List of insect vector transmitted plant diseases & Terminology

Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 2017

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February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN

Submitted To:-

DR. JAM NAZEER AHMAD

Submitted By:-

Muhammad Salah-ud-Din 2016-ag-766 M.Sc. (Hons.) Entomology 2nd Semester

Department of Entomology

University of Agriculture,

Faisalabad


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List of Insect Vector Transmitted Plant Diseases

Crop Insect Vector Techanical

Name Insect Photo

Pathogen

Transmitted Disease Disease Photo

Viral Diseases

Cotton

Whitefly

Homoptera:

Aleyrodidae

Bemisia tabaci

Gemnivirus Particle Cotton Leaf

Curl Virus

Papaya

Whitefly

Homoptera:

Aleyrodidae

Bemisia tabaci

Gemnivirus Particle Papaya Leaf

Curl Virus

Banana

Aphid

Hemiptera:

Aphididae

Pentalonia

nigronervosa

SSRNA Particle Banana bunchy

Top Virus

Potato

Beetle

Coleoptera:

Coccinellidae

Ephilachna ocellata

Potato Virus X PVX


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Aphid

Hemiptera:

Aphididae

Macrosiphum

euphorbiae

Potato Virus Y PVY

Aphid

Hemiptera:

Aphididae

Myzus persicae

RNA virus Potato Leaf

Roll Virus

Tomato

Whitefly

Homoptera:

Aleyrodidae

Bemisia argentifolii

PLRV Tomato Leaf

Curl Virus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_virus


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Tomato Thrip

Thysanoptera:

Thripidae

Frankliniella

schultzei

TSWV Tomato Spotted

Wilt Virus

Chilli

Aphid

Hemiptera:

Aphididae

Aphis gossypii

CMV Chilli Mosaic

Whitefly

Homoptera:

Aleyrodidae

Bemisia tabaci

Gemnivirus Particle Chilli Leaf Curl

Virus


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Rice

Rice Leafhopper

Hemiptera:

Cicadellidae

Nephotettix

nigropictus

DSRNA Particle Rice Dwaf

Viirus

Wheat

Planthoppers

Delphacidae:

Hemipter

Javesella pellucida

SSRNA Particle Wheat Striate

Mosaic Virus

Wheat Curl Mite

Acari : Eriophyidae Aceria tulipae

Mite Wheat Spot

Mosaic Virus

Wheat aphid

Diuraphis noxia

Hemiptera :

Aphididae

WYLV Wheat Yellow

Leaf Virus


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Barley

Aphid

Hemiptera:

Aphididae

Schizaphis

graminum

Gemnivirus Particle Barley Yellow

Dwarf Viruses

Fig Eriophyid Mite

Acari : Eriophyidae Aceria fici

SSRNA Particle Fig Mosaic

Virus

Peach Fastidious Bud Mite

Acari : Eriophyoidea Eriophyes insidiosus

Peach Mosaic

Virus (PMV)

Maize

Small Brown

Planthopper,

Delphacidae:

Hemipter

Laodelphax

Striatellus

DSRNA Partical Maize Rough

Dwarf Virus


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Maize Leafhopper

Cicadellidae:

Hemipter

Cicadulina Mbila

Geminivirus

Partical

Maize Streak

Mosaic Virus

Fungal Diseases

Mango

Bark Beetle

Coleoptera:

Curculionidae

Hypocryphalus

mangiferae

MSDS Mango Sudden

Death Disease

Mango bud (or gall)

mite. Acari :

Eriophyoidea

Aceria mangiferae

fungal Mango

malformation

Elm

European Elm Bark

Beetle

Coleoptera:

Curculionidae

Opiostoma ulmi

spore Dutch Elm

Disease


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Oak

Sap Beetle

Coleoptera:

Nitidulidae

Carpophilus

lugubris

Ceratocystis

fagacearum

Oak Wilt

Disease

Bacterial Diseases

Citrus Asian Citrus Psyllid

Hemiptera: Psyllidae Diaphorina Citri

Labri Bacteri Citrus

Greening

Sesame

Indicum

Leaf Hopper

Cicadellidae:

Hemiptera

Orocious

Albicineous ;

O. Orientalis

Phytoplasma

Phylodi

Pear

Pear Psylla

Hemiptera:

Psyllidae

Cacopsylla Pyricola

Phytoplasma Pear Decline

Phytoplasma


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Potato

Psllid

Potato

Psyllid

Triozidae :

Hemiptera

Bactericera

Cockerelli

Psyllid-Borne

Bacterium

Potato Zebra

Chip Disease

Nematodal Diseases

Milkweed

Milkweed Bug

Hemiptera :

Lygaeidae

Oncopeltus fasciatus

Nematode Trypanosomes


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Terminology

Vector An agent that transports a microorganism from one host to another. Insects that transmit plant

disease are called vectors.

Disease Any condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism or body. Or Disorder of

normal functioning of an organism

Epidemiology The study of disease in populations of an organism.

Koch’s postulates In 1890 the German physician and bacteriologist Robert Koch set out his celebrated criteria for

judging whether a given bacteria is the cause of a given disease. Koch's criteria brought some

much-needed scientific clarity to what was then a very confused field.

1. The organism must be regularly associated with the disease and its characteristic lesions.

2. The organism must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in culture.

3. The disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the organism is introduced into a

healthy, susceptible host.

4. The same organism must be reisolated from the experimentally infected host.

Koch’s postulates for the 21st century as suggested by Fredricks and Relman:

1. A nucleic acid sequence belonging to a putative pathogen should be present in most cases

of an infectious disease. Microbial nucleic acids should be found preferentially in those

organs or gross anatomic sites known to be diseased, and not in those organs that lack

pathology.

2. Fewer, or no, copy numbers of pathogen-associated nucleic acid sequences should occur

in hosts or tissues without disease.

3. With resolution of disease, the copy number of pathogen-associated nucleic acid

sequences should decrease or become undetectable. With clinical relapse, the opposite

should occur.

4. When sequence detection predates disease, or sequence copy number correlates with

severity of disease or pathology, the sequence-disease association is more likely to be a

causal relationship.

5. The nature of the microorganism inferred from the available sequence should be

consistent with the known biological characteristics of that group of organisms.

6. Tissue-sequence correlates should be sought at the cellular level: efforts should be made

to demonstrate specific in situ hybridization of microbial sequence to areas of tissue

pathology and to visible microorganisms or to areas where microorganisms are presumed

to be located.

7. These sequence-based forms of evidence for microbial causation should be reproducible.


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Transmission Transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an

infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the

other individual was previously infected.

Physical Transmission

In case of mechanical transmission the pathogen is simply carried externally or internally by

the insect. Mostly Caused insects that have biting/chewing mouthparts.

Biological Transmission

Specific insect and the specific viral pathogen have some kind of association or relationship

between the two. Mostly Caused insects that have sucking mouthparts.

1) Circulative, propagative and Persistent Transmission:

The virus circulates in the host but actually infects insect cells and replicates in the vector.

2) Non-Persistent and Non-circulative (NC) Transmission:

The virus binds the stylet during feeding and is released when the insect secrets saliva on a new

feeding place. Transmission-Stylet Borne. Virus Acquired in “Test Probes” of 20 to 30 Seconds.

Virus Transmitted in “Test Probes” of 20 to 30 Seconds. Virus Retained by the Vector for < One

Hour.

3) Semi-Persistent

Require Longer Acquisition Times, up to Several Minutes of Feeding Very Short Latent Period

Transmissible Within A Couple of Hours Vector Retains the Ability to Transmit the Virus for

Several Hours up to Several Days—Looses Ability to Transmit the Virus After a Molt.

Source of Disease Transmission

i. Water

ii. Soil

iii. Insect & Mite

iv. Human

v. Animal

vi. Birds

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_disease

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(biology)

List of insect vector transmitted plant diseases & Terminology

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