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AA FASD SAP YPE ATOD DSM NA IYS SPF CDC DFC IADDA
SAMHSA ONDCP NREPP IISAP NIDA BAC CAPT SADD CPRD
FASD IDHS SAPP ISBE IOM CSAP MADD NIAAA AA FASD
SAP YPE ATOD DSM NA IYS SPF CDC DFC IADDA SAMHSA
ONDCP NREPP IISAP NIDA BAC CAPT SADD CPRD FASD
IDHS SAPP ISBE IOM CSAP MADD NIAAA FASD SAP YPE
ATOD DSM NA IYS SPF CDC DFC IADDA SAMHSA ONDCP
NREPP IISAP NIDA BAC CAPT SADD CPRD FASD IDHS SAPP
ISBE IOM CSAP MADD NIAAA FASD SAP YPE ATOD DSM NA
IYS SPF CDC DFC IADDA SAMHSA ONDCP NREPP IISAP NIDA
BAC CAPT SADD CPRD FASD IDHS SAPP ISBE IOM CSAP
MADD NIAAA AA FASD SAP YPE ATOD DSM NA IYS SPF
CDC DFC IADDA SAMHSA ONDCP NREPP IISAP NIDA BAC
CAPT SADD CPRD AA FASD SAP YPE ATOD DSM NA IYS
SPF CDC DFC IADDA SAMHSA ONDCP NREPP IISAP NIDA
BAC CAPT SADD CPRD FASD IDHS SAPP ISBE IOM CSAP
MADD NIAAA AA FASD SAP YPE ATOD DSM NA IYS SPF
CDC DFC IADDA SAMHSA ONDCP NREPP IISAP NIDA BAC
CAPT SADD CPRD FASD IDHS SAPP ISBE IOM CSAP MADD
NIAAA AA FASD SAP YPE ATOD DSM NA IYS SPF CDC DFC
IADDA SAMHSA ONDCP NREPP IISAP NIDA BAC CAPT SADD
A guide to
substance abuse
prevention
terminology
PREVENTION LINGO
Funded in whole or in part by the Illinois Department of Human Services, Division of Substance Use Prevention and Recovery through a grant from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
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Welcometothefieldofsubstanceabuseprevention!
Enteringanewprofessionorevenanewcommunitycanoftenmakeyoufeellikeyouareastepbehindeveryoneelsewhenitcomestoterminology.Gettingthe“lingo”downisoftenoneofthemostdifficulttaskstomaster.Doctors,lawyers,constructionworkers,librariansandevenclerksatyourfavoritecoffeehousespeakintheirown“code.”This“PreventionLingo”bookletismeanttoassistyouindecipheringthepreventionfield’s“code.”Itcontainsmanyofthetermsandacronymsthatyouwillencounterduringyourtenureinthesubstanceabusepreventionfield.Thefirstseveralpagesofthe“PreventionLingo”bookletlistcommonlyusedacronymsyouwillbegintohearduringyourwork.TheselistswillgiveyoutheabilitytounderstandwhatCSAPisandtoknowwhomtocallwhenyouareaskedtocontactCPRD.Inadditiontotheacronyms,therearedefinitionsoftermsandphrasestohelpyoubetterunderstandthecontextinwhichyouareworking.Wehopeyouwillusethisbookletasaresourcewhileyouarestartingoutinyournewroleasasubstanceabusepreventionprovider.Manyofthegovernmentalagencies,organizationsandassociationslistedinthisguideofferusefulinformationandresourcesrelevanttopreventionists’work.
