Linked Data Techniques for MOF compliant Models

Web Science & Technologies

University of Koblenz ▪ Landau, Germany

An Ontology-based Approach for Enabling Linked Data Capabilities

to MOF Compliant Models

Fernando Silva Parreiras, Gerd Gröner, Tobias Walter

Gerd Grö[email protected] 2

WeST ICEIS 2012

Model Driven Engineering

Standards for• General purpose languages• Domain specific languages

Abstraction principle

Transformations

Specialization /Inheritance

➔ Engineering relies on a variety of languages (to describe models)


WeST ICEIS 2012

… how to deal with the variety of languages?

ecosystem of variousmodeling languages→ islands

✔ different languages for different modeling purposes✔ different views on systems

BPMN UML AD

DSL1

GRL

DSL2

✗ information request across models of multiple languages✗ relationships between languages (e.g., BPMN and UML)


WeST ICEIS 2012

What is missing so far?

BPMN

UML AD

DSL1 GRL

DSL2


WeST ICEIS 2012


BPMN

UML AD

DSL1 GRL

DSL21. links / connections

2. understand links


WeST ICEIS 2012


BPMN

UML AD

DSL1 GRL


2. understand links

3. add or extend languages

FD


WeST ICEIS 2012


BPMN

UML AD

DSL1 GRL


2. understand links

3. add or extend languages

FD

4. views (or extractions) → querying


WeST ICEIS 2012

Final Goal

➔ Obviously, it is hard and probably undesired to have a single unified modeling language

➔ Instead: build and enable a networked and federated development architecture

explore and query over models of

multiple languages

Perspective:

connect andlink

“Web of models”

engineer


WeST ICEIS 2012

Idea

Representation:

Expressive languages with well defined semantics

Use existing Semantic Web technologies

Integration:techniques to identify correspondences

best practice (e.g., Linked Data):design, publish and consume data on the Web

➔ adopt technologies ➔ learn from best practice


WeST ICEIS 2012

Outline

1) Introduction

2) Background

3) Integrating MOF and OWL

4) Conclusion


WeST ICEIS 2012

Web Ontology Language (OWL)

OWL DL (or OWL 2 DL)➔ Compatible with RDF (and LOD principles)➔ Modeling “layers”:

TBox:Classes (atomic and complex), Properties (object and datatype properties)

ABox:Individuals

powerful for describing

domain concepts in networked

environments

➔ Approaches to establish mappings and correspondences between MOF (meta-) models and OWL models


WeST ICEIS 2012

… integrate OWL to MOF models

➔ represent and understand metamodels, models and relationships

syntax→ additional modeling

constructs

solid and grounded semantics

➔ techniques to identify equivalence or similarity

syntax and semantics

➔ connect / relate elements of models and metamodels

languageconstructs


WeST ICEIS 2012

Outline

1) Introduction

2) Background

3) Integrating MOF and OWL

4) Conclusion

linkingprinciples (with OWL constructs)

extendingMOF

mappingMOF → OWL

integrationmanagement


WeST ICEIS 2012

Linking MOF Metamodels with OWL Constructs

EquivalentClass (uml:Activity bpmn:BpmnDiagram)

EquivalentClass (uml:ActivityNode bpmn:Vertex)

TransitiveObjectProperty(uml:general)

SubObjectPropertyOf( ObjectPropertyChain

(bpmn:outgoingEdge bpmn:target) uml:successorNodes)

EquivalentObjectProperties

(uml:successorNodes bpmn:successorActivities)


WeST ICEIS 2012

Extending MOF

EMOF ➔ every Object is an EObject

(EClass, EReference, EAttribute, ...)➔ build on EAnnotations

Realization steps:

1. Use EMOF metametamodel to represent metamodels

2. Annotate (enrich) metamodels● EReference → ObjectProperty (OWL)● EClass → Class (OWL)

3. Define additional constructs➔ equivalent classes


WeST ICEIS 2012

Example: UML and BPMN metamodel

linking

additionalOWL

constructs

→ OWL annotations


WeST ICEIS 2012

Mapping MOF to OWL


WeST ICEIS 2012

Mapping MOF to OWL – Example


WeST ICEIS 2012

Integration Management

Problem:

reconcile resources that are expressed by different modeling languages

➔ techniques from ontology alignment

➔ identify correspondences

Linking

Align-ment

1. syntactic matchinge.g., uml:Activity ↔ bpmn:BpmnDiagram


WeST ICEIS 2012


Problem:




Linking

Align-ment

1. syntactic matching

2. relational structure comparison


WeST ICEIS 2012


Problem:




Linking

Align-ment

1. syntactic matching

2. relational structure comparison

3. extensional techniques


WeST ICEIS 2012

Integration Management (2)

Querying MOF-models

➔ SPARQL: W3C standard query language (primarily for RDF)

➔ SPARQLAS: query language that allows OWL syntax

• more readable queries• translated to SPARQL

✔ Query both levels: model and metamodel

(RDF representation)

(more expressive OWL representation)


WeST ICEIS 2012

SPARQLAS – Query Example

What Use Cases do I have to test If I update the component west.twouse.reasoner?

Namespace: uml = <http://www.eclipse.org/uml2/3.0.0/UML#>Namespace: srs = <http://west.uni-koblenz.de/SRS#>Namespace: mf = <http://west.uni-koblenz.de/EclipseManifest#>

Select ?nameWhere: ?component mf:name "west.twouse.reasoner"^^xsd:string ?component srs:requirement ?requirement ?requirement srs:useCase ?uc ?uc uml:name ?name


WeST ICEIS 2012

Conclusion

➔ Semantic Web technologies for linking and querying software models

ecosystems of variousmodeling languages→ islands

Situation:

1. OWL constructs (e.g., sameAs, EquivalentWith) to connect/link concepts and instances of different languages

2. OWLizer for MOF-based modes

4. SPARQLASfor querying multiple software models and metamodels

3. find correspondences


WeST ICEIS 2012

Conclusion (2)

Techniques and practices from the Semantic Web:

➔ Intended for linking and integrating data ➔ Efficient processing

➔ vision: “web of models”


WeST ICEIS 2012

Conclusion (2)

Techniques and practices from the Semantic Web:

➔ Intended for linking and integrating data ➔ Efficient processing

➔ vision: “web of models”

Linked Data Techniques for MOF compliant Models

Education

owl modelswest gerd

owlwest gerd grnericeis

umlwestgerd grnericeis

linkswestgerd grnericeis

languageswestgerd grnericeis

mof metamodels

mapping mof

activity bpmn