrapidly became an internationally acclaimed playwright. However, his unequivocally proclaimed ethical principles soonput him at odds with the communist regime, resulting in several prison sentences. Havel nevertheless held fast to hisbelief that moral integrity was a question of necessity, not choice, and attempted to live up to this ideal. The 1989collapse of the regime made Havel a hero and, shortly after, an unlikely President. During his years in office, hemanaged to drive his country through the challenges of moving to a free market democracy, while maintaining hispersonal moral convictions and tirelessly advocating for larger issues of human rights, peace and democracy,underpinned by an active civil society. While Havel and his collaborators recast the foundations of today's Czech andSlovak democracies, his achievements in foreign policy have perhaps been even more important. Reminding Westerncountries of the dangers of a Europe that continued to be divided even after the removal of the Iron Curtain, Havel wasinstrumental in anchoring the new Czech Republic in western Europe, through its membership of the North AtlanticTreaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU). He both recognised and emphasised the importance ofcloser European cooperation based on shared values, which for Havel constituted the core of relations amongEuropean countries. A firm advocate of the Euro-Atlantic alliance, he supported the United States of America, even onoccasions when some other western European countries were reluctant to do so. With his political writings reaching farbeyond the circumstances in which they were written, Havel is considered one of the most important intellectuals of the20th century. He has received numerous honours and awards. One of the European Parliament's buildings inStrasbourg has borne Václav Havel's name since 2017. This is an update of a Briefing published in May 2020.

Briefing CS, DE, EN, FR

Equal pay for equal work between men and women: Pay transparency and enforcement mechanismsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 23-05-2022Autor LECERF Marie

Ámbito político Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidadPalabra clave condición de trabajo | discriminación económica | discriminación sexual | igualdad de género | igualdad de

remuneración | igualdad de trato | política de empleo de la UE | propuesta (UE) | remuneración del trabajoResumen Equal pay for equal work is one of the European Union's founding principles, enshrined in Article 157 of the Treaty on

the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). However, the implementation and enforcement of this principle remaina challenge. Due to a lack of pay transparency, pay discrimination often goes undetected and victims face difficulties inmaking a claim for redress. On 4 March 2021, the European Commission adopted a legislative proposal on bindingpay transparency measures. The proposed directive to strengthen the application of the principle of equal pay for equalwork or work of equal value between men and women through pay transparency and enforcement mechanismsfocuses on measures to ensure pay transparency, and better access to justice for victims of pay discrimination. TheCouncil agreed its approach on the proposal on 6 December 2021. On 15 November 2021, the joint committee –Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM) and Committee on Employment and Social Affairs(EMPL) – started taking stock of the 1 090 amendments tabled to the draft report. On 17 March, the EMPL and FEMMcommittees jointly adopted the report on the proposed directive, and voted in favour of entering into interinstitutionalnegotiations. Nevertheless, after its announcement in plenary on 23 March, a plenary vote was requested on thedecision. On 5 April 2022, the Parliament voted to confirm the committees' negotiating mandate on the proposal with aview to informal trilogue negotiations with the Council. Second edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings areupdated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing DE, EN, FR

Multimedia Equal pay for equal work between men and women: Pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 73

EU secure connectivity programme: Building a multi-orbital satellite constellationTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 23-05-2022Autor EVROUX CLEMENT THIERRY

Ámbito político Industria | Medio ambiente | Política de investigaciónPalabra clave cambio tecnológico | infraestructura de investigación | política de comunicación | satélite | seguridad informática |

transformación digital | técnica espacialResumen In the context of the twin digital and ecological transition, satellite communication is becoming a strategic asset for

governments and civil society alike. Complementary to terrestrial networks, it can contribute to seamless digitalcommunication, even when such networks are absent or disrupted. It builds on technological advances to ensure bothlow latency and global coverage, and the deployment of other emerging technologies such as quantum-basedcybersecurity. Today, the EU does not have the dedicated infrastructure (including space and ground segments) tooffer satellite communication services to governments, the economy, and civil society. Several EU global partners andcompetitors are investing in parallel in such capabilities. On 15 February 2022, the European Commission presented aproposal to improve the resilience of EU communications services by developing and operating multi-orbitalconnectivity infrastructure (with both space and ground segments) based on a public-partnership model. Governmentalservices would be operational from 2025, and private services at a later stage. In the European Parliament, theCommittee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) is responsible for the file; rapporteur is Christophe Grudler(Renew Europe, France). In the Council, work is ongoing in the working party on space. First edition. The 'EULegislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

International Agreements in Progress: Economic Partnership Agreement with the East African CommunityTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 23-05-2022Autor PICHON Eric

Ámbito político Comercio internacionalPalabra clave acceso al mercado | Asociación Europea de Centros Nacionales de Productividad | asociación internacional de la UE |

cláusula de reparto | Comunidad del África Oriental | derechos de emisión de la UE | franquicia aduanera | relacionesde la Unión Europea

Resumen The current partnership between sub-Saharan African, Caribbean and Pacific states (ACP) and the EU (the CotonouPartnership Agreement) has a provision making it possible for the EU to negotiate different economic partnershipagreements (EPAs) with regional ACP sub-groups. This provision was needed for the partnership to be aligned withthe World Trade Organization's rules. Negotiations for an EPA with the partner states of the East African Community(EAC) – at the time: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda – were finalised in October 2014. South Sudanand the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which joined the EAC in 2016 and 2022 respectively, did not take part inthe negotiations, but can join the agreement once it enters into force. As soon as this happens, the EU-EAC EPA willimmediately provide duty-free, quota-free access to the EU market to all EAC exports, combined with partial andgradual opening of the EAC market to imports from the EU. The EPA contains detailed provisions on sustainableagriculture and fisheries, rules of origin, and sanitary and phytosanitary measures. The parties are committed toconcluding additional negotiations within five years of the entry into force of the agreement. The signing of the EPA hasbeen stalled because of discussions within the EAC. Except for Kenya, all EAC partner states are least developedcountries, and still enjoy duty-free and quota-free access to the EU market. Some of them have pushed for furtherclarifications on the consequences of the EPA for their economies before the EAC endorses the agreement. Kenya isthe only EAC country to have ratified the agreement, in order not to lose free access to the EU market. It has nowentered negotiations to implement a bilateral interim EPA with the EU. Second edition. The 'International Agreementsin Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the process, from initial discussions through to ratification.To view the previous edition of this briefing, please see: PE 620.218, April 2018.

Briefing EN

Revision of Directive 98/71/EC on the legal protection of designs and of Regulation(EC) No 6/2002 onCommunity designs

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 23-05-2022Autor HUEMER MARIE-ASTRID

Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la prácticaResumen There are two types of intellectual property rights (IPRs): industrial property, which includes patents, trademarks,

industrial designs and models, and designations of origin; and copyright, which includes artistic and literary property.Directive 98/71/EC on the legal protection of designs and Regulation (EC) 6/2002 on Community designs (hereinafterCommunity design legislation or CDL when both texts are addressed simultaneously) are the backbone of EU law onCommunity designs. The directive set up the underlying principles for a harmonised legal framework, so that theconditions for obtaining protection of registered designs became equivalent in all Member States. Shortly afterwardsthe regulation was adopted to complement national systems, establishing an EU autonomous unitary system and,along with registered Community designs (RCDs), creating a new protection regime for unregistered Communitydesigns (UCDs). The Community design system is conceived to be easily accessible and affordable for all designrights holders throughout the EU. The CDL has proven its effectiveness in design protection and has helped to fosterinnovation and competition in this field (more than 1.4 million designs had been filed by the end of 2019 and more than813 000 RCDs were in force on 1 January 2020, with an increase of 6.5 % annually between 2003 and 2019). Incontrast, failure to apply the same protection to spare part designs resulted in adverse consequences on the singlemarket where there is no uniform system. Furthermore, with rapid technological progress and the green transition, thelegislation needs to be modernised in order to retain its added value. This implementation appraisal looks at thepractical implementation of Community design legislation in light of the expected Commission proposal for its revision.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 74

The revision of the Schengen Borders CodeTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 23-05-2022Autor EISELE Katharina

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluación de impacto ex antePalabra clave Acuerdo de Schengen | control fronterizo | estudio de impacto | extranjero | frontera exterior de la UE | frontera interior

de la UE | política migratoria de la UE | propuesta (UE) | viajeResumen The Commission demonstrates that the Schengen area has experienced considerable challenges in recent years and

makes a convincing case for the need to act. It made an effort to substantiate the initiative and to consult widely. TheIA is transparent about the lack of data, which results in a predominantly qualitative analysis. However, thepresentation of options leaves, in fact, only the choice of the preferred option. Moreover, one would have expected amore in-depth assessment of impacts – a point that was already highlighted by the RSB. The Commission did notprovide a comparative analysis between the 2017 proposal and the preferred option of the IA. The proposalcorresponds mostly to the preferred option, but includes some changes not reflected in the IA.

Briefing EN

Improving the quality of public spending in Europe - Green transformation policyTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 23-05-2022Autor HEFLICH ALEKSANDRA | SAULNIER JEROME LEON

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Medio ambiente | Presupuesto | Valor añadido europeoPalabra clave análisis económico | desarrollo sostenible | economía verde | gasto de la UE | hacienda pública | presupuesto de la UE

| recesión económicaResumen Linking national spending on the environment with the effects it has on the environmental performance of EU Member

States allows for a better assessment of the effective quality of budgetary interventions. In this analysis, based on thedetailed research paper in the Annex, we discuss under what circumstances some public environmental expenditurecould be spent more efficiently at EU rather than at national level. We estimate that this transfer towards a moreefficient level of governance would allow Member States to save between €20 billion and €26 billion of budgetaryspending per year. In the present exacerbated economic, social and environmental crisis, we conclude that reducingbudgetary waste and improving the way public money is spent should be fully integrated to achieve more sustainabledevelopment.

Estudio EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: Bilateral delivery of weapons and military aid to UkraineTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-05-2022Autor CLAPP SEBASTIAN

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Seguridad y defensaResumen In a united response to Russia's war on Ukraine, which started on 24 February 2022, EU Member States agreed to

supply Ukraine with military equipment, including equipment designed to deliver lethal force. As of 16 May, MemberStates had agreed to make available €1.5 billion through the European Peace Facility (EPF) to fund assistancemeasures aimed at supporting the capabilities and resilience of the Ukrainian armed forces. A further €500 million inassistance was proposed on 13 May 2022 and is likely to be adopted very soon, bringing the amount up to €2 billion.Accordingly, the EPF will pay for some of the equipment Member States have provided or will provide to Ukraine. Thisis a first in the EU's history, which has never jointly financed the provision of weapons to a third country.

De un vistazo EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: The EU's financing of military assistance to UkraineTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-05-2022Autor BILQUIN Bruno

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Seguridad y defensaResumen In an unprecedented and unanimous reaction to Russia's war on Ukraine that began on 24 February 2022, the EU

swiftly decided to make available €500 million from the European Peace Facility – followed soon after by additionalfinancing – to fund EU military assistance and to deliver military equipment to Ukraine. For the first time in its history,the EU is now using a dedicated, although off-budget, tool to finance – but not to deliver, with that responsibility fallingon Member States alone – lethal military equipment to a third country. This is a further update of a publication, theprevious edition of which was released on 30 March 2022.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 75

Plenary round-up - May II 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-05-2022Autor FERGUSON CLARE | SOCHACKA KATARZYNA

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen The highlight of the May II plenary session in Brussels was an address to a formal sitting of Parliament by Maia Sandu,

President of the Republic of Moldova, followed by a debate on the Foreign Affairs (AFET) Committee's annual reporton progress to date with implementation of Moldova's EU Association Agreement. Members then adopted a resolutioncalling for more strategic support for the country. Russia's war on Moldova's neighbour Ukraine again dominated theagenda. Members held two important debates: on the fight against impunity for war crimes in Ukraine, and onEuropean solidarity and energy security in the face of Russia's invasion and its recent refusal to supply gas to Polandand Bulgaria. Members also debated Council and Commission statements on prosecution of members of theopposition and detention of trade union leaders in Belarus.

De un vistazo EN

'This is Europe' debate in the European Parliament: Speech by Mario Draghi, Prime Minister of Italy, 3May 2022

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 20-05-2022Autor DRACHENBERG Ralf

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Coronavirus | Energía | Salud públicaPalabra clave Conferencia europea | independencia energética | integración europea | intervención militar | inversión de la UE |

precio de la energía | recuperación económica | Rusia | UcraniaResumen 'This is Europe' – an initiative proposed by the President of the European Parliament, Roberta Metsola – consists of a

series of debates with EU Heads of State or Government to discuss their visions for the future of the European Union.Following an earlier speech to the Parliament in this context by the Estonian Prime Minister, Kaja Kallas, on 3 May2022, the Italian Prime Minister, Mario Draghi, was the first EU leader to address the Parliament after the latter'sConference of Presidents had endorsed the initiative on 28 April. Mr Draghi suggested numerous initiatives tostrengthen the European Union, notably a conference to rationalise and optimise EU investment in military spending.He also expressed his support for abolishing the principle of unanimity in the Council for decision-making on foreignpolicy, and for Treaty changes, to achieve what he called 'pragmatic and ideal federalism'.

De un vistazo EN

The EU’s digital market [What Think Tanks are thinking]Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 20-05-2022Autor CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Mercado interior y unión aduaneraResumen The European Union's governments, the European Parliament and European Commission have agreed on key

regulations that will overhaul the EU’s digital market and increase the Union’s digital sovereignty in a field dominatedby big US companies. The Digital Markets Act and Digital Services Act aim to make the digital market in Europe moretransparent, safe and accountable. The planned legislative changes will introduce new rules for online digital players,such as intermediary services, hosting services and large online platforms. Big Tech companies – those designated as‘gatekeepers’ - will have to moderate their content more actively, stop targeting minors with manipulative advertisingand give more access to their systems to smaller competitors. The reforms, which still need final sign-off by the EU'sco-legislators, would force the companies to make their terms and conditions easily understandable. Other debates inthis field include cyber-security, digital currencies and artificial intelligence. This note gathers links to the recentpublications and commentaries from many international think tanks on the European digital market.

Briefing EN

Economic Dialogues and Exchanges of Views with Member States under the European Semester Cycles- State of play May 2022

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 20-05-2022Autor HAGELSTAM Kajus

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Semestre EuropeoPalabra clave base jurídica | disparidad económica | Estado miembro UE | macroeconomía | pacto de estabilidad | política

presupuestaria | presupuesto del Estado | reglamento (UE) | vigilancia multilateral | zona euroResumen This table provides a regular update on Member States invited for an Economic Dialogue in the competent Committee

of the European Parliament and an overview of the respective legal base.Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 76

Economic Dialogue with the other EU Institutions under the European Semester Cycles during the 9thlegislative term - State of play May 2022

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 20-05-2022Autor HAGELSTAM Kajus

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancarios | Coronavirus | Semestre EuropeoPalabra clave Comisión Europea | Comisión PE | Consejo de la Unión Europea | cooperación interinstitucional (UE) | Eurogrupo

(zona euro) | gobernanza económica (UE) | Semestre EuropeoResumen This document provides an overview of Economic Dialogues with the other institutions of the European Union that has

taken place in the competent committee(s) of the European Parliament since September 2019 under the EuropeanSemester for economic policy coordination. It also lists the Recovery and Resilience Dialogues with the EuropeanCommission as undertaken by the competent committee(s) since the entry of force of the Recovery and ResilienceFacility in 2021. It also includes an overview of the respective legal bases for these dialogues.

Briefing EN

Stresses and contradictions in the Chinese economy in the early 2020sTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 20-05-2022Autor externo Kirkegaard, Jacob Funk

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen EPRS invites leading experts and commentators to share their thinking and insights on important topics of relevance to

debate in the European institutions. In this paper, Jacob Funk Kirkegaard, Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute forInternational Economics and the German Marshall Fund of the United States, looks at the current state of the Chineseeconomy, and at the various factors likely to influence its evolution in the coming years. He argues that Chinese growthwill slow to below the levels of the past decades, but that a devastating financial crisis is unlikely. Nevertheless, thechanging pressures felt domestically will also influence China's foreign economic policy vis-à-vis other majoreconomies, including the EU.

Análisis en profundidad EN

The 75th World Health Assembly “Health for peace and peace for health”Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 20-05-2022Autor externo Katharina HABIMANA; Alexander HAASIS, Sabine VOGLER

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Coronavirus | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica| Gobernanza global | Planificación prospectiva | Salud pública | Seguridad alimentaria

Palabra clave Agencia Europea de Medicamentos | Centro Europeo para la Prevención y el Control de las Enfermedades |Conferencia internacional | cooperación europea | informe de actividad | Organización Mundial de la Salud | políticasanitaria

Resumen The 75th World Health Assembly will take place in Geneva, Switzerland from 22 to 28 May 2022. The main topic is“Health for peace and peace for health”. It will discuss and treat matters focusing on four pillars, three of whichcontribute to the “triple billion targets”: Pillar 1: One billion more people benefiting from universal health coverage ;Pillar 2: One billion more people better protected from health emergencies ; Pillar 3: One billion more people enjoyingbetter health and well-being ;Pillar 4: More effective and efficient WHO providing better support to countries.Delegations from 194 WHO Member States and other organisations (with observer status) will participate in themeeting, that consists of a plenary and two committees. Between sessions technical meetings and social events areorganised. The European Union cooperates with WHO and supports its activities in reaching its targets on global,regional and local (country) level. The European Parliament has provided major contributions relevant for the 75thWHA including on accelerating progress and tackling inequalities towards ending AIDS as a public health threat by2030 (Pillar I), the upgrade of the cross-border health threats framework, strengthening of the European Centre forDisease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) (Pillar II) as well as for examplethe EU food and feed regulation (Pillar III).

Análisis en profundidad EN

European Parliament work in the fields of Impact Assessment and European Added Value - Activity reportfor 2021

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 20-05-2022Autor HILLER WOLFGANG

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex anteResumen This activity report summarises and explains the work undertaken by the European Parliament in the fields of impact

assessment and European added value during the calendar year 2021. It details the support given by the Directoratefor Impact Assessment and European Added Value within the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) toassist parliamentary committees in their oversight and scrutiny of the executive in the fields of ex-ante impactassessment, European added value, and ex-post evaluation of EU law and policy in practice. It also details widerhorizontal support provided in the respect of the policy cycle to the institution as a whole. During the 12 months underreview, the Directorate published 114 substantive pieces of work all of which can be accessed via hyperlinks in thisreport.

Estudio EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 77

European Council Conclusions: A Rolling Check-list of commitments to dateTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 20-05-2022Autor ANGHEL Suzana Elena | DRACHENBERG Ralf | TORPEY REBECCA MARY

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen The role of the European Council – to 'provide the Union with the necessary impetus for its development' and to define

its 'general political directions and priorities' – has evolved rapidly over the last decade. Since June 2014, theEuropean Council Oversight Unit within the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS), the EuropeanParliament's in-house research service and think tank, has been monitoring and analysing the European Council'sdelivery on commitments made in the conclusions of its meetings. This overview of European Council conclusions isan updated edition of the rolling check-list, which has been published regularly by the European Council Oversight Unitsince 2014, covering conclusions adopted under the current institutional cycle. It is designed to review the degree ofprogress in achieving the goals that the European Council has set itself and to assist the Parliament in exercising itsimportant oversight role in this field.

Estudio EN

Key issues in the European Council: State of play in May 2022Tipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 20-05-2022Autor ANGHEL Suzana Elena | DRACHENBERG Ralf | TORPEY REBECCA MARY

Ámbito político DemocraciaResumen The role of the European Council is to 'provide the Union with the necessary impetus for its development' and to define

its 'general political directions and priorities'. Since its creation in 1975, the European Council has exercisedconsiderable influence over the development of the European Union, a process enhanced by its designation as aformal institution of the Union under the Lisbon Treaty in 2009. The European Council Oversight Unit within theEuropean Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) monitors and analyses the activities, commitments and impact ofthe European Council, so as to maximise parliamentary understanding of the political dynamics of this importantinstitution. This EPRS publication, 'Key issues in the European Council', which is updated every quarter to coincidewith European Council meetings, aims to provide an overview of the institution's activities on major EU issues. Itanalyses twelve broad policy areas, explaining the legal and political background, the main priorities and orientationsdefined by the European Council and the results of its involvement to date, as well as some of the future challenges ineach policy field.

Estudio EN

Right-wing extremism in the EUTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 20-05-2022Autor externo Quentin LIGER, Asterisk Research and Analysis Mirja GUTHEIL, Asterisk Research and Analysis

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidad | Democracia | Democraciaen la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluación de la legislacióny las políticas en la práctica | Planificación prospectiva

Palabra clave derecha política | derechos humanos | Euroderecha | extrema derecha | extremismo | partidos políticos | país miembroResumen This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional

Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, provides a discussion on the distinctive features of right-wing extremismas well as of violent actions perpetrated by right-wing extremists in the EU. It gives an overview and analysis ofdefinitions, recent trends and responses to these actions and concludes with recommendations. In particular, the studyhighlights the need to develop a working definition of right wing-extremism in order to provide a better framework forunderstanding, studying and measuring the phenomenon

Estudio EN

Estudio para la Comisión PECH - La inteligencia artificial y el sector pesqueroTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 20-05-2022Autor externo Dr. Jose A. FERNANDES-SALVADOR, Dr. Izaro GOIENETXEA, Dr. Leire IBAIBARRIAGA, Martin ARANDA, Elsa

CUENDE, Dr. Giuseppe FOTI, Dr. Idoia OLABARRIETA, Dr. Jefferson MURUA, Dr. Raúl PRELLEZO, Dr. BrunoIÑARRA, Dr. Iñaki QUINCOCES and Dr. Ainhoa CABALLERO

Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | PescaEstudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 78

Russia's war on Ukraine: The Kremlin's use of religion as a foreign policy instrumentTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 19-05-2022Autor O'BEARA FEARGHAS

Ámbito político CulturaResumen Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia experienced a window of religious pluralism in the Yeltsin

era, allowing western Christian missionaries to operate freely. The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) resented thisencroachment into its canonical territory and, when Vladimir Putin took office in 1999, worked closely with him toconsolidate its power. Putin valued such close collaboration as a way to exert control over society, eliminate alternativesources of moral authority at home, and extend Russian influence abroad.

De un vistazo EN

Risk management: Anticipating future shocksTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 19-05-2022Autor NOONAN EAMONN

Ámbito político Gobernanza global | Planificación prospectivaResumen Recent events again demonstrate that governance must take account not just of desired outcomes, but also of worst

case scenarios. The challenge of identifying and responding to high-level and interconnected risks can be assisted byclose examination of private sector routines on risk management, and of the insights of risk monitoring reports. This isa concise summary of a review of risk literature conducted as part of the inaugural EPRS Future Shocks report.

De un vistazo EN

Research for TRAN Committee: Pricing instruments on transport emissionsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 19-05-2022Autor DEBYSER Ariane | LECARTE Jacques | PERNICE Davide

Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | TransportePalabra clave contaminación por vehículos automotores | gas con efecto invernadero | instrumento económico medioambiental |

movilidad sostenible | principio de quien contamina paga | protección del medio ambiente | reducción de las emisionesde gas | régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE | transporte por carretera

Resumen This at a glance note summarizes the research paper that provides a general overview of the current and proposedpricing instruments on road transport CO2 emissions in the EU.

De un vistazo EN

Alternative fuels in transport: Targets for deployment of recharging and refuelling infrastructureTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 19-05-2022Autor SOONE Jaan

Ámbito político TransporteResumen The European Commission's 'fit for 55' package, adopted on 14 July 2021 under the European Green Deal, includes a

proposal to revise the 2014 EU framework for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. The proposal putsforward binding targets for electric vehicle charging and hydrogen refuelling points, electric charging for stationaryaeroplanes at airports, and on-shore power supply for ships at ports. It also includes rules on refuelling points forliquefied natural gas for heavy-duty vehicles and in maritime ports. The European Parliament's Committee onTransport and Tourism (TRAN) is responsible for the file, with the rapporteur Ismail Ertug (S&D, Germany). His draftreport puts forward several amendments to strengthen the Commission proposal, including in terms of power outputtargets and implementation dates for electric charging infrastructure for cars and trucks, and targets for hydrogenrefuelling stations and shore-side electricity supply in ports. The vote on the draft report in TRAN is tentativelyscheduled for July 2022.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 79

Intelligent road transport systemsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 19-05-2022Autor PAPE Marketa

Ámbito político TransporteResumen This initiative concerns proposed changes to the existing EU rules on the deployment of intelligent transport systems

(ITS) in road transport. The objective of the proposal is to expand the scope of the existing EU rules to cover new andemerging challenges and to make essential ITS services mandatory across the EU. The proposal seeks to resolveproblems stemming from the lack of interoperability and continuity of the existing applications and services, but alsofrom the low level of availability and sharing of the data supporting ITS services. Finally, it aims to ensure effectiveconcertation and cooperation among stakeholders. The European Commission put forward the proposal on 14December 2021. Preparatory work in the Council is being handled by the Working Party on Transport – IntermodalQuestions and Networks. At the European Parliament, the Committee on Transport and Tourism has taken the lead onthe file. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislativeprocedure.

Briefing EN

Towards a binding treaty on business and human rights: Despite progress, still no final outcome in viewTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 19-05-2022Autor ZAMFIR Ionel

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen With its extended value chains, economic globalisation has brought numerous opportunities while also creating specific

challenges, including in the area of human rights protection. Loose regulatory frameworks in developing countries,corruption, and a lack of accountability resulting from legal rules shielding corporate interests have facilitated humanrights abuses related to operations of transnational corporations, their subsidiaries and supply chains. This situationhas created a pressing need to establish an international normative framework for business operations in relation tohuman rights. So far, the preferred approach has been 'soft', consisting of the adoption of voluntary guidelines forbusinesses, such as the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Nevertheless, while suchvoluntary commitments are clearly useful, they cannot entirely prevent gross human rights violations. To address theshortcomings of the soft approach, an intergovernmental working group was established on Ecuador's initiative withinthe United Nations framework in June 2014, with the task of drafting a binding treaty on human rights and business.The EU became more actively involved in the negotiations once its initial concerns with regard to the type ofbusinesses covered were taken into consideration, but lacks a formal mandate from the Council and therefore has torely on ad hoc consensus among its Member States. After seven sessions, the negotiating process remains divisive forparticipating states, despite continuing strong support from civil society. Disagreements also run deep among legalexperts on the technical merits of the current approach. The European Parliament supports this initiative and hasencouraged the EU to take a positive and constructive approach. This is a further update of a briefing the last edition ofwhich was published in October 2018.

Briefing EN

European Commission follow-up to European Parliament requests 2019 - 2021Tipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 19-05-2022Autor BACIAN Izabela Cristina | BINDER ECKHARD

Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo rural | Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional |Control presupuestario | Cultura | Democracia | Derecho internacional público | Derechos humanos | Desarrollo yayuda humanitaria | Educación | Energía | Fiscalidad | Medio ambiente | Pesca | Peticiones al Parlamento Europeo |Presupuesto | Protección de los consumidores | Transporte | Turismo | Valor añadido europeo

Palabra clave Comisión Europea | elaboración del Derecho de la UE | estrategia de la UE | estudio comparativo | ParlamentoEuropeo | reglamento (UE) | Resolución PE

Resumen This study seeks to present a comprehensive overview of non-legislative resolutions adopted by the Parliamentbetween July 2019 and December 2021 on the basis of own-initiative reports, in the light of the response provided bythe Commission, the subsequent follow-up documents and related actions undertaken by the Commission up to 31January 2022. The publication is part of Parliament’s Strategic Execution Framework (2019-2021). The aim of this jointDG PRES and DG EPRS project on 'Improved reporting on European Commission follow-up to European Parliamentresolutions' is to facilitate monitoring of the Commission's follow-up to those resolutions.

Estudio EN

Russia's War on Ukraine: Sanctions targeting BelarusTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 18-05-2022Autor PRZETACZNIK Jakub

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Belarus's involvement in Russia's invasion of Ukraine has triggered EU sanctions targeting over 700 individuals and 50

entities, as well as critical economic sectors and products in this country. The new measures, namely the trade banson potassium chloride, have affected both the Belarusian economy and EU and global food supplies.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 80

Russia's war on Ukraine: The situation of children in and outside UkraineTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 18-05-2022Autor DEL MONTE Micaela | MENTZELOPOULOU Maria-Margarita

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaResumen Russia's invasion of Ukraine has forced hundreds of thousands of people to flee the country and seek shelter, mostly

in neighbouring EU countries, namely Poland, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Czechia and Moldova. Children andwomen are bearing the most adverse consequences of the war. According to UNICEF, almost half of those fleeing areminors and in need of enhanced protection, as they run a bigger risk of falling victim to trafficking and exploitation. Inresponse to the plight of Ukraine's civilian population, which is being subjected to shelling and violence, theinternational humanitarian community has quickly mobilised efforts and resources to provide support. As thehumanitarian situation deteriorates, children are particularly vulnerable. Children are at high risk of falling through thecracks of the system, going missing or being subjected to violence. This includes children in institutions,unaccompanied minors, children nearing the age of transition to adulthood, children from Roma or other minoritygroups or who are asylum-seekers, refugees or migrants and were residing in Ukraine and were stateless beforeleaving their countries of origin. In and outside of Ukraine, children are in urgent need of protection, including access topsychosocial and social support, health, nutrition, education and housing, protection against trafficking, sexual andlabour exploitation and abuse. The European Parliament, as well as its Coordinator on Children's Rights, have beenactive in defending the rights of the children fleeing the war in Ukraine since its beginning. This briefing updates andexpands on an 'At a glance' note written by Maria Margarita Mentzelopoulou and Micaela Del Monte in March 2022.

Briefing EN, FR

Rules on export and import authorisations and transit measures for firearmsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 17-05-2022Autor AHAMAD MADATALI HANNAH NAFIZE

Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la prácticaResumen Regulation (EU) No 258/2012 lays down procedural rules at EU level for export, import and transit of firearms, their

parts and components and ammunition. Its overall strategic objective is to reduce the risk of illicit trafficking in firearmsfor civilian use by ensuring coherence across EU Member States with regard to rules on external trade. The regulationis part of an overall legal and operational framework intended to prevent, detect, investigate and prosecute firearmstrafficking. In this regard, the regulation implements Article 10 of the United Nations (UN) Firearms Protocol, a keyinternational agreement adopted in 2001 and ratified by the EU, to ensure firearms traceability. Neither the legislativeproposal reviewing the regulation, mentioned in the 2021 Commission work programme, nor the impact assessmentare available yet. However, the 2017 Commission evaluation of the regulation had already found scope to address anumber of shortcomings. Based on this evaluation, the Commission established that these shortcomings were mainlyderived from a lack of clarity in certain parts of the regulation, and legal mismatches generating security risks. Thereview of Regulation (EU) No 258/2012 also aims to align the regulation's scope with that of Directive (EU) 2021/555(the 'Firearms Directive'), already revised, and Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP (as amended), in order toclose the gaps between diverging procedures – in particular, gaps concerning diverging import procedures forconvertible alarm and signal weapons, and semi-finished unmarked essential components – which cause thesmuggling of these weapons and components to prevail.