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GeneralAcronymsTheseacronymsarecommonlyusedwithinthepreventionfieldinIllinois.Mostoftheacronymsarespokenbysayingeachletter,suchasAA.Othersarepronouncedaswords,suchas“spiff”(SPF).Thepronunciationforeachacronymisinquotationmarks.Acronym MeaningofAcronym AA AlcoholicsAnonymous
AOD AlcoholandOtherDrugs
ATOD Alcohol,TobaccoandOtherDrugs
BAC BloodAlcoholContent
BAL BloodAlcoholLevel
CA CocaineAnonymous
CCA ChicagoCommunityArea
COA ChildrenofAlcoholics
DSM DiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders
DUI DrivingUndertheInfluence
DWI DrivingWhileIntoxicated
EAP EmployeeAssistanceProgram
FA FamiliesAnonymous
FASD FetalAlcoholSpectrumDisorder
IISAP“i‐sap” IllinoisIntroductiontoSubstanceAbusePrevention
IYS IllinoisYouthSurvey
LGBTQIA Lesbian,Gay,Bisexual,Transgender,Queer,Intersex,Asexual
NA NarcoticsAnonymous
PSA PublicServiceAnnouncement
PTA/PTO ParentTeacherAssociationorOrganization
SAP StudentAssistanceProgram
SBI ScreeningandBriefIntervention
SPF“spiff” StrategicPreventionFramework
SUD“sud” SubstanceUseDisorder
TA TechnicalAssistance
YAC“yak” YouthAdvisoryCommittee
YPE YouthPreventionEducation
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StateandNationalGovernmentalEntities,Organizations,AssociationsandProgramsAcronym MeaningofAcronym CADCA“cad‐ka” CommunityAnti‐DrugCoalitionsofAmerica
CADCAisanonprofitorganizationthatworkstostrengthenthecapacityofcommunitycoalitionsacrossthecountryintheirefforttocreateandmaintainsafe,healthyanddrug‐freecommunities.
CDC CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionCDC’smissionistocollaborativelycreatetheexpertise,informationandtoolsthatpeopleandcommunitiesneedtoprotecttheirhealththroughhealthpromotion,preventionofdisease,injuryanddisability,andpreparednessfornewhealththreats.
CAPT“kapt” CenterfortheApplicationofPreventionTechnologiesSAMHSA'sCenterfortheApplicationofPreventionTechnologies(CAPT)isanationalsubstanceabusepreventionsystemcommittedtostrengtheningpreventioneffortsatthenational,regional,state,andlocallevels;andtobuildingthenation’ssubstanceabusepreventionworkforce.
CGTI CebrinGoodmanTeenInstituteTheCebrinGoodmanTeenInstitute(CGTI)issponsoredbytheIllinoisAssociationforBehavioralHealth(IABH).CGTIoffersopportunitiesforteensaroundthestatetolearnaboutleadership,healthychoices,andworkingwithotherstocreatebettercommunities.
CPRD CenterforPreventionResearchandDevelopmentCPRDisfundedbytheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanServicesSubstanceAbusePreventionProgramtomanageanonlinereportingsystem,supportevaluationandadministertheIllinoisYouthSurvey.
CSAP“c‐sap” CenterforSubstanceAbusePreventionHousedwithintheSubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministration,CSAPprovidesnationalleadershipinthefederalefforttopreventalcohol,tobaccoandotherdrugproblems.
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Acronym MeaningofAcronymCSAPS“c‐saps”
ChicagoSubstanceAbusePreventionServicesCSAPSisagrantprogramoftheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanServicesSubstanceAbusePreventionProgramestablishedin2017toprovidesubstanceabusepreventionservicesintheCityofChicago.
DCFS IllinoisDepartmentofChildrenandFamilyServicesDCFSisthedepartmentofIllinoisstategovernmentresponsibleforchildprotectiveservices.DCFSaimstoprotectchildrenwhoarereportedtobeabusedorneglectedandtoincreasetheirfamilies'capacitytosafelycareforthem.
DEA DrugEnforcementAdministrationTheDEAisaUnitedStatesfederallawenforcementagencyundertheU.S.DepartmentofJusticetaskedwithcombatingdrugsmugglingandusewithintheUnitedStates.TheDEAistheleadagencyfordomesticenforcementoftheControlledSubstancesAct.
