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ayday, also known asAir Crash Investigation(s)in theUnited Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and Asia,AirEmergencyorAir Disastersin the United States is aCanadian documentary television series produced by Cineflix that recounts air crashes, near-crashes, fires, hijackings

bombings and other mainly flight-related disasters and crises. It reveals the events that led to each crisis or disaster,their causesas determined by the official investigating body or bodies (often the American NTSB, as most aircraftinvolved are of American origin) and the measures they recommended to prevent a similar incident happening again.The programs use re-enactments, interviews, eyewitness testimony, computer-generated imagery, cockpit voicerecordingsand official reports to reconstruct sequences of events.

As of 9 May 2014, a total of 109 episodes ofMaydayhave aired, including five "Science of Disaster" specials andthree "Crash Scene Investigation" spin-offs. Season 14 ofMaydaywas announced by Cineflix in September 2013and entered production on 13 January 2014 and finishedproduction on 25 July 2014. A 15th season has beenannouncedand will contain 11 episodes, including a special.

Season Episodes

Originally aired DVD release dates

Season premiere Season finaleRegion

1

Region

2Region 4

1 6 3September 2003[1] 22 October 2003[1] TBA TBA 7 November 2012[2

2 6 23 January 2005[3] 27 February 2005 TBA TBA 7 November 2012[4

3 13 14 September 2005[5] 7 December 2005[5] TBA TBA 7 November 2012[6

4 10 15 April 2007[7] 17 June 2007[5] TBA TBA 7 November 2012[8

5 10 16 April 2007[5] 2 March 2008[5] TBA TBA 7 November 2012[9

6 3 9 April 2008[5] 11 June 2008[5] TBA TBA 7 November 2012[1

7 8 4 November 2009[11] 17 December 2009 TBA TBA 7 July 2011[12]

8 2 10 June 2009[13] 17 June 2009[13] TBA TBA 7November 2012[1

9 8 8 September 2010[15] 27 October 2010 TBA TBA 7November 2012[1

10 6 27 February 2011 28 March 2011[17] TBA TBA 7 November 2012[1

11 13 12 August 2011 13 April 2012 TBA TBA5 September 2012

[1

12 13 3 August 2012 15 April 2013 TBA TBA 14 August 2013[20]

13 10 (11) 16 December 2013 9 May 2014 TBA TBA TBA

14 10 TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA

15 11 TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA

Episodes

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Note:Episodes are ordered in production numbers, not by their original air date

Season 1 (2003)

# Title Incident Original air date

1 1 "Unlocking Disaster" United Airlines Flight 811 10 September 2003

On 24 February 1989, United Airlines Flight 811 is flying above the Pacific Ocean when part of the right-sidefuselage is ripped off, ejecting nine people from the aircraft and causing explosive decompression. The flight laterlands safely at Honolulu without any more loss of life. An electrical short circuit caused the cargo door to open,creating the explosive decompression.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 747-100

2 2 "Racing the Storm" American Airlines Flight 1420 3 September 2003

On 1 June 1999, American Airlines Flight 1420 tries to land at the Little Rock National Airport during a storm, but

overruns the runway, killing eleven people. The crash was caused by the crew not arming the spoilers during theirpre-landing checks.

Type of aircraft: McDonnell Douglas MD-82

3 3 "Fire on Board" Swissair Flight 111 22 October 2003

On 2 September 1998, a fire breaks out on Swissair Flight 111 while in-flight, damaging vital systems and causingthe aircraft to crash into the sea off Peggys Cove with no survivors. The fire was caused by faulty wiring in theonboard first and business class entertainment system.

Type of aircraft: McDonnell Douglas MD-11

4 4 "Flying Blind" Aeroper Flight 603 17 September 2003

On 2 October 1996, shortly after take off, the crew of Aeroper Flight 603 is confused by false speed and altitudereadings and contradictory warnings from the aircraft's air data system. In preparation for an emergency landing, thecrew descend the aircraft, but unknowingly descend too far by relying on the false readings. The Boeing 757 crasheinto water, killing everyone on board. The false readings and contradictory warnings were caused by duct tape overthe static ports; the duct tape was used to protect the ports during maintenance, but was not removed afterwards.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 757-200

5 5 "Cutting Corners" Alaska Airlines Flight 261 15 October 2003

On 31 January 2000, Alaska Airlines Flight 261's trimmable horizontal stabilizer jams and breaks free from itscontrol system. The aircraft dives inverted into the Pacific Ocean, causing the death of all on board. The stabilizerfailed due to an improperly maintained jack-screw assembly.

Type of aircraft: McDonnell Douglas MD-83

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6 6 "Flying on Empty" Air Transat Flight 236 8 October 2003

On 24 August 2001, Air Transat Flight 236 runs out of fuel while flying over the Atlantic Ocean. The pilots of theaircraft glide it to a safe landing on a runway at a naval base on an island in the Azores. The fuel starvation wascaused by improper maintenance work which allowed a hydraulic oil pipe and a fuel pipe to rub together, resulting inthe fracture of the fuel pipe and consequent leak.

Type of aircraft: Airbus A330-200

Season 2 (2004)

# Title Incident Original air date

7 1 "Blow Out" British Airways Flight 5390 23 January 2005

On 10 June 1990, on British Airways Flight 5390, the cockpit window blows out, partially ejecting the captainthrough the hole. A member of the cabin crew clings to his legs as the co-pilot completes an emergency landing. Thecaptain is found to be still alive after being outside the cockpit for 21 minutes. The window blow-out was caused bya maintenance worker installing incorrectly sized bolts during maintenance work.

Type of aircraft: BAC 1-11 528FL

8 2 "A Wounded Bird" Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 529 30 January 2005

On 21 August 1995, Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 529 is climbing to its cruising altitude when a blade on the leftside propeller comes off. The imbalance of the rotating propeller causes the engine to partly tear itself from itsmounting, creating excessive drag. The aircraft rapidly loses altitude and crashes, killing nine people. Metal fatigue inthe propeller blade caused its failure.

Type of aircraft: Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia

9 3 "The Killing Machine" Air France Flight 8969 6 February 2005

On 24 December 1994, Air France Flight 8969 is hijacked on the ground at Algiers Airport. The terrorists demandthe aircraft be allowed to depart for Paris so they can blow up the aircraft over the Eiffel Tower, but the AlgerianArmy blocks the aircraft with vehicles and refuse to allow it to take off. Unable to carry out their plans, the terroristskill three passengers over the next two days. The aircraft is then cleared to take off, but the crew divert to Marseille

Provence Airport. The hostage rescue team of the French Gendarmerie storms the aircraft, and after a gun battle inthe cabin, the four hijackers are killed and everyone else is evacuated. It is described as "one of the most successfulanti-terrorist operations in history."