Briefing EN

The latest on Russia's war on Ukraine [What Think Tanks are thinking]Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 17-05-2022Autor CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Seguridad y defensaResumen Russian President Vladimir Putin used his speech at the annual Victory Day over Nazi Germany, on 9 May, to mobilise

support among the country's citizens for its 11-week-old war on Ukraine, claiming that Moscow had to defend itselfagainst imminent attack. Recently, Russia has shifted its military efforts towards the east and south-east of Ukraine, aswell as to the bombing of critical infrastructure, after it failed to capture Kyiv, the capital. In some areas abandoned bythe Russian forces, Ukrainian troops and journalists found many dead civilians and other evidence of war crimes. TheUnited States and European Union countries have increased military aid to Ukraine. Finland and Sweden are to applyfor membership of the NATO military alliance. Russia has cut gas deliveries to Bulgaria and Poland, escalating itsconflict with the EU, which in turn is pondering an embargo on imports of Russian energy to deprive Moscow of fundsneeded to finance the war, on top of a wide range of existing sanctions. This note gathers links to the recentpublications and commentaries from many international think tanks on Russia's war on Ukraine, its implications for thetwo countries, for the European Union and for the world. Earlier analyses of the implications of the war can be found ina previous edition of the 'What Think Tanks are Thinking' series.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 81

Economic repercussions of Russia’s war on Ukraine – Weekly Digest 17 May 2022Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 17-05-2022Autor DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | GRIGAITE KRISTINA | MAGNUS Marcel | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA |

TURCU OVIDIU IONUTÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosPalabra clave consecuencia económica | intervención militar | ocupación militar | relaciones de la Unión Europea | Rusia | sanción

(UE) | situación económica | UcraniaResumen This paper provides a summary of recent economic, financial and budgetary measures and developments following

President Vladimir Putin’s decision of 24 February to start a military attack against Ukraine. It includes recentinformation relating to the EU sanctions regime, recent economic estimates and policies supporting economic andfinancial resilience, including the coordination of national economic and fiscal measures. It also highlights policyrecommendations made in the public domain to mitigate any adverse economic, financial and social effects and tosupport economic recovery in the EU and the Euro Area.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Espacio Europeo de Educación: mejor educación para todosTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 16-05-2022Autor KATSAROVA Ivana

Ámbito político EducaciónResumen La educación no es solo un derecho, sino también una base para la realización personal y un trampolín hacia la

empleabilidad y la ciudadanía activa. En sus orientaciones políticas, la presidenta de la Comisión Europea, Ursula vonder Leyen, se comprometió a hacer realidad el Espacio Europeo de Educación de aquí a 2025. El Parlamentoproseguirá el debate durante su período parcial de sesiones de mayo II, con preguntas a la Comisión y al Consejosobre este tema.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Informe de la Comisión sobre el Estado de Derecho en 2021Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 16-05-2022Autor MAŃKO Rafał

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen Los informes anuales sobre el Estado de Derecho, puestos en marcha por la Comisión Europea en septiembre de

2020, son una herramienta de seguimiento que permite a la Comisión recabar datos sobre la situación del Estado deDerecho en cada uno de los veintisiete Estados miembros de la Unión. El segundo informe sobre el Estado deDerecho se publicó en julio de 2021, y el tercero está previsto para 2022. Hay planes de que el Parlamento apruebedurante el período parcial de sesiones de mayo II una resolución relativa al segundo informe anual sobre el Estado deDerecho.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Informe de 2021 sobre AlbaniaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 16-05-2022Autor STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Albania es país candidato a la adhesión a la Unión desde junio de 2014. El 25 de marzo de 2020, el Consejo decidió

iniciar las negociaciones de adhesión, después de que el país hubiera realizado algunos avances respecto alcumplimiento de los criterios políticos y las cinco prioridades clave para convertirse en Estado miembro de la Unión; elConsejo Europeo refrendó esta decisión al día siguiente. Sin embargo, las negociaciones aún no han comenzado yAlbania avanza muy lentamente hacia la adhesión a la Unión. Entre los principales obstáculos permanecen los fallosdel funcionamiento del sistema judicial, de la lucha contra la corrupción y de la protección de la libertad de los mediosde comunicación y los derechos de las minorías. Está previsto que la posición del Parlamento sobre el informe anualde la Comisión Europea de 2021 sobre Albania se someta a votación en el Pleno en mayo.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 82

Informe de 2021 sobre Macedonia del NorteTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 16-05-2022Autor STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen Macedonia del Norte fue el primer país de los Balcanes Occidentales en celebrar un acuerdo de estabilización y

asociación con la UE, en 2004. Solo un año después se convirtió en país candidato a la adhesión. Sin embargo, lasdisputas con Grecia bloquearon cualquier avance en las negociaciones de adhesión hasta 2019. Para desbloquear lasnegociaciones han de resolverse con carácter prioritario algunas cuestiones bilaterales aún pendientes con Bulgaria.Está previsto que la posición del Parlamento sobre el informe de 2021 de la Comisión Europea sobre el país se votedurante el período parcial de sesiones de mayo II.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Nivel mínimo global de imposición para las empresas multinacionales en la UniónTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 16-05-2022Autor REMEUR Cécile

Ámbito político FiscalidadResumen La adaptación de los sistemas fiscales a la globalización y la digitalización ha sido objeto de debates y reformas en los

foros internacionales y en la Unión en las últimas décadas. Uno de los objetivos es garantizar que las grandesempresas multinacionales paguen un nivel mínimo de impuestos sobre los ingresos generados en cada jurisdicción enla que operan. A escala mundial, el pasado mes de octubre se alcanzó un acuerdo en el marco inclusivo de laOrganización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). Una propuesta de Directiva de la Comisión Europeade diciembre de 2021 aplicaría la norma acordada internacionalmente para garantizar un nivel mínimo de imposiciónefectiva para las empresas multinacionales. Está previsto que el informe sobre la propuesta de la Comisión deAsuntos Económicos y Monetarios del Parlamento Europeo se someta a votación en el Pleno en mayo.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Corporate sustainability due diligence: Could value chains integrate human rights and environmentalconcerns?

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 16-05-2022Autor SPINACI STEFANO

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen Companies can play a key role in building a sustainable economy and society, and in furthering environmental goals.

At the same time, their global value chains may pose risks to human rights and the environment. Civil society,governments and companies are increasingly aware of the issue. A growing number of EU companies have takeninitiatives to deploy due diligence processes, often using the existing international voluntary standards on responsiblebusiness conduct. Some Member States have started developing their own legal frameworks on corporate duediligence. To avoid fragmentation and to provide legal certainty to business and citizens, the Commission hasproposed a directive laying down rules on corporate due diligence obligations (including on climate change), directors'duties, civil liability and protection of persons reporting breaches. Supervisory authorities designated by the MemberStates would be in charge of enforcing the new directive. It would be aligned with international standards on humanrights and environmental protection. The Parliament had already called on the Commission to introduce mandatorydue diligence legislation in a legislative-initiative resolution of March 2021. It will now examine the Commissionproposal following the ordinary legislative procedure. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings areupdated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Proposal to amend Directive (EU) 2019/1153: Single access point to bank account registriesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 16-05-2022Autor NEVILLE ANN

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen Financial information is vital for the investigation of serious crime and for the freezing of the proceeds of crime, but EU

investigators often lack the tools for effective investigation, especially when dealing with cross-border crime. Theproposed amendment to Directive (EU) 2019/1153 would allow designated competent authorities responsible for theprevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences to access and search Member States’centralised bank account registers through a single access point. This would enable them to establish almostimmediately whether an individual holds bank accounts in other Member States and identify to which Member Statesthey should make a formal request for additional information. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefingsare updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 83

The rights of LGBTI people in the European UnionTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 16-05-2022Autor DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA

Ámbito político Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidadPalabra clave derechos de las minorías | derechos humanos | discriminación basada en la orientación sexual | identidad de género |

igualdad de tratoResumen The prohibition of discrimination and the protection of human rights are important elements of the EU legal order.

Nevertheless, discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people persiststhroughout the EU and takes various forms, including verbal abuse and physical violence. Sexual orientation is nowrecognised in EU law as grounds of discrimination. However, the scope of the provisions dealing with this issue islimited and does not cover social protection, health care, education or access to goods and services, leaving LGBTIpeople particularly vulnerable in these areas. Moreover, EU competence does not extend to recognition of marital orfamily status. In this area, national regulations vary, with some Member States offering same-sex couples the right tomarry, others allowing alternative forms of registration, and yet others not providing any legal status for same-sexcouples. Same-sex couples may or may not have the right to adopt children and to access assisted reproduction.These divergent legal statuses have implications, for instance, for partners from two Member States with differentstandards who want to formalise/legalise their relationship, or for same-sex couples and their families wishing to moveto another Member State. Combating discrimination has become part of EU internal and external policies, and is thesubject of numerous resolutions of the European Parliament. However, action in this area remains problematic when ittouches on issues pertaining to areas traditionally the preserve of Member States, such as marital status and familylaw. This is a further updated version of a briefing the previous edition of which was from May 2021.

Briefing EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: The situation of Roma people fleeing UkraineTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 13-05-2022Autor LECERF Marie

Ámbito político Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidadPalabra clave ayuda a los refugiados | derecho de residencia | discriminación racial | discriminación étnica | intervención militar |

permiso de trabajo | refugiado | romaní | Rusia | UcraniaResumen Russia's invasion of Ukraine has forced millions of people, amongst whom Ukrainian Roma, to seek shelter in

neighbouring countries. Roma fleeing Ukraine often face discrimination, segregation, deprivation and prejudice.De un vistazo EN, FR

Preparing for 'RepowerEU': Action for more secure, more affordable and cleaner energyTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 13-05-2022Autor WIDUTO Agnieszka

Ámbito político EnergíaPalabra clave abastecimiento energético | almacenamiento de la energía | gas natural | independencia energética | precio de la

energía | rendimiento energético | Rusia | sanción internacional | seguridad de abastecimiento | subida de preciosResumen Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the EU is considering how it can rapidly reduce its dependence on Russian

fossil fuels. The European Parliament has called for an embargo on Russian coal, oil and gas. The EuropeanCommission's 'RePowerEU' plan will mark out the next steps.

De un vistazo EN

Multimedia Fitfor55: a new energy system

Russia's war on Ukraine: EU trade policyTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 13-05-2022Autor PARRY Matthew

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen The EU has joined partners at the World Trade Organization in imposing import and export bans and other trade

restrictions to punish Russian and Belarussian elites and degrade Russia's military and industrial capacity. Now it isproposing to support Ukraine by temporarily scrapping all tariffs and quotas on Ukrainian imports.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 84

Screening of third-country nationals at the EU's external bordersTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 12-05-2022Autor DUMBRAVA Costica

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave biometría | control fronterizo | extranjero | frontera exterior de la UE | Frontex | migración ilegal | país tercero | política

migratoria de la UE | propuesta (UE) | Sistema de Información SchengenResumen In September 2020, the Commission put forward a new pact on migration and asylum, setting out a comprehensive

approach to European Union (EU) migration policies that links external borders, asylum, return systems, the Schengenarea of free movement and the external dimension of migration. The pact includes a proposal for a new regulation onthe screening of third-country nationals at external borders aiming to clarify and streamline the rules on dealing withthird-country nationals who are not authorised to enter or stay in the EU. The proposal would introduce a pre-entryscreening procedure allowing national authorities at external borders to channel irregular third-country nationals to theappropriate procedure, i.e. asylum or return procedures. The screening would start with preliminary health andvulnerability checks and finish with the transmission of a debriefing form to the appropriate authorities. The proposalwould provide for the establishment, by each Member State, of an independent monitoring mechanism for fundamentalrights. Second edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislativeprocedure.

Briefing EN

Review of the regulation on fluorinated greenhouse gasesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 12-05-2022Autor HAHNKAMPER-VANDENBULCKE Nora

Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Medio ambienteResumen Fluorinated gases ('F-gases') are potent greenhouse gases (GHGs), with a global warming potential (GWP) up to 25

000 times higher than that of CO2. Used in a wide range of appliances – such as refrigerators, air conditioners, foamsand fire extinguishers – F-gas emissions occur throughout appliances' life cycles. Today, F-gas emissions amount to2.5 % of the EU's total GHG emissions, levels having doubled between 1990 and 2014, in contrast to those of otherGHG emissions, which fell. The steep increase was due mainly to the substitution of ozone-depleting substances(ODS) – to be phased out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer – with F-gases in areas where ODS were prohibited under the protocol. Since 2006, the EU has taken action to reverse theincreasing trend of F-gas emissions. At present, Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases (the'current F-gas Regulation') is one of the EU's main instruments to fight F-gas emissions, contributing to the EU's widerefforts to combat climate change by, in particular, introducing an EU-wide phase-down scheme for hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs). The EU is also committed to reducing F-gas emissions at international level, notably under the 2015 ParisAgreement and the 2019 Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. Between 2015 and 2019, F-gas emissions in theEU decreased steadily. However, in light of the EU's increased climate ambition, as set out in the 2019 EuropeanGreen Deal (EGD) and the 2021 European Climate Law, the Commission decided to review the F-gas Regulation, asone of the policy reforms under the 'fit-for-55' package. To this end it launched an ex-post evaluation. Under the ex-post evaluation presented on 5 April 2022, together with the proposal for a new F-gas Regulation, the Commissionfound that, while the regulation had worked relatively well, there were several shortcomings relating to the regulationitself and to its implementation (regarding, for instance, illegal HFC imports and insufficient monitoring).

Briefing EN

Le droit à la santé, une perspective de droit comparé - SuisseTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 12-05-2022Autor externo EPRS, Comparative Law

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Asuntos exteriores | Coronavirus | Democracia | Democracia en laUE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Derechointernacional público | Derechos humanos | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluación de la legislación y laspolíticas en la práctica | Salud pública | Transposición y aplicación de la legislación

Resumen Ce document s’intègre dans une série d’études qui, avec une perspective de droit comparé, visent à faire uneprésentation du droit à la santé dans différents ordres juridiques. Après avoir expliqué la réglementation et lajurisprudence d’application, le contenu, les limites et la possible évolution de ce droit sont examinés. La présenteétude a pour objet le cas de la Suisse. Elle présente les tensions idéologiques qui peuvent naître de la rencontre del’impératif de santé publique d’une part et d’une conception résolument libérale de l’État, qui érige la responsabilitéindividuelle en valeur cardinale, et l’obstacle qu’elles représentent pour l’émergence et la consécration législative d’undroit à la santé. L’abondante jurisprudence rendue par les tribunaux suisses, dont la portée est parfois très politique,offre toutefois quelques pistes solides pour envisager une telle perspective.

Estudio FR

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 85

Review of Directive 2002/65/EC on distance marketing of consumer financial servicesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 11-05-2022Autor WUKOVITS NORA ANDREA

Ámbito político Asuntos financieros y bancarios | Protección de los consumidores | Transposición y aplicación de la legislaciónResumen Adopted in 2002, Directive 2002/65/EC on Distance Marketing of Consumer Financial Services introduced a legal

framework for governing the distance marketing of financial services, such as banking, loans, insurance andinvestment. Back then, when relevant legislation was limited at Member State level, the directive aimed to improveconsumer protection rules for financial services sold at a distance and to consolidate the internal market by aligningrules in this area. Since its adoption, however, the legal framework and digital landscape for retail financial serviceshas evolved significantly. A 2020 Commission ex-post evaluation of the directive highlighted that it has been effectivein strengthening consumer protection and largely remains relevant through its safety-net function. However, theoverlap of its provisions with product-specific and horizontal EU legislation, as well as changes to the financial servicesmarket have decreased the EU added value and relevance of the directive over time. In addition, digitalisation is foundto have amplified some of its practical weaknesses. Subsequently, a review of the directive was included among theREFIT initiatives of the Commission's 2020 work programme, and an inception impact assessment was published inMay 2021.

Briefing EN

Towards a new regulatory framework for European population statisticsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 11-05-2022Autor ANGLMAYER Irmgard | HALLAK ISSAM

Ámbito político Politica social | Transposición y aplicación de la legislaciónPalabra clave censo de población | Derecho de la UE | envejecimiento de la población | estadística demográfica | migración |

población mundial | programa de la UEResumen Census data and demographic statistics are of great relevance for policy-making at the European, national, regional

and local levels. At a time where the European Union (EU) is undergoing major demographic changes, driven by anageing population, low fertility rates and increased migration flows, demand for accurate and timely populationstatistics rises. In parallel, owing to progress in digitalisation, statistical data collection methods are shifting fromtraditional population censuses and surveys towards the use of administrative data. Such register-based datacollection methods bear great potential in terms of improved data frequency, granularity and burden reduction. Themodernisation of European population statistics is one of the action points included in the European statisticalprogramme 2021-2027, and part of a wider programme to modernise social statistics. Under the current regulatoryframework, Eurostat collects population data under a number of separate legal acts, covering demographic, censusand migration data. One of them, Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 on European demographic statistics, is set to expirein 2028. According to the 2022 Commission work programme, the Commission will present a legislative proposal onpopulation statistics in the second quarter of 2022. The new proposal should integrate, in a single legal act, annualdemographic and migration statistics and decennial census data, as well as regional and geo-referenced populationdata. It should provide for timelier, more coherent and more specific population statistics that reflect migration moreadequately and facilitate the use of administrative data sources.

Briefing EN

EU response to economic coercion by third countriesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 11-05-2022Autor GIRARD VERONIQUE

Ámbito político Comercio internacional | Derecho internacional público | Evaluación de impacto ex ante | Seguridad y defensaPalabra clave estrategia de la UE | estudio de impacto | grupo de interés | modo de financiación | país tercero | política económica |

sanción (UE)Resumen This initiative focuses specifically on the issue of economic coercion and the EU's possible response, aiming to

preserve the EU's open strategic autonomy and policy-making space. The IA clearly defines the problem, its underlyingcauses, and the objectives to address it. The creation of a new legal instrument to deter and counteract economiccoercion is the only type of option retained for analysis. This presumably follows on from the political commitmentmade in early 2021 (although this is not stated explicitly in the IA). This option was broken down into several policyoptions based on possible parameters used for the design of the instrument. The IA is substantiated by academicwork, stakeholders' contributions and examples. The majority of stakeholders support a new policy instrument and theirinput contributed to the design of the proposed instrument. The IA focuses mostly on economic impacts, while socialand environmental impacts are assessed briefly. Important benefits are expected from the instrument. Costs areexpected only from its use, in particular from the application of countermeasures. The IA focuses on a qualitativeassessment of impacts linked to the instrument's creation and existence, acknowledging that the impacts linked to theinstrument's use are difficult to estimate at the design stage. Adequate monitoring and evaluation of the use of theinstrument and of progress made against the objectives will therefore be important aspects that would have benefitedfrom further detail in terms of indicators and provisions. The proposal generally reflects the preferred option of the IA,although some elements differ from the IA, such as the objectives and definition of economic coercion.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 86

Monetary policy issues in the context of the war in UkraineTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 11-05-2022Autor RAKIC Drazen

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosPalabra clave enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | estabilidad financiera | guerra | inflación | política monetaria | recuperación

económica | relaciones de la Unión Europea | Rusia | Ucrania | zona euroResumen On 24 February 2022, Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine. The war itself, as well as related sanctions and

countersanctions are expected to have a significant impact on the euro area economy. This paper summarises therecent monetary policy decisions of the European Central Bank (ECB)'s Governing Council and outlines some policyissues and challenges that might arise in the context of the war, related to price stability, financial stability, climate andenergy policies, ECB/Eurosystem staff projections and public trust in the ECB.

Briefing EN

Investigación para la Comisión REGI - Herramientas de la UE para responder a las catástrofes naturalesTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 11-05-2022Autor KOŁODZIEJSKI Marek

Autor externo Stefan HOCHRAINER-STIGLER, Qinhan ZHU, Alessio CIULLO, Karina REITERÁmbito político Desarrollo regional | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la prácticaPalabra clave cohesión económica y social | desastre natural | Fondo de Cohesión | Fondo de Solidaridad de la Unión Europea |

modo de financiación | presupuesto de la UE | riesgo naturalEstudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT

Investigación para la Comisión TRAN - Instrumentos de fijación de precios de las emisiones procedentesdel transporte

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 11-05-2022

Autor externo Arno SCHROTEN, Julius KIRÁLY, Peter SCHOLTENÁmbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Transporte | Transposición y aplicación de la legislaciónPalabra clave contaminante atmosférico | derechos de emisión | impuesto | neutralidad en carbono | precios | transporte por

carretera | vehículo | óxidoEstudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT

United Kingdom: Economic indicators and trade with EUTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 10-05-2022Autor MACSAI GYORGYI

Autor externo Tkalec, IgorÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacionalPalabra clave acuerdo comercial (UE) | consecuencia económica | estadística de la UE | estadística nacional | negociación de

acuerdo (UE) | Reino Unido | retirada de la UEResumen The UK was a European Union Member State from 1973 until 31 January 2020. For reasons of comparability and

consistency, the historical data for the 'EU-27' in this infographic covers all current Member States, regardless ofwhether they were Member States at the time concerned.

De un vistazo EN

1962-2022: La política agrícola común de la UE, 60 años despuésTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 10-05-2022Autor ROSSI Rachele

Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo ruralPalabra clave agricultura sostenible | ayuda a la agricultura | ayuda de la UE | desarrollo rural | economía verde | mercado agrícola

de la UE | reforma de la PAC | reseña histórica | régimen de pago únicoResumen Este año viene marcado tanto por el 60.º aniversario de la política agrícola común (PAC) de la UE como por un punto

de inflexión crucial en su modo de funcionamiento, con un nuevo modelo de prestación que comenzará a aplicarse apartir de 2023. En la cronología que figura a continuación se destacan los principales avances en materia legislativa yde formulación de políticas que han conformado la PAC a lo largo de las seis últimas décadas.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 87

Democracy and authoritarianism: Perspectives from the 2021 ESPAS ConferenceTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 10-05-2022Autor NOONAN EAMONN

Ámbito político DemocraciaResumen 'Speak up for democracy.' That was one of the conclusions of a wide-ranging discussion on threats to democracy at

the 2021 ESPAS conference. Insecurity about rapid changes has undermined trust, and inequalities – also acrossgenerations – have been further accelerated by the pandemic. Remedies discussed include stronger civic education,efforts to reinforce the social contract and improve social cohesion, and measures to protect the integrity of elections.There were also calls to strengthen the democratic acquis of the European Union, in which the European Parliamenthas a central role.

De un vistazo EN

Revision of the Eurovignette DirectiveTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 10-05-2022Autor PAPE Marketa

Ámbito político Fiscalidad | TransportePalabra clave Estado miembro UE | estudio de impacto | impuesto de circulación | infraestructura de transportes | peaje |

procedimiento legislativo ordinario | propuesta (UE) | red transeuropea | tasa por eje | vehículo de motor | vehículoindustrial

Resumen The European Parliament and the Council as co-legislators have adopted changes to Directive 1999/62/EC on thecharging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructure (known as the Eurovignette Directive). Vignettesfor heavy goods vehicles will have to be phased out across the core trans-European transport network from 2030 andreplaced by distance-based charges (tolls). With a number of other changes, this should help make road pricing fairerand more efficient. The European Commission put forward a legislative proposal to amend the directive in May 2017,as part of its first 'mobility package' seeking to modernise mobility and transport. The aim of the proposal was to moveaway from a time-based model of charging (vignettes) to a distance-based one – that better reflects the polluter-paysand user-pays principles – and to include other vehicles. In Parliament, the Committee on Transport and Tourism(TRAN) took the lead. Parliament adopted its first-reading position in October 2018, without agreement with theCouncil. After the 2019 European elections, Giuseppe Ferrandino (S&D, Italy) took over as rapporteur. The Counciladopted its position in December 2020. Interinstitutional negotiations in the first half of 2021 paved the way for anagreement, subsequently approved formally by both the Council and the Parliament. Sixth edition of a briefingoriginally drafted by Ariane Debyser and updated by Damiano Scordamaglia. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefingsare updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

External policy tools to address modern slavery and forced labourTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 10-05-2022Autor externo Katarina SCHWARZ, Ergul CELIKSOY, Joanna SMĘTEK, Ewelina WOLOSIK, Katarzyna LUBIANIEC, Agnieszka

MAKULEC, Todd LANDMANÁmbito político Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidad | Derechos humanosPalabra clave derechos humanos | esclavitud | país en desarrollo | país tercero | política exterior y de seguridad común | relaciones

de la Unión Europea | trata de seres humanosResumen The paper presents the findings of a study on external policy measures adopted by the European Union and like-

minded partners to address modern slavery in third countries. The study is intended to support the EuropeanParliament in monitoring EU external action and initiating the refinement of existing or the adoption of new externalpolicy instruments relating to forced labour and modern slavery The study provides a review of the different externalpolicy tools available to the EU to contribute to the eradication of modern slavery and forced labour in third countries,and assesses factors contributing to, and inhibiting, the effectiveness of these measures in practice. The analysiscovers key areas of concern for external policy related to modern slavery within the domains of trade, development,and foreign policy. It further provides an overarching framework of considerations and approaches for the EuropeanUnion in designing, implementing, and evaluating policy and programming related to modern slavery..

Estudio EN

Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishingTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 06-05-2022Autor POPESCU Irina

Ámbito político PescaPalabra clave conservación de la pesca | país tercero | política pesquera común | regulación de la pesca | relaciones de la Unión

Europea | tráfico ilícitoResumen The IUU Regulation (1005/2008) is the core of the EU’s legal framework for action against global IUU fishing. Its

primary objective is to prevent, deter and eliminate the trade of IUU-caught products into the EU. One of its keycomponents is a multiple-step procedure for dealing with non-EU countries considered uncooperative in the fightagainst IUU fishing. Sixth edition. This infographic further updates an earlier one, the previous edition of which was inMarch 2021. For more information on IUU fishing and the EU's IUU Regulation 1005/2008, see EPRS briefing: PE614.598.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 88

Russia's war on Ukraine: The risk of trafficking of human beingsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 06-05-2022Autor MENTZELOPOULOU Maria-Margarita

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave ayuda a los refugiados | cooperación policial | intervención militar | lucha contra el crimen | protección de la infancia |

refugiado | Rusia | trata de seres humanos | Ucrania | violencia sexualResumen The Russian invasion of Ukraine has forced millions of people to flee the country or move to safety within Ukraine's

borders, resulting in one of the largest European humanitarian crises in recent times. The chaos generated by theconflict has exponentially increased the risk of human trafficking and exploitation, especially of the most vulnerablepersons.

De un vistazo EN, FR

Russia's war on Ukraine: The situation of LGBTI peopleTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 06-05-2022Autor DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA | DEL MONTE Micaela

Ámbito político Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidadPalabra clave ayuda a los refugiados | discriminación basada en la orientación sexual | discriminación étnica | identidad de género |

intervención militar | protección civil | Rusia | trato cruel y degradante | Ucrania | violencia sexualResumen More than two months into the Russian aggression against Ukraine, there is no sign of it ending – on the contrary, the

news show the conflict and the atrocities committed on Ukrainian soil intensifying. The war has pushed millions ofpeople to flee the country, or they have been displaced within Ukraine's borders, resulting in one of the largestEuropean humanitarian crises in recent times. With each passing day, the chaos engendered by the war increases therisk of violence and exploitation exponentially, in particular for the most vulnerable, including women, children, Romapeople, and members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersexual (LGBTI) community.

De un vistazo EN, FR

Plenary round-up - May I 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 06-05-2022Autor FERGUSON CLARE | SOCHACKA KATARZYNA

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen Russia's war on Ukraine was again at the top of the agenda for the May I 2022 plenary session in Strasbourg.

Members held three important debates related to the war: on the social and economic consequences for the EU andreinforcing the EU’s capacity to act, on EU preparedness against cyber-attacks following Russia's invasion of Ukraine,and on the impact on the EU transport and tourism sectors. Parliament debated Commission and Council statementson threats to the safety of journalists and media freedom, marking the annual World Press Freedom Day, on ongoinghearings under Article 7(1) TEU regarding Poland and Hungary, on the state of play of EU-Moldova cooperation, onbuilding a wall on the Poland–Belarus border in the Białowieża primeval forest, and on threats to stability, security anddemocracy in western Africa and the Sahel. The follow up of the Conference on the Future of Europe was alsodebated. Following on from recent reforms to the structure of the plenary agenda, and in particular the return ofquestion time with the Commission, Members discussed Europe’s energy autonomy – the strategic importance ofrenewables and energy interconnections and efficiency – with Commissioner Kadri Simson. A debate entitled 'This isEurope' was held with the Prime Minister of Italy, Mario Draghi, and other Heads of State or Government are expectedto take part in future plenary sessions. Among the other debates held were those on the discharge for the 2020budget, the EU action plan for organic agriculture, distortive foreign subsidies, the 2021 annual report on competitionpolicy, and on artificial intelligence in a digital age.

De un vistazo EN

Research for CULT Committee: Esports - Policy RecommendationsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 06-05-2022Autor externo Tobias M. SCHOLZ, Nepomuk NOTHELFER (Esports Research Network)

Ámbito político Cultura | EducaciónPalabra clave administración electrónica | Centro Común de Investigación | deporte | estudio de casos | impacto de la tecnología de

la información | juego en línea | tecnología digitalResumen KEY FINDINGS This Policy Recommendation Briefing is based on the study on “Esports - Background Analysis”. •A

suitable and functioning strategy requires a shared understanding/definition of what esports is. It is important todifferentiate esports from traditional sports. This can have an impact on the system of traditional sports as well. •Esports is constantly and rapidly evolving, making it necessary to address it as soon as possible. Creating a workinggroup regarding a holistic esports strategy is highly recommendable. •The EU needs to foster interdisciplinaryresearch on esports to gain a better understanding of the industry and on how to utilise esports for the Europeancommunity. This knowledge can help to solve digital challenges in general. •The creation of a dedicated researchcentre for esports at the European level is required. •Esports-specific laws are needed just as they are in traditionalsports. •The issue of where the regulatory authority concerning esports lies (or should lie) should be resolved. Intraditional sports, this tends to be local, but esports is much more international and heterogeneous. •Esports standsfor digital communication and innovation. In esports, Europe as a whole is more important than the individual MemberStates. Therefore, esports can be utilised for the creation of a (digital) European identity.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 89

Economic dialogue with Ireland 11 May 2022Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 06-05-2022Autor DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | GRIGAITE KRISTINA | LEHOFER WOLFGANG | MAGNUS Marcel | PACHECO

DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA | ZOPPÉ AliceÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosPalabra clave banco central | condición socioeconómica | consecuencia económica | diálogo social (UE) | enfermedad por

coronavirus | epidemia | Fondo Monetario Internacional | gobernanza económica (UE) | inflación | Irlanda | productointerior bruto | zona euro

Resumen This note presents selected information on the current status of the EU economic governance procedures and relatedrelevant information in view of an Economic Dialogue with Pascal Donohoe, Minister of Finance of Ireland, in theECON committee of the European Parliament. The invitation for a dialogue is in accordance with the EU economicgovernance framework.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Pegasus and surveillance spywareTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 06-05-2022Autor MARZOCCHI Ottavio | MAZZINI MARTINA

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave cibernética | piratería informática | seguridad informática | software | transmisión de datos | tratamiento de datos

Resumen This In-Depth Analysis, drafted by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and ConstitutionalAffairs for the Committee of Inquiry to investigate the use of Pegasus and equivalent surveillance spyware, looks intothe confirmed or suspected use of the Pegasus spyware and other similar cyber-surveillance instruments in the EUand its Member States or targeting EU citizens or residents, EU reactions and previous activities on issues related tosurveillance.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Right to health, a comparative law perspective - United States of AmericaTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 06-05-2022Autor externo EPRS, Comparative Law

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Asuntos exteriores | Coronavirus | Democracia | Democracia en laUE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Derechointernacional público | Derechos humanos | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluación de la legislación y laspolíticas en la práctica | Salud pública | Transposición y aplicación de la legislación

Resumen This study forms part of a larger comparative law project which seeks to present the right to health in a broad range oflegal systems around the world. After analysing the legislation in force and the most relevant case law, the content,limits, and possible evolution of this right are examined. The subject of this study is the United States federal legalsystem. The United States does not recognize a right to health. Governments are responsible for providing a healthyenvironment for individuals who are in their custody, such as prisoners, but there is no overall recognized right. TheUnited States is a party to certain international conventions, such as the constitution of the World Health Organizationand the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; however, these instrumentsplay no real role in determining U.S. domestic health policy. Instead, domestic policy is grounded upon the federalsystem, which assigns certain duties to the central government and the state governments. In addition, individualshave strong rights under the U.S. Constitution, which governments must respect. Courts must balance these rightsagainst the needs of the public.

