Linux Commands for Newbies

7/23/2019 Linux Commands for Newbies

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Linux commands for new

In the following slides you will learn several Lcommands which will be useful for somebody wjust starting with Linux.


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Command: ls

ls, stands for List Directory Content is a command to return a and directories residing within a directory. Default direct

considers is the current directory.

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$ lsabc1 pqr.txtabc1.txt psr1.shABC.png psr1.sh~abc.txt psr2.shajax-php-mysql-user-interface.html psr2.sh~...


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Command: ls -l

Adding a l option returns long listing. i.e. you can see permissigroup, date/time of creation of the file.

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$ ls -ltotal 2324-rw-rw-r-- 1 datasoft datasoft 19 Aug 7 17:02 abc1-rw-rw-r-- 1 datasoft datasoft 19 Aug 7 17:02 abc1.txt-rw-rw-r-- 1 datasoft datasoft 0 Jul 29 13:39 ABC.png

-rw------- 1 datasoft datasoft 107 Aug 2 16:07 abc.txt-rw------- 1 datasoft datasoft 1790 Sep 14 2013 ajax-php-mysql-uhtml...


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Command: lsblk

lsblk stands for List Block Devices. It prints block devices (exctheir assigned name on the standard output in a tree-like fash

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$ lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disksda1 8:1 0 73.2G 0 partsda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part

sda5 8:5 0 97.7G 0 partsda6 8:6 0 97.7G 0 partsda7 8:7 0 97.7G 0 partsda8 8:8 0 52.2G 0 partsda9 8:9 0 45.5G 0 part /sda10 8:10 0 1.9G 0 part [SWAP]


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Command: lsblk - l

Unlike lsblk, lsblk -l returns a list block devices in list structutree like structure.

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$ lsblk -lNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disksda1 8:1 0 73.2G 0 partsda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part

sda5 8:5 0 97.7G 0 partsda6 8:6 0 97.7G 0 partsda7 8:7 0 97.7G 0 partsda8 8:8 0 52.2G 0 partsda9 8:9 0 45.5G 0 part /sda10 8:10 0 1.9G 0 part [SWAP]

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$


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Command: md5sum

The md5sum stands for Compute and Check MD5 Mesmd5sum is a computer program that calculates and verifieshashes. It is widely used to check whether file transdownloading) a file has been changed or not because of faulta disk error or non-malicious meddling

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$ md5sum VNC-5.2.0-Windows.exe0eb0d0394663bbd940a2878c3468f599 VNC-5.2.0-Windows.exe


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Command: history

The history command prints the history of long list of executein terminal.

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$ history | more1024 cd datasoft 1025 ls1026 sort -k1 abc.txt1027 sort -k2 abc.txt

1028 cat xyz.txt1029 sort xyz.txt1030 sort -k3 abc.txt1031 sort -n -k3 abc.txt1032 cat abc.txt1033 sort abc.txt


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Command: sudo

sudo refers to the file /etc/sudoers to determine who is an authowhile executing a command which requires a little more privileg

current user has.

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$ sudousage: sudo -h | -K | -k | -Vusage: sudo -v [-AknS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-u user]usage: sudo -l [-AknS] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-U user] [-u user [command]usage: sudo [-AbEHknPS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] prompt] [-u user] [VAR=value] [-i|-s] []...


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Command: mkdir

The mkdir (Make directory) command creates a new directory wsupplied after the command mkdir. It returns cannot create foalready exists error if the the directory mentioned already exis

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$ mkdir mydir


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Command: touch

The touch command stands for Update the access and mod

of each FILE to the current time. the command creates the fexist, else it modifies the timestamp keep the contents of the f

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$touch myfile


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Command: chmod

The Linux chmod command stands for change file mode bitschange the permission(s) of the file associated.

datasoft @ datasoft-linux

~$ chmod 755 myfile


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Command: chown

The Linux chown command stands for change file owner and

datasoft @ datasoft-linux~$ chown myfile user10chown: invalid user: myfiledatasoft @ datasoft-linux

~$ chown user10 myfilechown: changing ownershipof myfile: Operation notpermitted


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Command: aptapt command stands for (Advanced Package Tool. Apt is package manager for Debian based system (Ubuntu, Kubunused to search, install, update and resolves dependency of

Gnu/Linux System from command line.

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$ sudo apt-get updateIgn http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security InRelease

Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty InReleaseIgn http://in.archive.ubuntu.com trusty InReleaseGet:1 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release.gpg [933 B]Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpgGet:2 http://security.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release [59.7 kB..

...


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Command:tar

The tar program is used to create, modify, and access files a

tar format. "tar" stands for tape archive. It is an archiving file fo

datasoft @ datasoft-linux~/dir2$ tar -cvf files.tarmyfile myfile2myfile

myfile2datasoft @ datasoft-linux~/dir2$ lsfiles.tar myfile myfile2datasoft @ datasoft-linux~/dir2$


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Command:cal

The cal (Calendar), it is used to displays calendar of the preany other month of any year that is advancing or passed.

datasoft @ datasoft-linux~/dir2$ cal

August 2014Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 13 14 15 1617 18 19 20 21 22 2324 25 26 27 28 29 3031

C d d


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Command:date

The date (Date) command print the current date and time onoutput, and can further be set.

datasoft @ datasoft-linux~/dir2$ dateWed Aug 20 12:52:54 IST2014

C d t


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Command:cat

The cat stands for Concatenation. Though it is generally us

contents of files from command line, it can also be used to copcombine text files and create new text files.

datasoft @ datasoft-linux~$ cat myfilethis is file for demo

C d


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Command: cp

cp stands for Copy. It copies a file from one location to anothe

datasoft @ datasoft-linux~$ cp myfile dir2/

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Command: mv

mv command moves a file from one location to another locatio

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$mv myfile dir2/

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Command: pwd

pwd command is used to display the name of the current / predirectory.

datasoft @ datasoft-linux ~$pwd/home/datasoft

Command: cd


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Command: cd

Finally, the frequently used cd command stands for (changechange the working directory to execute, copy, move write, re

terminal itself.datasoft @ datasoft-linux~$ cd dir2

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