Type of aircraft: Airbus A300B2

10 4 "Deadly Crossroads" berlingen mid-air collision 13 February 2005

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On 1 July 2002, Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937 collides with DHL Flight 611 in German airspace near berlingen.Flight 2937 is destroyed instantly and the DHL cargo aircraft crashes shortly afterwards, killing all 71 people in thetwo aircraft. The crew of Flight 611 followed the on-board traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) instructions toinitiate a descent; while the crew of Flight 2937 followed the instructions of the air traffic controller instead of theirTCAS and initiated a descent as well. Only one air traffic controller was on duty for that block of airspace at the timof the collision; his colleague, who was also meant to be on duty, was resting instead.

Type of aircraft: Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937: Tupolev Tu-154M, DHL Flight 611: Boeing 757-200PF11 5 "Lost" American Airlines Flight 965 20 February 2005

On 20 December 1995, American Airlines Flight 965 is en route to Cali, Colombia. The crew are asked if theywould like to perform a straight-in approach to Cali. The pilots accept the offer, but as they are making thenecessary changes, they inadvertently remove the waypoints from the flight plan in their flight management system(FMS), causing them to become unsure of their exact position. The crew's mistakes lead them to fly the aircraft intoa 9,000 foot mountain near Buga. Only four passengers and a dog survive.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 757-200

12 6 "Missing Over New York" Avianca Flight 52 27 February 2005

On 25 January 1990, Avianca Flight 52, a flight to New York from Colombia, is delayed numerous times by badweather en route and is dangerously low on fuel as it attempts a landing. Wind shear forces the crew to abort theapproach just one mile from the runway. They initiate a go-around, but are directed back into a holding pattern by atraffic controllers unaware of the low-fuel situation. The Boeing 707 then runs out of fuel, causing it to crash in LongIsland near New York.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 707-320B

Season 3 (2005)

Note:This was the first season produced in High-definition, according to Cineflix

# Title Incident Original air date

13 1 "Hanging by a Thread" Aloha Airlines Flight 243 14 September 2005

On 28 April 1988, Aloha Airlines Flight 243 is en route from Hilo to Honolulu in Hawaii when the upper half of the

front fuselage is torn off, blowing out a flight attendant. The aircraft subsequently lands safely at Kahului, Maui. Thefuselage failed from corrosion damage and metal fatigue.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 737-200

14 2 "Attack Over Baghdad" 2003 Baghdad DHL attempted shootdown incident 21 September 2005

On 22 November 2003, a European Air Transport Airbus A300 operating on behalf of DHL is climbing away fromBaghdad International Airport when the left wing explodes, causing a massive loss of hydraulic fluid whichimmobilises the flight control surfaces. The crew fly the aircraft by changing the engines' thrust for control; and make

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a safe landing sixteen minutes later. A surface-to-air missile had been launched at the aircraft.

Type of aircraft: Airbus A300F4-203

15 3 "Out of Control" Japan Airlines Flight 123 28 September 2005

On 12 August 1985, the rear pressure bulkhead bursts on a Boeing 747SR operating as Japan Airlines Flight 123,destroying the vertical stabilizer and severing all four of the aircraft's hydraulic systems. The crew manage to keep thaircraft flying for 32 minutes until it clips Mount Osutaka and crashes, killing all but 4 people out of the 524passengers and crew aboard.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 747SR

16 4 "Fight for Your Life" FedEx Flight 705 5 October 2005

On 7 April 1994, Auburn Calloway, a disgruntled employee, attempts to hijack FedEx Flight 705 armed withhammers and a speargun. Despite sustaining serious injuries, the crew successfully subdue Calloway and returned thaircraft safely to Memphis International Airport.

Type of aircraft: McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30

17 5 "Bomb on Board" Philippine Airlines Flight 434 12 October 2005

On 11 December 1994, a bomb explodes on Philippine Airlines Flight 434 on the second leg of a service fromManila to Tokyo via Cebu City; killing a passenger, injuring many and damaging some of the aircraft's controlsystems. The crew successfully land the aircraft at Naha Airport in Okinawa. Ramzi Yousef, a terrorist, smuggled thbomb aboard the aircraft on the first leg of its flight.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 747-200B

18 6 "Mistaken Identity" Iran Air Flight 655 19 October 2005

On 3 July 1988, during the IranIraq War, the USS Vincenneslaunches missiles which bring down Iran Air Flight655, killing all 290 people on board. The crew of the Vincennesclaimed that, despite its high-tech equipment, itmistook the airliner for an Iranian Air Force Grumman F-14 Tomcat fighter. Iran believes that the US deliberatelyshot down its civilian airliner.

Type of aircraft: Airbus A300B2-200

19 7 "Helicopter Down" Bristow Flight 56C 26 October 2005

On 19 January 1995, the crew of Bristow Flight 56C is forced to perform an emergency autorotation to a ditching inthe sea after lightning damages the tail rotor of their helicopter. Despite the rough sea conditions, the sixteen oil rigworkers and pilots are rescued by nearby ships.

Type of aircraft: Arospatiale AS 332L Super Puma

20 8 "Death and Denial" EgyptAir Flight 990 2 November 2005

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On 31 October 1999, EgyptAir Flight 990 from New York to Cairo, Egypt, dives out of the sky and crashes intothe ocean, killing 217 people. The cause of the crash is disputed: the Egyptian government claims mechanical failureassociated with the elevator controls caused the crash, while the US government claims the aircraft was deliberatelycrashed by the Relief First Officer Gameel Al-Batouti in a suicide/homicide.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 767-300ER

21 9 "Runaway Train" San Bernardino train disaster 30 November 2005

On 12 May 1989, a 69-car freight train goes out of control while descending from California's Cajon Pass. It derailsin a residential neighborhood of San Bernardino after reaching speeds in excess of 100 miles per hour (160 km/h).Two residents and two train crew are killed in the initial crash. More than a week later, an underground gasolinepipelinedamaged by earth-moving equipment during the post-crash cleanupruptures and sparks a fire that killsanother two people. A clerical error had caused the train's weight to be greatly underestimated, and it had beenassembled without enough locomotives to provide adequate braking. Additionally, several of the engines hadcompletely inoperable brakes, but this information was not passed on to the crews.