DFC Drug‐FreeCommunitiesSupportProgramDFCisafederalgrantprogramthatprovidesfundingtocommunity‐basedcoalitionsthatorganizetopreventyouthsubstanceuse.ThegoalsoftheDFCaretoestablishandstrengthencollaborationamongmultiplecommunitystakeholderstopreventandreduceyouthsubstanceabuse,andtoreduceadultsubstanceabuseovertimebyreducingcommunityriskfactorsassociatedwithit.
IABH IllinoisAssociationforBehavioralHealthFormerlyIllinoisAlcoholismandDrugDependenceAssociation(IADDA),IABHisastatewideorganizationrepresentingaddictionandmentalillnessprevention,treatmentandrecoveryservicesagencies,staff,consumers,affiliatedorganizations,andcorporations.IABHeducatesabouttheimportanceofBehavioralHealth,andadvocatesforsoundpublicpoliciesinthebehavioralhealthfield.
ICB IllinoisCertificationBoardPreviouslyknownasIAODAPCA,ICBisaprivate,nonprofitorganizationthatpromotesstandardsforprofessionalsinthealcoholandotherdrugabusefieldincludingcertificationforpreventionanddrugcounselingprofessionals.
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Acronym MeaningofAcronymIC&RC
InternationalCertification&ReciprocityConsortiumTheIC&RCsetstheinternationalstandardsofpracticeforaddictioncounseling,preventionandclinicalsupervisionthroughthetestingandcredentialingofaddictionprofessionals.
IDHS IllinoisDepartmentofHumanServicesCreatedin1997,IDHSprovidesourstate'sresidentswithstreamlinedaccesstoservices,especiallythosewhoarestrivingtomovefromwelfaretoworkandeconomicindependence.
IDPH IllinoisDepartmentofPublicHealthThemissionofIDPHistoprotectthehealthandwellnessofthepeopleofIllinoisthroughtheprevention,healthpromotion,regulation,andthecontrolofdiseaseandinjury.
ILCC IllinoisLiquorControlCommissionTheILCCisresponsibleforissuingstateliquorlicenses,conductinginspectionsatlicensedentitiesandeducatingtheliquorindustryonthelawsthatgovernliquorandtobaccosalesthroughoutIllinois.
ISBE“is‐bee” IllinoisStateBoardofEducationCreatedin1975,theboardsetsstateeducationalpoliciesandguidelinesforschools,preschoolthroughgrade12.TheyassistschoolsanddistrictsinbuildingcapacityforcontinuousimprovementandtheachievementoftheIllinoisLearningStandards.
MADD“mad” MothersAgainstDrunkDrivingThemissionofMADDistoenddrunkdriving,helpfightdruggeddriving,supportthevictimsoftheseviolentcrimes,andpreventunderagedrinking.
NACoA NationalAssociationofChildrenofAlcoholicsNACoA’smissionistoeliminatetheadverseimpactofalcoholanddruguseonchildrenandfamiliesbyraisingpublicawareness,providingleadershipinpublicpolicyatthenational,stateandlocallevels,andadvocatingforappropriate,effectiveandaccessibleeducationandpreventionservices.
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Acronym MeaningofAcronymNAM
NationalAcademyofMedicineNAM,establishedin1970underthenameInstituteofMedicine(IOM),providesnationaladviceonissuesrelatingtobiomedicalscience,medicine,andhealth,andservesasanadvisertothenationtoimprovehealth.
NASADAD TheNationalAssociationofStateAlcoholandDrugAbuseDirectorsNASADADisaprivate,not‐for‐profiteducational,scientific,andinformationalorganization.NASADAD’sbasicpurposeistofosterandsupportthedevelopmentofeffectivealcoholandotherdrugabusepreventionandtreatmentprogramsthroughouteveryState.
NIAAA“n‐i‐trip‐ple‐a”
NationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuseandAlcoholismNIAAAisoneofthe27institutesandcentersthatcomprisetheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH).NIAAAsupportsandconductsresearchontheimpactofalcoholuseonhumanhealthandwell‐being.Itisthelargestfunderofalcoholresearchintheworld.