Estudio EN

Research for CULT Committee: Esports - Background AnalysisTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 06-05-2022Autor externo Tobias M. SCHOLZ, Nepomuk NOTHELFER (Esports Research Network)

Ámbito político Cultura | EducaciónPalabra clave cambio tecnológico | deporte | impacto de la tecnología de la información | juego en línea | laboratorio de referencia de

la UE | tecnología digitalResumen Esports has become an integral part of the digital society. Esports is a fast paced and heterogenic phenomenon and a

cross-sectional topic linking gaming, entertainment and media, culture and art, education, business, diversity andinclusion, and sports. In this background analysis, the authors explain what esports is, what the different ecosystemslook like and what the opportunities and challenges are. Esports can be utilised as an integral tool to shape themodern digital society and act as a key element of a digital European identity.

Estudio EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 90

Climate Mainstreaming in the EU Budget: 2022 UpdateTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 05-05-2022Autor externo François LEVARLET et al.

Ámbito político Control presupuestario | PresupuestoResumen This study reviews and updates the previous study ‘Documenting climate mainstreaming in the EU budget - Making

the system more transparent, stringent and comprehensive’, published in July 2020. It provides an overview of themethods used by the European Commission to track expenditure on climate protection and biodiversity, with a criticalassessment of the methodological strengths and weaknesses. It examines the legislative framework for the 2021-2027programming period and the Commission’s approach to ensuring that the target for climate expenditure is reached.The study also suggests objectives and recommendations for the implementation of the Interinstitutional Agreement(IIA).

De un vistazo EN

Portugal's National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Latest state of playTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 05-05-2022Autor MORGADO SIMOES HENRIQUE ANDRE

Ámbito político PresupuestoResumen Portugal is set to receive €16.6 billion in both non-repayable support and loans from the Recovery and Resilience

Facility (RRF), the unprecedented EU response to the crisis triggered by the coronavirus pandemic. This amountcorresponds to 2.3 % of the entire RRF, and to 7.8 % of Portugal's 2019 gross domestic product (GDP). There is astrong focus on the country's social, economic and environmental resilience, with measures targeting culture, housing,health, broad social responses, and forest and water management. Measures relating to climate transition – includingkey actions on industry decarbonisation and energy efficiency of buildings – reach just over 38 % of the allocation. Thedigital transition focus area of the Portuguese National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) amounts to just over 22% of the allocation, with measures and reforms aimed at public administration and finances, education, andbusinesses. Following the Council's approval of the Commission's positive assessment of the plan, Portugal received€2.2 billion pre-financing in August 2021. Further payments, in 10 instalments for grants and seven for loans, willdepend on progress in implementing the plan. In January 2022, Portugal submitted a first payment request worth €1.16billion in grant and loan instalments (€0.55 billion in grants and €0.61 billion in loans). The Commission made apositive preliminary assessment of Portugal's payment request. The European Parliament is a major supporter of thecreation of a common EU recovery instrument, and takes part in interinstitutional settings to cooperate, discuss andscrutinise implementation of the European Commission's work. This briefing is one in a series covering all EU MemberStates.

Briefing EN, PT

Luxembourg's National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Latest state of playTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 05-05-2022Autor LILYANOVA Velina

Ámbito político PresupuestoResumen Luxembourg's National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) is set to be financed by the Recovery and Resilience

Facility (RRF) with a total of €93.4 million, consisting of grants alone. While under Article 14 of Regulation (EU)2021/241 (RRF Regulation) Member States can request RRF loans until 31 August 2023, Luxembourg has not yetdone so. The €93.4 million requested is slightly less than the maximum RRF contribution available to the country(around €93.5 million). Luxembourg's RRF allocation is not only the smallest in absolute figures, but also the lowest asa share of grants in relation to both gross domestic product (GDP) (0.15 % of GDP in 2019) and per capita (with €158per citizen). The Luxembourgish NRRP includes measures for a total estimated value of €183.1 million: the RRF's€93.4 million cover 51 % of the costs, while the remainder will benefit from national (around 46 %) and other EU co-financing (the remaining 3 %). The plan aims to address Luxembourg's structural issues, aggravated by the pandemic.The measures included complement and build on priorities laid out in the national economic stimulus package fromMay 2020 (i.e. the Neistart Lëtzebuerg programme). The central objective is to support social cohesion and thepromotion of a modern and attractive economic environment, while responding to climate and environmentalchallenges. With 60.9 % of the funds allocated to climate objectives and 31.6 % to the digital transition – well abovethe RRF Regulation's minimum targets – the NRRP will contribute to common European efforts in these areas. Theclimate and environmental policy guidelines in the NRRP are consistent with Luxembourg's integrated national energyand climate plan (NECP) for 2021-2030. The Luxembourgish NRRP's components relating to skills, health, housingand governance also support cohesion and growth potential significantly in the long term. The European Parliamentparticipates in interinstitutional forums for cooperation and discussion on the implementation of the RRF, andscrutinises the work of the European Commission. This briefing is one in a series covering all EU Member States.

Briefing DE, EN, FR

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 91

A reimbursement system based on a fixed lump sum - Is it the right tool for the EU FrameworkProgramme for research?

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 05-05-2022

Autor externo DG, EPRSÁmbito político Control presupuestario | Política de investigación

Resumen Should the EU Framework Programmes for research use the recently piloted lump-sum (LS) system instead oftraditional, expense-based reimbursement? The idea behind LS is that payments are made based on obtained resultsaccording to the agreed project plan. It aims to simplify the system by removing cost reporting, and helping to shift thefocus from financial management to the technical and scientific content of projects. This study has collected input from167 individuals from 29 countries, working for universities, research and technology organisations, small and largecorporations, government organisations and European institutions, complemented by in-depth interviews with fiverandomly selected respondents. The most important result is that the general attitude towards the LS system is quitepositive – it is perceived as better than the traditional system, at least for some funding schemes, and is seen asmeeting its aims. However, the system could be modified further to reach its full potential.

Estudio EN

Practices on the Side-Earnings of EU Public Office Holders and FunctionariesTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 05-05-2022Autor externo Jack MALAN, Marta DIMAURO, Giorgio CACCIAGUERRA RANGHIERI

Ámbito político Control presupuestario | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derecho de la UE: sistemajurídico y actos legislativos | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Presupuesto | Transposición yaplicación de la legislación

Palabra clave deontología profesional | Derecho del trabajo | función pública | intervención normativa | militante político |organización internacional | país tercero | pluriempleo | remuneración del trabajo | ética

Resumen The study on ‘Practices on the Side-Earnings of EU Public Office Holders and Functionaries’ was carried out for theEuropean Parliament’s Budgetary Control Committee in 2022. The study highlights significant differences in the rulesbeing applied in the various EU Institutions and Member States. It highlights a number of good practices and thepossible implications for the proposed EU ethics body.

Estudio EN

HERA work plan 2022: Foresight and capabilities of the European Health UnionTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 04-05-2022Autor MAHIEU VIRGINIA NOELLE

Ámbito político Salud públicaResumen The Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA), the Commission's new Directorate-General for

monitoring cross-border health threats, has published its first work plan, for 2022. This 'At a glance' note gives anoverview of the actions that HERA is expected to take in its first year, and lists key deliverables that offer theopportunity for future-oriented scrutiny and oversight by Members of the European Parliament.

De un vistazo EN

Revision of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) RegulationTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 04-05-2022Autor FRIZBERG DIETER

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex antePalabra clave combustible sustitutivo | estudio de impacto | infraestructura de transportes | movilidad sostenible | neutralidad en

carbono | planificación de transportes | política común de transportes | propuesta (UE) | proyecto de interés común |red de transportes | red transeuropea | seguridad del transporte

Resumen The IA provides a comprehensive problem analysis, based on the evaluation of the current TEN-T Regulation, a publicconsultation, and targeted consultations with stakeholders and Member States. It is transparent about the methods anduncertainties (e.g. long-term funding) and limitations. The objectives and the policy options have a clear link to theproblem definition. The IA comprehensively analyses the economic, social and environmental impacts of the policyoptions. However, territorial impacts linked to the shift to more sustainable modes of transport could have beenexplained in more depth. Costs and benefits are assessed and quantified. It could have been explained in more detailhow funding will be mobilised. All in all, the IA provides useful information for policy-makers and future policy choices.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 92

Chile: Economic indicators and trade with EUTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 03-05-2022Autor MACSAI GYORGYI

Autor externo Tkalec, IgorÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacionalPalabra clave balanza comercial | Chile | estadística del empleo | estadística económica | exportación (UE) | importación (UE) |

indicador económico | producto interior brutoResumen Trade relations between the EU and Chile are imbalanced not only in terms of trends in export and import of goods,

but also in the diversity of trade products and in their ranking in the list of main trade partners. The EU was Chile's thirdbiggest trade partner in 2021, with a 10,4 % share in Chile's trade with the world. Germany, Spain and the Netherlandsare leading the list of Chile's top EU trade partners.

De un vistazo EN

EU legislation and policies to address racial and ethnic discriminationTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 03-05-2022Autor DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA

Ámbito político Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidadPalabra clave Agencia de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea | derecho del individuo | discriminación racial |

discriminación étnica | estadística de la UE | grupo étnico | igualdad de trato | recogida de datos | xenofobiaResumen Racial and ethnic minorities face discrimination and its consequences on a daily basis. The exact scale of the problem

is hard to gauge due to a lack of data and general under-reporting of racist incidents. The coronavirus pandemic hasseen a major increase in reports of racist and xenophobic incidents, and the crisis it triggered has had adisproportionately large negative effect on racial and ethnic minority groups, in the form of higher death and infectionrates. Although since 2000 the European Union (EU) has introduced legislation to combat racial and xenophobicdiscrimination, the problem persists, with the need for new measures recently highlighted by the global Black LivesMatter protests. A number of studies also point to the cost of racial discrimination not only for the individuals concernedbut also for society as a whole. For instance, a 2018 EPRS report argued that the loss in earnings caused by racialand ethnic discrimination for both individuals and societies amounts to billions of euros annually. EU citizens alsoacknowledge this problem: a 2019 survey found that over half of Europeans believe racial or ethnic discrimination to bewidespread in their country. To address racial discrimination and the inequalities it engenders, the EuropeanCommission has put forward a number of equality strategies and actions. One such action, the second Europeansummit against racism, was held on 21 March 2022. The European Parliament, meanwhile, has long been demandingan end to racial discrimination. In recent resolutions, the Parliament has called for putting an end to structural racism,discrimination, racial profiling and police brutality; for asserting the right to protest peacefully; and for boosting the roleof culture, education, media and sport in the fight against racism. This updates a briefing from March 2021.

Briefing EN

Multimedia EU legislation and policies to fight racial and ethnic discrimination

Revision of the market stability reserve for the EU emissions trading system: Fit for 55 packageTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 03-05-2022Autor MORGADO SIMOES HENRIQUE ANDRE

Ámbito político Medio ambientePalabra clave derechos de emisión de la UE | gas con efecto invernadero | lucha contra la contaminación | política de medio

ambiente de la UE | propuesta (UE) | reducción de las emisiones de gas | reservas | régimen de comercio de derechosde emisión de la UE | venta en subasta

Resumen The proposal to revise the market stability reserve (MSR) for the EU emissions trading system (ETS) consists ofprolonging its current parameters. Under the current rules, the intake rate of allowances to the MSR and the minimumallowances placed in the reserve have been doubled until the end of 2023, to allow for a quick removal of surplus EUETS allowances. The proposal is aimed at maintaining the current doubled intake rate (24 %) and minimum number ofallowances placed in the reserve (200 million) until 31 December 2030, the end of Phase IV of the EU ETS. InParliament, the file has been assigned to the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI).The committee adopted its report on 15 March 2022, with 65 votes in favour, 20 against and one abstention. Duringthe plenary sitting of 5 April 2022, the Parliament adopted, with amendments to the recitals, the institution's position fornegotiations, by 490 votes in favour, 127 against and seven abstentions. The Council is currently debating theproposal. Its December 2021 progress report notes delegations' differing views. Third edition. 'EU legislation inprogress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 93

The EU's zero pollution ambition: Moving towards a non-toxic environmentTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 03-05-2022Autor HALLEUX Vivienne

Ámbito político Medio ambienteResumen In the European Union (EU), one in eight deaths is linked to environmental pollution. Pollution is also one of the five

main causes of biodiversity loss, representing a significant cost for society. The EU has set the goal of achieving zeropollution for a non-toxic environment by 2050. This would mean reducing air, water and soil pollution to 'levels nolonger considered harmful to health and natural ecosystems and respecting the boundaries the planet can cope with'.Achieving this long-term ambition will mean updating the comprehensive legal framework currently in place at EU levelto address pollution in order to keep up with the latest scientific evidence. In 2022, the EU is expected to review its airquality standards to align more closely with the recently updated World Health Organization recommendations, and tolook into pollutants affecting surface and groundwater. Additional areas that should be revised in parallel include keylaws designed to tackle pollution at source, setting requirements for pollutant emissions from industry and vehicles, forurban wastewater treatment and sustainable use of pesticides. The key challenges in achieving the zero pollution goalremain to ensure policy coherence, compliance and enforcement. Other issues to monitor include liability for pollutionand related costs, with recent assessments pointing to the need to be consistent and rigorous in implementing the'polluter pays' principle. Parliament has pushed for ambitious action to protect people's health and the environmentfrom pollution. It has argued that air quality legislation should also cover non-regulated pollutants with demonstratedadverse impacts, such as ultrafine particles, black carbon, mercury and ammonia. It has also called for decisive actionon pollutants of emerging concern in water, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, microplastics, endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Finally, it has urged the Commission to design a dedicated legal frameworkfor soil protection, equivalent to that existing for water and air. Recently, steps have been taken at global level to curbplastic pollution through legally binding means and to form a science-policy interface body on chemicals and waste.

Briefing EN

Textiles and the environmentTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 03-05-2022Autor SAJN Nikolina

Ámbito político Medio ambientePalabra clave baja de precios | desarrollo sostenible | diseño ecológico | economía verde | estrategia de la UE | producto reciclado |

producto textil | tecnología del reciclaje | vestidoResumen The amount of clothes bought per person in the European Union (EU) has increased by 40 % in just a few decades,

driven by a fall in prices and the increased speed with which fashion is delivered to consumers. Clothing has the fourthhighest impact on the environment of all categories of EU consumption. This impact is often felt in non-EU countries,where most production takes place. The production of raw materials, spinning them into fibres, weaving fabrics anddyeing require enormous amounts of water and chemicals, including pesticides for growing raw materials such ascotton. Consumer use also has a large environmental footprint, owing to the water, energy and chemicals used inwashing, tumble-drying and ironing, and microplastics shed into the environment. Less than half of used clothes arecollected for reuse or recycling when they are no longer needed, and only 1 % are recycled into new clothes, sincetechnologies that would enable clothes to be recycled into virgin fibres are only now starting to emerge. Various waysto address these issues have been proposed, including developing new business models for clothing rental, designingproducts in a way that would make re-use and recycling easier (circular fashion), convincing consumers to buy fewerclothes of better quality (slow fashion), and generally steering consumer behaviour towards choosing more sustainableoptions. The European Commission laid out its vision for the textiles sector for 2030 in the March 2022 EU strategy forsustainable and circular textiles. The Commission has proposed a regulation on ecodesign requirements forsustainable products and a directive on empowering consumers for the green transition. The package will aim to makeall products on the internal market more sustainable, while providing consumers with information on sustainability. Theapplication of these rules to textiles will be specified in delegated acts, largely planned for 2024. This briefing expandson and updates a 2019 EPRS briefing Environmental impact of the textile and clothing industry: What consumers needto know.

Briefing EN

The future of the European Financial Architecture for DevelopmentTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 03-05-2022Autor externo Mikaela GAVAS; Aitor PÉREZ

Ámbito político Coronavirus | Desarrollo y ayuda humanitariaResumen The workshop, organised at the request of the Committee on Development (DEVE) on 7 February 2022, provided a

brainstorming platform for an exchange of views between Members of the committee, invited experts and variousstakeholders, on the future of European Financial Architecture for Development (EFAD). It examined the state of playand the decisions made by the Council to pursue the ‘status quo +’ option, as well as other alternative options andscenarios, such as the establishment of a European Climate and Sustainable Development Bank. It providedrecommendations on the best way forward, including on the roles of the European Investment Bank (EIB), theEuropean Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and EU Member States’ development financeinstitutions, also in the context of the ‘Team Europe’ approach and the implementation of the NDICI-Global Europeregulation. The workshop was accompanied by written briefings by external experts, feeding into the drafting processof the committee’s own-initiative report on the subject-matter. Two panels corresponding to the thematic focus of theexperts’ briefings were held as follows: Panel 1: ‘Evaluation of the state of play of the European Financial Architecturefor Development’ and Panel 2: ‘The roles of the European Investment Bank (EIB), the European Bank forReconstruction and Development (EBRD) and EU Member States’ development finance institutions’. This reportcompiles the briefings, and a summary of the debate.

Estudio EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 94

Democratic Oversight of the PoliceTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 03-05-2022Autor externo Emmanuel-Pierre GUITTET, Niovi VAVOULA, Anastassia TSOUKALA, Monika BAYLIS

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluación dela legislación y las políticas en la práctica

Palabra clave deontología profesional | espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | personal de servicios | policía | protección civil |seguridad y vigilancia | ética

Resumen This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and ConstitutionalAffairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, aims to provide background information concerning police ethics,accountability, and oversight across the EU. The study shows that existing EU tools and instruments can contribute toenhance police accountability. The study also identifies some gaps and weaknesses. Recommendations are providedin order to remedy the gaps and weaknesses identified

Estudio EN

IPR and the use of open data and data sharing initiatives by public and private actorsTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 03-05-2022Autor externo Matthias Leistner, Lucie Antoine

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Derecho contractual, Derecho mercantil y Derecho de sociedades |Derecho de la propiedad intelectual | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Industria | Legislación ynormativa sobre competencia | Mercado interior y unión aduanera

Palabra clave centro distribuidor de bases de datos | Derecho de la competencia | información comercial | libre competencia |licencia comercial | propiedad intelectual | recogida de datos | registro de datos

Resumen This study analyses recent developments in data related practice, law and policy as well as the current legalframework for data access, sharing, and use in the European Union. The study identifies particular issues of concernand highlights respective need for action. On this basis, the study evaluates the Commission’s proposal for a Data Act.The study is commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and ConstitutionalAffairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs.

Estudio EN

Roaming Regulation reviewTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 02-05-2022Autor NEGREIRO ACHIAGA Maria Del Mar | Niestadt Maria

Ámbito político IndustriaPalabra clave flujo transfronterizo de datos | itinerancia | propuesta (UE) | protección del consumidor | red de transmisión de datos |

reglamentación de las telecomunicaciones | reglamento (UE) | regulación de precios | tarifa de comunicaciones |teléfono móvil

Resumen The Roaming Regulation established the 'roam like at home' (RLAH) rule that mandated the end of retail mobileroaming charges as of 15 June 2017 in all EU Member States and EEA countries. The regulation is currently in forceuntil 30 June 2022. The application of the RLAH rule has been a success, boosting the use of mobile devices whiletravelling to other EU/EEA countries. For instance, the use of data roaming increased 17 times in the summer of 2019compared with the summer preceding the abolition of roaming surcharges. Nevertheless, five years after itsimplementation, the Commission needed to review the Roaming Regulation, with a view to extending the roamingmarket rules for a further 10 years. The Commission also sought to continue lowering wholesale roaming charges,improve the quality of roaming services, and provide access to all available network generations and technologies,including free access to emergency services, and information on any cost incurred in accessing value added services.Within the European Parliament the file was allocated to the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE). Thecommittee report was adopted on 14 October 2021, and the mandate for trilogue negotiations approved in plenary thefollowing week. For its part, the Council agreed its position on 16 June 2021. The co-legislators reached a provisionalagreement on the text on 9 December 2021. According to the final text, which was published in the Official Journal ofthe EU on 13 April 2022 and enters into force on 1 July 2022, the RLAH regime will be renewed for a further 10 years.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 95

Towards new rules for European elections?Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 02-05-2022Autor DIAZ CREGO Maria

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioPalabra clave aproximación de legislaciones | candidato | derecho de voto | elecciones europeas | parlamentario europeo | propuesta

(UE) | resultado del votoResumen During the May I plenary session, Parliament is expected to vote on a legislative-initiative report proposing to repeal

the 1976 European Electoral Act and replace it with a new Council Regulation on the election of the Members of theEuropean Parliament (MEPs) by direct universal suffrage. Since the first European elections in 1979, the rulesapplying to the election of MEPs combine the common principles established in the European Electoral Act, asmodified in 2002, and the different national rules implementing them. As a result, important elements of the electoralprocedure remain in the hands of the national legislatures and there is no harmonisation across the Member States.Following the proposals in Parliament's (26 November 2020) resolution on stocktaking of European elections, thereport proposes to further harmonise the rules applicable to European elections in areas such as the age for voting orstanding as a candidate; postal voting; the electoral calendar for European elections; the principles applicable to theselection of candidates, including from a gender perspective; and the electoral threshold. In addition, the reportproposes to establish a common electoral system and procedure for the election of 28 MEPs in a Union-wideconstituency comprising the territory of all the Member States. Once finalised by Parliament, the proposal istransmitted to the Council for its adoption, with the EP required to consent to the final text. First edition. The 'EULegislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Research for REGI Committee: EU regions in the transformation towards a climate-neutral futureTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-04-2022Autor GOUARDERES Frederic | LECARTE Jacques

Autor externo Kinga HAT, Helene GORNY, Mailin GAUPP-BERGHAUSEN, Bernd SCHUH, Sergio BARROSO, Markus HAMETNER,Patricia URBAN, Katharina UMPFENBACH, Deyana SPASOVA

Ámbito político Desarrollo regional | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la prácticaPalabra clave ayuda regional | cambio climático | desarrollo regional | desarrollo sostenible | economía verde | gas con efecto

invernadero | investigación y desarrollo | neutralidad en carbonoResumen This study provides information on requirements and goals for successful transformation towards a climate neutral

future at regional level in the EU. Based on the analysis of six regional best practice examples across the EU, the keydrivers, conditions and instruments for a successful transformation were identified. The project results in theformulation of specified policy recommendations for EU decision-makers in the field of supporting the EU regions inachieving the goals of climate neutrality.

De un vistazo EN

The situation of Article 2 TEU values in Greece - Focus on anti-corruption measures and media freedomTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 30-04-2022Autor APICELLA CAROLINA | MARZOCCHI Ottavio

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave análisis de la información | corrupción | democracia | derechos humanos | derechos sociales | espacio de libertad,

seguridad y justicia | Estado de Derecho | Grecia | libertad de prensa | medio de comunicación localResumen This In-Depth Analysis, requested by the European Parliament's LIBE Committee - Democracy Rule of Law and

Fundamental Rights Monitoring Group, examines the situation of Democracy, the Rule of Law and Fundamental Rightsin Greece and how Article 2 TEU values are respected and implemented in the country, focusing on anti-corruptionmeasures and issues related to media freedom.

Análisis en profundidad EN

The Digital Single Market and the digitalisation of the public sector - GovTech and other innovations inpublic procurement

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 30-04-2022

Autor externo Marissa HOEKSTRA, TNO Cass CHIDEOCK, TNO Gabriela BODEA, TNO Nitesh BHAROSA, TU Delft JonathanCAVE, GNKS Consult Ben KOKKELER, Technopolis Ivette OOMENS, Technopolis Annelieke VAN DEN BERG,TNO Anne Fleur VAN VEENSTRA, TNO Frank ALLEWELDT (second reader), Civic Consulting

Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Protección de losconsumidores

Palabra clave ciencia ciudadana | computación en nube | digitalización | economía pública | mercado único digital | pequeña ymediana empresa

Resumen This research paper provides insight into GovTech and innovation in the context of public procurement. It examines thepossibilities for developing an EU GovTech Platform with the aim of supporting the modernisation of the public sector;the further development of the European GovTech market; and engagement with citizens and businesses. Thisdocument was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request ofthe committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO).

Estudio EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 96

Single Audit Approach - Root Causes of the Weaknesses in the Work of the Member States’ Managingand Audit Authorities

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 30-04-2022

Autor externo Jack MALAN, Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services (CSES).Ámbito político Control presupuestario | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | PresupuestoPalabra clave control presupuestario | Estado miembro UE | gasto de la UE | institución financiera | poder de control | presupuesto

de la UE | sistema de contabilidad | verificación de cuentasResumen This study aims to analyse the problems that Member States’ authorities and bodies experience in the implementation,

control and audit of EU expenditure, their root causes and implications for the Single Audit approach. In particular, thespecific objectives of this study are to: •Gain a comprehensive insight into the causes of the problems that MemberStates’ authorities and bodies face when implementing, controlling and auditing the European Union budget. •Assessthe quality of their work, the independence and reliability of the auditors’ work as well as specific weaknesses in themanagement and control systems. •Assess the cooperation with relevant players including other national bodies,national supreme audit authorities and the EU institutions and bodies (e.g. ECA, Commission, OLAF and EPPO). •Analyse the extent of respect and application of European and international applicable standards.

Estudio EN

Young people in the EU: A demographic snapshotTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-04-2022Autor KATSAROVA Ivana

Ámbito político Cultura | EducaciónPalabra clave envejecimiento de la población | estadística demográfica | joven | niño | población activa | política de la juventud

Resumen Why should young people in the EU worry about demographic change? For one thing, because the share of childrenand young people in the total population has been decreasing, while the share of elderly people continues to grow.Adding these figures up means today's children are expected to face an increased burden in supporting the remainderof the population as they grow up and move into work. Indeed, in 2019, out of the 447 million inhabitants of the EU-27,68 million were children (aged 14 or less) and 91 million were older people (aged 65 years or more). A third of the totalEU population — around 142 million — were under the age of 30. There were slightly more boys than girls, with theformer representing 51 % of the population aged 14 years or less.

De un vistazo EN

What if AI regulation promoted innovation?Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-04-2022Autor BOUCHER Philip Nicholas

Ámbito político Cultura | Evaluación de impacto ex ante | Industria | Legislación y normativa sobre competencia | Planificaciónprospectiva | Política de investigación | Protección de los consumidores

Resumen The word 'innovation' is often used as shorthand for improved technical, economic and social processes. However, anyspecific innovation involves the redistribution of costs and benefits, creating winners and losers. For some, regulationof technology should be avoided in case it hinders innovation, while others see regulation as essential, to mitigate riskson the path to innovation. However, regulation and innovation are not a zero-sum game. Debates about regulatory(in)action and its impact on innovation would benefit from greater specificity about which innovation paths areconsidered desirable, for whom, and how policy choices would help to achieve them. This paper explores therelationship between regulation and innovation in the context of artificial intelligence (AI).

De un vistazo EN

Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights - May 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-04-2022Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo rural | Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos exteriores | Control presupuestario |

Democracia | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actoslegislativos | Desarrollo regional | Presupuesto | Transporte

Palabra clave ayuda al desarrollo | Belarús | condición de trabajo | cooperación interinstitucional (UE) | desarrollo sostenible |enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | gestión de crisis | instrumento económico medioambiental | presupuesto dela UE

Resumen The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments,including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 97

EU gas storage and LNG capacity as responses to the war in UkraineTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 29-04-2022Autor BOEHM Lasse | WILSON Alex Benjamin

Ámbito político EnergíaPalabra clave ahorro de energía | almacenamiento de la energía | gas natural | importación (UE) | política energética de la Unión |

precio de la energía | rendimiento energético | Rusia | seguridad de abastecimiento | subida de preciosResumen Russia remains Europe's largest supplier of coal, oil, and gas. This poses a particular difficulty for the EU and its

Member States, which are urgently seeking to reduce their energy dependence. This is not only necessary to pressureRussia economically to end its invasion of Ukraine, but also to prevent Russia from weaponising its energy suppliesand threatening Europe’s energy security in future. Replacing Russian natural gas will be much more difficult thanreplacing oil and coal, due to differences in supply infrastructure, transportation and storage. While part of the long-term solution lies in the promotion of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency savings, the EU willnevertheless require large volumes of natural gas imports in the short and medium term. Since most of Europe’spipeline infrastructure is organised to import Russian gas, alternative supplies will mostly have to come by sea in theform of liquefied natural gas (LNG). To guarantee security of supply, the EU will also need to ensure gas storage levelsremain high so Member States can cope with a sudden interruption of gas supplies. However, both LNG terminals andgas storage capacity are unevenly spread across Europe, with important policy implications. There is a clear need tofrontload investment to diversify supplies and fill storage, but uncertainty as to who can or should finance thesechanges. There is also the question of how to coordinate policy action at EU level, how to buffer against negativesocial and economic consequences, and how to ensure coherence of security of supply with the 'fit for 55' packageand the European Green Deal.