Note:This is a Crash Scene Investigationepisode

Type of train: Sixty-nine freight cars pulled by six locomotives (freight train)

22 10 "Kid in the Cockpit" Aeroflot Flight 593 9 November 2005

On 23 March 1994, Aeroflot Flight 593 is en route to Hong Kong when it stalls and crashes, killing 75 people. Thepilot's 15-year-old son accidentally disabled the autopilot while in the captain's seat, causing the aircraft to bankheavily to the right and creating the stall.

Type of aircraft: Airbus A310-300

23 11 "Collision Course" The MSExpress Saminasinking 23 November 2005

On 26 September 2000, waves push the MSExpress Saminaoff course, causing it to hit a group of rocks offParos and sink, killing 80 people. The ferry was on autopilot with the crew not monitoring the ship's course. Insteadthey were watching an association football match.

Note:This is a Crash Scene Investigationepisode

Type of ship: Passenger ferry (MSExpress Samina)

24 12 "Head On Collision" Hinton train collision 16 November 2005

On 8 February 1986, a Via Rail passenger train and a 118-car Canadian National Railway freight train collide, killin23 people. The freight train crew did not stop at a red railway signal on a section of a passing loop, possibly becausthey were asleep.

Note:This is a Crash Scene Investigationepisode

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Type of train: Via Rail passenger train (FP9A and F9B locomotives); 118-car freight train (one EMD GP38-2 andtwo EMD SD40 locomotives)

25 13 "Ocean Landing" Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 7 December 2005

On 23 November 1996, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 is forced to ditch after running out of fuel. The aircraft breaksup as the wings hit the water, killing 125 people. The aircraft had been hijacked and ran out of fuel because thehijackers did not believe the pilot's insistence that there was not enough fuel aboard to make it to the hijackers'

planned destination, Australia.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 767-200ER

Season 4 (2006)

# Title Incident(s)Original air

date

26 1 "Desperate Escape" Air France Flight 358 15 April 2007

On 2 August 2005, Air France Flight 358 overruns the runway while attempting to land in a storm. The Airbus A34travels through the airport perimeter fence into a small ravine and catches fire. The causes of the crash were theaircraft deviating above the required approach path for its landing and touching down too far along the runway; andthe crew deploying the thrust reversers too slowly. All 309 passengers and crew survived.

Type of aircraft: Airbus A340-300

27 2"Falling from theSky"

British Airways Flight 9 22 April 2007

On 24 June 1982, British Airways Flight 9 experiences St. Elmo's fire en route from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia toPerth, Australia. A few minutes later, all four engines flame out. After descending, the crew successfully restart theengines and land safely. The St. Elmo's fire and engine flame outs were caused by volcanic ash spewed byGalunggung in Indonesia during a major eruption.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 747-200B

28 3 "Fire Fight" Air Canada Flight 797 29 April 2007

On 2 June 1983, a fire breaks out on Air Canada Flight 797 in the aircraft's toilet. An emergency landing is made inCincinnati, but the aircraft is engulfed by flames on the runway, killing 23 people. The opening of the aircraft's doorsafter the landing caused a flashover.

Type of aircraft: McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32

29 4 "Final Approach" Korean Air Flight 801 6 May 2007

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On 6 August 1997, the crew of Korean Air Flight 801 is unable to see the runway during final approach for a nightlanding in Guam. They initiate a missed approach, but then the aircraft flies into a low hill, killing 228 people. Acombination of pilot error and the instrument landing system at Guam airport being temporarily out of service formaintenance work were blamed.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 747-300

30 5 "Hidden Danger" United Airlines Flight 585, USAir Flight 427 and Eastwind AirlinesFlight 517 13 May 2007

On 3 March 1991, a Boeing 737 operating United Airlines Flight 585 is on approach to land when it suddenly rollsinto a dive and crashes within eight seconds, killing 25 people. On 8 September 1994, USAir Flight 427 is anotherBoeing 737 on approach to land when it rolls and crashes within thirty seconds, killing 132 people. On 9 June 1996Eastwind Airlines Flight 517 is another Boeing 737 that unexpectedly rolls in similar circumstances, but the crewsuccessfully regain control of the aircraft and land safely. The cause of all three incidents was the rudder experiencinga "hardover" (suddenly going to full deflection) and jamming due to thermal shock of the hydraulic control valve.

Type of aircraft: Flight 585: Boeing 737-200; Flight 427: Boeing 737-300; Flight 517: Boeing 737-200

31 6"Panic over thePacific"

China Airlines Flight 006 20 May 2007

On 19 February 1985, China Airlines Flight 006's number four (right-side outer) engine flames out. As the crew tryto restart the engine, the Boeing 747SP stalls and enters into a spin. The crew successfully regain control, restart theengine and land safely at San Francisco International Airport. The incident was caused by pilot error.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 747SP

32 7 "Out of Sight" 1986 Cerritos mid-air collision 27 May 2007

On 31 August 1986, Aeromxico Flight 498, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, and a light aircraft collide over Cerritos,California, causing both to go out of control and crash, killing 82 people. The accident was caused by neither pilotmaking visual contact with the other aircraft; and a lack of automated collision-warning systems. The crash inspiresthe creation of the traffic collision avoidance system.

Type of aircraft: Aeromxico Flight 498: McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32; light aircraft: Piper PA-28-181 Archer

33 8 "Fog of War" 1996 Croatia USAF CT-43 crash 3 June 2007

On 3 April 1996, while attempting to land at Dubrovnik Airport in Croatia during a heavy fog, a United States AirForce Boeing CT-43 strays off course and flies into a mountain. All 35 people on board are killed, including theUnited States Secretary of Commerce, Ron Brown. The non-precision approach procedure the crew needed tofollow required the use of two automatic direction finders, but the aircraft was only fitted with one.

