International Conference on Clean Energy for the World's Electricity Grids November 20-22, 2017, Geneva, Switzerland LINK – technology for a complete Smart Grid solution Albana Ilo TU Wien, Vienna, Austria 1
International Conference on
Clean Energy for the World's Electricity GridsNovember 20-22, 2017, Geneva, Switzerland
LINK – technology for a complete Smart Grid solution
Albana Ilo
TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
1
The penetration of the new forms of energy, wind and photovoltaic, in form
of small decentralized plants and slow storage development is challenging:
Problem statement
2
- the power system operation in transmission and distribution level
- the cyber attack risk on power grids is increasing drastically
- the data privacy is being seriously undermined
Virtual Power Plants Microgids
Source: IEEE-PES Task Force on Microgrid Control, “Trends in Microgrid Control”, IEEE Transactions on smart grid, Vol. 5, No. 4, July 2014
…“The adoption of microgrids as the paradigm for the massive integration of
distributed generation will allow technical problems to be solved in a
decentralized fashion, reducing the need for an extremely ramified and complex
central coordination and facilitating the realization of the Smart Grid.”…
Popular concepts in Smart Grids
sufficiently broad to properly characterize the variety of the smart grid
operation?
3
Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”,
Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.
. . . Each time we get into this logjam of too much
trouble, too many problems, it is because the methods,
that we are using are just like the ones we have used
before. The next scheme, the new discovery, is going to
be made in a completely different way. So, history does
not help us much.
Source: RP. Feynman, “The character of physical law”, New York: Modern Library, 1994: p. 158.. Source: Google
Virtual Power Plants Microgids
Are these concepts
___________________________
&
Popular concepts in Smart Grids
4
Source: AA. Ilo (2017) "Demand Response Process in Context of the Unified LINK-Based Architecture". In: Bessède JL. (eds) Eco-design in Electrical Engineering. ED2E
2017. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 440. Springer, Cham.
Complete Smart Grid solution
The complete Smart Grid solution is an answer seeking to solve the
Smart Grid problems as a whole. It should guarantee a stable, reliable
and cost-effective operation of a more environmentally-friendly
smart power system. It should also have the ability to ride through
the transition phase and further on without causing any problems.
“LINK” – The Smart Grid Paradigm
Hardware
Automation
Communication
Electrical applianceControl schema Interface
LINK - Paradigm
A technical system consists of
three major elements:
Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”,
Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.5
“Electrical chain link” or
“LINK” – The Smart Grid Paradigm
Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”,
Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125. 6
LINK - paradigm is defined as a set of one or more electrical appliances –
i.e. a grid part, a storage or a producer device -, the controlling scheme and
the interface .
Definition
Prosumer is a natural or legal person being owner of small electricity or/and storage facilities
which are connected with each other through its own grid. He is connected to the power grid,
but the produced electricity is mainly used to supply his own load. He is selling his electric
energy surplus, and buying electric energy for own use.
Consumers are treated as a special case of prosumers and defined as follows.
Definition
Consumer is a natural or legal person buying electric energy for own use. He is connected to the
power grid through its own grid.
Main components of traditional power systems
7
Grid Consumers Power plants
Storage
Grid
Storage
Prosumers
Main components of smart power systems
LINK - Paradigm
Architecture Elements
Architecture main elements
Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”,
Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125. 8
ProducerPrimary control
Interface
Producer - Link
˜
Set
point
EPO
Primary control
Interface
Storage-Link
StSet
point
Storage
StO
Grid Secondary control
Interface
Grid - Link
TSO
(HVGO) DSO
(MVGO+LVGO)
Control schema
Interface
Electrical appliance
Major architecture components:the Grid-Link
The Grid-Link is defined as a composition of a grid part, called Link_Grid, with the corresponding
Secondary-Control and the Link_Interfaces.
- The Link-Grid size is variable and is defined from the area, where the Link_Secondary-Control is set up.
- The Link-Grid refers to electrical equipment like lines/cables, transformers and reactive power devices, which are
connected directly to each other by forming an electrical unity.
BLiN Tr A
BSN ˜
BLoN
BLiN
BPN
BLoN BLiN BLiN
BLiN
St
Secondary
controlSet point
Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”,
Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.
Operation / Study Link (i)Grid-Link
9
Power system overview based on the “Energy
Supply Chain Net” model: horizontal und vertical axis
Source: A. Ilo “The Energy Supply Chain Net”, Energy and Power Engineering, Volume 5 (5), July 2013.
Per definition the “Energy Supply Chain
Net” is a set of automated power grids,
intended for “Chain Links” or “Links”,
which fit into one an - other to establish a
flexible and reliable electrical connection.
Each individual “Link” or a “Link”-bundle
operates autonomously and have
contractual arrangements with other
relevant boundary “Links”, “Link”-bundles,
and suppliers which inject directly to their
own grid. Each “Link” or “Link”-bundle is
communicatively coupled with the other
relevant “Links” or “Link”-bundle’s via the
usual communication instruments
10
Holistic model of the electrical industry
Harmonisation of power grid physics and market rules
The “Energy Supply Chain Net” model Holistic market model
11Source: Ilo, A. Demand response process in context of the unified LINK-based architecture. In Book Eco-Design in Electrical Engineering- Eco-friendly Methodologies, Solutions
and Example for Application to Electrical Engineering, 1st ed.; Jean-Luc Bessède; Publisher: Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Germany 2017, ISBN 978-3-319-58171-2.
