List of Taekwondo Technique

Last edited 13 days ago by HMSLavender

List of Taekwondo techniques

Taekwondo techniques vary between schools and level and not

all techniques are included. Techniques often combined into longer set

Tul or Hyeong, again these vary from school to school.

Taekwondo hand strikes are performed as a close distance alternative

to kicks. They are executed in a number of ways - from standing,

jumping, spinning and rushing forwards. Hand strikes make up fast

combinations of strikes which can leave an opponent stunned and

unable to defend himself. Taekwondo hand strikes can be separated

into two distinct styles:

Closed hand strikes (jireugi)

Open hand techniques (chigi)

Various surfaces of the hand may be engaged as the striking surface

depending on which area of the opponents body which is being

targeted. This leads to a large array of hand positions.

Forefist - A closed fist may be jabbed out directly to strike with the

forefist knuckles. This is a suitable position for general punches to soft

areas of the body. Without protection, it is inadvisable to strike the

bony face as fingers are likely to get broken on the hard temple and

jaw bones.

Hammer fist - A closed fist may be brought down in a hammering

motion to strike with the underneath. Such a strike can obliterate an

Stances (Sogui)

Hand attacks

opponent's nose, making it near impossible for him to retaliate.

Backfist - A Son Deung clenched hand is swung backwards into the

face of an opponent. The back of the hand makes contact and the

momentum garnered in the swing makes this a powerful strike.

Spinning backfists are a knockout punch and banned in most

Taekwondo competitions.

Knife Hand - 'Sonkal' is the Taekwondo name for a move similar to

the 'Karate Chop', i.e. where an open hand is hammered down to make

impact with the underside. A Ridge Hand is the opposite, where the top

of the open hand strikes. These are commonly made to the side of the

neck.

Fingertips - Jumeok can be used to strike vulnerable areas of the

body such as pressure points. Four finger strikes engaging the tips of

the outstretched hand (known as Spear hand) can be made to vital

points in the neck.

Thumb - Eomji is a fist with the thumb protruding over the top. This

is a formidable weapon in pressure point striking. Vulnerable areas can

be targeted all over the body such as the sternum, the spaces in

between the ribs and other nerve clusters.

Palm Heel - a classic self-defence strike where the hand is pulled

back to engage the base of the palm in an upwards thrusting strike.

This is particularly dangerous if applied to the base of the nose or chin

and can result in death. Obviously banned in competition Taekwondo.

Elbow Strike (palgup chigi)- Forearm is folded inwards towards the

body and the strike is delivered with the outside of the forearm or

elbow.

Four-knuckle strike - This is a fist shape particular to the Asian

martial arts. Instead of closing the fist completely, the fingers are held

out and only the knuckles are bent, thereby presenting the upper set of

knuckles as the striking surface. This fist is used for breaking boards

as the smaller surface area concentrates the punches power. In

self-defence, it may be used to purposefully break an attacker's jaw.

Eagle strike - In this strike, the fingers all touch together, and the

hand is pointed down, exposing the top of the wrist,which is then

swung upward to strike the underside of the jaw. If done properly, this

strike can easily fracture the jawbone, and is usually banned from

competitions due to the extreme danger. If done improperly, however,

the practitioner may well break his wrist.

Tiger Claw - A strike using the space between the index finger and

thumb. Fingers are made rigid, and the attack is usually directed

towards the neck/trachea. Serves as a way to incapacitate an

opponent for a few seconds.

Pincer Hand - A strike which uses thumb and forefinger to strike

opponent's throat. In this technique a fist is closed except thumb and

forefinger which are fully extended outwards.

Scissor Finger - A fist in which forefinger and middle finger is

extended out as if to dig someone's eye. Similar to Pincer hand except

that the forefinger and middle finger is extended outwards.

Chestnut Fist - Similar to normal fist except that first three knuckles

are pushed outward slightly with thumb.

Tae Kwon Do also makes use of reverse and front elbow strikes.

Main article: Kick

Jump Spin Kick.

All kicks can be executed as jump kicks, spin kicks, jump spin kicks or

multi-rotational spin kicks. Also, all can be performed by the front or

Kicks (Chagi)

rear leg in a given stance.

Some of the best-known Taekwondo kicks include:

Front Snap Kick (앞차기 ap chagi): This is a very linear kick. The

practitioner raises the knee to the waist, pulls the toes back and

quickly extends the foot at the target. It is also known as the snap kick.

The front kick is one of the first kicks learned in TKD; if mastered it can

become one of the most powerful. This technique is more meant to be

used to push the attacker away, but can injure.

