Linkages of Aquaculture - Wetlands - Linkages of Aquaculture - Wetlands - Hydroponics & Industrial Wastewater in Hydroponics & Industrial Wastewater in Central Queensland (Australia) Central Queensland (Australia) Dr. Brett Roe Central Queensland University Plant Sciences Group Queensland, Australia [email protected]
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Linkages of Aquaculture - Wetlands - Hydroponics & Industrial Wastewater in Central Queensland (Australia) Dr. Brett Roe Central Queensland University.
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Linkages of Aquaculture - Wetlands - Hydroponics & Linkages of Aquaculture - Wetlands - Hydroponics & Industrial Wastewater in Central Queensland (Australia)Industrial Wastewater in Central Queensland (Australia)
Dr. Brett Roe Central Queensland UniversityPlant Sciences Group Queensland, [email protected]
Project Location: Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
Mean annual precipitation: 614 mm
AUSTRALIA
Queensland
City of Rockhampton
Location: - 23 24' S lat. 150 30' E log.
Mean annual evaporation: 2243 mm
(1992 - 2002)
Depleted and degraded freshwater supply is the greatest threat currently facing Central Queensland.
Integrate regional water based industry, agribusiness, and ecology for multiple societal benefit.
Constructed wetlands
Aquaculture
Power station wastewater
Floral hydroponics
Integrated Aquaculture and Constructed Wetlands
• Biodiversity • Carbon dioxide sequestration and cycling • Soil and nutrient retention • Direct or indirect water supply• Wetland products / tourism / education
• In-line and discharge water quality control• Secondary crop and / or in situ feed production• Minimal skilled / non-skilled labor• Minimal energy to sustain• One time investment – long operating life
ConstructedWetlands
?
Aquaculture
+
Wetland Services
(RAMSAR, 1996)
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) Red claw (Cherax quadricarinatus)
Schoenoplectus validus
Baumea articulata
SYSTEM DESIGN
Pilot Scale Integration
Rose Hydroponics
Wetlands
Barramundi
Red claw
Water Input
Physical - Hydrological Frameworks
discharge / reuse
RESULTS
Animal and Plant Growth
Barramundi Culture Efficiency
Trial 1 - 2001 Trial 2 - 2002 Trial 3 - 2003
R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2
SGR 2.77 2.72 2.56 2.63 2.52 2.31
feeding rate (% body weight day -1)
2.59 2.63 2.15 2.29 2.50 2.18
FCR 0.80 0.82 0.81 0.85 1.14 0.92
tank culture density (kg m-3)
14.8 14.5 8.5 7.6 20.2 30.2
wetland culture density (kg m-2)
1.4 1.4 0.8 0.7 1.9 2.8
survival % 97.5 100 95 90 75.4 92.3
Barramundi SGR measured at the high end of published SRGs for barramundi cultured commercially in ponds and cages
Barramundi feeding rate measured near the lower end of published feeding rates for fish cultured in integrated wetland systems, but high for commercial barramundi systems.
Barramundi FCRs were very efficient when compared to barramundi cultured commercially, and when compared to fish culture in integrated wetland systems,
Barramundi culture density (with respect to culture wetland surface area) was at least 6 times greater than fish culture densities reported for all other integrated wetland systems
Red Claw Culture Efficiency
trial 1 - 2001 trial 2 - 2002 trial 3 - 2003
R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2
SGR 0.91 0.92 0.60 1.24 0.96 0.98
wetland density (kg m-2)
0.04 0.05 0.18 0.15 0.12 0.14
survival (%) 80.0 70.0 na na 63.0 73.1
Red claw SGRs and survival rates measured at the high end of published SGRs where red claw had been cultured with fish in non-wetland systems.
Red claw SGRs measured at the low end (less efficient) of published SGR values for direct-fed pond cultured red claw.
Red claw culture densities were similar to those reported in crayfish poly-culture systems
Polishing wetland effluent total nitrogen and total phosphorus remained below ANZECC trigger levels roughly 40 % of the time.
● produced three healthy and efficient fish and crayfish harvests
● maintained culture quality water without added resource inputs
● supported local biodiversity
Baumea articulata plants have advantages over Schoenoplectus validus plants.…...