NIDA“nigh‐da” NationalInstituteonDrugAbuseNIDA’smissionistoadvancescienceonthecausesandconsequencesofdruguseandaddictionandtoapplythatknowledgetoimproveindividualandpublichealth.
NPN NationalPreventionNetworkTheNPNisanorganizationofstatealcoholandotherdrugabusepreventionrepresentativesthatprovidesanationaladvocacyandcommunicationsystemforprevention.
NREPP“n‐rep” NationalRegistryofEvidence‐BasedProgramsandPracticesNREPPisasearchabledatabaseofinterventionsforthepreventionandtreatmentofmentalandsubstanceusedisorders.SAMHSAdevelopedthisresourcetohelpthepubliclearnmoreaboutevidence‐basedinterventionsthatareavailableforimplementation.
OJJDP OfficeofJuvenileJusticeandDelinquencyPreventionOJJDP,acomponentoftheOfficeofJusticePrograms,U.S.DepartmentofJustice,providesfundingandsupporttostatesandcommunitiesintheireffortstodevelopandimplementeffectiveprogramsforjuveniles.TheOfficestrivestostrengtheneffortstoprotectpublicsafety,holdoffendersaccountableandprovideservicesthataddresstheneedsofyouthandtheirfamilies.
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Acronym MeaningofAcronymONDCP
OfficeofNationalDrugControlPolicyONDCP,acomponentoftheExecutiveOfficeofthePresident,wasestablishedbytheAnti‐DrugAbuseActof1988.ONDCPworkstoreducedruguseanditsconsequencesbyleadingandcoordinatingthedevelopment,implementation,andassessmentofU.S.drugpolicy.
PFS PartnershipsforSuccessThepurposeoftheIllinoisPFSgrantistouseacommunity‐basedparticipatoryapproachtoaddressingunderagedrinkingthroughevidence‐basedenvironmentalstrategies.
SABG SubstanceAbuse(PreventionandTreatment)BlockGrantSABGisthefederalgovernment’sprimarysourceoffundingtoStatesfordrugandalcoholtreatmentandforprimarypreventionprograms.TheSABGisadministeredbytheSubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministration.
SADD“sad” StudentsAgainstDestructiveDecisionsSADDisapeer‐to‐peereducation,preventionandactivismorganizationdedicatedtopreventingdestructivedecisions,particularlyunderagedrinking,otherdruguse,riskyandimpaireddriving,teenviolenceandteensuicide.
SAMHSA“sam‐sah”
SubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministrationSAMHSAistheagencywithintheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesthatleadspublichealtheffortstoadvancethebehavioralhealthofthenation.TheagencyprovidestheSubstanceAbusePreventionandTreatment(SAPT)BlockGrantfundingtostates.
SAPP“sap” SubstanceAbusePreventionProgramSAPPisaprogramoftheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanServiceswhichfundsagenciesthroughoutIllinoistodeliversubstanceabusepreventionservices.Fundedagenciesworkwithintheircommunitiestohelpachievestatepreventiongoals.
SAPS“saps” SubstanceAbusePreventionServicesSAPSisagrantprogramoftheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanServicesSubstanceAbusePreventionProgramestablishedin2017toprovidesubstanceabusepreventionservicesinsuburban,otherurban,andruralareasofIllinois(excludingtheCityofChicago).
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Acronym MeaningofAcronymSRSAPS“s‐r‐saps”
StateandRegionalSubstanceAbusePreventionServicesSRSAPSisagrantprogramoftheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanServicesSubstanceAbusePreventionProgramestablishedin2017toprovidesubstanceabusepreventionservicesininregionsandthroughstatewideinitiativesinIllinois.
SUPR“super” DivisionofSubstanceUsePreventionandRecoverySUPRistheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanService’sleadagencyprimarilyresponsibleforprovidingprevention,interventionandtreatmentservicesrelatedtoalcohol,tobaccoandotherdrugstocitizensofIllinois.