Side Thrusting Kick (옆차기 yeop chagi): A very powerful kick, first

the practitioner simultaneously raises the knee and rotates the body

90 degrees, while doing that they extend their leg. In WTF style

taekwondo, this technique should strike with the outside edge of the

foot, though using the heel may provide more force if used in sparring.

Roundhouse Kick Turning Kick or Round Kick (돌려차기 dollyeochagi): The practitioner raises the knee, turns the hips, pivots on the

non-kicking foot, and snaps the kick horizontally into the target at an

80 to 90-degree angle, either with the instep or with the ball of the

foot (in the latter case, with the toes pulled back out of the way as in a

front kick). The latter technique requires a great deal of flexibility in the

heel.

Back kick/horse kick (뒷차기 dwit chagi): Here the practitioner turns

the body away from the target and pushes the back leg straight toward

the target, hitting it with the heel while watching over the shoulder. The

turning motion helps to give this kick a lot of power. Without proper

care, you can "spin out" and lose your balance from using this attack.

Reverse Side Kick A.K.A. Spinning Side Kick (반대옆차기 bandaeyeop chagi): Similar to the back kick, here the body turns further,

allowing the heel to hit the target with the foot pointing to the side as

in a regular side kick, instead of more downward as in a true back kick.

Hook Kick (후려차기 huryeo chagi): A less popular kick traditionally,

it has found increasing favor in modern competitions. The practitioner

raises the knee in a fashion similar to the roundhouse kick, then

extends the foot outward then snaps it around in a dorsal arc, with the

heel as the intended striking weapon.

Axe Kick/Downward kick (내려차기 naeryeo chagi): Another kick that

has increased in popularity due to sparring competitions. The leg is

raised usually from the outside of the body like an outside crescent

kick. then the leg is pulled down with the heel pointed downward. It is

typically targeted toward the head, shoulder, or chest and requires

significant flexibility to employ effectively. This kick is best used

against the collar bone, which can readily break from this attack. the

setup in the initial raise of the kick can also be done from the inside, or

middle (straight up and down.)

Crescent Kick (an chagi/bakkat chagi): There are two variations of

this kick: the outer crescent and the inner crescent. In the outer, the

practitioner raises the extended leg as high as possible, and slightly up

across the body, (a bit across the centerline of the body), then

sweeping outward to the side, in a circular movement. In the inner, the

motions are the same but the direction of the kick changes, this time

originating from the outside of the body, heading towards the inside, or

centerline of the body. These kicks are also called "Inside Kick" and

"Outside Kick" at some taekwondo schools, and "Inside-Outside" and

"Outside-Inside" at others.

Spin Kicks (반대돌려차기 bandae dollyeo chagi): There are several

spinning kicks that involve the rotation of the entire body and head

before the kick is released. Spinning kicks include the back pivot kick

(dweel chagi), spinning hook kick (dweel huryeo chagi), spinning axe

kick, returning kick, 360 turning kick, and a number of other kicks of

varying popularity.

Tornado kick/360 kick/Screw kick/windmill kick (on mondollyochagi):The exponent steps forward then spins in the direction of their

back leg while raising their knee and jumping to perform a spinning

inside crescent kick in midair. the alternate version involve an initial

round or crescent kick, while the back foot pivots. rotating the body in

a 360 motion, the back foot comes up as a knee and swings across

giving the momentum for your attacking leg to do a roundhouse kick or

an inside crescent kick.

Jump Kicks (뛰어차기 ttwieo chagi):

Steven Ho: Jump Spin Hook Kick

There are also many kicks that involve jumping before their execution.

These include jumping front kick (ee dan ap chagi), jumping side kick

(이단옆차기 idan yeop chagi), flying side kick, jumping axe kick,

jumping roundhouse (ee dan dollyeo chagi), jumping spinning hook

kick, jumping spinning roundhouse kick or "shuffle jump kick," jumping

(or counter) back kick, and jump spinning side kick. Normally, jumping

kicks involve pulling up the back leg to help gain height during the

jump and then performing the kick itself with the front leg. About any

kick can be put into a Jump, a spin, or a jump-spin. flying kicks,

obvious for the name, fly in a forward motion, rather than jumping

straight up and down like a jump kick. first, for a flying kick, you must

run ( your kicking leg must be last foot to run) and run-jump into the

air doing the kick you want. usually, the side peircing kick is preferred

as a flying move.

