Liquid liquid extraction

Ali Hassan Al-Ashiri

20100858

Hussain Hassan Ali

20102244

Liquid-Liquid Extraction

The objective of this project was to do analysis and researchers about the Liquid-Liquid extraction by doing two type of methods:

1- maintenance the Liquid-Liquid extraction unit.2-do manual experiments.  However we faced one problem when we tried to maintain

the unit, which led us to do only the manual experiments.

The project contains analyzes and studies to the problems that we faced

Summary

Is to study the principle of Liquid-Liquid extraction by doing manual experiments and maintenance the Liquid-Liquid extraction unit.

Objective

1. Separations in General Barring a few exceptions, almost every element

or compound is naturally found in an impure state. Often these impure raw materials must be separated into their purified components before they can be put to productive use, making separation processes essential for the modern industrial economy. In some cases these separations require total purification, as in the electrolysis refining of bauxite or for aluminum metal, but a good example of an incomplete separation process is oil refining.

Introduction

Crude oil occurs naturally as a mixture of various hydrocarbons and impurities. The refining process splits this mixture into other, more valuable mixtures such as natural gas, gasoline and chemical feedstock's, none of which are pure substances, but each of which must be separated from the raw crude.

1-Separation not feasible by distillation.2-Break azeotropes.3-Energy requirements of distillation are

prohibitive.4-Heat sensitive. 5-A complex distillation sequence is required.

REASONS TO USE EXTRACTION

Liquid-liquid extraction is based on the transfer of a solute substance from one liquid phase into another liquid phase according to the solubility. Extraction becomes a very useful tool if you choose a suitable extraction solvent.You can use extraction to separate a substance selectively from a mixture, or to remove unwanted impurities from a solution. In

Liquid-LiaquidExtraction

Suppose that you have a mixture of sugar in vegetable oil (it tastes sweet!) and you want to separate the sugar from the oil. You observe that the sugar particles are too tiny to filter and you suspect that the sugar is partially dissolved in the vegetable oil.

What will you do?

Let's see an example.

By shaking the

layers (phases)

well, you

increase the

contact area

between the two

phases. The

sugar will move

to the phase in

which it is most

soluble: the

water layer

shaking the mixture wuth water

Factors to be considered:SelectivityDistribution coefficientInsolubility of solventRecoverability of solute from solventDensity difference between liquid phasesInterfacial tensionChemical reactivityCostViscosity, vapour pressureFlammability, toxicity

Choice of solvent

1- Software: We can order a software from EDIBON company

2- Design:

Testing extraction process

3- Use lab equipment:

We will not go through 1 and 2, because the first one cost too much money, and the second one it will take much time and also will cost too much money. So we will use the third one.

Objective: To test the working efficiency of available liquid-liquid extraction

unit.Result: At the began, we switch on and filled the tanks with water, at the

same time we switched the pump that are supplied with feeding tank on the inlet, and column on the outlet. The pump it was works fine, and the liquid was dosing in the pipe, but little cleaning it was required on the pipes that are supplied with the pump.

After that, we has switched the another pump on, which are supplied with solvent tank on inlet, and the column it the outlet. The pump it was working, but for some reason it doesn’t dosing the liquid.

We had figured the problem that was on that pump. We opened the pump to see what the happened inside it. We have seen a hole on the diaphragm seal. We have tried to fixed the problem by ordered a new diaphragm seal, but there was no supplier locally.

Steady of Extraction (Experiment 1: Maintenance the Liquid-Liquid extraction unit)

Discussion:The liquid-liquid extraction unit it was needs a new diaphragm seal, but there was no supplier in our country, we have tried to convince people on chemical department to order a new diaphragm seal, but due to financial reason they reject our request with the knowledge that there is a supplier on United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Conclusion: The liquid-liquid extraction unit it will never

works without a new diaphragm seal. Recommendations: We recommend, If another students they want

to works on this unit they have to buy a new diaphragm seal or buy a new pump. Buying a new pump is better than buying new diaphragm seal, because the diaphragm pump is consist on diaphragm seal, and this part is cost too much money.

Objective: To study the extraction technique by using sugar from oil by water.

Result:

Experiment 2 (A) Extraction principle by using deferent liquids

Objective: To study the effect of amount of solvent and solute on extraction by using sugar, oil and water.

Experiment 2 (B): Extraction principal using different liquids

Result:Test1

Test2

test3

Analysis: 1-The experiment shows that the solvent can

separate the sugar from water by using water as a solvent. But as you can see from the Picture, the solute amount in separation funnel is too much, so the solvent can’t make the separation funnel clear.

2- The experiments shows that the extraction it can happened when the solvent amount is much more than the solute amount. In test (1) the extraction can’t be clear, because the amount of solute is too much.

Conclusion: 

1-The sugar it didn’t separated clearly from oil, because the amount of solute is too much.

2- The extraction it can be happened when the solvent amount is much more than the solute amount.

Objective: To extract vinegar from acetic acid by water.

Result:

Experiment 3(A): Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Objective: To study the effect of amount on Liquid-Liquid

extraction process.

Result:

 Experiment 3(B): Liquid-Liquid extraction

Analysis: 1-The Liquid-Liquid extraction process it works fine. So we will move to second step, in this step we will use deferent’s amount of solvent and solute to see how they effect on the process.

2-In all parts of the experiment the extraction happened, we did not saw how the amount of solute and solvent has effect on the result.

Conclusion: 1- The Liquid-Liquid extraction, can extract

vinegar from acetic acid by using water as a solvent.

2- The Liquid-Liquid extraction technique, can extract vinegar from acetic acid by using water as a solvent.

Conclusion:1-Liquid-Liquid Extraction Unit: It will never works

without a new diaphragm seal.

2-Manual Experiments: From our testing and experiments and our result we have seen some of effect in the process, such as( time ,amount and density ).

Final conclusion and recommendation

Recommendation: 1- If another students they want to works

on this unit they have to buy a new diaphragm seal or buy a new pump. Buying a new pump is better than buying new diaphragm seal, because the diaphragm pump is consist on diaphragm seal, and this part is cost too much money.

2 If another students they want to works on same topic, they have to do much more testing and experiments because we didn’t got time to do everything.