Linux Introduction

GNU/Linux

Wang Xiaolin

June 18, 2014

) [email protected]

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No Textbook

® Do you need a book to learn riding a ®?http://cs3.swfu.edu.cn/moodle

m

▶ “Linux tutorial”▶ “Linux command line tutorial”▶ “Bash tutorial”▶ “Bash scripting tutorial”▶ …

E Yeah, English.

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What’s GNU/Linux?

GNU’s Not Unix! — provides free apps

(GNU’s Not Unix!) is a project that was headed byRichard Stallman, in 1984, that intended to develop acomplete Unix-like operating system that is freesoftware.

Linux — the kernel

was written by LinusTorvalds, a graduate student ofthe University of Helsinki inFinland, in early 1990s.

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A Short History of GNU/Linux and Open Source

1972: Ritchie created C language. Unix version 2written mostly by Thompson in C.

1984: RMS started the GNU project.1985: FSF was founded by RMS, The GNU

manifesto was published.1991: Linux version 0.01 was released on the net.1994: Linux version 1.0 was released.

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Meet The Parents

Ritche Thompson RMS Linus

UNIX5 /27

How Is GNU/Linux?

Network-friendly — it’s born on the netMulti-user — it’s UNIXReliable — it’s developed by geniuses all over the

worldOpen source — good for studyFree of charge — good for studentsBackwards-compatible — can run on very old

mechines

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What’s Open Source?

OSI — Open Source InitiativeGPL — GNU General Public License, a free,

copyleft license for software and otherkinds of works

Share and share alike“what you take from the community, you give back”

▶ Free redistribution▶ Source Code must be included when a modifiedversion is released

▶ Derived works follows the same license as of theprevious works

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Are Companies Into Open Source?

Definitely!Why? Because it benefits them as well.

compiler development for theirmicroprocessors (32-bit/64-bit)

gcc compiler and glibc develop-ment for their Cisco IOS

Android, ChromeOS, ...

and more...

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Why Is It Popular?

GNU/Linux presents a choice, an alternative to theclosed approach of companies.

It’s popular among different groups▶ geeks and hobbyists▶ IT professionals▶ Software developers▶ System/Network administrators▶ Internet/Network engineers

In a world without walls and fences, who needs Windows and Gates?

- Scott McNealy

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Is Open Source A Viable Solution?

Know the facts:Apache: the leading web server in the world

Apache: 60.4%MS IIS: 13.8%Nginx: 20.9%

(W3Techs.com, 17 June 2014)

MySQL, PostgreSQL: popular DBs used amongwebsites

Perl, PHP, Python: very hot scripting languageSendmail: the most popular MTA in the world

BIND: the most popular DNS server in the worldGCC: most popular C/C++ compiler in the world

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2014

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More FactsPopular Web Programming Tools (Google trends)

ASP PHP Python JSP Ruby

PHP, Python, JSP, Ruby are Linux friendly

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More FactsTop10 — TIOBE Index for June 2014

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More FactsDB-Engines Ranking — Trend of Relational DBMS Popularity

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More FactsMost used web browser

February 2014

June 2014

38.31%25.1%

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More FactsWeb Browsers (StatCounter)

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Jan 28, 2013: Google offered a total prize package of$3.14159 million in its own Pwnium 3Chrome OS cracking contest.

Mar 8, 2013: Linux triumphant: Chrome OS resistscracking attempts§ The Chrome Web browser on Windows

is breakable, but© the Linux-based Chrome OS is proved

to be uncrackable

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Market Shares2011 — Post-PC Era

Everything including PCs, Servers, Smartphones,Tablets

: 35.9%: 29.4%: 14.6%

Others: 20.1% (mainly Unix variations)

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Smartphone Market Share

: 81.9%: 12.1%: 3.6%: 1.8%

End of Q3 201319 /27

Games

Steam platform support: since 2002: since 2010: since July, 2012

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Use The Right Tools For The Right Jobs

I don’t mean Linux is for everyone to doeverything

▶ MS Windows is the platform of choice for audioenthusiasts and gamers

▶ Macs are the choice for most graphics designers,desktop publishing firms, and video productionhouses

▶ SGI is king when it comes to 3Dmodelling/animation

▶ Solaris and other commercial Unices have thereplace in the world

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The Distance

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The Distance

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How To Learn GNU/Linux?

My advices:▶ Use it to do your daily work

? Can’t I do my homework in Linux??? Can’t I do coding in Linux?

??? Can’t I do my lab work in Linux?

▶ Am▶▶ English

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Distributions

YggdrasilTAMU

MCC InterimSLS

Slackware

S.u.S.E.

LST

DLD / Delix

Red Hat

Jurix

Debian

Libranet

Storm

Skolelinux

Lindows

DeMuDiImpi

Linspire

Guadalinex

Freespire

UlteoKubuntu

nUbuntuLinux Mint

Ubuntu gNewSenseXubuntu

EdubuntuEliveSidux

MEPIS SimplyMEPIS

Kurumin

KNOPPIX

Damn Small Linux

Symphony OS

Kanotix

KnoppMythParsix

DSL-N

Morphix ZoneCDLinEx

SmoothWall Express

Yoper

Puppy

Progeny

Xandros

Pardus

KateOSKate Linux

SabayonRR4

KororaaVidaLinux

Gnu-HALO

ZenwalkMinislack

Sauver

How-TuxNimbleX

FrugalwareDARKSTAR

SUSE

Sun JDSopenSUSE

DeLi

Source Mage

Lunar

Gentoo

SLAX

Arch

GoboLinux

Ark

SCORedmond

Lycoris

dyne:bolic

Astaro

CRUXRock Linux

Linux From Scratch

Caixa Mágica

Enoch

Vector

Sorcerer

Beehive

EnGardeIPCop

SmoothWall GPL

Corel

Stampede

SuSE

Caldera

Conectiva

MandrivaMandrake

ALT Linux PCLinuxOS

OpenSLS

CentOSScientific

White BoxUnited Linux

SME ServerVirtual

Specifix rPathOz

ForesightStartCom

Fedora CoreFoX

Ekaaty

ATmission

BLAGAurox

aLinux

Trustix

Red FlagPeanut

Yellow DogEurielec

TurbolinuxPLD

e-smith

Ututo

Fedora

Voltalinux

Bluewallgrml

ELX

Whoppix WHAX

Auditor Security LinuxBacktrack

Annvix

Aurora Bayanihan

AnNyungBU Linux

BioBrew

Berry

AsianLinux

Asianux

BeatrIX

Miracle

Tao

BogusDILINUX

MINIMonkey

Trans-Ameritech

WGS Linux Pro

Xdenu

Craftworks

DOSLINUX

Linux-FT

Linux Universe

Armed

eIT easyLinux

BluePoint

EvilEntityAUSTRUMI

Bluewhite64

ShabdixBioknoppix

BOSS

BinToo

blackPanther

Momonga

LinuxInstallHP Secure

SuperRescue

HappyEridani

LinuxPPC

ImmunixKondara

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Which Distribution?

...

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...

...

...

...

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Fedora

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References

Open Source Initiative

GNU Project

Linux Online

LinuxLinks.com

Google Trends — SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL

Google Trends — ASP, PHP, Python, JSP, Ruby

TIOBE Programming Community Index

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