Advanced Kicks : There are a variety of kicks that can be used in

combination or stem out from a simple kick to create more difficult

ones. Some of these include 540 Kick (One spins 1½ times in mid-air

and does a kick, usually a back spinning hook kick), a 720 Kick (One

spins 2 times in mid-air and does a kick, usually a back spinning hook

kick), and Triple Aero Kicks (One does round house kick, back spinning

hook kick, and another round house kick in mid-air).

Fast Kicks: Also, many kicks can be employed using a fast kick style.

The practitioner shuffles the back leg forward to the front leg, and the

front leg comes up and kicks closer to the enemy than the practitioner

had been before execution. This can be used with side kick,

roundhouse kick, front kick, hook kick, and axe kick.

Main article: Blocking (martial arts)

Taekwondo blocks known as Makgi are used to stop and deflect an

incoming attack. They engage various parts of the arm with the hand

and are held in different positions such as knife-hand, closed fist etc.

Each block is suitable for a particular kind of attack and may be

combined with another punch or kick to make a counter-attack.

Single Forearm Block - Wae Sun Palmok is used to deflect an attack

(usually a kick) made at the torso. Starting up near the opposite

shoulder,and the leading hand is projected down and across the body

to deflect the kick with the forearm.

Low Block - Najundi Makgi is used to defend against low attacks to

the torso or legs. This is one of the most basic Taekwondo blocks and

one of the first things a beginner will learn. The lead forearm is bent

and raised to shoulder height, snapping the arm down straight with the

palm facing the ground, which blocks any incoming low kicks.

Rising Block - Chookya Makgi is another basic Taekwondo block,

used to defend against overhead attacks to the head and shoulders.

The arm is bent and raised above the head, and the underside of the

forearm absorbs the impact of the blow, which may be painful but is

better than it connecting with your head or delicate clavicle. This block

is used to defend against Hammerfists, Axe Kicks and overhead strikes

with blunt instruments.

Palm Block - Sonbadak Naeryo Makgi is a standard block used to

deflect incoming kicks and punches. The open hand is raised up to

shoulder height and thrust directly down to meet the attackers limb.

The heel of the hand makes contact with the attacker’s forearm in case

of a punch, or shin in case of a kick. Although simple, it requires a lot

of partner training to get the timing of this Taekwondo block correct.

Knife Hand Block - The hand is kept in a knife hand position to block

attacks to the torso. As the front arms sweeps down in an arc from the

inside to the outside of the body, the back hand is simultaneously

Blocks (Makgic burat)

pulled back to the back hip and ready for a counter punch.

Double Forearm Block - This is a more advanced Taekwondo block,

designed to be used against a strong attack to the center of the body.

Standing sideways, the lead forearm blocks the attack with the fist

closed. The second arm provides further support, linking into the crook

of the arm so both forearms are at a 90 degree angle to the body.

Double Knife Hand Block - With the hands held open in the knife

hand position, a powerful kick aimed at the solar plexus can be

successfully blocked. Both hands come across the body, intersecting at

the forearms and providing a firm defence.

Nine Block - This is a black belt leveled block and the first time it is

usually used is around the black belt form.The person blocks their

chest with one hand and stomach region with the other.The shape of

the block forms a number nine when executed correctly.Both arms are

bent at a 45 degree angle as well and it leaves little space open in the

mid region of the defenders body.Your hand when this move is

executed correctly should also be above your groin on the bottom and

next to you opposite shoulder with the top hand.

Upper Block - Also known as the Ulgul Makgi. The one using the

block first keeps their fist sideways at the stomach or torso. They then

rise the fist up to their head, deflecting the attack. Any attack made at

the upper part of the body is blocked if timed correcttly using this

block.

Taekwondo patterns, also known as poomsae, teul, or hyeong

constitute an important part of Taekwondo competitions.[1] A pattern

is a series of movements linked together in a prescribed sequence.

Both basic and advanced taekwondo techniques can be contained

within a single patterns and the higher the level of the competitor, the

greater the difficulty of the techniques and the complexity of the

pattern. Competitors must perform their highest pattern in front of a

panel of judges.

There are two types of Taekwondo pattern competition:

Patterns, Poomsae, Hyung, Tul

Solo Taekwondo patterns - Performed simultaneously by two

competitors, each from an opposing club. Every competitor may

perform two patterns chosen from a range corresponding to his level -

one designated pattern and one optional pattern. The best pattern is

chosen by the judges and that competitor goes through to the next

round by a process of elimination.

Team Taekwondo patterns - Performed simultaneously by several

competitors from a club organised into a single team. Club teams

compete by performing two patterns each, one after the other. Once

one team have finished both their patterns can the competing team

then perform theirs. Again, the judges choose the best pattern to go

through to the next round.

