LIPIDS Chapter 6. Typical Fatty Acid Structure omega end alpha end (methyl group) (carboxyl group) H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH.

LIPIDS

Chapter 6

Typical Fatty Acid Structure

omega end alpha end(methyl group) (carboxyl

group)

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O

H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Degrees of Saturation

Saturated

Unsaturated Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated

Saturated Fatty Acid Structure

omega end alpha end

All single bonds to hydrogen

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O

H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-C-OH

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Structure

omega end alpha end

One double bond

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O

H-C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C=C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-OH

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Structure

omega end alpha end

> 2 double bonds

H H H H H H H H H H H H H O

H-C--C--C--C--C--C=C--C--C=C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-OH

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Essential Fatty Acid Omega-3 (alpha-linolenic

acid)

omega end alpha end

1st double bond is located on the 3rd carbon from the omega end

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O

H-C--C--C=C--C--C =C--C--C=C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-OH

H H H H H H H H H H H

Essential Fatty AcidOmega-6 (alpha-linoleic

acid)

omega end alpha end

1st double bond is located on the 6th carbon from the omega end

H H H H H H H H H H H H H O

H-C--C--C--C-- C--C =C--C--C=C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C-OH

H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Triglycerides

(Ester bond)

Glycerol + 3 FA’s Triglyceride + 3 H20

H

H--C--OH

H--C--OH

H--C--OH

H

O

HO-C-R

O

HO-C-R

O

HO-C-R

+

H O

H--C--O--C--

O

H--C--O--C--

O

H--C--O--C--

H

R + H2O

R + H20

R + H20

Triglycerides

esterification deesterfication

H

H--C--OH

H--C--OH

H--C--OH

H

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

+

H O

H--C--O--C--

O

H--C--O--C--

O

H--C--O--C--

H

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

Fatty Acid

Functions of Triglycerides

Provide energy Efficient storage of

energy Insulation Protection Transport fat-soluble

vitamins Satiety Flavor and texture

Emulsification

Cholesterol Content in Food

Digestion of lipids

Absorption of lipids

Chylomicrons

Transport of Lipids

Transport of Lipids

Transport of Lipids

Atherosclerosis

Cis and Trans Fatty Acid

Hydrogenation Process

Trans Fatty Acids in Foods