Briefing EN

Important projects of common European interest: State of playTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 29-04-2022Autor EVROUX CLEMENT THIERRY

Ámbito político Educación | Energía | Industria | Medio ambiente | Política de investigaciónPalabra clave computación en nube | digitalización | economía verde | estrategia de la UE | neutralidad en carbono | proyecto de

interés común | tecnologíaResumen The concept of important projects of common European interest (IPCEIs) is enshrined in Article 107(3)(b) of the Treaty

on the Functioning of the European Union. It enables the Commission to allow Member States to design andimplement national investments targeting important market failures or societal challenges that could not otherwise beaddressed. In November 2021, the Commission adopted a communication updating a 2014 communication thatestablished the first set of guidance to be used for the assessment of IPCEIs. The revision is designed to align thecriteria more closely with EU political priorities, in particular the European Green Deal and the digital strategy, whilealso making the setting up of IPCEIs more transparent and open to new participating Member States and economicplayers. In the context of the twin digital and ecological transition, IPCEIs are expected to boost the EU's strategicautonomy by ensuring Member States' capacity to invest together in technological development, and by encouragingthe dissemination of solutions and promoting cooperation across the EU and the economy. As of February 2022, threeIPCEIs have been approved by the Commission: one on microelectronics and two on batteries (with up to 12participating Member States). A further initiative on microelectronics, with 20 participating Member States, was notifiedto the Commission in December 2021 and is awaiting approval. Other initiatives, on clean hydrogen, next generationcloud and health, are being explored.

Briefing EN

Digitalisation of cross-border judicial cooperationTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 29-04-2022Autor EISELE Katharina

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluación de impacto ex anteResumen While the Commission makes the case for advancing the digitalisation of judicial cooperation, and while the IA

supporting this initiative received a positive opinion from the RSB, it does nevertheless appear weak on several points.The Commission corroborates its problem definition using several recent sources and data. The Commissionconducted several stakeholder consultation activities, for some of which, more specific information would have beenuseful. Stakeholder views are reflected in the IA report. It appears, however, that the main source, an external study, isavailable only in the interinstitutional database of EU studies and not available to the wider public at the time of writing.Moreover, it appears that the range of options is very limited, with seemingly no real alternative to the preferredlegislative, Option 2 (the voluntary approach under the Option 1 is not considered as effective). It is notable that thedescription of impacts relating to data protection and data security is very limited for all options, despite their likelyrelevance.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 98

Recovery and Resilience Dialogue with the European CommissionTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 29-04-2022Autor GRIGAITE KRISTINA | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA | TURCU OVIDIU IONUT | ZORPIDIS ANDREAS |

ZSITNAK ALEXANDRAÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios

Resumen Executive Vice-President Dombrovskis and Commissioner Gentiloni have been invited to the sixth Recovery andResilience Dialogue under the Recovery and Resilience Facility Regulation. This briefing first presents a state of playof the Recovery and Resilience Plans, and looks the most recent data on four payment requests more recentlysubmitted, the partial recalculation of grants’ allocation; the upcoming reporting on common indicators; the recentEuropean Court of Justice rule of law decisions and information on two recent initiatives aimed at gathering informationon national parliaments and local and regional authorities’ involvement in the RRF. The following sections addresslessons learnt from the Facility and provide available information on projected economic developments given newgeopolitical events and risks arising. Furthermore, the briefing lists a number of previous EGOV papers on theRecovery and Resilience Facility.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Economic repercussions of Russia’s war on Ukraine – Weekly Digest 29 April 2022Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 29-04-2022Autor DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | GRIGAITE KRISTINA | HAGELSTAM Kajus | MAGNUS Marcel | PACHECO DIAS

CRISTINA SOFIA | ZORPIDIS ANDREAS | ZSITNAK ALEXANDRAÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosPalabra clave consecuencia económica | intervención militar | ocupación militar | relaciones de la Unión Europea | Rusia | situación

económica | UcraniaResumen This paper provides a summary of recent economic, financial and budgetary decisions and developments following

President Vladimir Putin’s decision of 24 February to start a military attack against Ukraine. It includes recentinformation relating to the EU sanctions regime, recent economic estimates, policies supporting economic and financialresilience, including the coordination of national economic and fiscal measures. It also highlights policyrecommendations made in the public domain to mitigate any adverse economic, financial and social effects and tosupport economic recovery in the EU and the Euro Area.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: US responseTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 28-04-2022Autor PARRY Matthew | SZCZEPANSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresPalabra clave armamento | ayuda humanitaria | cooperación militar | Estados Unidos | intervención militar | Rusia | sanción

internacional | seguridad de abastecimiento | suministro de gas | UcraniaResumen The United States imposed a battery of sanctions and multilateral measures on Russia following its invasion of

Ukraine, while also providing Ukraine and its EU neighbours with military, economic and humanitarian aid.De un vistazo EN

Review of rules for alternative investment fundsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 28-04-2022Autor KRAMER Esther

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex anteResumen The IA supports the proposal for the review of the AIFMD in an overall effective and transparent manner. It is based on

solid internal and external expertise, including an array of technical recommendations from the relevant EU andinternational bodies in charge of monitoring and supervising investment funds. While the intervention logic of themostly qualitative IA is clear, some aspects could have been substantiated in a more precise way. The highly technicalanalysis would have been more accessible to non-expert readers if interdependencies and links between the problemsand drivers, and between objectives, options and monitoring indicators, had been indicated more clearly. The IAjustifies limited quantification by a lack of data, providing quantified estimates (only) for the expected potential REFITcost savings in the area of depositary services. The IA favours, for the time being, less prescriptive solutions in order torespect proportionality and subsidiarity. It highlights the need of additional targeted expertise for a number ofquestions, including as regards harmonisation of reporting requirements.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 99

Completing the single market for servicesTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 28-04-2022Autor SAULNIER JEROME LEON

Ámbito político Mercado interior y unión aduaneraResumen The pandemic and the negotiations following Brexit have been a serious challenge for the integrity of the single

market. Growing world tensions and the military aggression against Ukraine by the Russian Federation are furtheremphasising the benefits of unity between Member States. Faced with this extremely difficult environment, the EU hasresponded with unprecedented determination, developing a series of new tools and coordination mechanisms, such ascommon procurement and fiscal support, to rapidly address weaknesses. This is, however, not the time forcomplacency, as the international environment continues to be increasingly uncertain, complex and rapidly-changing.Common and long-term strategic ambition at EU level is required more than ever. Previous evaluations by DG EPRSconcluded that completing the single market for services could be instrumental in that respect. In this briefing, ouranalysis confirms that barriers in service sectors and distortions induced by state involvement continue to significantlyhinder free movement of services within the EU. Further ambitious action would be beneficial, with between €279billion and €457 billion of additional GDP per annum in the long term. We thus conclude that completing the singlemarket for services is an integral part of the path towards more strategic autonomy, more resilience, more security, andmore rapid, broad-based and sustainable development.

Briefing EN

Improving working conditions in platform workTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 28-04-2022Autor TUOMINEN ULLA-MARI

Ámbito político Empleo | Politica socialResumen The IA presents a qualitative and partially quantitative assessment in support of the proposal on working conditions in

platform work. The problem definition would have benefited from further clarification, in particular of the target group,as it refers to 'some people', whilst the IA describes more widely problems faced by all of the people working throughplatforms. The IA openly explains the difficulties relating to the lack of data on platforms, an issue that the authors ofthe IA tried to address by making great efforts to collect relevant data, for example, through a survey and broadstakeholder consultations. The IA provides a sufficient range of options to address the defined problems and clearlydescribes the stakeholders' views, which appear to diverge, for example regarding the rebuttable presumption withreversed burden of proof of an employment status. In the impacts assessment, the proportionality criterion was notused in the comparison of the options, contrary to the recommendations of the Better Regulation Guidelines.Moreover, the IA openly indicates that it was not possible to quantify some costs (e.g. risk assessment, dataportability). Despite its weaknesses, the IA is able to provide a useful information package for decision-making. As atechnical point, to facilitate reader-friendliness, part of the information included in the extensive annexes could havebeen included in the main analysis.

Briefing EN

Completing the single market for goodsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 28-04-2022Autor SAULNIER JEROME LEON

Ámbito político Mercado interior y unión aduaneraPalabra clave desarrollo sostenible | libre circulación de mercancías | mercado de productos básicos | mercado único | obstáculo no

arancelario | política fiscalResumen The pandemic and the negotiations following Brexit have been a serious challenge for the integrity of the single

market, in particular regarding free movement. Growing world tensions and the military aggression against Ukraine bythe Russian Federation are now further emphasising the benefits of unity between Member States. Faced with thisextremely difficult environment, the EU has responded with unprecedented determination, developing a series of toolsand coordination mechanisms, such as common procurement and fiscal support, to rapidly address weaknesses. Asthe situation remains uncertain and as risks accumulate, continued common action and long-term strategic planning atEU level is required more than ever to significantly reduce harmful dependencies. Previous evaluations by EPRSstressed that the single market for goods could be instrumental in this respect. In this briefing, our updated simulationsconfirm that the untapped potential from the single market for goods is still substantial. In particular, as barriers to tradefacilitation and complexity of regulatory procedures continue to hinder the free movement of goods, further action inthis area could significantly boost intra-EU trade, with potential economic benefits of between €228 billion and €372billion per annum. We therefore conclude that completing the single market for goods is an integral part of the pathtowards more strategic autonomy, more resilience, more security, and more rapid, broad-based and sustainabledevelopment.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 100

Thematic Digest - the EU value added of a set of Recovery and Resilience PlansTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 28-04-2022Autor DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | GRIGAITE KRISTINA | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen This briefing provides a summarised comparative analysis of three papers prepared by external experts at the request

of the ECON Committee on the value added of a number of national Recovery and Resilience Plans. It further containsa summary of each of the three papers provided. Both the comparative analysis and the summaries are preparedunder EGOV responsibility; assessing and evaluating the integral views of the authors require a read-through of the fullpapers.

Briefing EN

Investigación sobre el potencial de la inteligencia artificial en la era digitalTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 27-04-2022Autor Niestadt Maria

Ámbito político Mercado interior y unión aduaneraResumen Como tecnología de uso general, la inteligencia artificial (IA) tiene el potencial de cambiar nuestras vidas. Podría

aportar muchos beneficios, que abarcan desde el incremento de la eficiencia de la agricultura hasta la ayuda en lalucha contra el cambio climático y la mejora del transporte de modo que sea más seguro, limpio y eficiente. Sinembargo, la IA también suscita una serie de preocupaciones, como la opacidad en la toma de decisiones, ladiscriminación y la intrusión en nuestra vida privada. Para investigar estos retos y analizar el impacto de la IA en laeconomía de la Unión, el Parlamento Europeo decidió crear una comisión especial en junio de 2020. La ComisiónEspecial sobre Inteligencia Artificial en la Era Digital (AIDA) adoptó su informe final el 22 de marzo de 2022, que elParlamento debatirá durante el período parcial de sesiones de mayo I.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Reforzar el mandato de EuropolTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 27-04-2022Autor CIRLIG Carmen-Cristina

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave cooperación interinstitucional (UE) | cooperación policial | datos personales | Europol | innovación | intercambio de

información | investigación y desarrollo | propuesta (UE) | protección de datos | reglamento (UE)Resumen En diciembre de 2020, la Comisión propuso modificar el Reglamento Europol con el fin de mejorar la cooperación de

la agencia con las entidades privadas, reforzar su papel en la investigación e innovación para la acción coercitiva ysubsanar las lagunas jurídicas en el tratamiento de datos personales. Durante el período parcial de sesiones de mayoI, el Parlamento Europeo tiene previsto someter a votación el acuerdo provisional fruto de las negociacionesinterinstitucionales.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Propuesta de nuevas normas para las elecciones europeasTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 27-04-2022Autor DIAZ CREGO Maria

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioPalabra clave derecho de voto | elecciones europeas | elegibilidad | ley de armonización | Parlamento Europeo | sistema electoral

europeoResumen Las normas aplicables a las elecciones europeas no son uniformes en toda la Unión. Los Estados miembros aplican

normas electorales nacionales diferentes, aunque todos deben cumplir los principios comunes establecidos en el ActaElectoral Europea de 1976. Durante el período parcial de sesiones de mayo I, se espera que el Parlamento vote unainiciativa legislativa que propone derogar el Acta Electoral Europea con un nuevo Reglamento del Consejo quearmonice en mayor medida las normas aplicables a las elecciones europeas, en particular mediante la creación deuna circunscripción electoral de la Unión.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 101

Aprobación de la gestión en la ejecución del presupuesto de 2020 - Instituciones de la Unión distintas dela Comisión Europea

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 27-04-2022Autor PARI MARIANNA

Ámbito político Control presupuestarioResumen Durante el período parcial de sesiones de mayo I, está previsto que el Parlamento Europeo vote sobre la aprobación

de la gestión en la ejecución del presupuesto de la Unión para el ejercicio 2020. En lo que respecta a los gastosadministrativos, la Comisión de Control Presupuestario (CONT) del Parlamento Europeo recomienda aprobar lagestión en la ejecución de seis secciones administrativas del presupuesto de la Unión para 2020. En el caso delConsejo Europeo y el Consejo, el Tribunal de Cuentas y el Comité Económico y Social, recomienda aplazar ladecisión de aprobación de la gestión. Si se aprueban las propuestas de aplazamiento de la aprobación de la gestión,la Comisión CONT presentará nuevos informes en un plazo de seis meses.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Aprobación de la gestión del presupuesto 2020 — Comisión Europea, agencias ejecutivas y FondosEuropeos de Desarrollo

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 27-04-2022Autor KOWALD KAROLINE

Ámbito político Control presupuestarioPalabra clave auditoría | control presupuestario | descargo del presupuesto | ejercicio presupuestario | FED | fraude contra la UE |

gasto de la UE | informe de actividad | presupuesto de la UE | Tribunal de Cuentas EuropeoResumen Durante el período parcial de sesiones de mayo I, el Parlamento Europeo decidirá por votación en relación con la

aprobación de la gestión de las distintas instituciones y órganos de la UE para el ejercicio 2020. En primer lugar seencuentra el informe sobre la Comisión Europea y seis agencias ejecutivas, responsables de la mayor parte del gastopresupuestario de la UE. La aprobación de la gestión de los Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo (FED) se hace porseparado. La Comisión de Control Presupuestario (CONT) recomienda que el Parlamento apruebe la gestión de laComisión y de las seis agencias ejecutivas para el ejercicio 2020. También recomienda la aprobación de la gestión enla ejecución de las operaciones de los FED para el ejercicio 2020.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Modificación de los anexos IV y V del Reglamento sobre contaminantes orgánicos persistentes de la UETipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 27-04-2022Autor YOUGOVA Dessislava

Ámbito político Medio ambientePalabra clave autorización de venta | contaminación orgánica | convención internacional | gestión de residuos | lucha contra la

contaminación | producto químico orgánico | protección del medio ambiente | reglamento (UE) | salud pública |sustancia peligrosa

Resumen El Reglamento (UE) 2019/1021 sobre contaminantes orgánicos persistentes (Reglamento COP) tiene por objetoeliminar o restringir la producción y el uso de estas sustancias, así como regular los residuos que las contienen oestán contaminados por ellas. El Reglamento COP aplica los compromisos de la Unión en virtud de actos jurídicosinternacionales, como el Convenio de Estocolmo sobre los COP. El 28 de octubre de 2021, la Comisión Europeaadoptó una propuesta legislativa con vistas a revisar los anexos IV y V sobre gestión de residuos. El ParlamentoEuropeo tiene previsto someter la propuesta a votación durante el período parcial de sesiones de mayo I, y fijar así suposición para los diálogos tripartitos.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

European ports becoming 'fit for 55'Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 27-04-2022Autor SMIT-JACOBS KARIN

Ámbito político TransportePalabra clave combustible para uso marítimo | gas con efecto invernadero | instalación portuaria | inversión | movilidad sostenible |

permiso de contaminación negociable | red transeuropea | reducción de las emisiones de gas | régimen de comerciode derechos de emisión de la UE | transporte marítimo

Resumen With its Climate Law, the EU has set itself the target of reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 55 %by 2030, and aims for climate neutrality by 2050. Of the maritime sector's CO2 emissions, between and 6 and 7 % aregenerated at berth in ports in the European Economic Area. This calls for a strong focus on the greening of shipping,making port services sustainable and infrastructure for alternative fuels available. In parallel, key maritime and inlandports on the trans-European transport network (TEN-T) need to adapt to the role of strategic multimodal nodes andclean energy hubs.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 102

Discharge for 2020 budget – EU decentralised agencies and joint undertakingsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 27-04-2022Autor DOBREVA Alina

Ámbito político Control presupuestarioPalabra clave control presupuestario | descargo del presupuesto | ejercicio presupuestario | gasto de la UE | gestión financiera |

informe de actividad | organismo de la UE | presupuesto general (UE) | Tribunal de Cuentas EuropeoResumen During the May I plenary session, as part of the discharge procedure for the 2020 financial year, the European

Parliament is due to vote on discharge for each of 32 EU decentralised agencies and nine joint undertakings. TheCommittee on Budgetary Control (CONT) proposes that Parliament grant discharge to all except the European Borderand Coast Guard Agency, for which it proposes to postpone the discharge decision.

De un vistazo EN

Protecting EU shared values: How the European Parliament is responding to citizens' expectationsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 27-04-2022Autor DIAZ CREGO Maria | MAŃKO Rafał

Ámbito político Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativosResumen This is the fourth briefing within a series exploring citizens' expectations and recommendations in the context of the

Conference on the Future of Europe, and presenting the European Parliament's response. The briefing focuses oncitizens' proposals relating to EU common values, especially the rule of law. Citizens have placed EU values, includingdemocracy, the rule of law and the protection of human rights, at the core of a common European identity, anddiscussed ways to enhance and protect these values. They have highlighted the need to deepen people's awarenessand understanding of these values, and encourage dialogue on them. They believe that democratic culture and respectfor fundamental rights and the rule of law should be strengthened, and that Member States' performance should bemonitored closely against the benchmark of EU values. They have called for the procedure under Article 7 of theTreaty on European Union (TEU) to be made more effective, and for the General Conditionality Regulation to beapplied without delay. Parliament's resolutions and input to the legislative process leading to the adoption of theGeneral Conditionality Regulation are largely in tune with citizens' sentiments. Parliament has called repeatedly for theestablishment of a comprehensive EU pact on democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights. In its feedback to theCommission's annual rule of law reports, Parliament has called for more country-specific recommendations with a clearblueprint for action. Parliament has been very critical of the Commission for unnecessarily delaying the application ofthe General Conditionality Regulation. It has also firmly upheld the primacy of EU law: the cornerstone of the rule oflaw in the EU and the key prerequisite for EU integration.

Briefing EN

The future of data protection and privacy: How the European Parliament is responding to citizens'expectations

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 27-04-2022Autor MILDEBRATH Hendrik Alexander

Ámbito político DemocraciaPalabra clave biometría | Conferencia europea | datos personales | Derecho de la informática | protección de datos | protección de la

vida privada | protección del consumidor | recogida de datos | reglamento (UE)Resumen This is the fifth briefing within a series benchmarking Parliament's activities against citizens' expectations submitted to

the Conference on the Future of Europe. In a number of different ways, citizens seized the opportunity to call for a highlevel of data protection and privacy, as well as their rigorous implementation. They recommend measures promotingindustry compliance, increasing citizens' control over data, enhancing enforcement and limiting the monitoring, profilingand manipulation of citizens by private and public actors. As this briefing demonstrates, Parliament has largely keptpace with citizens' concerns by taking initiatives in areas where contributing citizens identified a need for action.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 103

Institutional Protection Schemes: What are their differences, strengths, weaknesses, and track records?Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 27-04-2022Autor externo R. Haselmann, J.P. Krahnen, T.H. Tröger, M. Wahrenburg

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosPalabra clave banco | Banco Central Europeo | Centro Común de Investigación | estabilidad financiera | estadística | pequeña y

mediana empresa | unión bancaria de la UEResumen This briefing paper describes and evaluates the law and economics of institution(al) protection schemes. Throughout

our analysis, we use Europe’s largest such scheme, that of German savings banks, as paradigm. We find strengthsand weaknesses: Strong network-internal monitoring and early warning seems to be an important contributor to IPSnetwork success. Similarly, the geographical quasi-cartel encourages banks to build a strong client base, includingSME, in all regions. Third, the growth of the IPS member institutions may have benefitted from the strictly unlimitedprotection offered, in terms of euro amounts per account holder. The counterweighing weaknesses encompass theconditionality of the protection pledge and the underinvestment risk it entails, sometimes referred to as blackmailingthe government, as well as the limited diversification potential of the deposit insurance within the network, and thenear-incompatibility of the IPS model with the provisions of the BRRD, particularly relating to bail-in and resolution.Consequently, we suggest, as policy guidance, to treat large IPS networks similar to large banking groups, and putthem as such under the direct supervision of the ECB within the SSM. Moreover, we suggest strengthening theseriousness of a deposit insurance that offers unlimited protection. Finally, to improve financial stability, we suggestembedding the IPS model into a multi-tier deposit re-insurance scheme, with a national and a European layer.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Institutional Protection Schemes in German BankingTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 27-04-2022Autor externo J. De Haan

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosPalabra clave Alemania | banco cooperativo | caja de ahorros | estabilidad financiera | inspección bancaria | seguro | supervisión

financiera | unión bancaria de la UEResumen This paper discusses the Institutional Protection Schemes of the German Savings Banks Finance Group and the

National Association of Cooperative Banks. Both schemes have been recognised as Deposit Guarantee Schemes.Although both schemes never had to pay out to depositors, supervisors have expressed worries about severalweaknesses of the IPS of the Savings Banks Finance Group, such as unclear responsibilities of the ‘owners’ and theIPS, complex decision-making processes, risk of insufficient pro-active interventions, and no separation between theIPS and the DGS fund. The paper also discusses how both schemes relate to a European Deposit GuaranteeScheme.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Implementing Country Specific Recommendations in national Recovery and Resilience Plans - reformsrelated to public administration, the judicial system and business environment

Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidadFecha 27-04-2022Autor GRIGAITE KRISTINA | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosPalabra clave administración pública | independencia económica | planificación regional | recuperación económica | transición

económica | transposición de la legislación comunitariaResumen Based on Commission’s assessments of national Recovery and Resilience Plans, this paper outlines how 2019 and

2020 Country Specific Recommendations covering public administration, judicial system and business environmentrelated issues are being addressed in national plans. The paper will be updated once new relevant information isavailable.

Análisis en profundidad EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 104

Das Recht auf Gesundheit, eine rechtsvergleichende Perspektive - ÖsterreichTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 27-04-2022Autor externo Diese Studie wurde von Univ.-Prof. MMag. Dr. Andreas WIMMER, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, verfasst, im

Auftrag des Referats „Bibliothek für Vergleichendes Recht“ in der Generaldirektion des wissenschaftlichen Dienstesdes Europäischen Parlaments (GD EPRS), Generalsekretariat des Europäischen Parlaments.

Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Salud públicaResumen Dieses Dokument ist Teil einer Reihe von Studien, mit denen das Recht auf Gesundheit in verschiedenen Staaten aus

rechtsvergleichender Sicht dargestellt werden soll. Nach einer Erklärung der einschlägigen Rechtsvorschriften undRechtsprechung werden der Inhalt, die Grenzen und die mögliche Entwicklung diesem Recht analysiert. Dievorliegende Studie hat den Fall Österreich zum Gegenstand. Der österreichischen Rechtsordnung, insbesondere derVerfassungsrechtsordnung, ist ein „Recht auf Gesundheit“ mit gutem Grund weitgehend fremd, denn niemand kanndie Gesundheit eines Menschen garantieren. Nichtsdestoweniger ist der Schutz der Gesundheit Normzweckzahlreicher Rechtsvorschriften, ganze Rechtsgebiete sind dem (präventiven und restaurativen) Gesundheitsschutzgewidmet. Das öffentliche Interesse am allgemeinen Gesundheitsschutz der Bevölkerung (früher: „Volksgesundheit“)vermag weitreichende Grundrechtseingriffe zu rechtfertigen, wie die COVID-19-Pandemie und die zum Zweck derPandemiebekämpfung getroffenen staatlichen Maßnahmen gezeigt haben. Die Verfassung und derVerfassungsgerichtshof als Hüter der Verfassung hielten diesem Belastungstest in bemerkenswerter Weise stand. DerGesetzgeber wird in naher Zukunft berufen sein, die Vorschriften zur Pandemiebekämpfung umfassend zuüberarbeiten und den Erfordernissen der globalisierten Welt des 21. Jahrhunderts anzupassen.

Estudio DE

The added value of the Recovery and Resilience Facility-Based on an assessment of the Recovery andResilience Plans: France, Italy, Portugal and Spai

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 27-04-2022

Autor externo Carlos MARTINEZ MONGAY, María Dolores GADEA RIVAS, Beatriz BARRADO, Vanesa AZÓNÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios

Resumen This paper assesses the value added of the the RRPs of France, Italy, Spain and Portugal in light of the vulnerabilitieslimiting their long-term growth, and of some main implementation risks, such as the need to avoid financing recurrentexpenditures, the degree of additionality of the RRPs, the preference for grants, the lack of EU value added, orinsufficient administrative capacity. The paper calls for a political debate on such issues and, in particular, on the roleof additionality.

Estudio EN

The European added value of the Recovery and Resilience FacilityTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 27-04-2022Autor externo F.Corti, D.Gros, A. Liscai, T.Ruiz, T. Kiss-Galfalvi, D.Gstrein, E.Herold, M.Dolls, C.Fuest

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs) of Austria, Belgium,

and Germany. Exploiting a detailed database that covers all the investments and reforms included in the NRRPs andbuilding on insights from semi-structured expert interviews, we study their alignment with EU objectives, theadditionality of the spending, and the cross-border effects. We find that all three NRRPs are well aligned with theobjectives defined in the RRF Regulation but differ greatly in terms of additionality. Cross-border projects are only oflimited importance. We finally highlight some missed opportunities for other cross-border projects

Estudio EN

Institutional Protection Schemes in the Banking UnioTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 27-04-2022Autor externo F. Ippolito, P. Hope, R. Van Dijk

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosPalabra clave banco | Centro Común de Investigación | gestión de crisis | indicador económico | política económica | unión bancaria

de la UEResumen The present study provides an analysis of the existing Institutional Protection Schemes (IPSs) in the Banking Union

within the context of the ongoing review of the bank crisis management and deposit insurance framework. The paperexamines how IPSs form an integral part of the European deposit insurance protection architecture, specifically inGermany and Austria, and how IPS operate alongside National Resolution Authorities and National Deposit InsuranceSchemes

Estudio EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 105

Investigación para la Comisión REGI - Las regiones de la UE en la transformación hacia un futuroclimáticamente neutro

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 27-04-2022

Autor externo Kinga HAT, Helene GORNY, Mailin GAUPP-BERGHAUSEN, Bernd SCHUH, Sergio BARROSO, Markus HAMETNER,Patricia URBAN, Katharina UMPFENBACH, Deyana SPASOVA

Ámbito político Desarrollo regional | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la prácticaPalabra clave adaptación al cambio climático | cambio climático | desarrollo sostenible | estrategia de la UE | estudio de impacto |

neutralidad en carbono | transición económicaEstudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT

Environmental crime directiveTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 26-04-2022Autor HUEMER MARIE-ASTRID

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex antePalabra clave cooperación judicial penal (UE) | cooperación transfronteriza | delito ecológico | Derecho del medio ambiente |

Derecho penal | estadísticas del medio ambiente | estudio de impacto | lucha contra el crimen | propuesta (UE) |protección del medio ambiente | responsabilidad criminal | sanción penal

Resumen This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impactassessment (IA) accompanying the above-mentioned proposal, which was submitted on 15 December 2021 andreferred to the European Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI). Despite the lack of systematic statisticaldata, environmental, social and economic damage caused by environmental crimes has been widely documented.Directive 2008/99/EC (the Environmental Crime Directive, ECD) was aimed primarily at improving environmentalprotection by means of harmonised criminal legislation. In 2020, the evaluation of the ECD showed that legalshortcomings and enforcement gaps had affected its effectiveness in deterring environmental crime in all its forms. Itsrevision, planned in the 2021 Commission work programme, underpins the Commission's priorities around the GreenDeal and the biodiversity strategy The European Parliament has called on the Commission to tackle environmentalcrime in its 2014 resolution on wildlife crime and its 2013 resolution on organised crime and corruption. The proposal isaccompanied by a communication on stepping up the fight against environmental crime.

Briefing EN

Research for AGRI Committee - The Future of the European Farming Model: Socio-economic andterritorial implications of the decline in the number of farms and farmers in the EU

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 26-04-2022Autor LECARTE Jacques | NEGRE François

Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo rural | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la prácticaPalabra clave agricultura sostenible | ayuda a la agricultura | ayuda al desarrollo | desarrollo rural | estadística agraria | estructura

agraria | modelo agrario europeo | régimen de pago únicoResumen This at-a-glance note is the summary of the study providing an overview of the effect of the decline in the number of

farms across the EU on the European farming model (EFM), which is built around the notion of multifunctionality andprovision of public goods by agriculture. It concludes that in order to foster sustainability and resilience, the EFM andpolicy must embrace the emerging diversity of farmer profiles and stimulate socially desirable adaptive strategies thatpreserve the multifunctionality of farming.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 106

Nutrient profiles: A 'farm to fork' strategy initiative takes shapeTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 26-04-2022Autor LAANINEN Tarja

Ámbito político Seguridad alimentariaPalabra clave azúcar | denominación del producto | estrategia de la UE | etiquetado | información al consumidor | nutrición | producto

alimenticio | salud pública | sustancia grasa | vitaminaResumen The European Commission is planning to establish 'nutrient profiles', that is, maximum amounts for nutrients such as

fat, sugar and/or salt in foods, above which the use of nutrition or health claims would be restricted or forbidden. Forexample, breakfast cereals exceeding a sugar limit could no longer advertise their fibre or vitamin content. TheCommission was already tasked with setting nutrient profiles to restrict the promotion of food high in fat, sugar and/orsalt under the Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation ('Claims Regulation') adopted in 2006. Now, in accordance withthe action plan accompanying the EU's 'farm to fork' strategy, the Commission will submit a proposal on nutrientprofiles by the end of 2022. The proposal will form part of a wider package revising EU legislation on food informationsupplied to consumers, together with proposals on front-of-pack nutrition labelling, origin labelling, date marking, andlabelling of alcoholic beverages. In the same package, the Commission also intends to solve a problem that has longbeen puzzling manufacturers and consumers in the herbal and plant products market, namely, that the same productcan be classified both as a herbal medicine and as a food, depending on the Member State in which it is sold. Whilemost consumer organisations and health advocates strongly support the idea of introducing nutrient profiles,opponents caution against overly simplistic labels that punish certain food groups and lead health-consciousindividuals to avoid them. The European Parliament has stressed that food information is a potent tool for empoweringconsumers.