Type of aircraft: Boeing CT-43

34 9 "Vertigo" Flash Airlines Flight 604 10 June 2007

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On 3 January 2004, Flash Airlines Flight 604 banks to the right just after take-off and crashes into the Red Sea,killing 148 people. The cause of this disaster is disputed and suggested to be spatial disorientation on the part of theflight crew.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 737-300

35 10 "Ghost Plane" Helios Airways Flight 522 17 June 2007

On 14 August 2005, air traffic controllers lose radio contact with Helios Airways Flight 522. Two fighters from theHellenic Air Force intercept and investigate the flight and find all but one person on board not moving. A fewmoments later, the aircraft runs out of fuel and crashes, killing 121 people. An incorrect setting on the cabinpressurization panel caused the pilots and everyone else on board to succumb to hypoxia.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 737-300

Season 5 (2007)

# Title Incident(s)Original air

date

36 1 "Invisible Killer" Delta Air Lines Flight 191 7 May 2008

On 2 August 1985, Delta Airlines Flight 191 crash lands while on approach to the Dallas-Fort Worth InternationalAirport, killing eight of 11 crew members and 128 of the 152 passengers on board; plus one person on the ground.This accident was one of the few commercial air crashes in which the meteorological phenomenon known asmicroburst-induced wind shear was a direct contributing factor.

Type of aircraft: Lockheed L-1011-1 Tristar37 2 "Gimli Glider" Gimli Glider 14 May 2008

On 23 July 1983, Air Canada Flight 143 runs out of fuel at 41,000 feet (12,500m) altitude, about halfway through iflight from Montreal to Edmonton. The crew is able to glide the aircraft safely to an emergency landing at GimliIndustrial Park Airport, a former airbase at Gimli, Manitoba. An unserviceable fuel gauge and an error in convertingbetween metric and non-metric units caused the aircraft to be loaded with insufficient fuel prior to flight.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 767-200

38 3 "Behind Closed Doors"American Airlines Flight 96 and Turkish Airlines Flight

98116 April 2008[2

On 12 June 1972, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10 just a few months old, operating as American Airlines Flight 96from Detroit, Michigan to Buffalo, New York, suffers an explosive decompression after a cargo door in the lowerrear fuselage bursts open. The crew make an emergency landing at Detroit, Michigan without any loss of life. Twoyears later, on 3 March 1974, Turkish Airlines Flight 981 suffers a similar sequence of events during a flight fromParis to London. This time, the DC-10's hydraulic systems are damaged enough that the crew lose control; and the

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aircraft crashes in a forest near Senlis outside Paris, killing all 346 on board. At the time, it was the worst aviationdisaster in history. A design fault with the cargo door mechanism was not rectified after the first accident and thesecond DC-10's door opened in flight, causing the crash.

Type of aircraft: McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10 (both aircraft)

39 4 "Fanning the Flames" South African Airways Flight 295 21 May 2008

On 28 November 1987, South African Airways Flight 295 starts filling with smoke high above the Indian Oceanafter a fire breaks out in the rear main deck cargo area of the Boeing 747 combined passenger/cargo aircraft(Combi); it crashes with no survivors. The exact cause of the crash is still unknown.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 747-200 Combi

40 5 "Dead Weight" Air Midwest Flight 5481 30 April 2008[2

On 8 January 2003, Air Midwest Flight 5481 crashes into an aircraft hangar at Charlotte/Douglas InternationalAirport seconds after take-off on a flight to Greenville. All 21 people on board die and one person on the ground isinjured. Investigation showed that the pilots' controls had been improperly adjusted during maintenance, and that theaircraft was overloaded due to outdated formulae for calculation of passenger weights.

Type of aircraft: Beechcraft 1900D

41 6 "Southern Storm" Southern Airways Flight 242 23 April 2008[2

On 4 April 1977, Southern Airways Flight 242 is a flight from Huntsville, Alabama to Atlanta, Georgia. It fliesthrough a severe thunderstorm and is hit by large hailstones. Both engines of the DC-9-31 fail and the aircraft makesan emergency landing on a highway in New Hope, Paulding County, Georgia. However, it collides with a gas stationand explodes, killing 62 people on board and eight on the ground; two more die later of injuries sustained during thecrash.

Type of aircraft: McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31

42 7"Air India: ExplosiveEvidence"

Air India Flight 182 9 April 2008[21

On 23 June 1985, Air India Flight 182 explodes in mid-air and disintegrates over the coast of Ireland, killing all 329passengers and crew. Investigators discovered that a bomb from Sikh militant group Babbar Khalsa caused the

explosion.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 747-200B

43 8 "Mixed Signals" Birgenair Flight 301 4 June 2008

On 6 February 1996, Birgenair Flight 301 is scheduled to fly from Puerto Plata to Frankfurt. On takeoff, the captainfinds that his airspeed indicator (ASI) is not reading properly, though the co-pilot's ASI is showing the correct speedthe aircraft subsequently crashes in the Atlantic Ocean. The pilots became confused and believed that both ASIs

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were malfunctioning, leading to loss of control of the aircraft; all 13 crew members and 176 passengers died. Thecause of the disaster was believed to be a wasp that built a nest in one of the aircraft's pitot tubes, which wasincorrectly left uncovered during the aircraft's extended stay at Puerto Plata airport.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 757-200

44 9 "Fatal Distraction" Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 28 May 2008

On 29 December 1972, Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 is on a flight to Miami International Airport. While makingpreparations to land, the crew is distracted by a faulty landing gear indicator light and accidentally disengage theautopilot while trying to resolve the problem. The aircraft descends until it crashes into the Everglades. Flying at nighthe crew failed to notice their descent until only seconds before hitting the ground; 101 people died, while 75survived.

Type of aircraft: Lockheed L-1011-1 Tristar

45 10 "Phantom Strike" Gol Transportes Areos Flight 1907 11 June 2008

On 29 September 2006, Gol Transportes Areos Flight 1907 and a brand-new Embraer Legacy business jet(registeredN600XL) on its delivery flight collide in mid-air over the Amazon rainforest. The Boeing 737 commercialflight crashes into the Amazon, but the Legacy manages to make a safe landing at an air base. All 154 people on theGol jet die. Air traffic controllers had cleared both aircraft to fly at the same altitude in opposite directions; and thetransponder of the Legacy had either failed or had been switched off, making both aircrafts traffic collisionavoidance systems useless in preventing the collision.

Type of aircraft: Gol Transportes Areos Flight 1907: Boeing 737-800;N600XL: Embraer Legacy 600

Season 6 (2007) Special

Season 6 ofMaydaywas the first Science of Disasterseason, consisting of three episodes.