In taekwondo tournaments, pattern competitions are generally graded

on:

Accuracy. TaeGeuk patterns should begin and end in the same place.

Posture. Practitioners must have their body weight correctly

distributed during each different stance and during footwork. Each

technique must be correctly aligned.

Realism. Taekwondo patterns are the learning ground for real

combat. As such, every technique must display the requisite speed,

power and firmness to be realistically used as an attack or defense

move.

Spirit. A competitor's 'presence' on the mat must be as credible as

his technique. Self belief, confidence in abilities, and intention to

perform to a personal best are tangible virtues considered

indispensable in Taekwondo practitioners.

Decorum. Proper manners must be displayed when interacting with

the judges directly before and after the pattern. Respect must also be

extended to rival competitors, clubs and other officials.

Form. General qualities that judges look for in any Taekwondo

practitioner include proper breathing technique and body control. The

diaphragm must be engaged in deep breathing, shallow breathing

concentrated in the upper abdomen results in raised shoulders and

stressed muscles. The muscles of the body should be lightly relaxed in

order to perform the pattern with fluidity, speed and grace. Muscles

should only be tensed at the moment of imaginary impact in order to

commute maximum power to any individual Taekwondo technique

Taekwondo self-defense is known as hosinsul and it forms one of the

four main principles of the art. The self-defense applications would be

difficult to score in sparring as they are designed primarily to cause

injury or quickly incapacitate an adversary.

In competition, self-defense techniques take the format of a

demonstration event, much like poomsae. One person is usually

designated the part of the Taekwondo practitioner, while several team

mates take the role of common street aggressors who attack from

various angles with punches, kicks and grabs common to street

brawlers. Weapons may also be used, as Taekwondo has specific

techniques for dealing with armed adversaries.

Taekwondo self-defense competition provides an opportunity for

students to display their understanding of Taekwondo self-defense

applications and the ability to put together their own team

choreography. Self-defense routines are often performed as displays

for the public, in which case there are no judges present. Many

Taekwondo clubs include self-defense in their daily routine in both WTF

and ITF.

There are two main concepts in Taekwondo self-defense. For real life

combat situations, an experienced Taekwondo practitioner is versed in

the following:

Linear (or hard) techniques

Circular (or soft) techniques

Linear Techniques

These include mostly punching, kicking, headbutts and other striking

maneuvers. Force is countered with force and all limbs are involved in

Self defense

stopping an adversary. Taekwondo kicks have a wide reach that keeps

the adversary at a distance. With proper execution opponents may be

incapacitated with a single blow, which lessens the number of attacks

in encounters with multiple people.

Circular techniques

These emphasize redirection and manipulation rather than strength.

The adversary can be manipulated into a position whereby a lock,

stranglehold and/or finishing move can be applied. Grappling

techniques are used both as a means of securing an adversary and

escaping from an adversary's grip. Soft self-defense techniques like

the stranglehold or joint lock can be used to subdue the attacker,

avoiding dealing permanent injury.

Taekwondo self-defense techniques demonstrated in competition may

include:

Pressure point applications.[2] In Taekwondo philosophy, the body

has many sensitive areas that are susceptible to precise attack. These

are known as pressure points or ji ap sul. There are three types of

pressure point that can induce one or a combination of the following:

pain, paralysis, or death. These can be targeted with gripping and/or

striking in order to immobilize or cause substantial pain to submit the

opponent.

Throws. Known as too sul, Taekwondo practitioners can divert the

opponent's force to their own advantage and throw him to the ground.

Once on the ground the practitioner has greater control over his

adversary and can follow up with subsequent controlling or finishing

techniques.

Joint Locks. Otherwise known as kwan jyel sul in Taekwondo, these

can be useful against armed attackers. Typically the attacking limb is

grabbed and then manipulated to cause immense pain in the

adversary. Joint locks can be applied on any joint in the body and are

particularly useful for controlling an opponent who has been thrown to

the ground.

Termination techniques. These are a range of strikes applied to an

opponent downed by a previous throw or strike. Powerful downward

traveling kicks and hand strikes are used to make sure the opponent

stays down.

Choking techniques. In Chil sik sul, the idea of applying a

stranglehold is to deprive the attacker's brain of either oxygenated

blood through the carotid artery and/or oxygen for the lungs through

the trachea. The Taekwondo practitioner uses leverage from his arm

and sometimes involves the attackers clothing in applying pressure to

the sensitive neck area. Choke holds are particularly dangerous and

only taught to higher level Taekwondo students, as over exertion can

crush the trachea or cause sudden death.