Briefing EN

Asylum, borders and migration: How the European Parliament is responding to citizens' expectationsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 26-04-2022Autor ATANASSOV Nikolai | MENTZELOPOULOU Maria-Margarita | ORAV Anita

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave ciudadano de la UE | Conferencia europea | control de las migraciones | control fronterizo | derecho de asilo | Europa

de los ciudadanos | frontera exterior de la UE | Frontex | integración de los migrantes | menor no acompañado |política migratoria de la UE

Resumen The Conference on the Future of Europe was designed to give citizens a say about their vision for the EU, by means ofa multilingual digital platform and citizens' panels. The panels are transnational forums, gathering citizens from the EUMember States to discuss their ideas for the future of the Union and make recommendations on how the EU could beimproved. The resulting proposals are diverse and constructive. The suggestions for the future range from adjustmentsof legislation in force to complete overhaul of current systems in an effort to build a more efficient, integrated Union thatis closer to its citizens. This briefing focuses on some of the recommendations made by Panel 4 (EU in theworld/migration), suggestions and comments uploaded onto the multilingual digital platform, and proposals broughtforward by the European Youth Event. The topics cover EU policy on asylum, irregular migration and border protection,and the role of EU agencies in this area. Participants also considered the future of legal migration and integration ofmigrants in the EU. The second part of the briefing gives and overview of the European Parliament's position on thesetopics, and its call for change in the fields where citizens have asked for more EU action. This is the briefing in a serieslooking at citizens' expectations in the context of the Conference on the Future of Europe. The first briefing looked atexpectations having mainly a constitutional and institutional impact, i.e. suggestions to reform the EU institutional set-up, improve the EU decision-making process, achieve closer cooperation among Member States, and strengthenParliament's prerogatives. The second one looked at proposals to enhance citizens' participation to the Europeanproject, through consultations, petitions, European Citizens Initiatives and referendums.

Briefing EN

Revision of the Schengen Borders CodeTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 26-04-2022Autor DUMBRAVA Costica

Ámbito político Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativosPalabra clave Acuerdo de Schengen | control fronterizo | frontera exterior de la UE | frontera interior de la UE | migración ilegal |

migrante | política migratoria de la UE | propuesta (UE) | viajeResumen In December 2021, the European Commission presented a proposal to amend the Schengen Borders Code, which

lays down the rules governing controls at the EU internal and external borders. While debates on the reform ofSchengen have been going on for a while, recent challenges related to the coronavirus pandemic on the one hand,and attempts to instrumentalise migrants as a way to put pressure on the EU's external borders, on the other, havecreated new momentum for reform. The Commission's proposal aims to improve the Schengen system's resilience toserious threats, and to adapt it to new challenges. It introduces a new coordination mechanism to deal with healththreats at the external borders and a new Schengen safeguard mechanism to provide a common response at theinternal borders in situations of threats affecting Member States, including the possibility to directly transfer irregularmigrants apprehended at the internal borders back to the competent authorities in the EU country from which it isassumed they just came, without undergoing an individual assessment. The proposal, which falls under the ordinarylegislative procedure, is at the initial stage of the legislative process. In the European Parliament, the proposal hasbeen assigned to the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE). Preliminary discussions have alsotaken place in the Council. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stagesthroughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 107

Russia's war on Ukraine: Reassessing 'citizenship by investment' schemesTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 25-04-2022Autor DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave Belarús | derecho de residencia | Estado miembro UE | extranjero | intervención militar | inversión | medida restrictiva

de la UE | naturalización | Rusia | UcraniaResumen Since 2014, the European Parliament and European Commission have been calling on Member States not to grant

citizenship in return for investment in the country concerned. Following the invasion of Ukraine by Russian militaryforces, these calls have intensified, with Member States now being urged to withdraw such citizenship when it hasbeen granted to Russian or Belarusian nationals who are on the sanctions list or support the invasion.

De un vistazo EN

Los principios de igualdad y no discriminación: una perspectiva de Derecho Comparado - FranciaTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 25-04-2022Autor externo Ponthoreau, Marie-Claire

Ámbito político Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la prácticaResumen Este documento se integra en una serie de estudios que, desde una perspectiva de Derecho Comparado, tienen por

objeto presentar los principios de igualdad y no discriminación en distintos Estados. Tras exponer la normativa y lajurisprudencia de aplicación, se examinan el contenido, los límites y la posible evolución de dichos principios. Elpresente estudio tiene como objeto el caso de Francia. El principio de igualdad no es un principio jurídico comocualquier otro. Es al mismo tiempo un principio de igualdad política y de igualdad civil. Esto explica que el principio deigualdad se invoque con mucha frecuencia ante el Consejo Constitucional francés. La cuestión jurídica principal es larelación entre el principio de igualdad y el principio de no discriminación. La categoría de las discriminaciones mereceser examinada con el fin de mostrar, en especial, las particularidades del caso francés. El presente documento es laversión en español del estudio publicado originalmente por la Biblioteca de Derecho Comparado en francés en enerode 2021. Está versión pone al día la versión anterior mediante las notas del editor.

Estudio ES

Modernisation of the Energy Charter TreatyTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 22-04-2022Autor WILSON Alex Benjamin

Ámbito político EnergíaPalabra clave acuerdo internacional | arbitraje internacional | cambio climático | Carta Europea de la Energía | cooperación

energética | cooperación internacional | garantía de inversiones | inversión extranjera | rendimiento energéticoResumen The European Commission is currently negotiating a revision of the 1994 Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). This revision

would, inter alia, reform the ECT's investor–state dispute resolution mechanisms and explicitly allow countries to takeregulatory actions affecting existing investments, for reasons such as environmental protection or climate action. Theoverarching objective is to ensure that the ECT is modernised in a way that would avoid the EU and its Member Statesdeciding to withdraw from the ECT on either a coordinated or a unilateral basis.

De un vistazo EN

Russia’s war on Ukraine: NATO responseTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 22-04-2022Autor CLAPP SEBASTIAN

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Seguridad y defensaPalabra clave cooperación militar | cooperación UE-OTAN | instauración de la paz | intervención militar | OTAN | Rusia | sanción

internacional | seguridad europea | UcraniaResumen NATO has condemned Russia’s war on Ukraine in the strongest possible terms, and calls it ‘the biggest security threat

in a generation’. The Alliance calls on Russia to cease hostilities immediately, withdraw all its forces from Ukraine andwork towards a peaceful diplomatic solution. To avoid direct confrontation with Russia, NATO has made clear that itwill not deploy forces to Ukraine, which is not a NATO member, nor will it enforce a no-fly zone over Ukraine. Thedelivery of weapons and equipment to Ukraine (by individual NATO Allies) and the imposition of unprecedentedsanctions are being organised predominantly outside the NATO framework. In order to deter further Russianaggression and reassure its Allies, NATO has substantially enhanced its own deterrence posture, with largedeployments of troops and equipment to the eastern flank of the Alliance's territory.

De un vistazo XL, EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 108

Russia's war on Ukraine's cultural heritageTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 21-04-2022Autor PASIKOWSKA-SCHNASS Magdalena

Ámbito político CulturaPalabra clave ayuda financiera | crimen de guerra | intervención militar | patrimonio cultural | protección del patrimonio | Rusia |

Ucrania | UnescoResumen Russia's invasion of Ukraine aims to deny the sovereign country its right to a distinct identity. Indiscriminate shelling is

seriously damaging Ukraine's cultural heritage. International law sets rules to limit civilian deaths and destruction ofcultural heritage, both are war crimes that the international community will need to address.

De un vistazo XL, EN

Article 17 TFEU: Dialogue with churches, and religious and philosophical organisationsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 21-04-2022Autor PASIKOWSKA-SCHNASS Magdalena

Ámbito político Cultura | EducaciónPalabra clave grupo religioso | iglesia | institución religiosa | pobreza | relación Iglesia-Estado | Tratado de Funcionamiento de la UE

Resumen The EU institutions engage in regular structured dialogue with representatives of churches, and religious, non-confessional and philosophical organisations, on the basis of Article 17 of the Treaty on the Functioning of theEuropean Union (TFEU). This dialogue, which takes the form of high-level meetings or working-level discussions, isfocused on policy issues on the European agenda. It traces its origins to earlier initiatives, such as that launched in1994 by Jacques Delors – 'A soul for Europe' – which aimed to find ways to build an ethical, moral and spiritualdimension into European integration and policy-shaping. The draft Constitutional Treaty of 2004 included provisions onregular, open and transparent dialogue between EU institutions, and representatives of churches and religiouscommunities, and of non-confessional or philosophical communities. Although the Constitutional Treaty was rejected inreferendums in France and the Netherlands, its successor, the Lisbon Treaty, adopted in 2007 and in force sinceDecember 2009, preserved the same provisions in its Article 17 TFEU. The European Parliament has stressed theimportance of constant dialogue among, and with, religious and non-confessional and philosophical communities.Following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, it sought to give substance to the provisions of Article 17 TFEU,primarily through organising dialogue on subjects of interest for the EU and its citizens. The European Commissionand the Council also hold regular Article 17 TFEU dialogue sessions and high-level meetings. This is a further updatedversion of a briefing last issued in November 2020.

Briefing EN, FR

Human development in Putin's Russia: What the data tell usTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 21-04-2022Autor PICHON Eric | RUSSELL Martin

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresPalabra clave bienestar social | cuestión de Crimea | desarrollo económico | desarrollo humano | relaciones de la Unión Europea |

Rusia | UcraniaResumen While the UN Human Development Index, which assesses progress in the standard of living, health and education,

ranks Russia among the 'very high human development' countries, other data suggest a more nuanced reality. Russiahas gone from Soviet-era egalitarianism to extremes of wealth and poverty. Economic growth during the first decadeunder Vladimir Putin's leadership slightly reduced the gap between rich and poor, but inequality is still higher than inmost developed countries. Factors such as corruption and low taxes for the rich exacerbate the income gap. Freepublic healthcare and a relatively inclusive education system apparently mitigate inequality. However, many hospitalsare ill-equipped, and universities struggle to compare with foreign counterparts. Since 2014 and the invasion ofCrimea, Russians' living conditions have deteriorated. Russia's war of aggression on Ukraine and the imposition ofWestern sanctions is already placing a burden on the poorest members of Russian society, as prices increase andstaple goods begin to run out. The social contract between Russians and Putin, often considered as one in whichcitizens ceded certain freedoms and civil liberties in exchange for stability and prosperity, is now under strain. Thisbriefing is partly based on and updates previous EPRS publications on socioeconomic inequality and on the educationsystem.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 109

Multilateral initiatives for upholding human rights in digital technologies: A task for the UN or for liberaldemocracies?

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 21-04-2022Autor ZAMFIR Ionel

Ámbito político Democracia | Derechos humanosPalabra clave derechos humanos | impacto de la tecnología de la información | impacto social | inteligencia artificial | nueva

tecnología | tecnología de la información | tecnología digitalResumen With their rapid advancement in recent times, digital technologies have undeniably had major positive and also

negative impacts on human rights. They have offered people better opportunities to communicate and exchangeinformation, thereby empowering them to exercise their right to freedom of expression and association, among others,and to draw public attention to human rights violations. On the other hand, they have enabled disinformation, cyber-surveillance and abusive behaviour, such as hate speech, cyber-crime and misuse of personal data. There is a broadconsensus that the same human rights and human rights obligations that apply offline also apply in the digitalenvironment. However, new technologies are creating a fundamentally different paradigm for human interaction, andthe current international human rights framework has conceptual gaps. The main question for the international debateis how to fill these gaps. Through soft ethical standards or binding rules? What is the best forum for this? While the UNis best placed, given its universal scope, it has been weakened by the actions of authoritarian states. Multilateralcoalitions of democratic states are an alternative avenue, but they bring a risk of fragmentation of the global space fordigital technologies. When looking at how human rights play out in the digital context, it is important to carefullybalance the benefits and risks of new technologies, to apply a multi-stakeholder approach, and to bear in mind thathuman rights obligations, while still incumbent on states as the main duty bearers, also apply to businesses,particularly those behind new technological developments. The EU is involved in the discussions on the above issues,both in the UN and in coalitions of liberal democracies. In parallel, the EU is working on developing guidance andbinding norms on how human rights obligations apply at EU and national level with respect to the digital environment.

Briefing EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: Support for the fishing, aquaculture and fish-processing sectorsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-04-2022Autor SCHOLAERT FREDERIK

Ámbito político PescaPalabra clave acuicultura | ayuda de la UE | ayuda pública | consecuencia económica | Fondo Europeo Marítimo y de Pesca |

intervención militar | precio de la energía | Rusia | subida de precios | UcraniaResumen The Russian war against Ukraine has a significant impact on the EU seafood sector. Increased prices for energy and

raw materials have led to high operating costs for fishermen, aquaculture farmers and fish-processing companies. TheEuropean Commission has responded with emergency measures, adapting State aid rules and activating exceptionalsupport from the European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF).

De un vistazo EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: Impact on athletes and sports competitionsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 20-04-2022Autor KATSAROVA Ivana

Ámbito político Cultura | EducaciónResumen Under Vladimir Putin's watch, Russia hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Other

authoritarian regimes, such as China's and Qatar's, have engaged in similar 'sports-washing' activities to gaininternational credibility and divert attention from their troublesome human rights records. However, Putin's decision toinvade Ukraine put an end to sport's neutrality. In the past few weeks, multiple sports governing bodies andinternational federations have moved to exclude Russia from major sporting events, thus depriving its regime of aprecious soft power.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 110

Future Shocks 2022: Addressing risks and building capabilities for Europe in a contested worldTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 20-04-2022Ámbito político Coronavirus | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioPalabra clave enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | gestión de riesgos | guerra | política exterior y de seguridad común | recesión

económica | relaciones de la Unión Europea | seguridad europea | sistema de alerta de la UEResumen The coronavirus crisis has demonstrated not only that the European Union faces a variety of risks, and that those

disparate risks are inter-linked, but that the response to such challenges to the Union - even in areas in which the EUdoes not have explicit competence - is stronger with the Union and its Member States acting together. Russia's war onUkraine, which was launched while this study was being drafted, shows us not just the added value of concerted actionby the Union but also the ability of EU institutions and Member States to find new and effective solutions to deal withmajor shocks. This paper, the first in an annual series, seeks to assess the risks to, and capabilities and resilience of,the EU system. Building on a review of global risks, it considers in detail specific risks with the potential to harmEurope and its people. It then sets out options for policy responses which can ensure Europe is more able to addressthe dangers of such risks and minimise the potential damage. Among the options set out are those previously includedin European Parliament resolutions, in positions from other EU institutions, and in policy papers from think tanks andstakeholders.

Estudio EN

Multimedia Responding better to future pandemics

Fighting antibiotic resistance

Fitfor55: a new energy system

The Recovery and Resilience Facility: RRF

Building a European social model for the 21st century

Establishing greater strategic autonomy for European industry

Russia's brutal expansionism

Overview of risks for Europe in 2022 and beyond

Strengthening the EU's chip sector

EU food security responses to the war in Ukraine

A new agenda for the Mediterranean: Are the EU tools and means of action up to its ambitions?Tipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 20-04-2022Autor externo Katarzyna SIDŁO; Emmanuel COHEN-HADRIA

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | CoronavirusPalabra clave coexistencia pacífica | cooperación política | geopolítica | país tercero | política exterior y de seguridad común | región

mediterránea (UE) | relaciones de la Unión EuropeaResumen The Southern Neighbourhood (SN) of the European Union (EU) remains in what appears to be a state of permanent

turmoil. Similarly, the rift in Euro-Mediterranean relations seems to be growing, as exemplified by reactions to theRussian aggression on Ukraine across the SN region and despite a window of opportunity the pandemic offered torelaunch cooperation between both sides of the Mediterranean. The Joint Communication on a ‘Renewed partnershipwith the Southern Neighbourhood: a New Agenda for the Mediterranean’, released in February 2021 and endorsed byApril 2021 Council conclusions, is an attempt at addressing both the above mentioned rift, and the multitude andmagnitude of challenges facing societies and economies of the SN countries. The present study considers whether theJoint Communication is well-fitted to achieve these goals. Accordingly, it first undertakes an analysis of the geopoliticaltrends and megatrends, of the political, and socio-economic situation in the region, and the state of Euro-Mediterranean relations. Subsequently, it looks into the text of the Joint Communication and the accompanyingEconomic and Investment Plan, exploring their potential for launching a new phase in this relationship in the areas ofgreen and digital transitions, promotion of ‘inclusiveness’, migration, trade, and peace and security. The studyconcludes that more than a year after its adoption, many question marks remain in relation to the implementation of theJoint Communication, and a truly comprehensive and strategic framework to guide the EU’s relations with its SN is stillmissing.

Estudio EN

Controlling Subsidiarity in Today's EU: the Role of the European Parliament and the National ParliamentsTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 20-04-2022Autor externo Diane FROMAGE

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derechode la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica

Palabra clave Comisión Europea | elaboración del Derecho de la UE | Parlamento Europeo | Parlamento nacional | principio desubsidiariedad | procedimiento legislativo

Resumen Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty (2009), the EU national parliaments have had the right to control theprinciple of subsidiarity through the Early Warning System (EWS). This study, commissioned by the EuropeanParliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the JURI Committee,examines how the EWS has worked over the past 12 years. It also looks into the interaction of the EuropeanCommission, local and regional entities, the Committee of the Regions and the Court of Justice of the EU with nationalparliaments to this end.

Estudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo DE, EN, FR

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 111

Russia's war on Ukraine: EU sanctions in 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 13-04-2022Autor CLAPP SEBASTIAN | IMMENKAMP Beatrix

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresPalabra clave cuestión de Crimea | intervención militar | medida restrictiva de la UE | restricción de los intercambios | Rusia | sanción

económica | sanción internacional | UcraniaResumen Outraged by Moscow's illegal and unjustified invasion of Ukraine, the EU Member States have adopted

unprecedentedly tough sanctions against Russia, in cooperation with the US, Canada, the UK and other G7 countries,the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) members, and others. Below is a timeline of the sanctions adopted in responseto Russia's decision, announced on 21 February 2022, to recognise the non-government controlled areas of Donetskand Luhansk oblasts in Ukraine as independent entities, and Russia's subsequent invasion of Ukraine on 24 February2022. The timeline does not include EU sanctions adopted in 2014 in response to Russia's annexation of Crimea.

De un vistazo EN

Revision of the Ecodesign DirectiveTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-04-2022Autor BACIAN Izabela Cristina

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Energía | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica |Medio ambiente | Transposición y aplicación de la legislación

Palabra clave Derecho del medio ambiente | diseño ecológico | economía circular | etiqueta ecológica | etiqueta energética de la UE |impacto ambiental | política de medio ambiente de la UE

Resumen Ecodesign and energy labelling policies play an important role in the decarbonisation of the energy system. Ecodesignbans the least-efficient products from the market, while energy labelling guides consumers towards the most energyefficient products. While the Ecodesign Directive focused largely on energy aspects, its revision became necessary inlight of the transition to a circular economy where the use of natural resources is reassessed to maximise their valueand minimise their waste. The recently proposed regulation on ecodesign for sustainable products will extend thescope to a wider range of products, strengthen sustainability and circularity criteria, and introduce new informationrequirements for products. Following the adoption of the regulation, the Ecodesign Directive will be repealed. The newlegal framework aims to put in place a harmonised set of rules for sustainable products across all Member States andensure a level-playing field for businesses.

Briefing EN

Situation in Lebanon: Severe and prolonged economic depressionTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-04-2022Autor IMMENKAMP Beatrix | JONGBERG Kirsten

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresPalabra clave condición socioeconómica | impacto social | Líbano | recesión económica | relaciones de la Unión Europea | situación

económica | situación financieraResumen The Lebanese government's decision to impose new taxes in October 2019 sparked nation-wide protests by a

population exhausted by poor public services, worried about increasing national debt and frustrated by widespreadcorruption. Since then, Lebanese politics have been marked by political deadlock that has prevented successivegovernments from implementing urgent reforms. The devastating explosion in the port of Beirut on 4 August 2020 onlyexacerbated the situation. By the time Prime Minister Najib Mikati presented his new government on 10 September2021, the country had sunk deeply into a financial and economic crisis. Lebanon's severe and prolonged economicdepression is, according to the World Bank, 'likely to rank in the top 10, possibly top 3, most severe crisis episodesglobally since the mid-nineteenth century'. Poverty in Lebanon has spread dramatically over the past year and nowaffects about 74 % of the population. Lebanon is host to approximately 1.5 million Syrian refugees, 90 % of whom livein extreme poverty. There are also over 210 000 other refugees. The Lebanese pound has lost 90 % of its value in thepast two years, most people have only two hours of electricity per day, and the healthcare sector is at breaking point.The middle class has been decimated, with many leaving the country or planning to do so. There is concern thatparliamentary elections scheduled for May 2022 may be postponed, further prolonging the political deadlock that ispreventing the implementation of critical reforms. The war in Ukraine is meanwhile expected to have a serious impacton Lebanon, which imports around 90 % of its wheat from Ukraine and Russia. The EU has supported Lebanon with€2.77 billion over the past decade, to help the country However, in July 2021, the Council adopted a framework fortargeted restrictive measures, offering the possibility to impose sanctions on persons and entities responsible forundermining democracy or the rule of law in Lebanon. The European Parliament has called Lebanon's presentsituation a 'man-made disaster caused by a handful of men across the political class'.

Briefing EN, FR

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 112

Minimising the risk of deforestation and forest degradation associated with products placed on the EUmarket and exported from the EU

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 13-04-2022Autor VIKOLAINEN Vera

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex antePalabra clave agrosilvicultura | biodiversidad | deforestación | estrategia de la UE | impacto ambiental | silvicultura

Resumen This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impactassessment (IA) accompanying the proposal for an EU legal framework to halt and reverse EU-driven globaldeforestation, submitted on 17 November 2021 and referred to the European Parliament's Committee on Environment,Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI). The proposal was first announced in the 2019 Commission communication onStepping up EU action to protect and restore the world's forests, and then confirmed in the European Green Deal, the2030 EU biodiversity strategy and the 'farm to fork' strategy. On 22 October 2020, on the basis of an own-initiativereport, the European Parliament adopted a resolution, which was accompanied by a European added valueassessment. The resolution calls on the Commission to submit a proposal for an EU legal framework to halt andreverse EU-driven global deforestation. Following up on this request, the Commission included the present proposal inits 2021 work programme and the 2021 joint declaration on legislative priorities.

Briefing EN

Nominations for Members of the European Court of Auditors (Cyprus and Malta)Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-04-2022Autor FRANKE Michaela

Autor externo Michaela Franke Adam NugentÁmbito político Control presupuestario | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | PresupuestoPalabra clave agente (UE) | Austria | candidato | Chipre | funcionario europeo | Irlanda | Malta | Polonia | Tribunal de Cuentas

EuropeoResumen As set out in Article 285 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), the European Court of

Auditors (ECA) shall consist of one national of each Member State. Article 286 (2) TFEU further specifies that eachMember State has the right to propose its candidate. The Council then adopts the list of Members as proposed by theMember States. Often, this is a partial renewal of the Court - only one or a few Members are appointed, as themandates of the Members may expire at different points in time. The Council can only act after consulting theEuropean Parliament; in practice, the Committee on Budgetary Control (CONT) is responsible and the Member-designate of the ECA makes a statement before the committee and has to answer its questions. CONT then votes onthe nomination and thus issues a recommendation to plenary, which votes within two months of receipt of thenomination. In case of an unfavourable opinion, the President shall ask the Council to withdraw its nomination and tosubmit a new nomination (Rule 129 of the EP’s Rules of Procedure). However, Parliament’s opinion is not binding forthe Council.

Briefing EN

Solidarity and wealth taxTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 13-04-2022Autor SCHWARCZ András

Ámbito político Control presupuestario | PresupuestoPalabra clave consecuencia económica | Cuarto Mundo | enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | impuesto sobre el patrimonio |

pobreza | política fiscal | recuperación económica | recursos propios | riquezaResumen In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the economic costs of the lockdown became apparent. Most countries needed

to step up health and social spending, while also introducing stimulus packages as their tax revenues fell. This has ledto increased budget deficits and sovereign debt. Additional revenue streams need to be found in the near future inorder to pay back this debt.

Briefing EN

Sanctions in the context of Russia’s invasion of UkraineTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 13-04-2022Autor GRIGAITE KRISTINA | MAGNUS Marcel | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosPalabra clave guerra | intervención militar | medida restrictiva de la UE | Rusia | sanción económica | sanción internacional | Ucrania

Resumen This briefing provides summarised and simplified information regarding the sanctions the EU is imposing following theRussian invasion of Ukraine. It covers the EU framework for adopting and imposing sanctions; the sanctions EU isimposing following Russia’s attack on Ukraine; how these are being implemented and enforced and how the EUsanctions can be rendered more effective.

Análisis en profundidad EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 113

Russia's war on Ukraine: EU food policy implicationsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 12-04-2022Autor LAANINEN Tarja

Ámbito político Seguridad alimentariaPalabra clave cereal | consecuencia económica | escasez de alimentos | importación (UE) | intervención militar | precio alimentario |

Rusia | seguridad alimentaria | subida de precios | UcraniaResumen The impact on EU food markets of Russia's war on Ukraine is likely to be multi-faceted, with many companies already

struggling with shortages of food ingredients and packaging materials. Using alternative ingredients requires alteringlabels, but this could mean months of testing recipes and waiting for new packaging with accurate labels. EU andglobal food prices are rising, but so are production costs, and transport and energy prices.

De un vistazo EN

PETI Fact-finding visit to Baleares, Spain - 11 - 13 April 2022Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 12-04-2022Autor FERNANDEZ LOPEZ LAURA | HEEZEN JOHANNES

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Peticiones al Parlamento Europeo | Politica socialPalabra clave Derecho nacional | derechos del niño | directiva (UE) | España | Islas Baleares | lucha contra el crimen | pedofilia |

protección de la infancia | violencia sexualResumen The PETI Committee decided to organise a fact-finding visit to Palma de Mallorca, Baleares (Spain) from 11 to 13 April

2022 concerning several petitions on alleged mistreatment of minors under foster care in Mallorca. This briefingdescribes the legislation in place, the system of guardianship of minors in Spain, the Majorcan Institute of Socialaffairs, the Natzaret Foundation, the timeline of events and the Report of the Commission of Experts on cases ofsexual abuse and exploitation and Sexual Exploitation of Children of minors with a legal measure of protection ofMallorca.

Briefing EN

Climate Mainstreaming in the EU Budget: 2022 UpdateTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 12-04-2022Autor externo François LEVARLET, t33 srl Michele ALESSANDRINI, t33 srl Margit SCHRATZENSTALLER-ALTZINGER, WIFO

Nicolò FRANCESCHELLI, BlomeyerÁmbito político Control presupuestario | PresupuestoPalabra clave biodiversidad | cambio climático | impacto ambiental | marco financiero plurianual | política agrícola común | política de

medio ambiente de la UE | presupuesto de la UE | vigilancia del medio ambienteResumen This study is an update of ‘Documenting climate mainstreaming in the EU budget’ published in 2020. The methodology

used by the European Commission for tracking climate change and biodiversity related expenditure at EU level isreviewed again in the light of the Multiannual Financial Framework approved in 2021 and the new regulatoryframework covering the period 2021-2027. This confirms the main strengths and weaknesses pointed out by the initialstudy. Recommendations for improving the tracking mechanisms are updated considering the new requirements of theInterinstitutional Agreement (2020).

Estudio EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: Impact on food security and EU responseTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 11-04-2022Autor CAPRILE ANNA

Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo ruralPalabra clave cereal | consecuencia económica | escasez de alimentos | importación (UE) | independencia alimentaria | intervención

militar | precio alimentario | Rusia | seguridad alimentaria | UcraniaResumen Russia's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine, a country known as the 'breadbasket of Europe', is raising fears of a global

food crisis, further exacerbating existing food security challenges worldwide. Much depends on the response of theinternational community, including the EU, to a number of rapidly evolving scenarios.

De un vistazo EN

Multimedia Food security in times of crisis

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 114

Sustainable maritime fuels - 'Fit for 55' package: the FuelEU Maritime proposalTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 11-04-2022Autor PAPE Marketa

Ámbito político Energía | Medio ambiente | TransportePalabra clave combustible fósil | combustible para uso marítimo | contaminación por barcos | estrategia de la UE | navegación

marítima | neutralidad en carbono | propuesta (UE)Resumen In July 2021, the European Commission put forward the 'fit for 55' package of legislative proposals, aimed at ensuring

the success of the European Green Deal. The FuelEU Maritime regulation is one of these proposals and, together withfour other proposals, it seeks to steer the EU maritime sector towards decarbonisation. In the European Parliament,the Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN) leads the work on this file. On 4 April 2022, the rapporteur JörgenWarborn put forward his draft report which will be considered during the TRAN meeting later in April. To support theuptake of sustainable maritime fuels, the Commission proposes to limit the carbon intensity of the energy used onboard ships. Accordingly, the proposal sets up a fuel standard for ships and introduces a requirement for the mostpolluting ship types to use onshore electricity when at berth. It puts the responsibility for compliance on the shippingcompany. The legislative outcome of this proposal will be closely linked to the simultaneously proposed rules onincluding the maritime sector in the EU emissions trading system, as well as those on alternative fuels infrastructure,energy taxation and renewable energy. Second edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at keystages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Multimedia Sustainable maritime fuels - 'Fit for 55' package: the FuelEU Maritime proposal

Towards deforestation-free commodities and products in the EUTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 11-04-2022Autor HALLEUX Vivienne

Ámbito político Medio ambientePalabra clave aceite vegetal | biodiversidad | bioenergía | bovino | cacao | café | deforestación | exportación (UE) | mercado de

productos básicos | producto de madera | propuesta (UE) | sojaResumen On 17 November 2021, the European Commission tabled a legislative proposal aimed at curbing deforestation and

forest degradation driven by the expansion of agricultural land used to produce specific commodities, namely cattle,cocoa, coffee, palm oil, soya and wood. Following up on a 2020 European Parliament resolution, which called forregulatory action to tackle EU-driven global deforestation, the proposal would impose due diligence obligations onoperators placing these commodities and some derived products on the EU market, or exporting them from the EU.Member States would be responsible for enforcement, and for setting penalties in case of non-compliance. To facilitatedue diligence and control, a benchmarking system would identify countries as presenting a low, standard or high risk ofproducing non-compliant commodities or products. Obligations for operators and national authorities would varyaccording to the level of risk assigned to the country of production. While generally supporting the proposal,stakeholders have raised some issues, regarding for instance the commodities covered, the protection of humanrights, the impacts of the country benchmarking on trade relationships, and the role of third-party certification. In theParliament, the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, responsible for the file, is expected toconsider its rapporteur's draft report in April 2022. Second edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings areupdated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

Review of the Waste Shipment RegulationTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 11-04-2022Autor VETTORAZZI STEFANO

Ámbito político Medio ambientePalabra clave economía circular | estudio de impacto | exportación (UE) | exportación de residuos | gestión de residuos | importación

(UE) | propuesta (UE) | protección del medio ambiente | salud pública | transporte intra-UE | transporte transfronterizoResumen The IA convincingly illustrates the identified problems, although their scale is not always supported by estimates, or the

source of some of the estimates is not provided. When discussing how the situation would evolve without furtheraction, the IA neither discusses the evolution of each problem identified nor any other existing or upcoming EUinitiatives that could lead to improvements. The general objectives appear to be consistent with the problems identified,and the specific objectives comply broadly with the SMART criteria. The retained options tackle the problems' driversidentified progressively, although it is unclear why some of the policy measures identified under Options 2 or 3 werenot taken up under the preferred Option 4. The IA appears to assess the main economic, social, and environmentalimpacts for each policy measure comprehensively, quantifying them whenever possible, and otherwise providing aqualitative assessment. However, the analysis on SMEs is quite limited, and the IA does not provide any explanationas to why competitiveness was not considered. Moreover, despite it likely being relevant, the IA does not appear tohave dealt with the impact on third/developing countries sufficiently and systematically. Overall, the monitoringframework envisaged appears to be adequate, although more clarity as to the choice of identifying indicators for onlytwo specific objectives would have been beneficial. Stakeholders were consulted extensively and their opinionssystematically reported. The efforts undertaken to provide quantitative support for the analysis performed appear to beconvincing, and the IA appears to have addressed the RSB's comments satisfactorily. Finally, the proposal appears tobe consistent with the analysis carried out in the IA.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 115

Greece's National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Latest state of playTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 11-04-2022Autor PARI MARIANNA

Ámbito político PresupuestoPalabra clave Grecia | inversión de la UE | política económica | política financiera | recuperación económica | reforma económica

Resumen Before the pandemic, the Greek economy was just getting back onto a positive path, following reforms implementedunder the macroeconomic adjustment programmes. Action to address the country's specific characteristics is now allthe more important since the -8.2 % downturn of 2020. Greece was among the first four countries to submit its nationalrecovery and resilience plan (NRRP) in April 2021. The plan envisages investments and reforms totalling €30.5 billion,to be implemented up to 2026, with €17.8 billion to be financed from non-repayable financial support (grants) and€12.7 billion, the maximum possible allocation, from loans. The plan corresponds to 4.2 % of the €723.8 billionRecovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) and represents 16.7 % of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019(the RRF being 5.2 % of EU-27 GDP in 2019). The grants alone represent 9.7 % of the country's GDP, and overall thisis the sixth biggest national plan. Greece is the biggest per capita grant beneficiary, receiving €1 666 in grants perperson. The Greek plan was approved by the Council on 13 July 2021, which allowed the disbursement of the pre-financing payment of €4 billion to Greece on 9 August 2021. Further disbursements will be made up until 2026, uponfulfilment of the agreed milestones and targets. Grants are scheduled in nine equal instalments, and loans in six equalinstalments. A first payment request was submitted by Greece on 29 December 2021 for the fulfilment of 15milestones. On 7 January 2022, implementation had begun of 103 measures, corresponding to €6.1 billion. TheEuropean Parliament, which supported an EU recovery instrument from the start of the pandemic, is involved througha regular, structured dialogue with the Commission and the Council, and is competent to scrutinise its implementation.This briefing is one in a series covering all EU Member States. First edition. The 'NGEU delivery' briefings are updatedat key stages throughout the lifecycle of the plans.