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CommonTermsandDefinitionsInadditiontothemanyacronymsfrequentlyusedinconversationamongsubstanceabuseprofessionals,youwillalsoencountertermsandphrasesspecifictoourfield.Thefollowingpagesareanalphabeticallistingofcommontermsandphrasesyouwillneedtounderstandasyougainmoreexperienceinthefieldofsubstanceabuseprevention.AdaptationThemodificationofaspectsofaprogramorpractice,includingcontent,deliverymethodandlengthofprogramsessions.AgeofOnsetTheageoffirstuse.ArchivalDataRelativetothecollectionofdataforneedsassessmentpurposes,informationthatalreadyexistsandiscollectedandstoredonaperiodicbasis.Manypublicagenciescollectdatathatcanbeuseddirectlyorindirectlyforanoverallpictureofsubstanceuseorabusewithinaspecificgeographicarea(e.g.,U.S.censusdataandschoolreportcards).AssessmentTheformalandobjectiveprocessofcollectingandanalyzingvaliddatatoidentifypatternsthatyieldmeaningfulandactionableinformation.Areasofassessmentincludecontextualconditions,needs(i.e.,problems),resources,readinesstoidentifybehaviorsandconditionsasproblemsandtakeaction,organizationalinfrastructureandcapacity,andgapsinservices.BaselineObservationsordataaboutthetargetareaandtargetpopulationpriortoprograminterventionthatcanbeusedasabasisforcomparisonfollowingprogramimplementation.BestPracticesStrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenshownthroughsubstantialresearchandevaluationtobeeffectiveatpreventingand/ordelayingsubstanceabuse.CapacityBuildingIncreasingtheabilityandskillsofcoalitions,individuals,groupsandorganizationstoplan,deliverandevaluatesubstanceabusepreventionefforts.CoalitionAgroupofpeoplerepresentingthecommunitywhoworktogethertowardacommoncause.
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CommunicationCampaignCommunicationcampaignsutilizeapurposefulpromotionalstrategytochangeknowledge,attitudes,behaviororpolicyamongaspecific,intendedaudienceviamarketingandadvertisingtechniques.CommunityReadinessTheextenttowhichacommunityisadequatelyprepared(awareness,interest,abilityandwillingness)tosupportandaddresssubstanceabusepreventionefforts.ComprehensiveApproachThedeliveryofservicesinmultipledomainsorspheresofinfluence(youth,families,schoolandcommunities)thattargetsthesamepopulationineachspheretoreinforceconsistentmessagesthatdeteryouthalcohol,tobaccoandotherdruguse.ConsequencesConsequencesdescribewhathappenswhenpeopleusesubstances.LocalATOD‐relatedconsequencesmayinclude:trafficcrashesorfatalities,arrests,crime/violence,treatmentadmissions,DUIoffenses,hospitalizations,orschoolsuspensions/expulsions.Consequencedataistypicallyarchivaldata,ordatacollectedbylawenforcementagencies,hospitals,schools,orothercommunityentities.ConsumptionPatternsConsumptionpatternsdescribethewaypeopledrink,smokeanduseillicitdrugs.CommonmeasuresforATODconsumptioninclude:lifetimeuse,ageoffirstuse,past‐yearand30‐dayuseandhigh‐riskbehaviors,suchasdrinkinganddriving,ridingwithadrinkingdriver,andbingedrinking.Consumptiondatatendstobecollectedthroughsurveysorotherself‐reporteddata.ContributingFactorsContributingfactorsarevariablesthathavebeenidentifiedasbeingstronglyrelatedto,andinfluentialin,theoccurrenceandmagnitudeofsubstanceuseproblems.Datarelatedtocontributingfactorsareacriticalpartofaneedsassessment,becausetheyhelptoexplainwhatisdrivingthelocallyidentifiedproblem.CriticalIncidentsEventsthatoccurthatimpacttheattitudes,perceptionsandnormsinacommunity.CulturalCompetenceTheabilitytoworkeffectivelyacrossculturesbytranscendingpersonalparadigms(e.g.,valuesandattitudes)andadoptingandimplementingbehaviorsandpracticesthathonorandrespectthebeliefs,language,interpersonalstyles,andbehaviorsofothers.