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# Title Incidents Original air date

46 1 "Ripped Apart"

BOAC Flight 781South African Airways Flight 201

Aloha Airlines Flight 243British Airways Flight 5390United Airlines Flight 811Helios Airways Flight 522

16 December 2007

This special looked at accidents and incidents where pressurization failure or explosive decompression played a par

Types of aircraft: Flights 781 and 201: de Havilland DH.106 Comet 1; Flight 243: Boeing 737-200; Flight 5390:BAC 1-11 528FL; Flight 811: Boeing 747-100; Flight 522: Boeing 737-300

47 2 "Fatal Flaw"

Alaska Airlines Flight 261Japan Airlines Flight 123

Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 529Swissair Flight 111

United Airlines Flight 585USAir Flight 427

Eastwind Airlines Flight 517

16 December 2007

This special looked at accidents caused by seemingly minor defects or errors

Types of aircraft: Flight 261: McDonnell Douglas MD-83; Flight 123: Boeing 747SR; Flight 529: Embraer EMB120 Brasilia; Flight 111: McDonnell Douglas MD-11; Flight 585: Boeing 737-200; Flight 427: Boeing 737-300;Flight 517: Boeing 737-200

48 3 "Who's Flying the Plane?"

Aeroper Flight 603China Airlines Flight 006

Aeroflot Flight 593Flash Airlines Flight 604Air Transat Flight 236

2 March 2008

This special looked at accidents and incidents where problems with the interface between crew members andonboard avionics were a factor; and the causes of those problems

Types of aircraft: Flight 603: Boeing 757-200; Flight 006: Boeing 747SP; Flight 593: Airbus A310-300; Flight604: Boeing 737-300; Flight 236: Airbus A330-200

Season 7 (2008)

# Title Incident Original air date

49 1 "Scratching the Surface" China Airlines Flight 611 18 November 2009

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On 25 May 2002, China Airlines Flight 611 disintegrates in mid-air and crashes into the Taiwan Strait just 20minutes after taking off from Taipei, killing 225 people. A faulty repair to the lower rear skin of the aircraft more tha20 years earlier following a tailstrike had caused the entire tail section to weaken and fail.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 747-200B

50 2 "Lockerbie Disaster" Pan Am Flight 103 17 December 2009

On 21 December 1988, Pan Am Flight 103 explodes in mid-air and the wreckage of the 747 falls on and around thScottish town of Lockerbie, killing 270 people on board and on the ground. A terrorist bomb had caused the in-flight breakup.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 747-100

51 3 "Blown Apart" Partnair Flight 394 11 November 2009

On 8 September 1989, Partnair Flight 394 dives into the North Sea, killing 55 people. The investigation showed thathe vertical stabilizer of the aircraft had vibrated loose in flight due to sub-standard connecting bolts that had been

fraudulently sold as aircraft-grade.

Type of aircraft: Convair 580

52 4 "Sight Unseen" Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision 11 November 2009

On 12 November 1996, Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight 763 and Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907 collide in mid-airnear New Delhi, India, killing 349 people. Failure of the Kazakhstan Airlines crew to maintain the altitude assignedby air traffic control was the cause of the crash.

Type of aircraft: Saudia Flight 763: Boeing 747-100B; Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907: Ilyushin Il-76

53 5 "Operation Babylift" 1975 Tan Son Nhut C-5 accident 4 November 2009

On 4 April 1975, a United States Air Force transport aircraft conducting the inaugural flight of Operation Babyliftsuffers explosive decompression when the rear cargo door fails; and crashes into a paddy field while attempting anemergency landing at Tan Son Nhut air base in South Vietnam. The investigation found that parts had been removedfrom the rear cargo doors and improperly replaced.

Type of aircraft: Lockheed C-5A Galaxy

54 6 "Falling Fast" Tuninter Flight 1153 9 December 2009

On 6 August 2005, Tuninter Flight 1153 runs out of fuel and ditches into the Mediterranean Sea, killing 16 people. Iran out of fuel because a fuel gauge for a different type of aircraft had been installed, misleading the crew about howmuch fuel was on board.

Type of aircraft: ATR 72-200

55 7 "Flight 574: Lost" Adam Air Flight 574 16 December 2009

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On 1 January 2007, Adam Air Flight 574 crashes into the Makassar Strait, killing 102 people. The crewinadvertently disengaged the autopilot while trying to fix a problem with the aircraft's inertial reference system,causing it to roll into an uncontrolled dive and break up in flight.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 737-400

56 8 "Frozen in Flight" American Eagle Flight 4184 16 December 2009

On 31 October 1994, American Eagle Flight 4184 falls out of the sky, killing 68 people. The crash was caused byice developing on the wing in a manner that the onboard de-icing system could not remove.

Type of aircraft: ATR 72-200

Season 8 (2009) Special

Season 8 ofMaydayis the second Science of Disasterseason, consisting of two episodes.

# Title Incidents Original air date

57 1 "System Breakdown"

1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision1986 Cerritos mid-air collision

Avianca Flight 52Gol Transportes Areos Flight 1907

berlingen mid-air collision

10 June 2009

This special looked at the role of air traffic controllers in the airline industry and examines the Next Generation AirTransportation System, a new technology meant to eliminate mid-air collisions by reducing overall dependence on

radar and radio, as well as delegating some of the air traffic controllers' tasks to computers on board each aircraft.

Types of aircraft: Grand Canyon collision: Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation and Douglas DC-7; Cerritoscollision: McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 and Piper PA-28-181 Archer; Flight 52: Boeing 707-320B; GolTransportes Areos collision: Boeing 737-800 and Embraer Legacy 600; berlingen collision: Tupolev Tu-154Mand Boeing 757-200PF

58 2 "Cruel Skies"

Southern Airways Flight 242Delta Air Lines Flight 191

American Airlines Flight 1420

British Airways Flight 9

17 June 2009

This special looked at the role of bad weather in disasters and examines the US Aviation Weather Centre in KansasCity, Missouri to see how information on weather is transmitted to pilots in the sky.

Types of aircraft: Flight 242: McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32; Flight 191: Lockheed L-1011-1 Tristar; Flight 1420:McDonnell Douglas MD-82; Flight 9: Boeing 747-200B

Season 9 (2009)

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# Title Incident(s) Original air date

59 1 "Panic on the Runway" British Airtours Flight 28M 1 March 2010

On 22 August 1985, an engine of British Airtours Flight 28M fails during takeoff, puncturing a hole in the wing fueltank and starting a fire. The crew successfully abandon the takeoff and stop the aircraft on the runway, but the firespreads to the cabin; 55 people die before they can evacuate, mainly due to inhaling toxic smoke. The investigationfound that fatigue of a part in the engine caused it to fail.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 737-200

60 2 "Alarming Silence" Northwest Airlines Flight 255 15 March 2010

On 16 August 1987, Northwest Airlines Flight 255 stalls as it lifts off from Detroit Metropolitan Airport and crashesjust beyond the runway, killing 154 of the 155 people on board; two people on the ground are also killed. Theinvestigation showed that the pilots failed to configure the aircraft's flaps and slats for takeoff.