Freeing techniques. Paegi are taught to Taekwondo students so that

they can quickly free themselves and neutralise the danger of being

grabbed by an attacker. Competition demonstrations frequently involve

one student grabbing another from behind. The science of Taekwondo

is equally concerned with defense as attack so proper freeing

techniques must be learnt.

Like other Taekwondo competition events, self-defense is marked by a

panel of judges. When scoring they are looking at the following factors:

Aliveness. How realistic is the Taekwondo students demonstration?

Does he move with the requisite urgency and do his techniques have

the emotional content to make the judges believe in their power?

Technique. Are the Taekwondo techniques being demonstrated

precisely? Are the kicks clean, fast and strong? Are joint locks and

throws being performed accurately? Does the student have control

over his adversaries or are they making it easy for him?

Variety. What is the range of the Taekwondo practitioners

knowledge? Is he showing his understanding of liner and direct

counter-attacks? Has he performed a practical finishing technique

after each throw or lock?

Difficulty. More difficult Taekwondo techniques score higher than

simple ones if performed correctly. However, a poorly executed

technique will always score lower than a simple, effective technique

performed well; students should not be demonstrating techniques that

they have not mastered.

List of Taekwondo techniques Taekwondo techniques vary between

schools and level and not all techniques are included. Techniques often

combined into longer set Tul or Hyeong, again these vary from school

to school.

Stances (Sogi) Hand attacks Kicks (Chagi) Blocks (Makgi) Patterns,

Poomsae, Hyung, Tul Self defense BreakingEdit Breaking, the discipline

of destroying inanimate materials such as wooden boards, bats, ice or

bricks is a feature common to several Asian martial arts. It can be seen

in its oldest form within some branches of Chinese Kung Fu such as

Iron Shirt Chi Gung, where iron bars are smashed off the bare heads of

martial arts experts, typically Shaolin monks.

In Taekwondo breaking competitions, the idea is to demonstrate

power, speed and technique. The preferred object is commonly wooden

boards of varying thicknesses, advanced students break several boards

stacked one on top of the other. In Taekwondo, the hardness of the

object to be broken is usually subjugated to the difficulty of the

technique to be employed. Thus various body parts are used, such as

the ridge of the hand, the knuckles or even the fingertips. Headbutts,

knee strikes, elbow strikes and various parts of the foot are also used

to break boards. A single board or stack of boards may be broken or,

alternatively, a series of boards may be broken in a pre-set sequence

utilizing a variety of strikes. Advanced competitors may even break

several boards in a single jump with multiple kicks before landing.

In ITF Taekwondo sparring competitions, using maximum force is not

allowed. Furthermore, at advanced levels it would be seriously

injurious and possibly fatal. Breaking boards or bricks is therefore the

only safe way to test the real power of any martial arts technique

(except with fairly high-tech scientific equipment). Taekwondo

competition breaking may be roughly divided into two main categories:

Power breaking. The power of a technique is measured by breaking

single or multiple stacked boards. Stacked boards are commonly

placed on raised supports on the ground. Speed breaking. A single

board is held lightly between the fingertips of an assistant, at

advanced levels the board is tossed into the air. Regardless of the

power of a technique, if the board is not hit with the requisite speed in

the correct places it will not break. Starting with coloured belts

Taekwondo students must learn breaking. As they progress through

the ranks, the breaks they perform increase in difficulty as do the

number of boards. As time goes on, the Taekwondo student's hands

and bones become accustomed to breaking boards - repeated practice

hardens bones, skin and tendons. Wolff's law states that the human

skeleton will adapt to the stress it is put under, therefore the bones

actually become stronger as a Taekwondo student advances in his

martial arts career.

ReferencesEdit Taekwondo Forms http://www.wtf.org/wtf_eng

/site/about_taekwondo/poomsae.html http://www.kukkiwon.or.kr

/viewfront/eng/data/technique_trunk2.jsp Self Defense Pressure

Points Further readingEdit Modern Taekwondo:The Official Training

Manual, Soon Man Lee and Gaetane Ricke;Sterling Publishing

Company, Inc., New York, NY;copyright 1999 Traditional

Taekwondo:Core Techniques, History, and Philosophy, Master Doug

Cook;YMAA Publication Center, Inc.;Boston, Massachusetts;copyright

2006 Forces of Tae Kwon Do, Edward B Sell and Brenda J Sell;U.S.

Chung Do Kwan Association, Lakeland, Florida;copyright 2004 Read in

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