Linux Booting Procedure Presented by Quontra Solutions

8/10/2019 Linux Booting Procedure Presented by Quontra Solutions

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]QNL[WM SNFQ[BNLS

FBLQX GNN[BLE

PWNCAKQWAPrasaltak Gy

[email protected]/;0;-200-2288



HNU FBLQX GNN[>

7



SRS[AI S[MW[QP



HNU CNIPQ[AW S[MW[QP>

• Gnntble bs m gnntstrmppble prncass thmt stmrtsnparmtble systais whal tha usar turls nl mcniputar systai

•

M gnnt saqualca bs tha sat no nparmtbnls thacniputar paronris whal bt bs swbtchak nl thmt fnmkml nparmtble systai

;



GNN[BLE SA]QALCA

=. [arl nl7. CPQ duip tn mkkrass no GBNS (0xOOOO0)3. GBNS ruls PNS[ (Pnwar-Nl Safo [ast)

;. Oblk gnntmfa kavbcas1. Fnmks mlk axacuta gnnt sactnr onri IGW?. Fnmk NS

1



GBNS (GMSBC BLPQ[/NQ[PQ[ SRS[AI)

?

• GBNS raoars tn tha snotwmra cnka rul gy m cniputar whalobrst pnwarak nl

• [ha prbimry oulctbnl no GBNS bs cnka prnermi aigakkaknl m chbp thmt racnelbsas mlk cnltrnfs vmrbnus kavbcasthmt imja up tha cniputar.

GBNS nl gnmrk GBNS nl scraal



GNN[ FNMKAW



IGW (IMS[AW GNN[ WACNWK)

• NS bs gnntak orni m hmrk kbsj, whara tha ImstarGnnt Wacnrk (IGW) cnltmbls tha prbimry gnntfnmkar

• [ha IGW bs m 1=7-gyta sactnr, fncmtak bl tha obrstsactnr nl tha kbsj (sactnr = no cyfblkar 0, hamk 0)

• Motar tha IGW bs fnmkak bltn WMI, tha GBNS ybafkscnltrnf tn bt.

8




2




• [ha obrst ;;? gytas mra tha prbimry gnnt fnmkar,whbch cnltmbls gnth axacutmgfa cnka mlk arrnriassmea taxt

• [ha laxt sbxty-onur gytas mra tha pmrtbtbnl tmgfa,whbch cnltmbls m racnrk onr amch no onur pmrtbtbnls

• [ha IGW alks wbth twn gytas thmt mra kaoblak mstha imebc luigar (0xMM11). [ha imebc luigar

sarvas ms m vmfbkmtbnl chacj no tha IGW

=0



AX[WMC[BLE [HA IGW

• [n saa tha cnltalts no IGW, usa thbs cniimlk4• # kk bo9/kav/hkm no9igr.gbl gs91=7 cnult9=• # nk -xm igr.gbl

**[ha kk cniimlk, whbch laaks tn ga rul orni rnnt, ramkstha obrst 1=7 gytas orni /kav/hkm (tha obrst Bltaermtak KrbvaAfactrnlbcs, nr BKA krbva) mlk wrbtas thai tn tha igr.gbl obfa.

**[ha nk cniimlk prblts tha gblmry obfa bl hax mlk MSCBBonrimts .

==



GNN[ FNMKAW

• Gnnt fnmkar cnufk ga inra mptfy cmffak tha jarlaffnmkar. [ha tmsj mt thbs stmea bs tn fnmk tha Fbluxjarlaf

•

Nptbnlmf, blbtbmf WMI kbsj• EWQG mlk FBFN mra tha inst pnpufmr Fblux gnnt

fnmkar.

=7



N[HAW GNN[ FNMKAW (SA_AWMF NS)

• gnntiml• EWQG• FBFN• L[FKW• XNSF• GnntX• fnmkfbl• Eudbl•

Gnnt Cmip• Sysfblux• EME

=3



EWQG4 EWMLK QLBOBAK GNN[FNMKAW

• EWQG bs ml nparmtble systai blkapalkmlt gnntfnmkar

• M iuftbgnnt snotwmra pmcjat orni ELQ• Ofaxbgfa cniimlk fbla bltaromca• Obfa systai mccass• Suppnrt iuftbpfa axacutmgfa onrimt•

Suppnrt kbsjfass systai• Knwlfnmk NS orni latwnrj• Atc.

=;



EWQG GNN[ PWNCASS

=. [ha GBNS oblks m gnntmgfa kavbca (hmrk kbsj) mlk trmlsoarscnltrnf tn tha imstar gnnt racnrk

7. [ha IGW cnltmbls EWQG stmea =. Ebval tha simff sbza no thaIGW, Stmea = dust fnmk tha laxt stmea no EWQG

3. EWQG Stmea =.1 bs fncmtak bl tha obrst 30 jbfngytas no hmrkkbsj biiakbmtafy onffnwble tha IGW. Stmea =.1 fnmks Stmea7.

;. EWQG Stmea 7 racabvas cnltrnf, mlk kbspfmys tn tha usar thaEWQG gnnt ialu (whara tha usar cml imlumffy spacboy thagnnt pmrmiatars).