Type of aircraft: McDonnell Douglas MD-82

61 3 "Pilot vs. Plane" Air France Flight 296 8 March 2010

On 26 June 1988, Air France Flight 296 fails to climb and crashes into trees after performing a flyby during anairshow at Mulhouse-Habsheim Airport, killing three people. The cause of this crash remains in dispute.

Type of aircraft: Airbus A320-100

62 4 "Cleared for Disaster" USAir Flight 1493 22 March 2010

On 1 February 1991, USAir Flight 1493 collides with a waiting SkyWest Airlines aircraft on the runway, killing 34people. An air traffic controller mistakenly assigned the inbound Flight 1493 to land on a runway where SkyWestFlight 5569 was waiting to take off.

Type of aircraft: Flight 1493: Boeing 737-300; Flight 5569: Fairchild Metro III

63 5 "Target is Destroyed" Korean Air Lines Flight 007 29 March 2010

In the early hours of 1 September 1983, during the Cold War, Korean Air Lines Flight 007 is shot down afterviolating Soviet Union airspace. The crew did not select the autopilot to the correct mode following take off, which

caused the aircraft to deviate from its assigned flight path.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 747-200B

64 6 "Cold Case" Air Ontario Flight 1363 and USAir Flight 405 12 April 2010

On 10 March 1989, Air Ontario Flight 1363 crashes just after take off, killing 24 people. Three years later, on 22March 1992, USAir Flight 405 also crashes just after take off in similar conditions to Flight 1363. The cause of thecrashes was ice on the wings, which significantly reduced lift.

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Type of aircraft: Flight 1363: Fokker F28-1000; Flight 405: Fokker F28-4000

65 7 "The Final Blow" Air Inter Flight 148 5 April 2010

On 20 January 1992, Air Inter Flight 148 flies into a peak in the Vosges Mountains while circling to land atStrasbourg Airport, killing 87 people. An error made in programing the aircraft's autopilot, combined with a suddenwind change, caused it to descend more rapidly than expected.

Type of aircraft: Airbus A320-100

66 8 "Cracks in the System" Chalk's Ocean Airways Flight 101 19 April 2010

On 19 December 2005, just seconds after take off from Miami, Florida, the right wing of Chalk's Ocean AirwaysFlight 101 breaks off and the aircraft crashes into the sea, killing 20 people. The cause was found to be metal fatigueand poor maintenance.

Type of aircraft: Grumman G-73T Turbine Mallard

Season 10 (2010)

# Title Incident Original air date

67 1 "Cockpit Failure" Crossair Flight 3597 12 March 2011

On 24 November 2001, Crossair Flight 3597 crashes into a hill during final approach to Zurich, killing 24 of the 33passengers and crew on board. The cause of the crash was the pilot descending the aircraft below the minimum safe

altitude for the approach.[22]

Type of aircraft: British Aerospace 146

68 2 "The Heathrow Enigma" British Airways Flight 38 7 March 2011

On 17 January 2008, British Airways Flight 38 is on its final approach to land, when the autothrottles commandincreased thrust from the engines. The engines do not respond to the control inputs and remain at idle. The captainraises one notch of flaps, to give the aircraft a few more feet of flying distance; it crash-lands just short of the runwaywithout causing any fatalities. The fuel flow to both engines was restricted because of ice crystals causing a blockagein the fuel-oil heat exchangers.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 777-200ER

69 3 "Pilot Betrayed" Scandinavian Airlines Flight 751 28 March 2011

On 27 December 1991, Scandinavian Airlines Flight 751 crash-lands without loss of life in Gottrra moments aftertaking off; after both of the engines fail. Clear ice from the tops of the wings had been sucked into both engines,causing internal damage. An automatic system (of which the pilots were unaware) to increase the engines' thrustcontributed to their failure.

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Type of aircraft: McDonnell Douglas MD-81

70 4 "Dead Tired" Colgan Air Flight 3407 21 March 2011

On 12 February 2009, Colgan Air Flight 3407 stalls at low altitude and dives into a residential area near Buffalo,New York; all on board and one person on the ground are killed. Several critical errors made by the flight crewmight have been the result of their fatigue.

Type of aircraft: Bombardier Q400

71 5 "Hudson River Runway" US Airways Flight 1549 14 March 2011

On 15 January 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 suffers a bird strike with a flock of Canada geese approximately 1.5minutes after taking off from LaGuardia Airport in New York. Both engines fail and less than two minutes later, thecrew successfully ditch the aircraft in the Hudson River.

Type of aircraft: Airbus A320-200

72 6 "Who's In Control?" Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 28 February 2011

On 25 February 2009, Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 is on approach to land at Schiphol in Amsterdam when it stallsand crashes 1.5 kilometers from the runway. Nine people, including the three cockpit crew, are killed. A faulty radaaltimeter caused the aircraft's flight control computer to automatically reduce engine thrust prematurely and the flightcrew failed to notice the resulting drop in airspeed until it was too late.

Type of aircraft: Boeing 737-800

Season 11 (2011)

# Title Incident Original air date

73 1 "Deadly Reputation" TAM Airlines Flight 3054 12 August 2011

On 17 July 2007, TAM Airlines Flight 3054 careens off runway 35L at Brazil's Congonhas Airport, crashes at highspeed into a warehouse adjacent to a filling station and explodes. A total of 199 people on board the aircraft and onthe ground are killed. Incorrect engine throttle settings upon landing caused one engine to reverse thrust while theother increased power, resulting in the loss of control.

Type of aircraft: Airbus A320-200

74 2 "The Plane That Flew Too High" West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 19 August 2011

On 16 August 2005, West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 stalls while cruising and crashes in rural Venezuela duringa severe thunderstorm. Investigations revealed there were no faults with the engines; pilot error led to the stall whichwas misinterpreted by the crew, who took no recovery action until it was too late.

Type of aircraft:McDonnell Douglas MD-82

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75 3 "Split Decision" Arrow Air Flight 1285 26 August 2011

On 12 December 1985, Arrow Air Flight 1285, carrying troops of the US Army's 101st Airborne Division, stallsand crashes just seconds after taking off from Gander International Airport in Canada, killing all 256 people onboard. The cause of the crash remains disputed.