● Biomass production
● Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sequestration
● canopy shade
● frog density
● able to support red claw in a niche habitat, without direct feed inputs
Integrated Floral Hydroponics - Power Station Wastewater - Aquaculture Wastewater
Experiment 2
Trials 1-3
Leonora Christine
• German hybrid tea rose • Robust, long stemmed, repeat flowering, insect
resistant, highly fragrant, large red flowers.
Pilot Integration
Rose Hydroponics
Power station wastewater (trial 1)
Physical - Hydrological Frameworks
Evaporation Pond Discharge
Aquaculture wastewater (trial 2)
Wastewater
Treatment
flowers per 0.45
m2
growth period(day)
stem length (cm)
flowerdiameter (cm)
vase life (day)
Water use per marketable flower (L)
0 % RO H2O
mean 6.8 49.3 42.0 7.7 5.8 10.1
stdv 1.9 1.8 5.2 0.6 0.1 2.7
50 %
mean 7.0 48.3 45.0 7.6 6.0 10.2
stdv 1.4 1.9 3.9 0.4 0.3 2.0
100 %
mean 8.2 48.5 47.5 7.2 5.9 9.8
stdv 2.6 2.6 1.8 0.6 0.1 2.4
Trial 1 : Power Station Wastewater - Results
growth period(day)
stem length (cm)
flowerdiameter
(cm)
vase life (day)
water use per flower (L)
Treatment 1
mean 35.8 46.3 8.0 5.5 10.8
stdv 1.9 8.9 0.7 0 0.3
Treatment 2
mean 35.8 46.1 8.1 5.0 10.7
stdv 4.0 2.2 0.2 0 0.2
Treatment 3
mean 38.8 37.2 7.6 5.7 10.4
stdv 6.4 3.4 0.3 0 0.0
RO H2O
mean 35.1 46.7 8.1 5.3 10.3
stdv 2.2 4.2 0.2 0 0.5
Trial 2 : Aquaculture Wastewater - Results
ConstructedWetlands
Aquaculture+
Power Station Wastewater
Floral Hydroponics
Multi-Benefit Services
• Wastewater re-use• Floral products
Trial 3 Inter-linkage
• Biodiversity • Carbon sequestration and cycling • Soil and nutrient retention • Direct or indirect water supply• Wetland products / tourism / education• Water quality enhancement• Secondary crop production• Minimal skilled / non-skilled labor• One time investment
Trial 3
Power Station + Aquaculture Wastewater - Results
wastewater treatment
growth period(day)
stem length (cm)
flower dia (cm)
Vase life (d)
Liters (l) % bloom
0 %
mean 53.6 68.1 8.0 6.0 16.7 100.0
stdv 1.0 12.9 1.0 0.0 0.7 0.0
50 %
mean 51.3 66.8 8.0 5.7 16.2 100.0
Stdv 5.4 10.5 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.0
100 %
mean 46.5 62.7 7.2 5.8 16.7 40.0
Stdv 6.9 20.2 0.2 0.4 1.3 54.8
Hydroponic rose culture supported by power station wastewater, aquaculture wastewater, and combined power station / aquaculture wastewater are a viable re-use options as flower growth and quality is not impacted.
Experiment Conclusion
The Model
Baumea articulata and Schoenoplectus validus Polishing Wetlands Light Interception and Biomass Increase
0 500 1000 1500 2000
dry
plan
t bio
mas
s (g
ram
m-2
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
light interception (MJ m-2)
0 250 500 750 1000
Baumea articulataSchoenoplectus validus
Baumea articulata
Schoenoplectus validus
Seminar Conclusion
Experiments completed suggest that….
1) Re-use of water and wastewater can better support the needs of industrial, agribusiness, and environmental community sectors if integration methods are employed.
2) Wetlands are well suited for integration with aquaculture.
3) Floral hydroponics is a viable wastewater re-use option.
Linkages of Aquaculture - Wetlands - Hydroponics & Linkages of Aquaculture - Wetlands - Hydroponics & Industrial Wastewater in Central Queensland (Australia)Industrial Wastewater in Central Queensland (Australia)
Dr. Brett Roe Central Queensland UniversityPlant Sciences Group Queensland, [email protected]
Specific growth rate (SGR is relative growth rate (RGR) multiplied by 100):
SGR = RGR x 100 where RGR = [(lnWt – lnW0) / t]Wt = fish fresh weight (g) at harvest;
W0 = fish fresh weight (g) at stocking;t = time.
nitric acid digestion (Tecator digester block) followed by analyses with an Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission System (ICP-OES) against external calibratio