12
Customer Plant
Unified, distributed LINK-based operational architecture
of smart power systems and electricity market
Source: Ilo, A. Demand response process in context of the unified LINK-based architecture. In Book Eco-Design in Electrical Engineering- Eco-friendly Methodologies, Solutions
and Example for Application to Electrical Engineering, 1st ed.; Jean-Luc Bessède; Publisher: Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Germany 2017, ISBN 978-3-319-58171-2.
13Source: Ilo, A. Demand response process in context of the unified LINK-based architecture. In Book Eco-Design in Electrical Engineering- Eco-friendly Methodologies, Solutions
and Example for Application to Electrical Engineering, 1st ed.; Jean-Luc Bessède; Publisher: Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Germany 2017, ISBN 978-3-319-58171-2.
Technical-functional architecture of smart
power systems
14
MV-Grid-Link and Producer-Link, realized and
operated in the framework of ZUQDE project,
Salzburg, Austria
BLiN
˜
MVG
30.0 kV
Secondary
control
˜
˜ ˜
Q Q
U
Q Q
cosf=const
Neighbor LV-Grid-LinkNeighbor LV-Grid-Link
Neighbor HV-Grid-Link
Operation / Study MV-Grid-Link
Lungau
Neighbor LV-Grid-Link
cos(f)=const.
Reactive power and voltage control
15
MV-Grid-Link and Producer-Link, realized and
operated in the framework of ZUQDE project,
Salzburg, Austria
Reactive power and voltage control
16
MV-Grid-Link and Producer-Link, realized and
operated in the framework of ZUQDE project,
Salzburg, Austria
Voltage and load reduction potential
Time Loading case
Supplying
transformer
loading
[MW]
Voltage
reduction
[%]
Load
reduction
[%]
Day 1: 15:38 avarage 16,7 4,33 6,53
Day 1: 16:00 avarage 17,0 4,67 7,06
Day 2: 21:37 minimal 9,7 4,33 4,67
Day 2: 22:13 night current 12,8 4,33 6,57
Energy saving potential
From literature* "… 1% reduction in
voltage results in an avarage 0,4 - 1%
reduction in energy consumption ..."
Expected: circa 2% energy saving
*Measuring the efficency of voltage reduction at
Hydro-Québec distribution, IEEE 2008
on off
Source: A. Ilo, W. Schaffer, T. Rieder, I. Dzafic, Dynamische Optimierung der Verteilnetze: Closed Loop Betriebergebnisse, VDE
Kongress, Stuttgart, Germany, Nov. 2012..
17
Demand response process:
line overload on high voltage grid
Costumer
-LinkCostumer
-Link
HV_LinkOne line is
overloaded.
It is required 2% and
6% demand
reduction in points AH
and BH respectively
AH
BH
MV_Link_12% demand reduction
can be reached by using
CVR. No other actions
are necessary
MV_Link_2Only 5.4% demand
reduction can be reached
by using CVR. Other
actions are necessary
LV_Link_20.2 % demand reduction
can not be realised
within the link. Other
actions are necessary
A2M
B2M
Customer-Link0.4 % demand reduction
by switching off cooling
system. No other actions
are necessary
A1L
-0.01%
new set point
approved
set point
Customer
-LinkA2L
Customer
-Link
LV_Link_10.4 % demand reduction
can not be realised
within the link. Other
actions are necessary
Customer
-Link
LV_Link
HVSO
MVSO_A LVSO-A
LVSO-B
B2L
HMU-123
HMU-945
HMU-1001
Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”, Electric Power Systems Research
- Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.
18
Demand response process:
real-time pricing
Source: Ilo, A. Demand response process in context of the unified LINK-based architecture. In Book Eco-Design in Electrical Engineering- Eco-friendly Methodologies, Solutions
and Example for Application to Electrical Engineering, 1st ed.; Jean-Luc Bessède; Publisher: Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Germany 2017, ISBN 978-3-319-58171-2.
19
Real time load reduction- Demand response in large scale
- Conservation voltage reduction
Conclusions: LINK-paradigm enables the unified
LINK-based architecture of smart power systems and
electricity market which provides:
Cyber security and data
privacy
by minimizing the
number of the
exchanged
data
Facilitates all actual power system operation processeslike load-generation balance, voltage assessment, outage managements, etc.
Minimizes
the restauration
time after black outs
Harmonizes
power systems
physics with the
electricity market rules
Mitigate the ICT
challenge
by minimizing the
number of
exchanged
data
Large scale integration
of decentralized
resources
International Conference on
Clean Energy for the World's Electricity GridsNovember 20-22, 2017, Geneva, Switzerland
LINK – technology for a complete Smart Grid solution
Albana Ilo
TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
20
Thank you for your attention