Briefing EL, EN

Solvency II reviewTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 11-04-2022Autor GIRARD VERONIQUE

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancarios | Evaluación de impacto ex ante | Mercadointerior y unión aduanera

Palabra clave Autoridad Europea de Seguros y Pensiones de Jubilación | compañía de seguros | estudio de impacto | inversión de laUE | solvencia

Resumen The IA covers two Commission proposals representing the biggest amendment to date of the Solvency II framework,which came into force in the EU in 2016. Important parts of the framework laid down in delegated and implementingacts will be updated by the Commission at a later stage. This IA builds on a broad consultation of stakeholders, and onextensive advice from the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA). In addition to variousreports from EIOPA including a holistic IA, the IA draws on a technical report from the JRC and an external study,which are adequately referenced and publicly accessible. The objectives are directly linked to the problems identified inthe IA and their consequences. The Solvency II review aims to increase policyholders' protection as well as theinsurers' contribution to the long-term green financing of the economy, to contribute to financial stability, and topreserve the international competitiveness of the EU insurance industry. The preferred options are in line with EIOPA'sadvice, except for the policy dimension related to proportionality, where the IA explains why the preferred optiondeviates from EIOPA's recommendation. The IA shows how the combination of preferred options is expected tocontribute to the achievement of the objectives identified. The IA assesses and compares the potential impacts of theoptions presented to achieve these objectives in a systematic way. In addition, the IA describes the potential positiveimpact of the preferred options on SMEs. The IA also explains how the proposed Solvency II review is expected toimprove proportionality and to simplify the regulatory framework. The IA mainly focuses on the economic impacts ofthe initiative. The main social impact assessed by the IA concerns the expected improvement of policyholderprotection. Potential environmental impacts relating to enhanced green financing, could have been more clearlyaddressed in the IA.

Briefing EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: EU cohesion policy support for refugeesTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 08-04-2022Autor VAN LIEROP Christiaan

Ámbito político Desarrollo regionalPalabra clave ayuda a los necesitados | ayuda a los refugiados | ayuda de la UE | cohesión económica y social | Fondo de Ayuda

Europea para las Personas Más Desfavorecidas | Fondo de Cohesión | intervención militar | refugiado | Rusia |Ucrania

Resumen Russia's invasion of Ukraine has shocked the world and caused devastation in the country. As millions flee the war-torn nation, Europe is currently witnessing its largest movement of refugees since World War II. With cohesion policyhaving proved effective in mobilising emergency support during the coronavirus crisis, the European Commission hasput forward two proposals that seek to adapt cohesion policy rules to facilitate the rapid rollout of funding to helpMember States host Ukrainian refugees.

De un vistazo XL, EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 116

Plenary round-up - April 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 08-04-2022Autor FERGUSON CLARE | SOCHACKA KATARZYNA

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioPalabra clave alquiler de vehículos | datos públicos | intercambio de información | Parlamento Europeo | período de sesiones |

presupuesto de la UE | red de energía | red transeuropea | régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE |transporte de mercancías

Resumen The war in Ukraine led the agenda of the April 2022 plenary session in Strasbourg. Members held two importantdebates: on EU protection for children and young people fleeing the war, and on the conclusions of the EuropeanCouncil meeting of 24 25 March 2022, which covered the latest developments and EU sanctions against Russia andtheir implementation. Parliament also debated a number of Council and Commission statements on: the outcome ofthe EU-China summit of 1 April 2022, the ongoing hearings under Article 7(1) TEU regarding respect for EU values inPoland and Hungary, violations of the right to seek asylum and non-refoulement in the EU Member States, the SixthAssessment Report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the urgent need toadopt the minimum tax directive, the situation of marginalised Roma communities in the EU, and mental health. In anadjustment to the structure of the plenary agenda, question time with the Commission has been reintroduced.Members questioned President Ursula von der Leyen on progress on the Commission's political priorities over the pasttwo years. Members then questioned Josep Borrell, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and SecurityPolicy/Vice-President of the Commission (HR/VP), on the EU's security and Strategic Compass. Another debate withthe HR/VP focused on the situation in Afghanistan, in particular the women's rights situation. Several debates andvotes on legislative files also took place, including on the Schengen evaluation mechanism.

De un vistazo EN

Multilingualism: The language of the European UnionTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 08-04-2022Autor KATSAROVA Ivana

Ámbito político Cultura | EducaciónPalabra clave lengua europea | lengua oficial | plurilingüismo | política lingüística

Resumen Some 7 000 languages are spoken globally today. However, half of the world's population shares just six nativelanguages, and some 90 % of all languages may be replaced by dominant ones by the end of the century. Theharmonious co-existence of 24 official languages is one of the most distinctive features of the European project.Multilingualism is not only an expression of the EU countries' cultural identities, it also helps preserve democracy,transparency and accountability. No legislation can enter into force until it has been translated into all official languagesand published in the Official Journal of the EU. Crucially, the provisions relating to the EU language regime can only bechanged by a unanimous vote in the Council of the EU. The EU is committed to promoting language learning but haslimited influence over educational and language policies, as these are the responsibility of the individual EU countries.In 2016, over one third (35.4 %) of adults in the EU-28 did not know any foreign languages. A similar proportion (35.2%) declared that they knew one foreign language, while just over one fifth (21 %) said they knew two foreignlanguages. The European Parliament is committed to ensuring the highest possible degree of multilingualism in itswork. Based on the 24 official languages that constitute the public face of the EU, the total number of linguisticcombinations rises to 552, since each language can be translated into the 23 others. Currently, over 600 staffemployed in translation and over 270 in interpreting take care of the translation and interpretation needs of the 705Members of the European Parliament. Internally, the EU institutions mostly use just three working languages: English,French and German. The overall cost for delivering translation and interpreting services in the EU institutions is around€1 billion per year, which represents less than 1 % of the EU budget or just over €2 per citizen. Following the successof the European Year of Languages (2001), the Council of Europe designated 26 September as the European Day ofLanguages. This is an update of a briefing published in 2019.

Briefing EN

Strengthening citizens' participation: How the European Parliament is responding to citizens' expectationsTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 08-04-2022Autor DEL MONTE Micaela | KOTANIDIS Silvia

Ámbito político DemocraciaPalabra clave ciudadano de la UE | fomento de la idea de Europa | Iniciativa Ciudadana Europea | Parlamento Europeo |

recomendación internacionalResumen Aiming to forge a closer relationship between EU citizens and the EU integration project, the Conference on the Future

of Europe gave 800 citizens gathered in four panels the opportunity to discuss and formulate recommendations for theEU institutions to follow up. Debated in both the conference plenary and the conference working groups, theserecommendations are intended to permeate the whole discussion within the conference. With Panel 2 having issuedthe first set of recommendations in December 2021, the debate has begun, with a focus on how to meet citizens'expectations. It will also discuss how to take the EU project forward in a way that is supported by the variousinstitutions involved in the conference, including representatives of Member States and EU institutions, and membersof national parliaments. A closer look at these recommendations reveals that some of the citizens' panelrecommendations address matters that have already been tackled by European Parliament resolutions. Others arequite close to positions and ideas expressed by Parliament in other ways. This briefing focuses on recommendationswhich propose enhanced public participation in the European project, through consultations, petitions, Europeancitizens' initiatives and referendums. This is the second in a series of briefings looking at citizens' recommendations inthe context of the Conference on the Future of Europe. The first looked at recommendations with an institutionalimpact, i.e. ways to reform the EU's institutional set-up, improve the EU decision-making process, achieve closercooperation among Member States and strengthen Parliament's prerogatives.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 117

Russia’s war on Ukraine in international law and human rights bodies: Bringing institutions back inTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 08-04-2022Autor LERCH Marika

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Democracia | Derechos humanos | Gobernanza globalPalabra clave competencia jurisdiccional | Consejo de Derechos Humanos de la ONU | Corte Penal Internacional | Derecho

internacional de los derechos humanos | Derecho penal internacional | guerra | OSCE | Rusia | Tribunal Europeo deDerechos Humanos | Ucrania

Resumen In the midst of war, human rights and international law institutions have responded with unprecedented speed to theunfolding crisis, not least due to the strong engagement of the Ukraine government in multilateral fora. While theseinstitutions can deliver little immediate relief for Ukraine citizens, the initiatives have important political functions: theyshow the political and legal alternatives to the logic of war chosen by the Russian government; they contribute toformalising international consensus and providing independent legal assessments of the attack; and, most importantly,they prepare the ground to ensure accountability for crimes committed in the context of the war. .

Briefing EN

Economic repercussions of Russia’s war on Ukraine – Weekly Digest 8 April 2022Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 08-04-2022Autor DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | GRIGAITE KRISTINA | MAGNUS Marcel | PACHECO DIAS CRISTINA SOFIA |

TURCU OVIDIU IONUT | VERBEKEN Dirk | ZORPIDIS ANDREAS | ZSITNAK ALEXANDRAÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios

Resumen This paper provides a summary of recent economic, financial and budgetary decisions and developments followingPresident Vladimir Putin’s decision of 24 February to start a military attack against Ukraine. It includes recentinformation relating to the EU sanctions regime, policies supporting energy, economic and financial resilience in theEU, including the coordination of national economic and fiscal measures, and economic estimates for EU MemberStates. It also highlights policy recommendations made in the public domain to mitigate any adverse economic,financial and social effects and to support economic recovery in the EU and the Euro Area.

Análisis en profundidad EN

European political parties and the European Council: A pattern of ever closer coordination?Tipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 08-04-2022Autor DRACHENBERG Ralf

Ámbito político Democracia | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioPalabra clave grupo político (PE) | ideología política | multipartidismo | partidos políticos | política de la UE

Resumen The role of the European political parties, often under-estimated in the past, has increased significantly over the years.Today, they are important coordinators within the EU political system, carrying out a variety of activities that can beclassified conceptually as ‘vertical’, ‘horizontal’ and ‘diagonal’ coordination. This EPRS study explores the growing'politicisation' of the European Council and the increased coordination role which European political parties appear toplay in the context of the European Council. The parties’ main coordination activities are clearly their respective 'pre-summits', held just ahead of European Council meetings. These pre-summits serve multiple purposes for the parties –including coordinating positions for the imminent European Council discussions, long-term strategising,communication, socialising and networking – with the importance of each varying between the different parties. A casestudy looking at the nomination of the EU’s new institutional leadership in 2019 illustrates the importance of theEuropean political parties’ role in coordinating between EU leaders in the European Council.

Estudio EN

Improving the quality of public spending in Europe: Social policyTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 07-04-2022Autor JANCOVA LENKA | MULLER KLAUS | NAVARRA Cecilia

Ámbito político Valor añadido europeoPalabra clave derechos sociales | desigualdad social | igualdad de remuneración | mercado laboral | pobreza | política de empleo |

política de rentas | política social europea | salario mínimoResumen This study analyses the potential European Union (EU) added value (or untapped cost of non-Europe) in certain areas

of social and labour policy: short-time work schemes, anti-poverty and inequality-reduction measures, and minimumwage regulations. The three areas are closely interlinked, and the study shows the potential relevance of EU action inaddressing the main existing challenges. The quantitative analysis uses the 'budgetary waste rate' approach tomeasure the potential efficiency gains in the selected areas. Finally, the study discusses the channels that could allowthe EU to support these gains and improve social outcomes.

Estudio EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 118

Refugee and asylum systems: EU-US ExplainerTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 07-04-2022Autor ORAV Anita

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave ACNUR | ayuda a los refugiados | derecho de asilo | Estados Unidos | intervención militar | política migratoria |

refugiado | Rusia | solicitante de asilo | UcraniaResumen The refugee and asylum policies of the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) are aligned with the human

rights principles of the 1951 United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. However, structuralweaknesses in application processes and resettlement programmes have disrupted humanitarian processing, and leftboth EU and US systems battling massive backlogs in applications. The coronavirus pandemic has exacerbated thissituation, hampering the basic provision of international protection globally. Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine,both the EU and US have been looking for ways of helping people fleeing the war.

De un vistazo EN

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Electoral and constitutional reforms: Political and legal analysis of the Ljubićcase and related legal decisions

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 07-04-2022Autor STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresPalabra clave acuerdo de estabilización y asociación | Bosnia y Herzegovina | integración europea | reforma electoral

Resumen Stabilisation of the internal political situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a country that celebrated the 30th anniversaryof its independence on 1 March 2022 but risks internal implosion, remains a priority for the European Union. To thisend, the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, called for ‘urgent progress in the electoral andconstitutional reforms’ that are also important ahead of the general elections scheduled for 2 October 2022. This viewechoed the European Parliament’s resolution on the 2019-2020 Commission reports on Bosnia and Herzegovina,adopted on 24 June 2021, that called on Bosnia’s authorities ‘to resume inclusive negotiations on electoral reforms’,and regretted the ‘reluctance to implement these rulings by eliminating all forms of inequality and discrimination in theelectoral process’. In the context of the current political crisis that is threatening the constitutional settlement in Bosniaand Herzegovina (BiH), an analysis of the Ljubić case (2016) and associated cases, in particular the Sejdić-Finci case(2009) and the Zornić case (2014), can be of great relevance. Such analysis leads to new ways of understanding thecountry at a time of increased international interest in it, not least in the context of international support for its Europeanperspective and for regional cooperation. The Ljubić case’s relationship to other legal decisions by the ConstitutionalCourt of Bosnia and Herzegovina (CC BiH) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) connects the rights ofconstituent peoples with universal human rights. The analysis of the political and legal context of the CC BiH andECtHR decisions makes it clear that effective implementation of these decisions depends on resolving the internalpolitical stalemate in BiH that currently makes any amendment of the Dayton Constitution an unattainable objective.

Briefing DE, EN, FR, HR

Survey on the role of national parliaments in the implementation of the Recovery and Resilience FacilityTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 07-04-2022Autor HAGELSTAM Kajus | LEHOFER WOLFGANG | ZOPPÉ Alice | ZSITNAK ALEXANDRA

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Semestre EuropeoResumen Parliamentary scrutiny is important to ensure full transparency and accountability and to enhance the democratic

legitimacy, as well as to sense of citizens' ownership of the RRF. This survey aims to keep stock of whether and howEU national parliaments are involved in the implementation of the RRF. This document was prepared by EconomicGovernance Support Unit in view of the INI Report on the Recovery and Resilience Facility

Análisis en profundidad EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 119

New EU own resources: possibilities and limitations of steering effects and sectoral policy co-benefitsTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 07-04-2022Autor SCHWARCZ András

Autor externo Margit SCHRATZENSTALLER, Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO) Danuše NERUDOVÁ, MendelUniversity Brno Veronika SOLILOVÁ, Mendel University Brno Mario HOLZNER, Vienna Institute for InternationalEconomic Studies (wiiw) Philipp HEIMBERGER, Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw) NikoKORPAR, Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw) Ambre MAUCORPS, Vienna Institute forInternational Economic Studies (wiiw) Bernhard MOSHAMMER, Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies(wiiw)

Ámbito político Control presupuestario | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Planificación prospectiva |Presupuesto

Palabra clave acuerdo interinstitucional | adaptación al cambio climático | fiscalidad de la economía digital | impacto ambiental |neutralidad en carbono | política de medio ambiente de la UE | prevención de la contaminación | programa de la UE |régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión de la UE

Resumen This study was prepared at the request of the Budget Committee and assesses the Commission’s recent legislativeproposals for the new own resources included in the interinstitutional roadmap agreed together with theNextGenerationEU programme. These are a plastic-based contribution as well as own resources based on the EUEmission Trading System and a carbon border adjustment mechanism. Also, own resources based on the reallocationof taxation rights on profits of large MNE according to Pillar I. of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS as wellas the taxation of corporations and financial transactions, as further options stipulated in the IIA roadmap, areanalysed. Finally, the study briefly reviews further own resource options which could create co-benefits and steeringeffects supporting a sustainable, inclusive, green and digital transition.

Estudio EN

The Ukraine war and energy supply [What Think Tanks are thinking]Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 06-04-2022Autor CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | EnergíaPalabra clave abastecimiento energético | grupo de reflexión | guerra | independencia energética | medida restrictiva de la UE |

precio de la energía | Rusia | UcraniaResumen Russia’s war on Ukraine has boosted the already high prices of oil and gas in the European Union, posing a question

mark over sustainable deliveries of energy to the bloc. The EU is heavily dependent on Russia for its oil and gas. In2021, two-fifths of the gas Europeans burned came from Russia. More than a quarter of the EU’s imported crude oilcame from the country. The European Commission has announced plans to cut the EU’s dependence on Russian gasby two-thirds this year. Meanwhile, Russia has demanded that it is paid for its gas in roubles, rather than in euros ordollars, as stated in the contracts. The G-7 industrialised countries have dismissed the plan. EU Member States aredivided over including a ban on energy imports from Russia among sanctions imposed on Moscow. Such an embargowould put a squeeze on European households, probably leading to gas rationing. However, it would cut Russia offfrom a major source of the hard currency that it uses in part to finance the war. This note gathers links to the recentpublications and commentaries from international think tanks on the impact of the war on global and European energymarkets. Analyses on the Ukraine war and its implications can be found in a previous edition of the ‘What Think Tanksare Thinking’ series.

Briefing EN

EU-Ukraine trade and investment relations and the impact of Russia’s warTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 06-04-2022Autor IGLER WOLFGANG | KRAMER Lorenz

Ámbito político Comercio internacionalPalabra clave cadena de suministro | consecuencia económica | daños de guerra | guerra | impacto social | relaciones de la Unión

Europea | relación comercial | UcraniaResumen The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement is the main tool for bringing Ukraine and the EU closer together: it promotes

deeper political ties, stronger economic links and the respect for common values. The Agreement was negotiatedbetween 2007 and 2011, signed in 2014, and entered into force on 1 September 2017 after unanimous ratification byEU Member States. The Association Agreement includes a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA)between the EU and Ukraine that has been provisionally applied since 1 January 2016. By 2020, the EU had becomeUkraine’s most important export market and principal source of imports, dwarfing Ukraine’s second partner – China –and placing Russia a distant third. Since the Russian Federation launched its military invasion of Ukraine on 24February 2022, EU-Ukraine trade and investment relations have started to experience constraints, with someEuropean (car) manufacturers reporting disturbances and temporarily halting production due to a lack of Ukrainiancomponents. Ukraine’s future trade prospects will depend not only on its trade partners, but also on rebuilding thephysical damage the country has suffered, and on the status of its ports

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 120

Russia's war on Ukraine: New EU sanctionsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 05-04-2022Autor IMMENKAMP Beatrix

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresPalabra clave consecuencia económica | intervención militar | medida restrictiva de la UE | recesión económica | restricción de los

intercambios | Rusia | sanción económica | sanción internacional | UcraniaResumen Outraged by Moscow's aggressive invasion of Ukraine, EU countries have adopted unprecedentedly tough sanctions

in cooperation with close partners such as the US, Canada and the UK. Although Russia will partially adapt, thesemeasures are expected to cause major disruption and isolate the country from the global economy. This paper updatesa previous 'at a glance' note of 3 March 2022, by Martin Russell.

De un vistazo EN

Referendums on EU issues: Fostering civic engagementTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 05-04-2022Autor DEL MONTE Micaela

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen Referendums put citizens back at the centre of the political stage. As instruments of direct democracy, they may foster

citizens' involvement and legitimise important decisions. Referendums have been on the rise in Europe and elsewherein the world in recent decades, and have become a recurrent feature of European politics. Despite the increasedinterest in some Member States, however, referendums remain controversial. On the one hand, advocates of directdemocracy stress that referendums can foster citizens' engagement and thereby improve legitimacy and governance.Critics, on the other hand, highlight the fact that voters tend to answer questions other than those on the ballot paper.Some critics, more generally, question the suitability of a binary vote to decide on complex, multidimensional matterswithin the European setting.

Análisis en profundidad EN

The European Council in 2020Tipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 04-04-2022Autor externo Dinan, Desmond; DG, EPRS

Ámbito político DemocraciaPalabra clave ayuda de la UE | consecuencia económica | Consejo Europeo | enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | impacto

social | orden del día | videocomunicaciónResumen The onset of the coronavirus pandemic in early 2020 affected the work of the European Council in many ways. One

was operational. The European Council switched in March from in-person meetings to video-conferencing. During theyear, the European Council held eight video-conferences and met five times in person. Meeting via video-conference,notably in March-April, during the first wave of the pandemic, and in October-November, during the second wave,allowed the European Council to apply itself immediately to damage control and crisis management. Going beyondimmediate concerns, the European Council addressed the immense challenge of socio-economic recovery. In whatwas by far the most consequential development for the EU in 2020, the Union's Heads of State or Governmentnegotiated a momentous agreement for an ambitious recovery fund linked to the new Multiannual Financial Framework(MFF) for 2021-2027. The complex and contentious negotiations on the MFF and the recovery fund, culminating in anepic special summit in July, will forever be remembered in the history of the European Council. So will the lingeringdispute over rule of law conditionality, which, although in principle resolved by the end of the year with respect to thefinancial package, remained a deeply divisive issue among EU leaders. Despite the pressure of Covid-19 relatedbusiness, EU leaders had to address other issues in 2020, such as climate change and external affairs. Relations withChina, Russia and Turkey, in particular, required the European Council’s attention. So did relations with the UnitedKingdom, which became a third country after it left the Union at the end of January.

Estudio EN

Digital services actTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 04-04-2022Autor MADIEGA Tambiama André

Ámbito político Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Protección de los consumidoresPalabra clave comercio electrónico | computación en nube | difusión de la información | directiva (UE) | Internet | mercado único

digital | prestación de servicios | propuesta (UE) | protección del consumidor | tecnología digitalResumen The rules governing the provision of digital services in the EU have remained largely unchanged since the adoption of

the e-Commerce Directive in 2000, while digital technologies and business models continue to evolve rapidly and newsocietal challenges are emerging, such as the spread of counterfeit goods, hate speech and disinformation online.Against this backdrop, the European Commission tabled a new legislative proposal on a digital services act inDecember 2020. The proposal aims at amending the e-Commerce Directive and sets out a horizontal framework forcontent moderation of the EU online space. Interinstitutional negotiations between the Commission, the EuropeanParliament and the Council seeking to reach an agreement on a compromise text started in January 2022.Controversial issues currently being discussed by the co legislators include the scope of the new regulation, theenforcement mechanisms proposed, and to what extent targeted advertising and techniques to influence users'behaviour such as 'dark patterns' should be curbed. Second edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings areupdated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 121

Unaccompanied migrant children in GreeceTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 04-04-2022Autor MENTZELOPOULOU Maria-Margarita

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave ayuda a los refugiados | derecho de asilo | derechos del niño | Grecia | menor no acompañado | migrante | política

migratoria de la UE | protección de la infancia | reasentamiento de personas | solicitante de asiloResumen Since the beginning of the migratory crisis in 2015, growing numbers of unaccompanied children have been seeking

protection in Europe. With increased migratory pressure in Greece along the EU's external border with Turkey at thebeginning of 2020, and following the Greek government's official request for support, the European Commissionlaunched a relocation scheme to speed up relocation of unaccompanied minors from the Greek islands to other EUMember States. Human rights organisations had denounced the precarious and difficult conditions in whichunaccompanied minors had been living in the Greek hotspots, calling for structural solutions in the form of moresolidarity and responsibility sharing among EU Member States, and a coordinated, child rights-based approach toaddressing the many gaps in the protection afforded to unaccompanied children arriving in Europe. However, recentlegislative changes in Greece, such as the establishment of the Special Secretariat for the Protection ofUnaccompanied Minors (SSPUAM) and a new relocation scheme, have served to improve the situation ofunaccompanied minors in the country drastically. Measures include the creation of an effective and sustainable childprotection system, better reception conditions, and changes to the accommodation system for unaccompanied minors.At the end of 2020, a new law put an end to the practice of detaining unaccompanied children on the sole grounds thatthey were homeless. This was followed in January 2021 by the introduction of an emergency response mechanismthat offers children support and a safety net. This publication is an update of a briefing of May 2020 by Ingeborg Odink.

Briefing EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: The religious dimensionTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 01-04-2022Autor O'BEARA FEARGHAS

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | CulturaPalabra clave cristiano | diálogo interreligioso | instauración de la paz | intervención militar | libertad religiosa | ortodoxia | Rusia |

solución de conflictos | UcraniaResumen Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 drew attention to the close relationship between Vladimir Putin's

regime and the Russian Orthodox Church. The latter has strongly backed Putin's war and has long providedtheological and ideological justifications for his domestic and international actions. The Church's overtly politicalapproach has contributed to deep divisions within the wider Orthodox world, including a formal split with the UkrainianOrthodox Church, and significant tensions with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.

De un vistazo EN, FR

Goods vehicles hired without driversTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 01-04-2022Autor PAPE Marketa

Ámbito político TransportePalabra clave alquiler de vehículos | Estado miembro UE | informe | procedimiento legislativo ordinario | propuesta (UE) | transporte

de mercancías | transporte intra-UE | transporte por carreteraResumen The current EU rules provide to haulage companies the possibility to use hired vehicles, but also allow Member States

to restrict this. As part of the 2017 road transport mobility package, the European Commission proposed to soften theexisting restrictions and establish a uniform regulatory framework, which would give transport operators across the EUequal access to the market for hired goods vehicles. As co-legislators, the European Parliament and the Council haveagreed new rules in October 2021. Member States will not be allowed to restrict, on their territories, the use of avehicle hired by a haulage company established in another Member State. However, they will still be able to restrict, toa certain degree, the use of vehicles that their own companies hire in another Member State. EU Member States willhave 14 months to adapt their legislation before the rules enter into force. Fourth edition. The 'EU Legislation inProgress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 122

Understanding EU action on Roma inclusionTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 01-04-2022Autor LECERF Marie

Ámbito político Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidadPalabra clave acción de la UE | discriminación racial | discriminación étnica | exclusión social | informe | integración social | romaní |

sociedad civil (movimientos de opinión)Resumen The Roma are Europe's largest ethnic minority. Out of an estimated total of 10 to12 million Roma in Europe as a

whole, some 6 million live in the European Union (EU), most of whom are citizens of an EU Member State. Asignificant number of Roma people live in very poor socio-economic conditions. The social exclusion, discriminationand segregation they face are mutually reinforcing. Their restricted access to education, and difficulties in entering thelabour market, result in low income and poor health compared with non-Roma people. Since the mid-1990s, theEuropean Union has stressed the need for better Roma inclusion. In 2011, a key EU initiative emerged with theadoption of an EU framework for national Roma integration strategies up to 2020, aimed at tackling the socio-economic exclusion of, and discrimination against, Roma by promoting equal access in four key areas: education,employment, health, and housing. As the framework had come to an end, the Commission adopted 'A union ofequality: EU Roma strategic framework for equality, inclusion and participation' (2021 2030) in early October 2020.Through this new strategy, Member States are invited to tackle the disproportionate impact of the pandemic. In March2021, the Council adopted a recommendation on Roma equality, inclusion and participation, replacing an earlier onefrom 2013. This recommendation encourages Member States to adopt strategic frameworks for the inclusion of Romacommunities. The EU also supports Member States in their duty to improve the lives of all vulnerable people, includingRoma people, through the European structural and investment funds and other funding instruments. Issues relating tothe promotion of democratic values and practices towards Roma, as well as their economic, social and cultural rights,have received particular attention from civil society organisations, while Parliament has been advocating for Romainclusion since the 1990s. This is an update of a Briefing published in May 2021.

Briefing EN

Gender equality in the Recovery and Resilience FacilityTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 01-04-2022Autor SAPALA Magdalena

Ámbito político Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidad | Asuntos económicos y monetarios | PresupuestoPalabra clave ayuda humanitaria con enfoque de género | enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | igualdad de género | instrumento

financiero de la UE | planificación nacional | recuperación económica | reparto de la financiación de la UEResumen The negative impact of the Covid-19 crisis on women's social and economic situation triggered a debate on the urgent

need for a gender-sensitive policy response to the pandemic. In this context, the establishment of the Recovery andResilience Facility (RRF) – the EU's biggest financial instrument supporting recovery in the Member States – is anopportunity to channel extraordinary resources toward measures that take into account the principles of genderequality. It is also a chance to put into practice the EU's long-standing commitments to mainstream gender acrossdifferent policies and apply gender budgeting principles to EU spending. Offering an overview of how gender equalityhas been built into the RRF Regulation, this briefing explains what was expected from the Member States when theywere preparing their national recovery and resilience plans (NRRPs) as regards gender equality. It also providespractical examples of reforms and investments where gender equality has been taken into account, from the 22NRRPs approved by the end of 2021 (Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France,Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Austria, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia andFinland). In keeping with the RRF Regulation, all the NRRPs analysed declare gender equality to be a horizontalobjective, to be given consideration in all measures. However, not all Member States have included dedicated reformsor investments addressing gender-related challenges explicitly or indicating women as the main beneficiaries. Ouranalysis shows that the most numerous and innovative measures are present in the plans of Belgium, Spain, Italy andAustria. This is an update of a Briefing published in October 2021.