1. EWQG fnmks tha usar-safactak (nr kaomuft) jarlaf bltniainry mlk pmssas cnltrnf nl tn tha jarlaf.

=1



AXMIPFA EWQG CNLOBE OBFA

=?



FBFN4 FBLQX FNMKAW

• Lnt kapalk nl m spacbobc obfa systai• Cml gnnt orni hmrkkbsj mlk ofnppy• Qp tn =? kbooaralt bimeas• Iust chmlea FBFN whal jarlaf bimea obfa nr cnlobe

obfa bs chmleak

=5



JAWLAF



JAWLAF BIMEA

• [ha jarlaf bs tha caltrmf pmrt bl inst cniputarnparmtble systais gacmusa no bts tmsj, whbch bs thaimlmeaialt no tha systai's rasnurcas mlk thacniiulbcmtbnl gatwaal hmrkwmra mlk snotwmra

cnipnlalts• Jarlaf bs mfwmys stnra nl iainry ultbf cniputar bs

tarl noo• Jarlaf bimea bs lnt ml axacutmgfa jarlaf, gut m

cniprass jarlaf bimea• zBimea sbza fass thml 1=7 JG• gzBimea sbza eramtar thml 1=7 JG

=2



[MSJ NO JAWLAF

• Prncass imlmeaialt• Iainry imlmeaialt• Kavbca imlmeaialt• Systai cmff

70



IMDNW OQLC[BNLS OFNU ONW FBLQXJAWLAF GNN[

7=



BLB[ PWNCASS

• [ha obrst thble tha jarlaf knas bs tn axacuta blbtprnermi

• Blbt bs tha rnnt/pmralt no mff prncassas axacutblenl Fblux

• [ha obrst prncassas thmt blbt stmrts bs m scrbpt/atc/rc.k/rc.sysblbt

• Gmsak nl tha mpprnprbmta rul-favaf, scrbpts mraaxacutak tn stmrt vmrbnus prncassas tn rul thasystai mlk imja bt oulctbnlmf

77



[HA FBLQX BLB[ PWNCASSAS

• [ha blbt prncass bs bkaltbobak gy prncass bk "=‖ • Blbt bs raspnlsbgfa onr stmrtble systai prncassas ms kaoblak bl

tha /atc/blbttmg obfa• Blbt typbcmffy wbff stmrt iuftbpfa blstmlcas no "eatty" whbch

wmbts onr cnlsnfa fnebls whbch spmwl nla's usar shaff

prncass• Qpnl shutknwl, blbt cnltrnfs tha saqualca mlk prncassas

onr shutknwl

73



SRS[AI PWNCASSAS

Prncass BK Kascrbptbnl 0 [ha Schakufar=

[ha blbt prncass7 jofushk3 jupkmta;

jpbnk1 jswmpk? ikracnvaryk

7;



BLB[[MG OBFA

• [ha blbttmg obfa kascrbgas whbch prncassasmra stmrtak mt gnntup mlk kurble lnrimfnparmtbnl

• /atc/blbt.k/gnnt• /atc/blbt.k/rc

• [ha cniputar wbff ga gnntak tn tha rulfavafms kaoblak gy tha blbtkaomuft kbractbva bl tha/atc/blbttmg obfa

• bk414blbtkaomuft4

71



WQLFA_AFS

• M rulfavaf bs m snotwmra cnlobeurmtbnl no tha systaiwhbch mffnws nlfy m safactak ernup no prncassas tnaxbst

• [ha prncassas spmwlak gy blbt onr amch no thasarulfavafs mra kaoblak bl tha /atc/blbttmg obfa

• Blbt cml ga bl nla no abeht rulfavafs4 0-?

7?



WQLFA_AFS

Wulfavaf Scrbpts KbractnryWak Hmt/Oaknrm

Cnra)

Stmta

0 /atc/rc.k/rc0.k/ shutknwl/hmft systai

= /atc/rc.k/rc=.k/ Sblefa usar inka

7 /atc/rc.k/rc7.k/ Iuftbusar wbth ln latwnrj sarvbcas axpnrtak

3 /atc/rc.k/rc3.k/ Kaomuft taxt/cnlsnfa nlfy stmrt. Ouff iuftbusar

; /atc/rc.k/rc;.k/ Wasarvak onr fncmf usa. Mfsn X-wblknws (Sfmcjwmra/GSK)

1 /atc/rc.k/rc1.k/ XKI X-wblknws EQB inka (Wakhmt/Systai _)

? /atc/rc.k/rc?.k/ Wagnnt

s nr S Sblefa usar/Imbltalmlca inka (Sfmcjwmra)

I Iuftbusar inka (Sfmcjwmra)

75



WC#.K OBFAS

• rc#.k obfas mra tha scrbpts onr m ebval rul favaf thmtrul kurble gnnt mlk shutknwl

• [ha scrbpts mra onulk bl tha kbractnry

/atc/rc.k/rc#.k/ whara tha syignf # raprasalts tharul favaf

78



BLB[.K

• Kaminl bs m gmcjernulk prncass• blbt.k bs m kbractnry thmt mkibl cml stmrt/stnp

blkbvbkumf kainls gy chmleble nl bt•

/atc /rc .k /blbt.k / (Wak Hmt /Oaknrm )• /atc /blbt.k / (S.u .s.a .)