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Data‐DrivenDecisionMakingTheprocessofexaminingandutilizingdatatomakeinformeddecisionsregardingprogramplanning,selection,implementation,improvementordiscontinuation.DataSourcesDocumentssuchasschoolrecords,sign‐insheetsandsatisfactionsurveysthatcontainqualitativeandquantitativeinformationaboutaprogram.DosageTheamountofprogramcontentaparticipantreceives.
DrugAnysubstancewhich,whentaken,changesoneormoreofaperson’smentalorphysicalfunctions.DurationThetotallengthoftheinterventionorprogram.EnvironmentalApproachesStrategiesthathelpalterpolicies,procedures,systemsandattitudesandaimtochangeorinfluencecommunitystandards,institutions,structuresandattitudesthatshapeindividuals’behavior.Environmentalapproachesareusedtochangepublicperceptionsandattitudes,improveandenforcelawsandregulations,decreasetheavailabilityoforaccesstoharmfuldrugs,andaddressotherfactorsaffectingpublichealthandsafety.Evidence‐BasedPreventionPrinciples,strategiesandprogramsthatarebasedontheory,arewellimplementedandhavedemonstratedapositiveeffectonspecifiedbehaviorsorriskfactors.Evidence‐basedpreventionisbasedonresearchthatmeetscommonlyagreed‐uponcriteriaandisguidedbycredibleandsubstantiatedresearchevaluation.FidelityThedegreetowhichaprogramorpolicyisimplementedaccordingtoitsdesign.FocusGroupAsmallgroupofpeoplewithsharedcharacteristicswhotypicallyparticipate,underthedirectionofamoderator,inafocuseddiscussiondesignedtoidentifyperceptionsandopinionsaboutaspecifictopicinordertocollectbackgroundinformation,createnewideasandhypotheses,assessaprogramorinterpretresultsfromotherdatasources.GoalsGeneralstatementsofmajoraccomplishmentsthatneedtobeachievedtorealizeanexpressedvision.Goalsgenerallydescribechangesinbehaviorsthatwillpreventproblemsandrelatedconsequences.
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ImpactLong‐term,globaleffectsofaprogramorinterventiononthebehaviorofthetargetpopulation.IndicatedPreventionTargetsindividualswhodonotmeetthecriteriaforaddictionbutwhoareexhibitingearlysignsofproblematicsubstanceuse.IndicatorAmeasurablebehaviororcondition(e.g.,30‐dayuse,perceptionofharm)thatisreflectiveofanoverarchingproblemorcondition,whichcanbemonitoredtoevaluatechangeovertime.IntensityThefrequencywithwhichthetargetaudiencereceivestheprogramintervention.InterventionAprogram,activity,strategyorapproachusedtopreventorlowertherateofsubstanceabuse.LogicModelAflowchartorgraphicdisplayrepresentingatheoryofchangeastohowspecificinterventionswillimpactaspecificproblemandit’sidentifiedinterveningvariables/contributingfactors.LinkageAgreementAwrittendocument(formalorinformal)thatclarifieseachpreventionpartner’sroleandresponsibilitywhenthereisalreadyawillingnesstoworktogether.MediaAdvocacyThestrategicuseofmediaforadvancingasocialorpublicpolicyinitiative.MissionStatementAstatementthatdescribesanorganization’spurpose.NormsAbehaviororbeliefthatisconsideredtypicalofacommunity.ObjectivesSpecificstatementsthatarelogicallylinkedtodesiredgoalsanddescribechangesintheunderlyingconditionsthatmustoccurtoachievethesegoals.