Briefing EN

Single permit for third-country nationals to reside and work in the EU - Directive 2011/98/EUTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 01-04-2022Autor AHAMAD MADATALI HANNAH NAFIZE

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Politica social |Valor añadido europeo

Palabra clave derecho de residencia | directiva (UE) | extranjero | igualdad de trato | jurisprudencia (UE) | permiso de trabajo |política migratoria de la UE | trabajador migrante

Resumen The Directive 2011/98/EU on a single permit for third-country nationals (non-EU nationals) to reside and work in theEuropean Union (EU) has two main objectives. The first objective is to facilitate the procedure for a third-countrynational to be admitted to work in an EU Member State, by introducing a single application procedure for a combinedwork and residence permit. The second objective is to ensure equal treatment between third-country workers andnationals of the permit issuing Member State, by providing a common set of rights regarding working conditions,education and training, access to goods and services, and social security.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 123

Inflation explained: What lies behind it and what lies ahead?Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 01-04-2022Autor HOFLMAYR MARTIN

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosPalabra clave Banco Central Europeo | control de precios | inflación | política monetaria | precio al consumidor | situación económica

| subida de preciosResumen Understanding inflation dynamics requires an understanding of the underlying concept and how it is measured.

Inflation is defined as a process of continuously rising prices and falling purchasing power. In other words, a generaland broad-based increase in the price of goods and services over an extended period. The main objective of centralbanks is to keep prices stable, to preserve the integrity and purchasing power of people's money. The most commoninflation indicator measures the average change in the price of a basket of consumer goods and services over time.The closest approximation of what people intuitively understand by the term inflation is the change in their cost ofliving. The Harmonised Indicator for Consumer Prices (HICP), against which the European Central Bank (ECB)assesses the achievement of its price stability objective, is based on this concept. Highlighting the principles ofoptionality, gradualism and flexibility in a recent speech, ECB President Christine Lagarde reflected upon the currentuncertainty. After several years of inflation rates significantly below the inflation target, the ECB is now facingconsumer price increases not seen since the launch of the euro. In February 2022, inflation rates hit an annual rate of5.9 % in the euro area and 6.2 % in the EU. The Russian war on Ukraine is now likely to cause inflation to increasefurther, with underlying price pressure broadening and lingering supply-side bottlenecks. The ECB's monetary policydecision of March 2022 confirmed the previously announced acceleration of monetary tightening, reflecting concernregarding second-round effects and inflation expectations becoming unanchored (when long-run inflation expectationsdiffer significantly from a central bank's inflation target). These concerns outweigh uncertainty over the economic falloutfrom Russia's war and its economic consequences. To react to rising prices, the ECB has therefore prepared theconditions for policy rate increases once asset purchases end.

Briefing EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: Speeches by Ukraine's President to the European Parliament and nationalparliaments

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 01-04-2022Autor DEL MONTE Micaela

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioPalabra clave ayuda humanitaria | discurso | guerra | intervención militar | jefe de Estado | medida restrictiva de la UE | Rusia |

sanción internacional | UcraniaResumen On 24 February 2022, Russia's invasion of Ukraine threw the international status quo into disarray by violating the

country's sovereignty and integrity. Since then, over 1 000 civilian casualties have been reported and over 3.8 millionpeople have been forced to flee the country. Many others are displaced within Ukraine's borders, while civilianinfrastructure, including hospitals, schools, roads and buildings, is being targeted by Russian military action. Theshelling of civilians and the alleged use of chemical and/or biological weapons by Russian military forces have spurredthe international community to accuse Russia of war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. Against thisbackdrop, Ukraine's President, Volodymyr Zelenskyy has been addressing parliaments around the world to plead thecause of the Ukrainian people and ask for both military and humanitarian help. He began by addressing the EuropeanParliament, before continuing with many others, both in Europe and further afield. The latest in a line of historicalleaders mobilising rhetoric in times of war, Zelenskyy's speeches have each been tailor-made to their specific audienceand have been consistent in reminding policy-makers around the world of the humanitarian tragedy unfolding as aresult of the war and of the Ukrainian people's military needs. Taking a look at speeches given by Zelenskyy to theEuropean Parliament and several national parliaments between 1 and 24 March 2022, in the month after Russiainvaded Ukraine, this briefing summarises the Ukrainian president's main messages and offers some thoughts aboutthe narrative used by Zelenskyy to keep Russia's war on Ukraine at the top of national and international agendas.

Briefing EN

Question time in the European Parliament and in selected national parliamentsTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 01-04-2022Autor DIAZ CREGO Maria

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioResumen This paper looks at the evolution of the European Parliament's question time since its introduction in 1973 to the

present day. It tracks this evolution through successive reforms and examines the reasons why question time wasdiscontinued in January 2013. In looking at how question time is designed in selected Member States and in the UnitedKingdom, this paper also highlights the various elements that may have an impact on the dynamics of question time.

Análisis en profundidad EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 124

Third-country participation in EU defenceTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 31-03-2022Autor LAZAROU Eleni

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Seguridad y defensaPalabra clave Acuerdo de Cooperación (UE) | comunicación por satélite | cooperación militar | industria de armamentos | navegación

por satélite | país tercero | política común de seguridad y defensa | política espacial | política europea de defensa |seguridad europea

Resumen Cooperation with third countries is embedded in several dimensions of EU security and defence policy. The StrategicCompass, adopted in March 2022, dedicates one of its main sections to the role of partnerships.

De un vistazo EN

International Court of Justice preliminary decision in Ukraine v Russia (2022)Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 31-03-2022Autor ZAMFIR Ionel

Autor externo Lerch, MarikaÁmbito político Asuntos exterioresPalabra clave competencia jurisdiccional | Consejo de Seguridad ONU | convención internacional | Corte Internacional de Justicia |

crimen contra la humanidad | cuestión prejudicial | intervención militar | Rusia | UcraniaResumen On 16 March 2022, after a fast-track procedure, the International Court of Justice ordered provisional measures in the

Ukraine v Russia case. In bringing the case, Ukraine argued that Russia had wrongfully claimed a genocide in Ukraineto justify its invasion. Russia, meanwhile, rejected the Court's jurisdiction. Given the lack of evidence for Russia'sgenocide allegations, and the principle that any action to prevent genocide must be taken in good faith and in line withinternational law, the Court called on Russia to suspend military operations immediately.

De un vistazo EN

Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights - April 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 31-03-2022Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo rural | Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Derechos humanos | Desarrollo y ayuda

humanitaria | Empleo | Fiscalidad | Peticiones al Parlamento Europeo | Presupuesto | TransportePalabra clave agricultura sostenible | desarrollo sostenible | enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | financiación de los partidos |

fondo (UE) | impuesto sobre el patrimonio | impuesto sobre la renta de las personas físicas | partido europeo |transporte colectivo

Resumen The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments,including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

De un vistazo EN

EU-China ties and Russia’s war on Ukraine [What Think Tanks are thinking]Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 31-03-2022Autor CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresPalabra clave China | grupo de reflexión | guerra | relaciones de la Unión Europea | relación bilateral | reunión en la Cumbre | Rusia |

UcraniaResumen EU officials say that the 23rd summit between the European Union and China on Friday 1 April will focus on Russia’s

war on Ukraine, the engagement of the international community to support Ukraine, the dramatic humanitarian crisiscreated by the conflict, its destabilising nature for the international order and its inherent global impact. The meeting, tobe conducted by video-conference, is also expected to discuss bilateral issues and areas of shared interest, such asclimate change, biodiversity and health, as well as ways to ensure a more balanced and reciprocal trade relationship.The EU is also likely to urge China to end its trade ban on imports from Lithuania, which followed the country’sdecision to open a de facto Taiwan embassy in its capital. In recent years, China has become more of a rival for theEU than a declared strategic partner. This note gathers links to the recent publications and commentaries from manyinternational think tanks on EU-China relations, the country’s attitude to the war on Ukraine and its policies on otherissues. Analyses on the war and its implications can be found in a previous edition of the ‘What Think Tanks areThinking’ series.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 125

China-Russia relations: A quantum leap?Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 31-03-2022Autor JOCHHEIM Ulrich

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresPalabra clave China | intervención militar | política exterior y de seguridad común | relaciones de la Unión Europea | relación

internacional | Rusia | UcraniaResumen Hours before the Beijing Winter Olympics officially opened on 4 February 2022, Chinese President Xi Jinping had a

long meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin. In the joint statement issued after the meeting, the Chinese leaderfor the first time voiced his country's outright opposition to NATO enlargement and support for Russia's 'proposals tocreate long-term legally binding security guarantees' in Europe. This stance might be seen as the culmination of arelationship, formed in 1992, between the newly proclaimed Russian Federation and a China that had just startedemerging from the stupor following the Tiananmen Square massacre. This relationship has seen major shifts since1992. At the outset, China's population was greater than Russia's and both countries had a very similar level of GDP.Nowadays, thanks to China's exceptional growth performance, its economy is more than eight times bigger thanRussia's. Similarly, trade with Russia is not of major importance to China in terms of value. However, the high share ofraw materials (including food) in Russian exports and the transfer of Russian military technology are of strategicimportance to China in these relations. Since 2012, the relationship has evolved into an informal alliance in the face ofwhat both countries consider a rising threat from the West to their regimes. At present, China's response to Russia'sfull-scale invasion of Ukraine seems to be more favourable to Russia than it was in 2014 when Russia annexedCrimea. China has been critical of NATO's enlargement to central and eastern Europe, and less insistent about respectfor the territorial integrity of nations – something that it has traditionally upheld in light of the 'open Taiwan question'.On 30 March, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov met his Chinese counterpart Wang Yi in China to discuss thebilateral relationship. Experts posit that China is likely to support the kind of solution to the Ukraine war that would bethe least likely to challenge the power monopoly of the Chinese Communist Party.

Briefing EN

The six policy priorities of the von der Leyen Commission: State of play as the Commission approachesmid-term

Tipo de publicación Análisis en profundidadFecha 31-03-2022Autor BASSOT Etienne

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos exteriores | Democracia | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional yparlamentario | Industria | Medio ambiente | Salud pública

Resumen This EPRS paper analyses progress in attaining the policy agenda set out by Ursula von der Leyen, President of theEuropean Commission, and her College of Commissioners when they took office in December 2019. It looks inparticular at the state of play in respect of delivery on the six key priorities asserted at that time. Concretely, EPRSfinds that, following the March 2022 EP plenary sessions and European Council meeting, of the over 500 initiativesforeshadowed by the von der Leyen Commission on taking office or since (504), more than half have already beensubmitted (288). Of these, almost half have already been adopted (135), while the great majority of the remainder areeither proceeding normally through the legislative process (113) or are close to adoption (11). Conversely, a certainnumber are proceeding very slowly or are currently blocked (29).

Análisis en profundidad DE, EN, FR

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 126

Values on the retreat? The role of values in the EU’s external policiesTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 31-03-2022Autor DAMEN Mario

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | Democracia | Derecho internacional público | Derechos humanos |Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Gobernanza global | Seguridad y defensa

Palabra clave cadena de valor | política de la UE | política exterior | relaciones de la Unión EuropeaResumen There is a general perception in Western countries that the role of values as a foreign policy driver is currently on the

decline. This study in the series ‘global trends in external policies’ seeks to contribute to the debate by investigatingwhat is meant by ‘values’, whether their importance is on the wane and, if so, how this manifests itself, and how theEuropean Union (EU) can respond to these trends. The broad concept of values has therefore been split into fivecategories. Socio-cultural values are implicit drivers of foreign policy. In the case of the EU, these are characterised bydiversity. ‘Political values’ is used as a term to describe the fundamental principles of political and public action,defining the relationship between the state and its citizens. For the EU, these are often referred to as the triad ofhuman rights, democracy and the rule of law. Economic values characterise the nature of the prevailing economicsystem in a country. The EU advocates a social market economy. The term ‘Earth values’ refers to the inclusion ofenvironmental considerations in external policies. The EU has become a leader in promoting sustainability. Resultingfrom the preceding four are ‘international order values’, which characterise the overall international outlook of actors.The EU’s international order value is ‘principled pragmatism’. This study compares the EU’s values with those of fourreference countries: the US, Turkey, Russia and China. The US in the West comes closest to many of the EU’s values,but does not overlap completely. Turkey and Russia are in the EU’s Eastern neighbourhood and increasingly disagreewith the EU on values. Chinese values overlap least with the EU’s values. The study confirms a decline in the influenceof the political values preferred by the EU. This decline appears to correspond to a clear West-East spectrum.However, the study also notes an opposite trend of increasing influence of Earth values. For these, a Eurocentricspectrum appears more adequate. For economic values, the definition of trends depends on benchmarks andmethodology. The international order notion of ‘principled pragmatism’ has been extended to ‘EU strategic autonomy’.Values are often considered as part of EU strategic autonomy and some policies, such as EU accession or tradepolicy, incorporate them. A values-based approach to external policies should differentiate according to the partnercountry and the value category concerned. Whereas cooperation on political values does not appear to be fruitful withcertain countries, continued efforts on economic or Earth values may still be possible. The study explores what such adifferentiated approach could mean for the four reference countries in the near future. Such an approach should alsotake into account the differing perceptions of partner countries. Although positive avenues of cooperation on, forexample, Earth values are still possible, geopolitical tensions, partly rooted in differing values, are overshadowing thispath.

Estudio EN

Identifying Patterns of Fraud with EU Funds under Shared Management - Similarities and Differencesbetween Member States

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 31-03-2022Autor CALATOZZOLO Rita

Autor externo Jack MALAN, Ivan BOSCH CHEN, Marta GUASP TESCHENDORFF and Elias NACER Centre for Strategy &Evaluation Services (CSES).

Ámbito político Control presupuestario | Planificación prospectiva | PresupuestoPalabra clave Estado miembro UE | Fondo de Cohesión | Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional | Fondo Europeo Marítimo y de

Pesca | Fondo Social Europeo | Fondos Estructurales y de Inversión Europeos | fraude | fraude contra la UE | OficinaEuropea de Lucha contra el Fraude | presupuesto de la UE

Resumen This study examines the extent and nature of fraud in EU funds under shared management. It then examines themeasures currently being implemented at the EU level and by Member States to help tackle the problem. A number ofgood practices are identified. The study concludes with recommendations to help strengthen the effort to reduce fraudin EU funds under shared management. This document was prepared for the Policy Department at the request of theBudgetary Control Committee.

Estudio EN

Anexo 1 EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 127

Green Bonds: An assessment of the proposed EU Green Bonds Standard and its potential to preventgreenwashing

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 31-03-2022

Autor externo Dr. Nikolai BADENHOOPÁmbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancarios |

Medio ambientePalabra clave aproximación de legislaciones | armonización de normas | blanqueo ecológico | financiación sostenible |

reglamentación financiera | transparencia financiera | valor de renta fijaResumen This study analyses the Commission proposal for a Regulation on European green bonds. It compares the proposal

with existing EU legislation on sustainable finance and financial regulation and contextualises it in the EU green bondmarket. The assessment covers key regulatory aims, advantages of voluntary and mandatory options, different typesof sustainable bonds, alignment with the Taxonomy Regulation, corporate and sovereign bonds, transparencyrequirements, review and supervision, enforcement and sanctions, and international aspects. On each aspect itprovides policy recommendations to the co-legislators. This document was provided by the Policy Department forEconomic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs(ECON).

Estudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo DE, EN, FR

How can Covid-19-influenced CMU initiatives help diversify SME access to finance while promoting agreener economy?

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 31-03-2022

Autor externo Daniel GROS, Willem Pieter DE GROEN, Damir GOJSIC, Apostolos THOMADAKIS, Mathieu VUYLSTEKEÁmbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancarios |

Medio ambientePalabra clave acción de la UE | calidad de la vida | economía verde | enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | pequeña y mediana

empresa | rendimiento energético | viviendaResumen SMEs will play a key role in the green transition, especially in improving the energy efficiency of housing. Innovative

financing models in this sector would contribute towards achieving the ‘Fit for 55’ goals, as well as support thebusiness environment of the SMEs that will implement a myriad of small energy improvement projects.

Estudio EN

Repercusiones sociales y medioambientales de las actividades mineras en la UETipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 31-03-2022Autor externo MONONEN Tuija (lead author) Sonja KIVINEN, Juha M. KOTILAINEN, Johanna LEINO

Ámbito político Empleo | Energía | Medio ambiente | Peticiones al Parlamento Europeo | Politica social | Salud pública | Transposicióny aplicación de la legislación

Palabra clave Derecho de la UE | estudio de impacto | explotación minera | impacto ambiental | impacto social | petición | política demedio ambiente de la UE | recurso mineral submarino | zona protegida

Estudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo ES, DE, EN, FR

Improving urgency procedures and crisis preparedness within the European Parliament and EUinstitutions

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 31-03-2022

Autor externo MAURER AndreasÁmbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Democracia | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y

parlamentario | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas enla práctica

Palabra clave competencias del Parlamento | consecuencia económica | cooperación institucional | enfermedad por coronavirus |epidemia | estado de emergencia | gestión de crisis | impacto social | Parlamento Europeo | salud pública | sesiónparlamentaria

Resumen This study, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and ConstitutionalAffairs at the request of the AFCO Committee, analyses the obstacles to democratic, transparent and efficientdecision-making in urgency situations at the EU level, with a specific focus on the European Parliament. It provides asystematic overview of Parliament’s role and functions as well as the interinstitutional cooperation during recent crisissituations and concludes with proposals on how to improve the existing set-up and Parliament’s internal procedures.

Estudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo DE, EN, FR, IT

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 128

Russia's war on Ukraine: The EU's financing of military assistance to UkraineTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-03-2022Autor BILQUIN Bruno | IMMENKAMP Beatrix

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Seguridad y defensaPalabra clave armamento | ayuda a los refugiados | ayuda de la UE | ayuda financiera | cooperación militar | intervención militar |

OTAN | Rusia | seguridad física de la aviación | UcraniaResumen In an unprecedented and unanimous reaction to the Russian war on Ukraine that began on 24 February 2022, the EU

swiftly decided to provide €500 million, and then rapidly a further €500 million, from the European Peace Facility tofund and coordinate EU military assistance and to deliver military (including lethal) equipment to Ukraine. The Councilhad already agreed €31 million for non-lethal assistance to Ukraine on 2 December 2021. For the first time in itshistory, the EU is now using a dedicated, although off-budget, tool to finance – but not to deliver, with that responsibilityfalling on Member States alone – lethal military equipment for a third country. This is an update of an 'At a glance' notepublished on 11 March 2022.

De un vistazo XL, EN

Infraestructura energética transeuropeaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-03-2022Autor WILSON Alex Benjamin

Ámbito político EnergíaPalabra clave energía eléctrica | gas natural | gasoducto | petróleo | proyecto de interés común | red de energía | red transeuropea |

suministro de energía eléctricaResumen Durante el período parcial de sesiones de abril de 2022, el Parlamento someterá a votación el texto de un Reglamento

RTE-E revisado, acordado en las negociaciones tripartitas a finales de 2021. El Reglamento RTE-E establece normaspara los proyectos de interés común en materia de infraestructuras energéticas. Los proyectos de interés común sonproyectos prioritarios que o bien benefician en gran medida al mercado único o bien mejoran la seguridad delsuministro en la Unión. Algunos de ellos pueden optar a financiación de la Unión. El Reglamento RTE-E revisadoexigiría que los proyectos de interés común cumplan criterios de sostenibilidad medioambiental más estrictos yexcluiría las infraestructuras de gas y petróleo de futuras listas de estos proyectos.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Revisión de la reserva de estabilidad del mercado para el régimen de comercio de derechos de emisiónde la Unión

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 30-03-2022Autor MORGADO SIMOES HENRIQUE ANDRE

Ámbito político Medio ambientePalabra clave cambio climático | contaminación industrial | decisión (UE) | derechos de emisión de la UE | gas con efecto

invernadero | permiso de contaminación negociable | propuesta (UE) | reducción de las emisiones de gas | régimen decomercio de derechos de emisión de la UE

Resumen La propuesta de revisión de la reserva de estabilidad del mercado (REM) para el régimen de comercio de derechos deemisión de la Unión (RCDE), que forma parte de una revisión más amplia centrada en el RCDE, consiste en prorrogarsus parámetros actuales. Se trata de la primera propuesta legislativa del paquete de medidas «Objetivo 55» que sesometerá a votación en el Pleno. Con arreglo a las normas actuales, la tasa de incorporación de derechos de emisióna la REM y los derechos mínimos de emisión incorporados a la reserva se han duplicado hasta finales de 2023, a finde permitir una rápida eliminación de los excedentes de derechos de emisión del RCDE de la Unión. La propuestatiene por objeto mantener la actual duplicación de la tasa de incorporación (24 %) y del número mínimo de derechosde emisión incorporados a la reserva (200 millones) hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2030, cuando finaliza la fase IV delRCDE de la Unión.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Utilización de vehículos alquilados sin conductor en el transporte de mercancías por carreteraTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-03-2022Autor PAPE Marketa

Ámbito político TransportePalabra clave alquiler de vehículos | Directiva CE | empresa de transporte | red de transportes | reglamentación del transporte |

transporte de mercancías | transporte por carretera | vehículo para transporte de cargas pesadasResumen Conforme a las normas actuales de la Unión, las empresas de transporte pueden utilizar vehículos alquilados, si bien

los Estados miembros también pueden restringir esta posibilidad. En 2017, la Comisión Europea propuso suavizarestas restricciones. Durante la sesión plenaria de abril, el Parlamento Europeo estudiará en segunda lectura lasnormas adaptadas acordadas con el Consejo. Estas ofrecerían más flexibilidad a los operadores de transporte,manteniendo al mismo tiempo algunas restricciones.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 129

Ley de Gobernanza de DatosTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-03-2022Autor MILDEBRATH Hendrik Alexander

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave administración electrónica | comunicación de datos | cooperación administrativa | datos abiertos | datos públicos |

Derecho de la informática | intercambio de información | protección de datos | recogida de datosResumen Con el fin de liberar el potencial socioeconómico de los datos preservando al mismo tiempo los derechos y valores

europeos, la Unión innova con su Ley de Gobernanza de datos. Primera de un conjunto de medidas anunciadas en laestrategia de datos de la Comisión, está diseñada para facilitar el intercambio voluntario de datos en toda la Unión yentre sectores, reforzando los mecanismos que aumentan la disponibilidad y fomentan la confianza en losintermediarios. Durante su período parcial de sesiones de abril, el Parlamento Europeo tiene previsto someter avotación en primera lectura el texto final fruto de las negociaciones interinstitucionales.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Presupuesto rectificativo n.º 1/2022: Ajuste del marco financiero plurianualTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 30-03-2022Autor MAZUR Sidonia

Ámbito político PresupuestoPalabra clave crédito presupuestario | ejercicio presupuestario | fondo (UE) | gasto de la UE | marco financiero plurianual |

presupuesto de la UE | presupuesto rectificativo | programa de la UE | proyecto de presupuesto (UE)Resumen El proyecto de presupuesto rectificativo n.º 1/2022 (PPR n.º 1/2022) tiene por objeto reforzar el presupuesto de la

Unión para 2022 con una transferencia de más de 12 000 millones EUR en créditos de compromiso procedentes delpresupuesto de 2021. Esta transferencia guarda relación con ocho fondos en régimen de gestión compartida de lasrúbricas 2a, 3, 4 y 5 del marco financiero plurianual (MFP). Los límites máximos del MFP para 2022 2025 se siguenajustando como consecuencia del retraso en la adopción de las bases jurídicas.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Orientaciones del Parlamento para el presupuesto de la Unión para 2023: Sección III – ComisiónEuropea

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 30-03-2022Autor MAZUR Sidonia

Ámbito político PresupuestoPalabra clave cohesión económica y social | ejercicio presupuestario | gestión financiera | marco financiero plurianual | presupuesto

de la UE | proyecto de presupuesto (UE) | recuperación económicaResumen El presupuesto de la Unión para el ejercicio 2023 será el tercero en el marco del nuevo marco financiero plurianual

(MFP) para el período 2021-2027. También es el último año del Instrumento de Recuperación de la Unión Europea(Next Generation EU), cuya vigencia está prevista de 2021 a 2023. El Parlamento Europeo contribuye a lapreparación de propuestas para el presupuesto de la Unión Europea para el ejercicio siguiente mediante la adopciónde sus «orientaciones». El proyecto de orientaciones, aprobado por la Comisión de Presupuestos el 16 de marzo de2022, presenta los objetivos del Parlamento para el presupuesto de la Unión para 2023 y su prioridad principal es larecuperación de la crisis del coronavirus y hacer frente a los retos geopolíticos. Se espera que el Parlamento adoptesus orientaciones durante el período parcial de sesiones del abril de junio, antes de que la Comisión adopte supropuesta para el proyecto de presupuesto para 2023, lo que está previsto para principios de junio.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Tunisia: Political situation ahead of the constitutional referendumTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 29-03-2022Autor STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresResumen The complex political and economic transition following Tunisia's 2011 revolution and subsequent regime change has

left Tunisia experiencing a protracted economic downturn over the past 10 years. The country has also been affectedby instability and conflict in the region, in particular in neighbouring Libya. Economic growth has been subdued andunemployment persistently high (16.6 %), with much higher rates among women and young people. The dissolution ofthe government and the Assembly of People's Representatives by President Kaïs Saïed in July 2021 was supposedlydesigned to tackle corruption and general dissatisfaction with political elites. A constitutional referendum is due to takeplace in July 2022, a year to the day after Saïed seized broad powers in a move his opponents have called a coup.There is an expectation that this referendum, and the parliamentary elections to follow at the end of the year, willaddress the socio-economic and political concerns of a population deeply disenchanted with the politicalestablishment.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 130

Transparency and targeting of political advertisingTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 29-03-2022Autor ZANDERSONE Laura

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex antePalabra clave democracia | dimensión transfronteriza | elecciones | estudio de impacto | mercado único | partidos políticos |

prestación de servicios | propaganda política | propuesta (UE) | publicidadResumen The proposal on political advertising aims to require online platforms to also provide information about the political

affiliation and on the funding of the ads. Binding EU harmonised rules on political advertising will help companies,especially the SMEs, to enter the internal market of cross-border advertising services, as well as promote transparencyof political ads.

Briefing EN

Close cooperation for bank supervision: The cases of Bulgaria and CroatiaTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 29-03-2022Autor externo Zsolt DARVAS, Catarina MARTIN

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosResumen This briefing paper investigates the practice of close cooperation and examines the banking system performance in

Bulgaria and Croatia. The factors that could pose risks to Bulgarian and Croatian banks are identified.Análisis en profundidad EN

Le droit à la santé, une perspective de droit comparé - BelgiqueTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 29-03-2022Autor externo Prof. Dr Christian BEHRENDT, professeur ordinaire à l’Université de Liège et à la Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Asuntos exteriores | Coronavirus | Democracia | Democracia en laUE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Derechointernacional público | Derechos humanos | Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia | Evaluación de la legislación y laspolíticas en la práctica | Salud pública | Transposición y aplicación de la legislación

Resumen Ce document s’intègre dans une série d’études visant à présenter le droit à la santé dans différents ordres juridiques,et ce dans une perspective de droit comparé. La présente étude est pour sa part consacrée à la protection de la santéen Belgique. Le droit à la protection de la santé a été introduit dans la Constitution belge en 1994 et, à l’heure actuelle,ses contours ne sont pas encore précisément déterminés – à ceci près qu’il est clair qu’il s’agit d’un droit à laprotection de la santé, et non un droit à la santé à proprement parler. Il revêt une dimension collective (c’est laprotection de la santé publique) ainsi qu’une dimension individuelle (chacun a droit à la protection de la meilleure santépossible). Dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire lié au COVID-19, la protection de la santé (en particulier dans sadimension collective) a justifié des restrictions à d’autres droits. Après une brève introduction consacrée aux premièresoccurrences de législations relatives à la protection de la santé, sont analysées la législation et la jurisprudenceactuelles en la matière. Nous terminons cette étude par une présentation de certains conflits normatifs qui peuventsurgir entre la protection de la santé et d’autres droits fondamentaux.

Estudio FR

Revision of the Industrial Emissions Directive and update of the European Pollutant Release and TransferRegister (E-PRTR)

Tipo de publicación BriefingFecha 28-03-2022Autor KARAMFILOVA Ekaterina

Ámbito político Medio ambientePalabra clave acceso a la información | contaminación de origen agrícola | contaminación industrial | economía circular | gestión de

residuos | política de medio ambiente de la UE | prevención de la contaminación | protección del medio ambiente |recogida de datos | reducción de las emisiones de gas | vigilancia del medio ambiente

Resumen Industrial pollution is regulated by the EU directive on industrial emissions (IED). It lays down rules designed toprevent, or, if impracticable, to reduce emissions into air, water and land and to prevent the generation of waste, inorder to achieve a high level of protection of the environment taken as a whole. The European Pollutant Release andTransfer Register (E-PRTR) ensures public access to data on emissions from major industrial activities. The ex-postevaluations of the directive and the regulation setting the register show they are generally performing well in practice.However, there are implementation issues, including inconsistences between the directive and the register. Thisbriefing presents findings of publicly available sources on the implementation of both pieces of EU law and thus aimsat informing their upcoming revision in the context of European Green Deal, in which Parliament will be a co-legislators.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 131

Outcome of the meetings of EU leaders, 24-25 March 2022Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 28-03-2022Autor DRACHENBERG Ralf

Ámbito político Energía | Salud pública | Seguridad y defensa | Semestre EuropeoPalabra clave Consejo Europeo | cooperación europea | enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | independencia económica |

intervención militar | política energética de la Unión | política exterior y de seguridad común | reunión en la Cumbre |Rusia | Ucrania

Resumen Russia's war on Ukraine and the linked issue of energy security constituted the clear focus of the European Councilmeeting held on 24 25 March 2022. The meeting included a joint session with the President of the United States ofAmerica, Joe Biden, and it formed part of a trilogy of summit meetings in Brussels (NATO, G7 and EU) demonstratingWestern unity in support of Ukraine and in response to President Vladimir Putin's unacceptable violation ofinternational law. The main outcomes of the meeting were: i) the creation of a new Ukraine Solidarity Trust Fund; ii) avoluntary EU joint purchasing scheme for gas, similar to that put in place for coronavirus vaccines; and iii) theendorsement of the new EU 'Strategic Compass'. However, no further steps were taken with regard to Ukraine's EUmembership application, no common EU approach was found to address increased energy prices and no furthersanctions were imposed on Russia at this stage, despite calls by some EU leaders for energy and/or transport bans. Ingeneral, the conclusions reiterated, or built further upon, the Versailles Declaration of 11 March. Important elementsincluded the need to further reduce the EU's strategic dependence in energy and other sensitive areas, notably criticalraw materials, semi-conductors, health, digital and food security. The meeting also saw Charles Michel re-elected asPresident of the European Council for a second term of 30 months.

