1 LOCKHEED MARTIN PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Lockheed Martin Australia STASYS Pty Limited MILCIS 2013 Canberra Link 22 Integration Needs Overview Presented by: Jason Longdon (Lockheed Martin Australia Limited) Telephone: +61 (0) 400 858 253 Fax: +61 (0) 2 6211 3799 Email: [email protected]LOCKHEED MARTIN PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Lockheed Martin Australia STASYS Pty Limited 2 Presentation Outline Introduction ADF Operational Context Link 22 Sub-System Functional Overview Link 22 Integration Activities Link 22 Generic Issues Link 22 Extant Products/Development Link 22 CIWG Advert TIE IO Link 22 Trial
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Link 22 Integration Needs Overview LOCKHEED MARTIN PROPRIETARY INFORMATION Lockheed Martin Australia STASYS Pty Limited MILCIS 2013 Canberra Link 22 Integration Needs Overview …
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LOCKHEED MARTIN PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Lockheed Martin Australia STASYS Pty Limited
MILCIS 2013 Canberra
Link 22 Integration Needs Overview
Presented by: Jason Longdon (Lockheed Martin Australia Limited)
To introduce the principles of Tactical Data Link Integration, within the context of Link 22
To provide Integrators and Users with a Functional Overview
Introduce the Existing and Future “Electronic Boxes” that implement the Link 22 functionality
LOCKHEED MARTIN PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Lockheed Martin Australia STASYS Pty Limited
4
• ADF Beyond Line Of Sight (BLOS) Need
Identified by ADF TIE IO BLOS Study
Reinforced by AUSCANNZUKUS C4 Committee - L11 has endured for over 50 years
- Significant vulnerabilities in the L11 architecture - Mounting crypto equipment and terminal sustainment issues lead to significant negative impact on the Allied BLOS TDL capability - AUS and NZL have dispersed mobile and deployed joint forces that lack the persistent 24/7 airborne assets required to affect Link 16 (RF) LOS relay - Need viable BLOS TDL capability where satellite access is limited or denied. - Of replacement TDL Options available, only L22 (HF) can provide a persistent J-series compliant BLOS TDL capability
ADF Operational Need
* Information from April 2010 CCIB Presentation
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IU01 Radar Surveillance
Range
IU 02 Radar Surveillance Range
IU 01
IU 02 (Radar Picket, Surf Attack Unit,
Third Party Targeting Unit or
Indep’t Ops – Airspace Mgt)
IU 10
HQ = No Sensors
Receives all network participants
( IUs) and all their tracks
(Receive, Plot and Update)
Common Tracking Zone
MUST be IAW Reporting
Responsibility & Correlation
Rules / Tolerances set by Mil-Std 6016
Reach-Back/Forward (Globally)
(One Deployed C2 unit assigned within TG
to reach back to fixed site
One way Transmission / Broadcast)
No Higher Latency
Could use IP / COP connection
Intra-Zone Via SATCOM Exchanging Common Tracks, must follow
rules
Both IU active on Satcom Link
Increased Latency, Subject to Satcom
availability
i.e 300 NM
i.e 300 NM
Typical HF TDL (> 300NM) or
Airborne Link 16 Relay, if available
Typical Ops >25NM to 60Nm and
Greater
Low Latency for Third Party Targeting
RF must be tactically employed
and available 24/7 = Persistent
TN 01001
TN 02000
Radar contact held only by IU 01
and reported as Remote Track
to all participants
i.e 300 NM
512 NM
Broadcast
(i.e. JREAP
to exchange
J-series Messages)
Approx 250 millisecond delay
National TDL (Connects all Tactical Sites, Sensors,
Exercise Areas and Weapon Ranges
Together)
MEZ
Inter/Intra-Zone Via HF
Common Tracks
Low Latency
Persistent
NATIONAL WAN
MEZ
BLOS TDL HF • BLOS TDL Layers
ADF Operational Need
* Information from April 2010 CCIB Presentation
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Link 16
CSG
CSG
Link 22
Coalition ships
Coalition Ships
Land
Link 22
Link 16
JREAP
Data
Forwarder
VMF
Coalition Ships
JREAP
JDNO & JICO
OP HQ
BLOS TDL HF
• MTN: Future Concepts
ADF Operational Need
* Information from April 2010 CCIB Presentation
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• Potential Platforms
LHD
AWD
FFH
Naval Helicopters
Maritime Patrol Aircraft
Broad Air Maritime Surveillance
ADF Operational Need
LOCKHEED MARTIN PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
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• Key Issues
Require persistence BLOS coverage without airbourne relay
SATCOM IP routing coverage
IP network design
Self managing of networks
Operate in disparate and out of LOS locations
Point to Point BLOS
ADF Operational Need
5
LOCKHEED MARTIN PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
Lockheed Martin Australia STASYS Pty Limited
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Link 22 Introduction
• Link 22 History On A Page
Why
– NATO identified a need to replace Link 11
– Increasing TDL performance required
When
– Definition 1989 to 1992
– Build 1992 to 2002
– Maintain 2002 – ongoing (2013)
What
– Network control software, cryptographic equipment,
RF modem, interface definition and test environment