• /atc /blbt.k / (Kagbml )

72



S[MW[/S[NP KAMINL

• Mkibl cml bssuble tha cniimlk mlk abthar thastmrt, stnp, stmtus, rastmrt nr rafnmk nptbnl

• b.a. tn stnp tha wag sarvar4•

ck /atc/rc.k/blbt.k/• (nr /atc/blbt.k/ onr S.u.s.a. mlk Kagbml)• httpk stnp

30



FBLQX OBFAS S[WQC[QWA



FBLQX OBFAS S[WQC[QWA

37



OSS[LK 4 (OBFASRS[AI S[MLKMWK)

• Mff kbractnrbas mra ernupak ulkar tha rnnt altry "/"• rnnt - [ha hnia kbractnry onr tha rnnt usar• hnia - Cnltmbls tha usar's hnia kbractnrbas mfnle

wbth kbractnrbas onr sarvbcas• otp• H[[P• smigm

33




• gbl - Cniimlks laakak kurble gnntble up thmtibeht ga laakak gy lnrimf usars

• sgbl - Fbja gbl gut cniimlks mra lnt bltalkak onr

lnrimf usars. Cniimlks rul gy FBLQX.• prnc - [hbs obfasystai bs lnt nl m kbsj. Bt bs m vbrtumf

obfasystai thmt axbsts bl tha jarlafs bimeblmtbnlwhbch bs iainry

• = - M kbractnry wbth blon mgnut prncass luigar =. Amchprncass hms m kbractnry gafnw prnc.

3;




• usr - Cnltmbls mff cniimlks, fbgrmrbas, iml pmeas,emias mlk stmtbc obfas onr lnrimf nparmtbnl.

• gbl - Mfinst mff usar cniimlks. snia cniimlks mra bl /gbl nr/usr/fncmf/gbl.

• sgbl - Systai mkibl cniimlks lnt laakak nl tha rnnt

obfasystai. a.e., inst sarvar prnermis.• blcfuka - Hamkar obfas onr tha C prnermiible fmleumea. Shnufk

ga gafnw /usar/fbg onr cnlsbstalcy.• fbg - Qlchmleble kmtm obfas onr prnermis mlk sugsystais• fncmf - [ha pfmca onr fncmffy blstmffak snotwmra mlk nthar obfas.• iml - Imlumf pmeas• blon - Blon kncuialts• knc - Kncuialtmtbnl• tip• X==W? - [ha X wblknws systai obfas. [hara bs m kbractnry sbibfmr tn

usr gafnw thbs kbractnry.• X38? - Fbja X==W? gut onr X== rafamsa 1

31




• gnnt - Obfas usak gy tha gnntstrmp fnmkar, FBFN.Jarlaf bimeas mra notal japt hara.

• fbg - Shmrak fbgrmrbas laakak gy tha prnermis nl tharnnt obfasystai

• inkufas - Fnmkmgfa jarlaf inkufas, aspacbmffythnsa laakak tn gnnt tha systai motar kbsmstars.

• kav - Kavbca obfas• atc - Cnlobeurmtbnl obfas spacbobc tn tha imchbla.• sjaf - Uhal m hnia kbractnry bs cramtak bt bs

blbtbmfbzak wbth obfas orni thbs kbractnry• syscnlobe - Obfas thmt cnlobeura tha fblux systai onr

kavbcas.

3?




• vmr - Cnltmbls obfas thmt chmlea onr imbf, laws, prbltarsfne obfas, iml pmeas, taip obfas

• obfa• fbg - Obfas thmt chmlea whbfa tha systai bs rullble lnrimffy• fncmf - _mrbmgfa kmtm onr prnermis blstmffak bl /usr/fncmf.• fncj - Fncj obfas. Qsak gy m prnermi tn blkbcmta bt bs usble m

pmrtbcufmr kavbca nr obfa• fne - Fne obfas orni prnermis such ms fnebl mlk sysfne whbch fnes

mff fnebls mlk fnenuts.• rul - Obfas thmt cnltmbl blonrimtbnl mgnut tha systai thmt bs vmfbk

ultbf tha systai bs laxt gnntak• spnnf - Kbractnrbas onr imbf, prbltar spnnfs, laws mlk nthar spnnfak

wnrj.• tip - [aipnrmry obfas thmt mra fmrea nr laak tn axbst onr fnlear

thml thay shnufk bl /tip.• cmtiml - M cmcha onr iml pmeas thmt mra onrimttak nl kaimlk

35




• ilt - Inult pnblts onr taipnrmry inults gy thasystai mkiblbstrmtnr.

• tip - [aipnrmry obfas. Prnermis rullble motar

gnntup shnufk usa /vmr/tip

38



[HMLJ RNQ

32

ttalk Oraa Kain onr Fblux kiblNlfbla [rmblble

Cmff us 4 ;0;[email protected]

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