Briefing EN

Public hearing with A. Enria, Chair of the ECB Supervisory Board - 31 March 2022Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 28-03-2022Autor GRIGAITE KRISTINA | MAGNUS Marcel

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetariosResumen This note is prepared in view of a regular public hearing with the Chair of the Supervisory Board of the European

Central Bank (ECB), Andrea Enria, which will take place on 31 March 2022. The briefing addresses: 1) the ECB’srecent report on Disclosure of Climate risks, 2) the ECB’s presentation on banks’ exposures to Russia, 3) the waiver ofbank transfer costs to support people in the Ukraine, 4) the ECB’s presentation of Aggregated Results of theSupervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP), 5) the situation reflected in the ECB’ Supervisory BankingStatistics for the third quarter 2021, 6) the ECB’s feedback to the EP’s Banking Union INI report, and 7) a summary ofexternal briefing papers on banking supervision in Croatia and Bulgaria.

Briefing EN

The Economic Reconstruction of Belarus: Next Steps after a Democratic TransitionTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 28-03-2022Autor externo Christopher A. HARTWELL; Kateryna BORNUKOVA; Dzmitry KRUK; Benedikt ZOLLER-RYDZEK

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | DemocraciaPalabra clave ayuda a la reconversión | Belarús | interdependencia económica | recuperación económica | relaciones de la Unión

Europea | relación bilateral | Rusia | transición económicaResumen The economic performance of Belarus has been unimpressive ever since the fall of the Soviet Union, due mainly to the

country’s lack of serious structural reforms. This study examines the consequences of this benign neglect should ademocratic transition occur and attempts to understand the assistance that may be required to help Belarussuccessfully transform. Unlike the transformations which began in Central Europe during 1989, though, Belarus’potential transition is complicated by immense Russian pressure. Hence, the provision of much needed assistance willbe highly dependent upon Russia’s stance towards a democratic transfer of power. This study examines its possibleresponses to understand how the EU can best be involved in the long-delayed Belarusian transformation and also howmuch assistance may be required.

Estudio EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 132

Association agreement between the EU and Georgia - European Implementation Assessment (update)Tipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 25-03-2022Autor AHAMAD MADATALI HANNAH NAFIZE | JANSEN Talander Hugo

Autor externo Delcour, LaureÁmbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derechos

humanos | Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Evaluación de la legislación y las políticas en la práctica | Valor añadidoeuropeo

Palabra clave Acuerdo de Asociación (UE) | Asociación Oriental | ayuda de la UE | corrupción | democracia | derechos humanos |descentralización | Georgia | reforma judicial

Resumen In November 2021, the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs (AFET) requested an own-initiativeannual report on the implementation of the association agreement between the EU and Georgia (2021/2236(INI)).Sven Mikser (S&D, Estonia) is the appointed rapporteur. The Ex-Post Evaluation Unit (EVAL) within the EuropeanParliamentary Research Service (EPRS) has prepared this European implementation assessment (EIA) to accompanythe scrutiny work of AFET. This EIA is an update of a European implementation assessment on the associationagreement between the EU and Georgia, prepared by the EPRS in April 2020.

Estudio EN

Plenary round-up - March II 2022Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 25-03-2022Autor FERGUSON CLARE | SOCHACKA KATARZYNA

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioPalabra clave ayuda macrofinanciera | fraude contra la UE | igualdad de género | igualdad de remuneración | itinerancia | Moldavia |

moneda virtual | Parlamento Europeo | período de sesiones | tarifa de comunicacionesResumen With the war in Ukraine high on Parliament's agenda, the highlight of the March II 2022 plenary session in Brussels

was a formal address by Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada. Members held a debate with the Council and theEuropean Commission on the need for an urgent EU action plan to ensure food security inside and outside the EU, inthe light of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. They also debated the power of the proposed joint European action tosecure more affordable, reliable and sustainable energy. Turning to the 'Suisse Secrets' scandal, Members debatedhow to encourage anti-money-laundering standards in third countries. Members also discussed the outcome of theEuropean Council meeting in Paris on 10 March 2022, and the preparations for the 24 25 March 2022 meeting.Several legislative files were adopted, inter alia on roaming charges; the cohesion action for the presence of refugeesin Europe and use of funds under the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) Regulation, both in light of thewar in Ukraine; and on the Status Agreement between the EU and Moldova on Frontex operations.

De un vistazo EN

Organised crime in Europe: Emerging trends and policy challengesTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 25-03-2022Autor NOONAN EAMONN

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave cooperación policial | cooperación transfronteriza | corrupción | crimen organizado | criminalidad informática |

estrategia de la UE | Europol | lucha contra el crimen | seguridad informáticaResumen Serious and organised crime inflict huge costs on both the EU economy and society. Organised crime is an

increasingly dynamic and complex phenomenon, as it has become more interconnected, transnational and digital. TheCovid-19 pandemic has led to an increase in cybercrime, fraud and counterfeiting. Police and judicial actions and theeffective implementation of existing EU instruments are critical in tackling this challenge. New strategies to disrupt thebusiness models and structures of criminal organisations will also benefit from an integrated approach, recognising thesocio-economic, technological and geopolitical dimensions of the problem.

De un vistazo EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: Implications for EU commodity imports from RussiaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 25-03-2022Autor RAGONNAUD Guillaume | SZCZEPANSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Comercio internacionalPalabra clave cadena de suministro | consecuencia económica | importación (UE) | intervención militar | precio de la energía | precio

de productos básicos | restricción de las exportaciones | Rusia | subida de precios | UcraniaResumen Russia is a major global commodity producer and exporter. The country's invasion of Ukraine has already pushed

commodity prices to historically high levels, and could also lead to commodity shortages. This situation may causeconsiderable economic damage, with far-reaching consequences for EU industry.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 133

Inflation in the wake of coronavirus and war [What Think Tanks are thinking]Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 25-03-2022Autor CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos exteriores | CoronavirusPalabra clave enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | grupo de reflexión | guerra | inflación | Rusia | situación económica | subida

de precios | UcraniaResumen Inflation has reached the highest level in decades in the European Union, United States and many other countries, with

the Ukraine conflict adding upward pressure on prices of energy and food. The Russian invasion has intensified thealready near-record growth of consumer prices resulting from the coronavirus pandemic and broken supply-chains.The war has sharply curbed supply of energy, wheat and other products from Russia and Ukraine, their majorproducers. The countries' exports look set to dwindle further if the war continues and the EU imposes a ban on itsmassive gas and oil imports from Russia, adding to the already strict sanctions on Moscow. Some central banks havesignalled that they will further increase interest rates, and 'stagflation', or high inflation coupled with economicstagnation, could follow. Before the invasion, many experts had expected rapid price growth to be temporary. Now,they believe inflation could become more entrenched, further squeezing households' real income in coming months.This note gathers links to the recent publications and commentaries from many international think tanks on resurgentinflation. Analyses on the war and its implications can be found in a previous edition of the 'What Think Tanks areThinking' series.

Briefing EN

Economic repercussions of Russia’s war on Ukraine – Weekly DigestTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 25-03-2022Autor DE LEMOS PEIXOTO SAMUEL | GRIGAITE KRISTINA | HAGELSTAM Kajus | MAGNUS Marcel | PACHECO DIAS

CRISTINA SOFIAÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios

Resumen This paper provides a summary of recent economic, financial and budgetary decisions and developments followingPresident Vladimir Putin’s decision of 24 February to start a military attack against Ukraine. Furthermore, it aims toprovide the latest information on EU sanctions adopted so far. It also highlights related policy recommendations madein the public domain to mitigate adverse economic, financial and social effects and to support economic recovery in theEU and the Euro Area.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Counterterrorism policies, measures and tools in the EUTipo de publicación Estudio

Fecha 25-03-2022Autor externo Dr. Julia BURCHETT, Université Libre de Bruxelles Prof. Anne WEYEMBERGH, Université Libre de Bruxelles In

collaboration with Georgia THEODORAKAKOU, Intern, Centre de droit européen, Université Libre de BruxelleÁmbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativos | Espacio de

libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave extremismo | política común de seguridad y defensa | política de la UE | política europea de defensa | seguridad

europea | terrorismoResumen This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional

Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, aims to provide background information and policy recommendationsconcerning the impact and effectiveness of the counterterrorism policies, measures and tools in the EU. Besides amapping of the evolution of the EU counter-terrorism policy architecture, this study assesses the impact andeffectiveness of the EU counterterrorism policy by focusing on key policy areas. On the basis of the mapping exerciseand the examination of the areas covered by this study, the research team has provided recommendations that couldinform future policy developments.

Estudio EN

Resumen ejecutivo DE, EN, FR

Before the war: Russia's economic indicators and trade with EUTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 24-03-2022Autor MACSAI GYORGYI

Autor externo Tkalec, IgorÁmbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Comercio internacionalPalabra clave corrupción | deuda pública | estadística comercial | estadística del empleo | estadística económica | exportación (UE) |

importación (UE) | inversión extranjera | producto interior bruto | Rusia | situación económica | tipo de cambio | trabajofemenino

Resumen The data in this infographic illustrate the extent of trade between the EU and Russia in the years up to the latterlaunching its war on Ukraine, as well as the state of Russia’s economy more generally in the same period. This is anupdate of an infographic originally drafted by Martin Russell and Giulio Sabbati in May 2016.

De un vistazo EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 134

Russia's war on Ukraine: The situation of Ukraine's childrenTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 24-03-2022Autor DEL MONTE Micaela | MENTZELOPOULOU Maria-Margarita

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave ayuda a los refugiados | intervención militar | niño | protección civil | protección de la infancia | Rusia | trabajo de

menores | trata de seres humanos | Ucrania | violencia sexualResumen Russia's invasion of Ukraine has forced hundreds of thousands of people, mostly women and children, to flee the

country and seek shelter in neighbouring countries. Ukraine's civilian population is being subjected to shelling andviolence, while outside Ukraine's borders, the international humanitarian community has quickly mobilised to providesupport. As the humanitarian situation deteriorates, children are particularly vulnerable.

De un vistazo XL, EN

Sustainable aviation fuelsTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 24-03-2022Autor CLAROS GIMENO Eulalia | SOONE Jaan

Ámbito político TransportePalabra clave adaptación al cambio climático | biocarburante | cambio climático | combustible de aviación | contaminante atmosférico

| desarrollo sostenible | política de medio ambiente de la UE | tecnología limpia | transporte aéreoResumen As part of the fit for 55 package to make the EU's policies fit for the EU's climate targets, on 14 July 2021, the

European Commission presented a proposal to increase the production and use of sustainable fuels in aviation, alsoknown as the ReFuelEU Aviation initiative. In the draft regulation, the Commission proposes placing obligations on fuelsuppliers to distribute sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) and growing the share of SAFs (including synthetic aviationfuels, also known as renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBOs)) over time. This infographic offers a briefoverview of the targets set by the Commission, types of fuels considered in the proposal, and their sustainability,market readiness, feedstock availability, production pathways and production cost projections. More information on theproposal is available in the related EPRS EU legislation in progress briefing, PE 698.900.

De un vistazo EN

The future of climate migrationTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 24-03-2022Autor NOONAN EAMONN

Ámbito político Medio ambiente | Politica socialPalabra clave ACNUR | ayuda humanitaria | cambio climático | inclemencia atmosférica | migración forzosa | pobreza | política de

medio ambiente de la UE | política migratoria de la UE | protección civil | refugiadoResumen Climate change is threatening to displace millions of people, creating new migrant flows also across borders. The EU

has a leading role in reducing global warming, mitigating its effects, improving knowledge about consequences forvulnerable populations, and working with partners to build resilience. Success depends not just on adopting forward-looking strategies, but also on adequate resources and effective implementation.

De un vistazo EN

Digital Services Act & Digital Markets Act - Collection of studies for the IMCO committeeTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 24-03-2022Autor KAISER KEVIN PAUL | RATCLIFF Christina

Ámbito político Adopción de legislación por el PE y el Consejo | Mercado interior y unión aduanera | Protección de los consumidoresPalabra clave comercio electrónico | contenido digital | impacto de la tecnología de la información | Internet | mercado interior |

mercado único digital | protección del consumidor | publicidadResumen This collection of studies presents expert studies and workshop proceedings related to relevant topics of the DSA and

the DMA, focusing on opportunities and challenges for the digital single market and consumer protection. The studiesresult from the ongoing interest of the IMCO committee in improving the functioning of the digital single market anddeveloping e-commerce rules based on scientific evidence and expertise.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 135

Stronger economy, social justice, jobs, education, culture, sport, digital transformation | Citizens’recommendations and the EU context: Panel 1 of the Conference on the Future of Europe

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 24-03-2022Autor AMANATIDIS Georgios | ANGERER Jost | BLUMENTHAL DAVID | CIUCCI MATTEO | DANESI SARA | DAVOLI

Alessandro | ISKRA Katarzyna Anna | KENNEDY AOIFE | MARZOCCHI Ottavio | MILT Kristiina | PRUTSCH MarkusJosef | SASSE LINA SOPHIE JULIE | SOFSKY FABIAN

Ámbito político Agricultura y desarrollo rural | Asuntos de género, igualdad y diversidad | Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntosfinancieros y bancarios | Coronavirus | Cultura | Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Derechocontractual, Derecho mercantil y Derecho de sociedades | Derecho de la propiedad intelectual | Derecho internacionalprivado y cooperación judicial en materia civil | Desarrollo regional | Empleo | Energía | Espacio de libertad, seguridady justicia | Fiscalidad | Industria | Legislación y normativa sobre competencia | Medio ambiente | Mercado interior yunión aduanera | Pesca | Peticiones al Parlamento Europeo | Politica social | Política de investigación | Protección delos consumidores | Salud pública | Seguridad alimentaria | Transporte | Turismo

Palabra clave Conferencia europea | cooperación institucional | estrategia de crecimiento de la UE | Europa de los ciudadanos |fomento de la idea de Europa

Resumen The European Parliament, the Council and the European Commission have committed to listen to Europeans and tofollow up, within their sphere of competences, on the recommendations made. In this framework, four EuropeanCitizens’ Panels have been organized to allow citizens to jointly think about the future they want for the EuropeanUnion •Panel 1 - "Stronger economy, social justice, jobs, education, culture, sport, digital transformation" •Panel 2 -"EU democracy, values, rights, rule of law, security" •Panel 3 - "Climate change, environment, health" •Panel 4 - "EUin the world, migration" This publication presents the recommendations that emerged from the citizens’ Panel 1 on‘Stronger economy, social justice, jobs, education, culture, sport, digital transformation’, along with backgroundinformation on the European Parliament’s positions and the EU’s activities related to the recommendations. Thispaper has been produced at the request of Guy Verhofstadt, chair, on behalf of the European Parliament's delegationto the Conference on the Future of Europe.

Estudio EN

What if machines made fairer decisions than humans?Tipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 23-03-2022Autor GARCIA HIGUERA ANDRES

Ámbito político Democracia | Derechos humanos | Industria | Política de investigación | Protección de los consumidoresPalabra clave aprendizaje automático | norma técnica | nueva tecnología | ofimática | protección de datos | protección de la vida

privada | seguridad informática | toma de decisiones | éticaResumen Automated decision-making by systems that use machine learning to dynamically improve performance are still seen

as lacking the 'human perspective' and flexibility to adapt to the particular nuances of specific cases. But perhaps, asthey lack the 'cunning' to hide their biases, automated systems actually make fairer decisions than do humans, whenthese decisions are based on data that have been properly curated.

De un vistazo EN

Multimedia What if machines made fairer decisions than humans?

Review of the capital requirements frameworkTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 23-03-2022Autor KRAMER Esther

Ámbito político Evaluación de impacto ex anteResumen The IA follows a clear intervention logic, with objectives and options deriving from the problems to tackle. It is

transparent about limitations and uses estimates with the appropriate caution. The range of options is predeterminedby the outstanding Basel III standards, which the IA prefers to implement with adjustments reflecting specificities of theEU banking sector and potential consequences of the Covid-19 crisis. The qualitative assessment is complemented byselective pertinent quantification. The IA’s focus is on economic impacts for banks, with limited consideration of socialor environmental effects and little differentiation of effects on banks’ customers. Macroeconomic impacts and effectson SMEs and on the competitiveness of EU banks are assessed only for the preferred options in an annex.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 136

Amending the rules governing the statute and funding of European political parties (recast)Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 23-03-2022Autor ANGLMAYER Irmgard

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentario | Evaluación de impacto ex antePalabra clave estatuto jurídico europeo | estudio de impacto | financiación de la UE | financiación de los partidos | fundación | libertad

de asociación | libertad de expresión | partido europeo | propuesta (UE)Resumen Ahead of the 2024 European elections, the European Commission has presented a proposal to amend Regulation

1141/2014 governing the statute and funding of European political parties (EUPPs) and foundations. The proposedamendments concern, inter alia, the funding provisions, transparency requirements and enforcement of the rules. Thisbriefing examines the quality of the supporting impact assessment (IA), which outlines the problems encountered inapplying the regulation, as identified in recent EU-level reports and through stakeholder input. The range of policyoptions presented in the IA to address the identified shortcomings is rather limited, although under each option, and foreach problem, several alternative measures are considered. Elements of the parallel initiative on political advertising -also part of the European democracy action plan - were integrated into the amending EUPP proposal; however, the IAremains vague on the link between these two initiatives.

Briefing EN

The ECB’s close cooperation on supervising banks in Bulgaria and CroatiaTipo de publicación Análisis en profundidad

Fecha 23-03-2022Autor externo Thorsten BECK, Brunella BRUNO

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosResumen The close cooperation arrangement for Bulgaria and Croatia poses challenges for the ECB that we discuss in terms of

existing and emerging risks and vulnerabilities in the two banking sectors. The focus is on three risk areas: moneylaundering, climate change risk, and geopolitical tensions related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The high political andeconomic uncertainty arising from this conflict requires a reassessment of existing risks (such as credit and sovereignrisks) and sources of new risks. These risk drivers are intertwined and can affect supervised entities through existingvulnerabilities at the bank as well as at the country level, primarily poor asset quality and the weak institutionalframework.

Análisis en profundidad EN

Charles Michel as President of the European CouncilTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 22-03-2022Autor DRACHENBERG Ralf

Ámbito político DemocraciaPalabra clave cooperación interinstitucional (UE) | Parlamento Europeo | presidente de la institución | Presidente del Consejo

Europeo | representación políticaResumen Charles Michel's (first) term as European Council President comes to an end on 30 May 2022. In advance of his

potential re-election by EU Heads of State or Government to that function, this paper looks at his activities during thecourse of his 30-month mandate to date, with a special focus on the institutional and inter-institutional dimension of hisrole. In practice, the coronavirus pandemic has dictated the agenda of the European Council from almost the beginningof Mr Michel's time in office. The resulting need to concentrate on ‘crisis management’ provided him, as it had hispredecessors, with the opportunity to show leadership, applying a careful balance between the role of facilitator andthat of agenda-setter. Despite the challenging circumstances he has faced, Mr Michel has managed to make his markon the European Council's agenda, notably on external relations, championing the concept of ‘strategic autonomy’. Hedemonstrated strong activism both prior to and after the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, playing an important role inEuropean Union mobilisation to support the country. He has also adjusted the European Council's working methods, inparticular with the use of video-conferences of small groups of EU leaders to better prepare full European Councilmeetings. Cooperation between the European Council President and the European Parliament has increased incomparison to previous years, particularly regarding activities not required of the President by the Treaties. Mr Michelhas also innovated in communications, notably through a newsletter aimed at EU citizens.

Briefing EN

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 137

Construction products Regulation: Revision of Regulation (EU) No 305/2011Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 22-03-2022Autor TENHUNEN Susanna

Ámbito político Mercado interior y unión aduaneraPalabra clave armonización de normas | economía circular | especificación técnica | libre circulación de mercancías | marcado «CE»

de conformidad | material de construcción | norma europea | política de construcción | reglamento (UE) | técnica de laconstrucción

Resumen Designed to improve the free movement of construction products in the EU internal market, the Construction ProductsRegulation (CPR) lays down harmonised conditions for the marketing of those products, provides a framework for acommon technical language to assess their performance and sets out provisions on the use of CE marking. TheCommission is planning to issue a proposal for a revision of the CPR by the end of March. The revision is expected toaddress the regulation's suboptimal performance and implementation difficulties revealed in the implementation andevaluation reports. The sustainability goals set in the Green Deal and circular economy action plan give further causeto revise the CPR. The construction sector has high potential for circularity and could therefore play an important rolein the transition towards a resource efficient economy built on a regenerative growth model. In a recent resolution onthe revision of the CPR, the European Parliament welcomed the goals of the circular economy action plan and calledfor an ambitious revision of the CPR. The recommendations made by the European Parliament have some points incommon with those of other EU institutions and stakeholders, such as those underscoring the importance of afunctioning harmonisation system and a comprehensive common technical language, the need for sustainability criteriafor construction products and enhanced clarity of CE marking, and the need for more effective market surveillance.

Briefing EN

Outlook for the European Council meeting of 24-25 March 2022Tipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 22-03-2022Autor ANGHEL Suzana Elena | DRACHENBERG Ralf

Ámbito político Energía | Salud pública | Seguridad y defensa | Semestre EuropeoPalabra clave Consejo Europeo | cooperación europea | enfermedad por coronavirus | epidemia | independencia económica |

intervención militar | política energética de la Unión | política exterior y de seguridad común | relaciones de la UniónEuropea | reunión en la Cumbre | Rusia | Ucrania

Resumen On 24-25 March 2022, EU Heads of State or Government will meet for the third time in five weeks. In the presence ofthe United States President, Joe Biden, they will discuss developments in and support for Ukraine, in the context of theunprovoked Russian invasion of the country. Building on their Versailles Declaration of 10-11 March, EU leaders willtake further steps aimed at strengthening European sovereignty in the field of security, defence and energy security.As regards security and defence, the European Council will endorse the EU Strategic Compass, call for itsimplementation, and give further guidelines for the deepening of European defence cooperation. With respect toenergy, EU leaders will consider means to counter the current spike in energy prices, consider gas storage capacitiesand planning in view of the next winter and resume discussions on phasing out EU dependence on Russian fossilfuels. Furthermore, the European Council will take stock of coordination efforts in response to the Covid-19 pandemic,appraise the European Semester, and review initiatives designed to build a more robust economic base and reducethe EU's strategic dependence in the most sensitive areas. Under external relations, items on the agenda will includethe preparation of the forthcoming EU-China Summit and the political crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The EuropeanCouncil will be followed by a Euro Summit meeting on 25 March.

Briefing EN

Temporary Protection DirectiveTipo de publicación Briefing

Fecha 22-03-2022Autor LUYTEN KATRIEN

Ámbito político Espacio de libertad, seguridad y justiciaPalabra clave ayuda a los refugiados | ayuda de la UE | ayuda de urgencia | corriente migratoria | Derecho de extranjería | Directiva

CE | extranjero | guerra | intervención militar | migración forzosa | Rusia | UcraniaResumen Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, over 3.4 million people have already been forced to seek

refuge, mostly in neighbouring countries. The European Commission estimates that Russia aggression may havedisplaced up to 6.5 million people. In response, the European Union swiftly decided to grant EU-wide temporaryprotection to people arriving from Ukraine. The EU Temporary Protection Directive (Directive 2001/55/EC) enables EUMember States to move rapidly to offer protection and rights to people in need of immediate protection and to avoidoverwhelming national asylum systems in cases of mass arrivals of displaced persons. Although invoked several timesin the past, the directive has never been activated before. Russia's military aggression prompted a unanimous decisionin the Council to grant temporary protection (for an initial period of one year) to people fleeing the war in Ukraine. Thistemporary protection may be extended automatically by two six-monthly periods, for a maximum of another year. TheEU's decision to grant temporary protection has been widely welcomed and the directive is considered the mostappropriate instrument under the current exceptional circumstances. There are, however, still many open questions asto its practical implementation in the EU Member States. The scale of the arrivals entails many immediate as well aslonger-term challenges. On the other hand, and in spite of accusations of double standards in favour of 'white' or ethnicEuropean refugees, the demonstrations of EU-wide solidarity with the Ukrainian people raise hopes for concreteprogress on overall reform of the EU's migration and asylum rules. At the time of writing, the conflict has alreadycaused civilian casualties and the destruction of hospitals, schools and other civilian infrastructure, creating ahumanitarian catastrophe both within Ukraine and beyond its borders.

Briefing EN, FR

Multimedia Temporary protection directive

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 138

EU in the world / Migration Citizens’ recommendations and the EU context: Panel 4 of the Conference onthe Future of Europe

Tipo de publicación EstudioFecha 22-03-2022Autor AMANATIDIS Georgios | APICELLA CAROLINA | CIUCCI MATTEO | HEEZEN JOHANNES | IGLER WOLFGANG |

ISKRA Katarzyna Anna | KONLE-SEIDL REGINA ANNA | KURRER CHRISTIAN MARTIN | LEGRAND Jérôme |MALOVEC Michal | MARTINELLO BARBARA | MARZOCCHI Ottavio | PADURARIU Claudia-Amelia | PAVY Eeva |RIEDER ANNA-SABINE | SOFSKY FABIAN | SOKOLSKA INA

Ámbito político Asuntos exteriores | Comercio internacional | Democracia | Derecho internacional público | Derechos humanos |Desarrollo y ayuda humanitaria | Gobernanza global | Seguridad y defensa

Palabra clave ciudadano de la UE | Conferencia europea | fomento de la idea de Europa | política migratoria de la UEResumen As part of the Conference on the Future of Europe, 800 citizens debated their ideas for the European Union in four

thematic panels. The citizens involved in Panel 4 considered the possibilities for two related themes: the EU in theworld and migration. This publication presents their recommendations, as well as a selection of related EuropeanParliament resolutions and EU legislation, funding programmes and other activities. These background elements arenot exhaustive, but have been selected to provide contextual material. For some wide-ranging recommendations, thebackground material focuses on the most prominent aspects of the proposal. This paper was requested by GuyVerhofstadt, the Chair of the European Parliament’s delegation to the Conference on the Future of Europe, on behalfof the delegation.

Estudio EN

Russia's war on Ukraine: Russia ceases to be a member of the Council of EuropeTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 21-03-2022Autor DEL MONTE Micaela

Ámbito político Democracia en la UE, Derecho institucional y parlamentarioPalabra clave ACNUR | asamblea parlamentaria | ayuda a los refugiados | Consejo de Europa | Convención Europea de Derechos

Humanos | Derecho internacional humanitario | intervención militar | refugiado | Rusia | UcraniaResumen The military invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has pushed hundreds of thousands of people to flee the

country and seek shelter in neighbouring countries. With each passing hour, the humanitarian situation is deterioratingboth within and outside the country. Several Ukrainian cities have reportedly lost access to water, heating, electricityand basic supplies, while the civilian population is subject to shelling and violence. While outside Ukraine's borders, theinternational humanitarian community has quickly mobilised to provide support, the conflict has caused civiliancasualties and destruction of hospitals, schools and other civilian infrastructure. This is an update of an 'At a glance'note published on 8 March 2022.

De un vistazo EN

Ayuda macrofinanciera a MoldaviaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 21-03-2022Autor STANICEK BRANISLAV

Ámbito político Asuntos exterioresPalabra clave adhesión a la Unión Europea | ayuda de la UE | ayuda macrofinanciera | Moldavia | países candidatos a la adhesión a

la UE | política europea de vecindad | producto interior bruto | recesión económica | recuperación económicaResumen A raíz de una solicitud de Moldavia, de 19 de noviembre de 2021, la Comisión Europea adoptó, el 4 de enero de 2022,

una propuesta para desembolsar hasta 150 millones EUR en nueva ayuda macrofinanciera para el país, de los cualeshasta 30 millones EUR en subvenciones y hasta 120 millones EUR en préstamos a medio plazo en condiciones definanciación favorables. El Parlamento Europeo tiene previsto someter a votación dicha propuesta durante el períodoparcial de sesiones de marzo II.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Régimen piloto sobre las infraestructuras de mercado basadas en la tecnología de registrodescentralizado

Tipo de publicación De un vistazoFecha 21-03-2022Autor HOFLMAYR MARTIN

Ámbito político Asuntos económicos y monetarios | Asuntos financieros y bancariosPalabra clave dinero electrónico | garantía de inversiones | informatización | instrumento financiero | mercado único digital | moneda

virtual | propuesta (UE) | protección del consumidor | reglamentación financiera | servicios financierosResumen Está previsto que el Parlamento Europeo vote un acuerdo tripartito sobre la propuesta de un régimen piloto para la

infraestructura del mercado, que establecerá un sistema para negociar y liquidar operaciones de instrumentosfinancieros en forma de criptoactivos. El régimen sigue el enfoque de «entorno de pruebas», que permite excepcionestemporales a algunos requisitos concretos. De esta manera, puede fomentarse el desarrollo de soluciones para lanegociación y liquidación de operaciones en criptoactivos, al tiempo que se preserva un elevado nivel de estabilidadfinanciera, transparencia e integridad del mercado y se evitan el arbitraje regulador y las lagunas.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 139

Protección de los fondos de la Unión frente a las estructuras oligárquicasTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 21-03-2022Autor KOWALD KAROLINE

Ámbito político Control presupuestarioPalabra clave conflicto de intereses | control presupuestario | corrupción | Fiscalía Europea | fraude contra la UE | gasto de la UE |

gestión financiera | lucha contra el crimen | Oficina Europea de Lucha contra el Fraude | Reglamento financieroResumen El marco financiero plurianual (MFP) 2021-2027 de la Unión Europea y los instrumentos de recuperación Next

Generation EU proporcionan recursos financieros por valor de 1,8 billones EUR. Sin embargo, la Unión solo puedealcanzar los ambiciosos objetivos de estos instrumentos presupuestarios si se protegen mejor sus interesesfinancieros. La Comisión de Control Presupuestario (CONT) del Parlamento ha aprobado un informe de propiainiciativa en el que se destaca el riesgo de fraude y conflicto de intereses derivado de la presencia creciente en losúltimos años de estructuras oligárquicas en la Unión.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Refundición del Reglamento de la UE sobre la itineranciaTipo de publicación De un vistazo

Fecha 21-03-2022Autor Niestadt Maria

Ámbito político Derecho de la UE: sistema jurídico y actos legislativosPalabra clave itinerancia | libre prestación de servicios | protección del consumidor | red de transmisión de datos | reglamento (UE) |

regulación de precios | tarifa de comunicaciones | teléfono móvilResumen Para garantizar que los consumidores puedan seguir «en itinerancia» en otros Estados miembros sin gastos

adicionales, la Comisión Europea propuso el 24 de febrero de 2021 refundir el actual Reglamento sobre la itinerancia.El nuevo Reglamento ampliaría el régimen de «en itinerancia como en casa» durante 10 años hasta 2032. Se esperaque en marzo el Parlamento Europeo efectúe la votación en el Pleno del acuerdo temprano en segunda lecturaalcanzado en las negociaciones interinstitucionales.

De un vistazo ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

01-08-2022 Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE 140