Linked Data and Users in Library - Does the library communicate efficiently?

Linked Data and Users in LibraryDoes the library communicate efficiently?

2009.10.14. Eunchul Lee President, Korean Library Association, Professor, Dept of Library & Info Science, Sungkyunkwan Uni-versity (assisted by Jinho Park, Standard Team of the National Digital Library of Korea)

DC-2009 Seoul

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Contents

1. Introduction

2. The Principles of Linked Data

3. Ever Changing Users’ Needs

4. Communication in Library

5. Conclusions

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1. Introduction

Linked Data and Users in the LibraryDoes the library communicate efficiently?

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1. Introduction

The Semantic Interoperability of Linked Data

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1. Introduction

2007.10.8 2008.9.18 2009.7.14

Bibliographic

[The Linking Open Data dataset cloud]

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[W3C, 2007]

User Interface & Applications

Trust

Crypto

Proof

Unifying Logic

Query: SPARQL

Rules: RIF

Ontology:OWL

Vocabu-lary: SKOS

RDF-S

Data Interchange: RDF

XML

URI Unicode

1. Introduction

[The Semantic Web Layer Cake]

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2. The Principles of Linked Data

• Tim Berners-Lee (2007)

– The Principle of Linked Data• Use URIs as names for all conceivable objects.• Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up the

names of those objects. • Provide useful information using the RDF, SPARQL

standards when someone looks up a URI.• Include links to other URIs so that users can dis-

cover more objects.

Raw Data!!

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2. The Principles of Linked Data

The Web of Documents

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2. The Principles of Linked Data

The Web of Data

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2. The Principles of Linked Data

Linked Data in Library• Use URIs as names for things.• Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names. • When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information,

using the standards (RDF, SPARQL) • Include links to other URIs. so that they can discover more

things.

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2. The Principles of Linked Data

• What kind of library data are suitable for these principles?– Those that are frequently referenced and updated

by librarians, in relation to their works or within the information process system

– Those that provide users with links as other refer-ences (links) in relation to more accurate search re-sults

– Those that are meaningful in themselves and are independently capable of being referenced by other organizations/systems

– Those that have values capable of being recognized as unique information via URI

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2. The Principles of Linked Data

• Data owned by libraries: – Bibliographic data– Holdings records– Authority records

• Authors, titles, subject headings

• Those being endlessly referenced and updated by librarians, in relations to their works, or within the information process system

• Those providing links as other references (links) in relations to the more accurate search results to users

• Those that are meaningful themselves and independent ones capable of being referenced by other organizations/systems

• Those capable of being recognized with their values as unique informa-tion through URI

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2. The Principles of Linked Data

Authority recordsAuthors, titles, subject headings

• Authority records can be used as linked data

• LIBRIS– The Swedish National Union Catalogue– Earlier 2009 year, LIBRIS was published as Linked

Data on the web, exposing the entire library state with all its records, links and relations.

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2. The Principles of Linked Data

Linked DataOpen

First step– Open “Authority Data”– How?

• Convert Marc to XML(MarcXchange ?)• Assign URIs(HTTP URIs)• Use RDF(or Microformats..) to establish relationships

Is this really our first priority?

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2. The Principles of Linked Data

• Considerations for linked data development– Libraries may not be ready for linked data yet.

• A web of document → A web of applications → A web of data

– We need to re-examine what it is that we have. – We need to re-think about why we are considering ‘

A web of data’.– We need to examine our surrounding conditions

more carefully and make future plans.

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2. The Principles of Linked Data

• Are libraries ready for linked data?– Are libraries’ metadata (MARC, Dublin Core…) rich

enough to link data?– Are libraries’ IT infrastructure ready for ‘open’ envi-

ronment? Are we ready to comply with open standards?

– Are IT policies suitable for existing linked data? (URI policies and so on)

– Are we efficiently coping with license and copyright issues?

– Can we provide long-term identifica-tion and access to those data?

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Can we provide long-term accessi-bility?

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2. The Principles of Linked Data

• ISSUE– Semantic(Linked data) Search engine.– RDF Browser– Linking algorithms– User interaction and interface– Publishing legacy data sources as Linked Data on

the Web– Licensing and other legal issues– N-Triple transformation– Database (support SPARQL)– Identifier management

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Why are libraries considering Linked data and semantic web?

3. Ever Changing Users’ Needs

http://www.flickr.com/photos/jakecaptive/3205277810/

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The needs of our clients are chang-ing. It is also difficult to predict clients’ changing needs.

3. Ever Changing Users’ Needs

http://www.flickr.com/photos/chavals/2344906748/

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3. Ever Changing Users’ Needs

Who are our clients?Resources to meet users’ needs

Information (books, journals, CDs, DVDs, the Web, etc.)Users (people seeking information)

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3. Ever Changing Users’ Needs

Why are user needs hard to predict?