Type of aircraft:Douglas DC-8-63CF

76 4 "Breakup Over Texas" Continental Express Flight 2574 29 December 2011

On 11 September 1991, Continental Express Flight 2574 is nearing the end of its intra-state flight from Laredo,Texas to Houston. As the pilots are preparing to land, the aircraft tips into a dive and falls out of the sky as the leftwing tears apart; all 14 people on board die. Improper maintenance caused a section of the horizontal stabilizer tobreak loose in flight, after which the pilots had no control.

Type of aircraft:Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia

77 5 "Munich Air Disaster" The Munich air disaster 29 December 2011

On 6 February 1958, British European Airways Flight 609, carrying members of the famed Manchester Unitedassociation football team, club officials and journalists, crashes into a house about 300 meters from the end of therunway in Munich after it fails to become airborne, killing 23 of the 44 people on board. The cause of the crash wasslush on the runway, which slowed the aircraft down and prevented it from reaching takeoff speed.

Type of aircraft:Airspeed Ambassador

78 6 "Turning Point" Northwest Airlines Flight 85 29 December 2011

On 9 October 2002, Northwest Airlines Flight 85 is cruising above the Bering Sea when the lower rudder segmentsuddenly deflects to the left. The pilots divert the aircraft to a successful emergency landing at Anchorage, Alaska byusing engine thrust for control. The cause was attributed to a fatigue failure of the rudder hydraulic control module,resulting in part of the module's metal casing breaking off.

Type of aircraft:Boeing 747-400

79 7 "Bad Attitude" Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509 20 January 2012

On 22 December 1999, Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509, en route from London Stansted Airport to Milan, Italy,

crashes into a field about 55 seconds after taking off, killing all four crew members on board. The causes of the craswere the captain following the indications of a malfunctioning attitude indicator and lack of communication amongstthe crew.

Type of aircraft:Boeing 747-200F

80 8 "Blind Spot" PSA Flight 182 27 January 2012

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On 25 September 1978, Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) Flight 182 collides with a light aircraft while approachingLindbergh Field and crashes in a residential area in San Diego. All 137 people on both aircraft die, as well as sevenon the ground.

Type of aircraft:Flight 182: Boeing 727-200; light aircraft: Cessna 172

81 9 "Under Pressure" Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 3 February 2012

On 11 July 1991, Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 is taking off from Jeddah's King Abdulaziz International Airport with247 Nigerian Hajj pilgrims and 14 crew on board. A tire bursts during the takeoff, starting a fire on the landing gear.The crew are unaware of the fire and retract the gear after take off; and the fire spreads. Encountering problems, thecrew then try to return the aircraft to the airport, but it breaks up in flight and crashes about three kilometers from thrunway.

Type of aircraft:Douglas DC-8-61

82 10 "I'm The Problem" Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771 10 February 2012

On 7 December 1987, Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771, on a flight to San Francisco, crashes at the speed ofsound on a mountainside in rural San Luis Obispo County, California; all 43 people on board are killed. Investigatorfound that passenger David Burke, a former USAir employee, took a gun on board the aircraft and shot the pilots ina murder-suicide plot to kill his former supervisor (who was also a passenger on board) after being fired from his jodays earlier. USAir was in the process of merging with PSA at the time of the crash.

Type of aircraft:British Aerospace 146

83 11 "Nowhere to Land" TACA Flight 110 9 March 2012

On 24 May 1988, TACA Airlines Flight 110, a near-new Boeing 737, flies through a thunderstorm and suffers adual engine flameout. The captain, Carlos Dardano, manages to make a successful deadstick landing on a narrowgrass levee in the Michoud area of eastern New Orleans.

Type of aircraft:Boeing 737-300

84 12 "The Invisible Plane" The Linate Airport disaster 23 March 2012

On 8 October 2001, Scandinavian Airlines Flight 686, carrying 110 people bound for Copenhagen, Denmark, istaking off at Milan's Linate Airport in thick fog. On the runway, it collides with an Air Evex business jet carrying four

people bound for Paris, France. The airliner suffers major damage and crashes into a building shortly afterwards; all114 people on board the two aircraft are killed, along with four on the ground. The crew of the business jet hadmade a wrong turn while taxiing in the fog and inadvertently taxied onto the runway.

Type of aircraft:Flight 686: McDonnell Douglas MD-87; business jet: Cessna Citation CJ2

85 13 "Impossible Landing" United Airlines Flight 232 13 April 2012

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On 19 July 1989, the tail-mounted No. 2 engine of United Airlines Flight 232 explodes, causing serious damage tothe aircraft's hydraulic systems and leaving the flight controls unusable. By varying engine thrust, the pilots manage tocrash-land the aircraft at Sioux City, Iowa, saving the lives of 185 of the 296 people on board. The investigationtraced the engine failure to a fatigue crack in the front fan disk, which had developed from a defect introduced beforthe disk was even made, when the original titanium ingot used to make it was formed.

Type of aircraft:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10

Season 12 (2012)

# Title Incident Original air date

86 1 "Fight for Control" Reeve Aleutian Airways Flight 8 3 August 2012

On 8 June 1983, Reeve Aleutian Airways Flight 8's propeller separates from the aircraft over Cold Bay, Alaska,causing an explosive decompression and loss of control. The pilots manage to land the aircraft safely at Anchorage,Alaska. Since the propeller fell into the sea, the cause of the separation is undetermined.

Type of aircraft:Lockheed L-188 Electra

87 2 "Fire in the Hold" ValuJet Flight 592 10 August 2012

On 11 May 1996, ten minutes after take-off, ValuJet Flight 592 crashes into the Florida Everglades, killing all 110persons on board. The cause was an in-flight fire which was started by the accidental triggering of a chemical oxygegenerator improperly shipped as cargo.

Type of aircraft:McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32

88 3 "Caution to the Wind" Singapore Airlines Flight 006 17 August 2012

On 31 October 2000, Singapore Airlines Flight 006 collides with construction equipment at Chiang Kai-shekInternational Airport in Taipei while attempting to take off on the wrong runway in a typhoon; 83 of the 179passengers and crew perish. Investigators concluded that pilot error was the cause of the crash.