– Assistance with message standard & integration
How
– Project Management Office set up by 7 NILE Nations
LOCKHEED MARTIN PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
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Link 22 Introduction
• Link 22 In Comparison
Link 1 Link 11 Link 11B IJMS Link 16 Link 22
Bearer Landline Radio
HF/UHF Multi-Media
Radio
UHF
Radio
UHF
Radio
HF/UHF
Speed / bps 1,200 1,800 1,200 28,800 53,760
or greater
Between HF 1,484 & UHF 12,645
ECM Resistance N/A CLEW-None
SLEW-Limited
Bearer dependent
High High Medium
Encrypted No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Strengths Air Data Sharing
Widely Fitted Full Duplex Air Control
Data Rate
Air Control Voice,
Imagery, Data
Granularity
Data Routing
TBLOS
Priority Interrupt
Weaknesses
Air Only
No Platform Data, Old
Nodal
Granularity
Gridlock
Granularity
Point-Point
Compatibility
Terminal Size
LOS
LOS
FCA
Management
Capacity
HF
10
6
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Link 22 Introduction
• Link 22 Key Characteristics
Dynamic Time Division Multiple Access
Dynamic Congestion Management
Multi-Medium (RF)
Multi-Network
Routing and Relay
Mission Area Sub Networks
Late Network Entry
Dynamic Reconfiguration/Initialization
LOCKHEED MARTIN PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
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12
Link 22 Introduction
• Link 22 Technical Characteristics
Media Types: HF FF, HF EPM, UHF FF and UHF EPM
Coverage: Up to 1000 nmiles (with relay)
Jam Resistance: Signal Processing with Error Detection and Correction, Network Packet Encryption (COMSEC) and ECM resistance (TRANSEC)
System Error Resistance: Goal of BER in Order
of 1x10-4
Robustness: Good. Non-nodal, Relay Available,
Multiple Sub-Nets and Dynamic Route
Selection
Medium Access: Time Division Multiple Access,
Optionally Dynamic
7
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Link 22 Introduction
• Link 22 Technical Characteristics
Throughput: HF FF: (QPSK max) 31 messages per
sec, (8PSK max) 45 messages per sec
UHF FF: Approx 150 messages per sec
(Assuming 10 users over a cycle of ten
seconds, equates to track update rate)
User Data Rate: HF FF: 1493 – 4053bps,
HF EPM: 500 – 2200bps
UHF FF: 12667bps,
UHF EPM: Classified
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Link 22 Introduction
• Link 22 Technical Characteristics
Max No. of SN Participants: 125
Max No. NN of: 8 (in SN), 4 (per NU)
8
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Link 22 Introduction
• Link 22 Misunderstandings
“Link 22 or Link 16!”
– Link 22 was designed to complement Link 16
– Link 22 offers the ability to “offload” communications
“You need new radios”
– Link 22 was specified to use and has been demonstrated against existing Link 11 radios
“Nobody is installing Link 22”
– There are installations operating on Italian, Danish and
French platforms
– Trials have been undertaken on Finnish and German platforms
“Link 22 is not interoperable with Link 16”
– Link 22 uses a majority of Link 16 messages as is
– Link 22 shares the same data dictionary
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Link 22 Introduction
• Link 22 CONEMP and CONOPS Overview
Operational Functions
– Network Design, Network Initialisation
– Network Amendment
– NILE Network Roles
– Multi-Link Roles
User Roles
– Network Planning
– Network Management
– Tactical Information Exchange Functions
Multi-Link Integration
Radio Frequency Integration
9
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Link 22 Introduction
• Link 22 Messaging
Contained within STANAG 5522
- Shares the J – Series family data dictionary
Labelled F and FJ Series
- F Series are a 72bit word Link 22 unique structure
- FJ Series are a 72bit word directly incorporating a J Series message structure
Operational Implementation
- Network Management
- Participation and Location Information
- Surveillance
- Electronic Warfare and Intelligence
- Underwater Warfare
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Link 22 Introduction
• Link 22 Messaging (cont.)
Operational Implementation
- Information Management
- Weapons Control
- Weapons Co-ordination/Mission Management
- Control (Not Fighters) / Control Co-ordination
- Status
10
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Link 22 Sub-System Functional Overview
• Link 22 System Components NILE COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT (NCE)
CRYPTO
CRYPTO
CRYPTO
CRYPTO
LLC
TDS DLP SNC
SPC
SPC
SPC
SPC
T O D
RADIO
RADIO
RADIO
RADIO
Link 22
Test and Validation
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Link 22 Sub-System Functional Overview
• Host/Tactical Data System
Provides the Tactical Information Interface
Generates Tactical Data for Transmission
Processes Tactical Data Received
Conducts Operational Functions
Provides Platform Dependent Human Computer Interface to the Tactical Data Link Information Exchange
Maintains and Manages Tactical Data
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Link 22 Sub-System Functional Overview
• Data Link Processor (Super) Network Establishment