1 Liquids, Solids & Materials Chapter 11 Vapor Pressure • Liquid in open container will evaporate. • Liquid volatility increases with increasing temperature. Vapor Pressure • Liquid in closed, evacuated container will evaporate until a dynamic equilibrium is reached. (rate of vaporization = # rate of condensation) • Pressure of gas above the liquid is known as the vapor pressure.
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Liquids, Solids & Materials - Purdue University · 1 Liquids, Solids & Materials Chapter 11 Vapor Pressure •Liquid in open container will evaporate. •Liquid volatility increases
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Liquids, Solids & MaterialsChapter 11
Vapor Pressure• Liquid in open container will evaporate.• Liquid volatility increases with increasing
temperature.
Vapor Pressure
• Liquid in closed, evacuatedcontainer will evaporate until adynamic equilibrium is reached.
(rate of vaporization = # rate of condensation)
• Pressure of gas above the liquid isknown as the vapor pressure.
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Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure
Vapor pressure differences betweendifferent liquids arise fromdifferences in the strengths ofintermolecular forces.Stronger intermolecular forces result in
lower vapor pressures.
Vapor Pressure & Boiling Point
In an open container:
Temperature at which liquid’s vaporpressure equals atmosphericpressure — boiling point
When atmospheric pressure equals 1 atm — normal boiling point
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Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
Describes relationship between vaporpressure and temperature.