Type of aircraft:Boeing 747-400

89 4 "Pushed to the Limit" SilkAir Flight 185 24 August 2012

On 19 December 1997, SilkAir Flight 185, en route to Singapore, crashes into the Musi River in Indonesia afterabruptly diving from its cruise altitude, killing all 104 passengers and crew on board. The cause of the crash wasdisputed; a US investigation concluded that it was an act of murdersuicide by the captain, while the Indonesianinvestigators were undetermined and the Los Angeles Court concluded that it was a servo valve failure.

Type of aircraft:Boeing 737-300

90 5 "Blind Landing" TANS Per Flight 204 31 August 2012

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On 23 August 2005, TANS Per Flight 204 attempts to make a landing at Pucallpa Airport, Peru in a severethunderstorm, but crashes into a muddy swamp 4 miles (6.4 km) away. The cause was the pilots not following visuaflight rules that could have prevented the crash while the aircraft was being pushed by a downdraft.

Type of aircraft:Boeing 737-200Adv.

91 6 "Grand Canyon Disaster" 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision 24 January 2013

On 30 June 1956, United Airlines Flight 718 collides with Trans World Airlines Flight 2 over the Grand Canyon inArizona. All 128 occupants on both flights are killed. At the time, it was the deadliest airline crash in history, andwould lead to sweeping changes in the regulation of flight operations over the United States.

Note:This accident was previously featured in Season 8 Episode 1, "System Breakdown" as a special

Type of aircraft:Flight 718: Douglas DC-7; Flight 2: Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation

92 7 "Catastrophe at O'Hare" American Airlines Flight 191 25 February 2013

On 25 May 1979, the left engine of American Airlines Flight 191 falls off moments after take-off at Chicago'sO'Hare International Airport. The aircraft crashes into an open field shortly thereafter, killing all 271 people on boaras well as two others on the ground. The engine fell off because the pylon attaching it to the wing had suffereddamage caused by improper maintenance procedures.

Type of aircraft:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10

93 8 "Focused on Failure" United Airlines Flight 173 11 March 2013

On 28 December 1978, the crew of United Airlines Flight 173 is preoccupied with a landing gear problem as the

aircraft circles in a holding pattern in the vicinity of Portland, Oregon. It runs out of fuel and crashes in a sparselypopulated area, killing 10 and seriously injuring 24 of the 189 on board. According to the NTSB, the flight crewfailed to check the aircraft's fuel state, causing it to crash.

Type of aircraft:Douglas DC-8-61

94 9 "Lokomotiv Hockey Team Disaster" 2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl air disaster 4 March 2013

On 7 September 2011, an aircraft carrying the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl professional ice hockey team crashes shortlyafter take-off at Yaroslavl, Russia, resulting in the deaths of all but one of the 45 occupants. The investigation found

that the pilots were not properly trained on the aircraft type and mishandled the aircraft during the takeoff.

Type of aircraft:Yakovlev Yak-42D

95 10 "Death of the President" 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash 27 January 2013

On 10 April 2010, a Polish Air Force VIP aircraft carrying the President of Poland Lech Kaczyski, his wife MariaKaczyska and other top officials, crashes short of the runway in a wooded area while on final approach toSmolensk North Airport in heavy fog and low visibility; all 96 passengers and crew on board are killed.

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Type of aircraft:Tupolev Tu-154M

96 11 "Heading to Disaster" Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409 25 March 2013

On 25 January 2010, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409, en route to Addis Ababa, plunges into the Mediterranean Seashortly after takeoff from BeirutRafic Hariri International Airport during a thunderstorm, killing all 90 people onboard.

Type of aircraft:Boeing 737-800

97 12 "28 Seconds to Survive" Santa Brbara Airlines Flight 518 1 April 2013

On 21 February 2008, Santa Brbara Airlines Flight 518, en route from Mrida to Caracas, Venezuela, veers offcourse and flies into the side of a mountain shortly after takeoff; all 46 passengers and crew on board die.Investigators determined that the aircraft took off with inoperative navigation equipment due to the pilots' failure to dtheir pre-flight checklist.

Type of aircraft:ATR 42-30098 13 "Air France 447: Vanished" Air France Flight 447 15 April 2013

On 1 June 2009, Air France Flight 447, a scheduled flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris, stalls and crashes into theAtlantic Ocean while flying through a thunderstorm, killing all 216 passengers and 12 crew on board. The causes ofthe crash were incorrect airspeed readings due to ice blockage of the aircraft's pitot tubes, inappropriate controlinputs and the pilots not taking recovery action until it was too late.

Type of aircraft:Airbus A330-200

Season 13 (2013)

# Title Incident Original air date

99 1 "Fight To The Death" British European Airways Flight 548 16 December 2013

On 18 June 1972, British European Airways Flight 548 stalls and crashes in a field near Staines-upon-Thamesshortly after take-off from London Heathrow Airport, killing all 118 people on board. The crash was attributed tothe pilot retracting the aircraft's droops at too low an airspeed and failing to recognise the stall warnings.

Type of aircraft:Hawker Siddeley Trident 1C

100[23] 2 "Speed Trap" Hughes Airwest Flight 706 30 December 2013

On 6 June 1971, Hughes Airwest Flight 706 collides with a United States Marine Corps (USMC) jet fighter abovethe San Gabriel Mountains. A total of 50 people from the two aircraft are killed, with the back-seat crewman of theUSMC aircraft the only survivor.

Type of aircraft:Flight 706: McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31; USMC jet: McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II

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101 3 "Lost In Translation" Crossair Flight 498 13 January 2014

On 10 January 2000, Crossair Flight 498 crashes just two minutes after take-off from Zurich, Switzerland whileheading for Dresden, Germany, killing all 10 people on board. The investigation found that the pilots had sufferedspatial disorientation.

Type of aircraft:Saab 340

102 4 "Disaster on the Potomac" Air Florida Flight 90 23 December 2013

On 13 January 1982, Air Florida Flight 90 takes off from a snowy runway in Washington D.C, stalls at 300 feetaltitude, strikes a road bridge and crashes into the Potomac River, killing a total of 78 people. The causes were iceon the wings and the pilots' failure to turn on the engine anti-ice system, causing erroneous engine instrumentreadings.

Type of aircraft:Boeing 737-200

103 5 "Queens Catastrophe" American Airlines Flight 587 6 January 2014

On 12 November 2001, just two months after the September 11 attacks, American Airlines Flight 587 spirals out ocontrol after taking off from John F. Kennedy Airport. Shortly after, the aircraft crashes into the suburb of Queens,killing all 26