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OutcomeAstatementofintendedaccomplishmentthatdemonstratesthatquantifiableprogressisbeingmade.Outcomesmaybeimmediate(e.g.,achangeinknowledge,skills,abilities,perceptions,orattitudes—typicallymeasuredbyapre‐andpost‐testafteranintervention);intermediate(e.g.,achangeinunderlyingcausalconditions);orlongterm(e.g.,achangeinbehavior).Inanycase,outcomestatementsshouldbespecific,measurable,achievable,realistic,andtimelimited.OutcomeEvaluationSystematicprocessofcollecting,analyzingandinterpretingdatatodetermineiftherehavebeenchangesinstatedoutcomes(communityconditionsorcharacteristics).PoliciesFormallycodifiedrules,regulations,standards,orlawsthataredesignedtopreventproblems(e.g.,minimum‐agepurchaselawsforalcoholandtobacco);orinformalandunwrittenstandardsandnorms(e.g.,decisionstoprioritizeprosecutionofcertainoffenses,suchassalesofage‐restrictedproductstominors).PreventionAproactiveprocessthatempowersindividualsandsystemstomeetthechallengesoflifeeventsandtransitionsbycreatingandreinforcingconditionsthatpromotehealthybehaviorsandlifestyles.PreventionScienceIncludesallscientificefforts(research,observation,study)supportingthedevelopmentofinterventionsthatpreventtheonsetofproblematic,social,psychologicalorphysicaldisordersoroutcomes.PrinciplesTenantsorconceptsderivedfrompreventionresearch(quantitativeandqualitativemeta‐analyticstudiesorfromexpertpanelsthatreviewresearchliteratureanddrawconsensusagreements)thatcanbeprescriptiveinprovidingimplementationdirections.Pre‐testandPost‐testDatacollectionthatisconductedbeforeandaftertheprograminterventiontomeasureaprogram’seffectiveness.ProblemStatementAconcisedescriptionofthepriorityproblemsandconsequencesthatexist,whichwereidentifiedduringtheassessmentprocessandwhichtheplanningprocesswilladdress.
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ProcessEvaluationAdescriptiveandongoingassessmentprocessthatidentifieswhatactivitieswereimplemented,thequalityoftheimplementationandthestrengthsandweaknessesoftheimplementation.Processevaluationeffortsproduceusefulfeedbacktorefineprograms,determinewhichactivitiesweremostsuccessful,documentsuccessfulprocessesforfuturereplicationanddemonstrateprogramactivitiesbeforedemonstratingoutcomes.ProtectiveFactorAnattribute,situation,conditionorenvironmentalcontextthatworkstoshelteranindividualfromthelikelihoodofATODuse.QualitativeDataContextualinformationthatusuallydescribesparticipantsandinterventionsreportedinnarrativeformsuchasdescriptionsofprograms,testimonials,open‐endedresponsestoquestions,etc.QuantitativeDataInformationaboutaninterventiongatheredinnumericformandanalyzedwithstatisticstotesthypothesesandtrackthestrengthanddirectionofeffects.ReachThetotalnumberofindividualsaffectedbytheprogramorpractice.ReplicateToimplementaprograminasettingotherthantheoneforwhichitoriginallywasdesignedandimplemented,withattentiontothefaithfultransferofitscoreelementstothenewsetting.ResiliencyTheabilitytocopesuccessfullywithsignificantadversityorriskortoovercomethenegativeeffectsofriskfactors.RiskFactorsIndividualattributesandcommunityandfamilyconditionsthatincreasethelikelihoodofdruguseorabuseorthatmayleadtoanincreaseofcurrentuse.SectorAspecifieddemographicpopulationofthecommunitythatrepresentsthegroups’interestswithinthecommunityasawhole.Examplesinclude:youth;parents;businesscommunity;school;lawenforcementagenciesetc.