• Speedy advent of future technologies• Fractional predictions liable to cause failures• Rapid production and utilization of various digital information

resources and media increases likelihood of unpredictability

The extremely rapid advancement of IT

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3. Ever Changing Users’ NeedsThe Future Model of the

Information Age• IT(Information Technology) + BT(Biotechnology) + NT(Nano-technology)

Combination of IT + NT : microminiaturization of all computing materials

Microminiaturized IT+NT products embedded in the body (BT)

Human bodies embrace media : Advent of er-gonomics where human’s five senses are inte-grated into NT and installed in machines

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3. Ever Changing Users’ Needs

Why are user needs impossible to predict?

• Users are unable to bear boredom• Users are increasingly turning into producers rather than mere information

consumers

Users are making the Web more and more of a social space.

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Communication = The Strategy for Future Library

4. Communication in Library

• The reason why libraries are concerned with linked data and semantic web

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4. Communication in Library

• Users’ Perspective– Not being able to find certain information on the

Web prompts the assumption that said information not available.

– I exist = I exist on the network = I am in the net-work

– Users are making the Web a social sphere.(Users are the core of what makes the Web social)

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4. Communication in Library

PC, Mobile, Anytime, Anywhere

Facebook Slideshare Twitter Flickr

Blog

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4. Communication in Library

[SEMTECH 2007] [http://www.faviki.com/blog/keyword_search.gif]

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4. Communication in Library

• Enjoyment and convenience

• New routes for information searchesThe fast distribution of the latest information filtered

to a user’s interestEasy reference of diverse information and opinions

• TrustworthinessIncreasing a human network based on “people I know

and trust”

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4. Communication in Library

• Unique identification of information re-sources

• Assignment of unique identifiers to author-ity files and works– FOAF(Friend Of A Friend): Name Authority = FOAF– ISNI (International Standard Name Identifier)

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4. Communication in Library

• Various attempts made by libraries– Services through libraries’ search systems– Exposing library resources via metadata

• Linking search engines and services• Linking blogs and SNS services

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4. Communication in Library

• Traditional library

Library

Physical Ma-terials

User

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4. Communication in Library

Library

Physical

User

Digital

[Creator][User][PC][Mobile]

[Web][CD/DVD][Text, Audio, Video]

[Web]

Create Informa-

tion

• Digital library

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4. Communication in Library

• Challenges accompanied by changes in communication– In order to manage, preserve, and service digital in-

formation using various formats, we must develop suitable management system and metadata ele-ments.

– At which point in time should certain information be considered the most recent?

– Traditional distribution channels cannot satisfy re-newed user demands.

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5. Conclusions

• What is the most important key word?

DigitalInformation TechnologyWeb

UserData

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5. Conclusions

• Innovative Transformation• Shift of Global Outsourcing• Multimedia Services• Digital Convergence based on IP ser-vices• Security Governance• Diversity of Compliance• Solution Convergence• Mobile & Interactive• Extension of Capability• Network Convergence• Real World Web• Mobile Virtual Network Operator• Security Convergence• Risk Management Automation• Green Computing• Cloud Computing• Green Energy• Smart Devices• WiFi based Service• Mobile 2.0• Mash-up Service• Rich Internet Application• Human-Computing Interaction• Open Grid Services Platform• Agile Computing

Keyword Features Megatrend

Openness/Share/Participation

Cost reduction

Fusion/integration

Laws/Provisions

Accessibility

Continuity

Mobility

Environment friendly

User-centered

• Web X.0• Risk Manage-

ment• Mobility• Green IT

• Consumerization of IT

• Semantic Web

[2007, the National Library of Korea, “The 21th Century Megatrend and Digital Library”]

[The 21th Century Megatrend and Digital Library]

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5. Conclusions

• Implications of Linked Data and Users– Importance of making data smarter

• Libraries provide countless amounts of informa-tion and media

• Libraries need to be a trustworthy entity• Libraries must be placed where permanent ac-

cess to and preservation of data are guaranteed• Libraries should remain faithful to their most ba-

sic and natural role– Providing users with diverse solutions to problems

• How do users think and solve problems? • Is it possible to create a system configuration

(interface configuration) to assist users’ prob-lem-solving process?

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Thank you!!

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[Reference]• http://www.w3.org/2008/Talks/WWW2008-W3CTrack-LOD.pdf• http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/ • http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html • http://events.linkeddata.org/ldow2009/• http://videolectures.net/iswc08_heath_hpldw/ • The National Digital Library, 2007, the 21st Megatrend and Digital

Library• http://www.flickr.com/photos/dullhunk/3448804778/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/pshanks/411196422/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/chavals/2344906748/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/jakecaptive/3205277810/• http://www.flickr.com/photos/54511827@N00/2941262838/