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SelectivePreventionPreventioneffortsthattargetsubsetsofthepopulationthataredeemedtobeathigherriskforsubstanceabusebyvirtueoftheirmembershipinaparticularpopulationsegment.Targetedsubgroupsmaybeidentifiedonthebasisofbiological,psychological,socialorenvironmentalriskfactorssuchasfamilyhistory(i.e.childrenofalcoholics)orplaceofresidence(i.e.highdrug‐useneighborhoods).Social‐NormsMarketingTheprocessofapplyingmarketingconceptstosocialandhealthissuesinordertopromotepositive,truenormspracticedbythemajorityofagrouporpopulationthroughmassmedia.StakeholderThoseindividualsororganizationsthatwillbeinvolvedin,affectedby,interestedin,orhavepoweroveraninitiativeinonewayoranother.StrategicPlanningAdisciplinedandfocusedefforttoproducedecisionsandactivitiesthatguidethesuccessfulimplementationofanintervention.StrategyAcourseofactionthatisbasedonatheoryofchange(alogicalbelief,basedonassessmentandevaluation,thataspecificcourseofactionwillresultincertaindesiredoutcomes).Strategiesmayconsistofprograms,policiesand/orpractices.SustainabilityTheprocessthroughwhichapreventionsystembecomesanormandisintegratedintoongoingoperations.Sustainabilityisvitaltoensuringthatpreventionvaluesandprocessesarefirmlyestablished,partnershipsarestrengthened,andfinancialandotherresourcesaresecuredoverthelongterm.SystemAsetofinteracting,interdependententitiesthatformanintegratedwhole.SystemsTheoryAframeworkbywhichtoanalyzeandunderstandthewaysinwhichasetofinteracting,interdependent‘parts’worksinconcerttoproduceresults.TargetPopulationThoseindividualsandgroupswhoareaffectedbytheproblemsandconsequences–orwhoareinvolvedintheoccurrenceoftheproblemsandconsequences–uponwhominterventionsmustbefocusedtobeeffective.
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TechnicalAssistance(TA)Servicesprovidedbyprofessionalpreventionstaffintendedtoprovidetechnicalguidancetopreventionprograms,communityorganizationsandindividualstoconduct,strengthenorenhanceactivitiesthatwillpromoteprevention.UniversalPreventionPreventioneffortstargetedtothegeneralpopulation—allfamilies,allyouth,orallsystems—withmessagesandprogramsaimedatpreventingordelayingtheuseofalcohol,tobaccoandotherdrugs.VisionStatementAstatementthatexpressestheoverarchingdesiredidealstatetowardwhichactionandresourcesarebeingdirected.
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ReferencesThetermsanddefinitionscontainedinthisdocumentwereobtained/adaptedfromthefollowingsourcedocuments:1. VirginiaEffectivePracticesProject:Atkinson,A.,Deaton,M.,Travis,R.,&Wessel,T.
(1998).JamesMadisonUniversityandtheVirginiaDepartmentofEducation.
2. FindingtheBalance:ProgramFidelityandAdaptationinSubstanceAbusePrevention.ExecutiveSummary(2001).SAMHSA/CSAP/NCAP.
3. AssessmentandPlanningToolsforBuildingEffectiveHealthSystems.APHA137th
AnnualMeetingandExposition.November9,2009.LaurieBargerSutter.
4. Theglossaryfromwww.preventiondss.org.
5. PreventionBasics:BuildingSkillsforSuccessfulPreventionWork(2002).PreventionFirst.
6. SubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministration,CenterforSubstance
AbusePreventionandCentersfortheApplicationofPreventionTechnologies.
7. GettingtoOutcomesVolume1(2000).SAMHSA/CSAP/NCAP.
8. AchievingOutcomes:APractitioner’sGuidetoEffectivePrevention(2002ConferenceEdition).SAMHSA/CSAP.
9. SAMHSA’sPreventionPlatformatpreventionplatform.samhsa.gov.
10. Cellini,HenryR.Alcohol,TobaccoandOtherDrugs(1996).TrainingandResearch
Institute.
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PreventionFirstisanonprofit501(c)(3)dedicatedtopreventingteendrugusebeforeitstarts.Since1980,PreventionFirsthasprovidedtraining,technicalassistanceandresourcematerialstothousandsofschools,communitygroups,parentsandyouth.PreventionFirstservesastheleadtrainingorganizationfortheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanServicesSubstanceAbusePreventionProgram.
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