LInES · 2019. 9. 26. · Frequency Challenges of the Future Power System. 3rd International Workshop DynPOWER Dynamic Stability Challenges of the Future Power Grids. Hector Chavez,

Frequency Challenges of the Future Power System

3rd International Workshop DynPOWER Dynamic Stability Challenges of the Future Power Grids

Hector Chavez, Ph.D.EE Department

U. of Santiago, Chile

LInESLaboratorio de Integración de

Energías Sustentables

Agenda

1. About Chile, U. of Santiago and the Chilean Power Sys

2. Situational awareness and model representativeness

3. Economic operation and frequency control 4. Lower inertia and frequency control

Chile

https://brilliantmaps.com/chile-long/https://www.beautifulworld.com/south-america/chile/

https://brilliantmaps.com/chile-long/https://www.beautifulworld.com/south-america/chile/

U. Of Santiago

U. de Santiago (1981)

Escuela de Artes y Oficios (1849) Universidad Técnica del Estado (1947)

QS 13 in LA 2019

The sustainable Energy Integration Laboratory

- Kick off in March 2014.- 1 Associated Prof. / 2 Staff- 5 research projects and various

equipment initiatives (~ US$ 1MM, 2014 -August 2019).

- Current Students: 2Ph.D, 6 Master, 7 Undergrads.

- A complete teaching lab for solar and wind applications; a PDC unit connected to a South American low voltage network



Medfasee

http://www.medfasee.ufsc.br/conosur/http://www.medfasee.ufsc.br/temporeal/

http://www.medfasee.ufsc.br/conosur/http://www.medfasee.ufsc.br/temporeal/

The Chilean Power System

“ISO” type of power system operation. Poor regional interconnections


35297 km of transmission lines


Capacity 2018 Energy 2018

20% by 2025 as a Renewable target

2. Situational awareness and model representativeness

Situation awareness

https://www.naspi.org/sites/default/files/reference_documents/NASPInet%202%20v1.13%20102518.pdfNASPInet 2.0 Architecture Guidance

It is happening and we can see it now with PMU!

Example from Brazil (UFSC)

0.52 Hz oscillation

https://www.naspi.org/sites/default/files/reference_documents/NASPInet%202%20v1.13%20102518.pdf

Look-ahead awareness


NASPInet 2.0 Architecture Guidance

What if we can see it beforehand?


Actual system at time t

Simulator

Model (simple)

Scenario 1

Scenario “n”

Scenario 2

….

Simulated system at time t + k

Actual system at time t + ε

….

Simulation time k >> ε

Real time ε

SIC Falla 257

65( )kP MW∆ =

Chavez, H.; Hesamzadeh, M.; Carlsson, F., A Simplied Model for Predicting Primary Control Inadequacy in the Presence of Wind Power," Sustainable Energy, IEEE Transactions on, vol.7, no.11, pp.271,278, Jan. 2016.

Freq. Response is identified for different load conditions with a linear 3-order model

Model parameters can be identified for several demand conditions; data of generator contingencies is needed

Model representativeness

Faster than real time simulationsPMU 1

PMU 2

PMU n

PDC

Perform Data Identification

Obtain frequency measurements

A contingency has occurred ?

NO

YES

Obtain contingency frequency data

Obtain contingency size from SCADA or estimate

Store load level, renewable production and identified parameters

Update parameter identification data base

“Faster” than real time simulator

based on reduced-order model

Real time System conditions

Look-ahead frequency dynamic

simulationUnder construction

Data Analytic Tool for Clustering Identification based on Dimensionality Reduction of Frequency Measurements, IEEE SGSMA019, College Station, TX. May 2019

Frequency of synchronous machines in DE, IT, ES and TR following the outage of one generation unit in France.

Coherency issues

3. Economic operation and Frequency Control

Time (minutes)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Freq

uenc

y (H

Z)

59.7

59.75

59.8

59.85

59.9

59.95

60

60.05ERCOT 21:17:09.814322 Sat 18 Feb 2012 (049)

Governors (primary) get system back to balance

One run of the RTM to restore deployed primary reserves (tertiary) after 1 min the contingency happened

Overlapping operation

Economic operation and AGC will be jointly performing secondary control (US NERC has different performance standards for this and frequency min-to-min regulation)

Economic op. + dynamics

Economic operation:- Reserve

Assignment

AGC Model

Frequency Response model from identification

Flexibility is accounted for by reserve determination, but it really has a meaning while performing frequency control

Optimization Differential Equations

ResultsDecember 13 of 2017 to January 3, 2018 (Chilean Sys) 4-by-4 frequency actual data

Simulation

σ = 0,027281

σ = 0,0257

These analysis are needed for frequency control performance standard simulation (ENTSO-E, NERC)

Example for Chilean CEN

A month of simulated economic and AGC operation

4. Lower inertia

Inertia remembered

• Inertia is a battery of kinetic energy

It is the one thing that makes conservation of energy possible and communicates the state of the balance through the frequency.

On the Inertia of Future More-Electronics Power Systems, IEEE Journalof Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics

Synthetic inertia

H. R. Chamorro, M. Ghandhari and R. Eriksson, "Wind power impact on power system frequency response," 2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Manhattan, KS, 2013, pp. 1-6.

Synthetic inertia

• Most approaches work; which one is the best?– The test power system is not the same

amongst the approaches.– Most approaches do not consider the

dynamics of the system.

• Difficult to compare

Optimal synthetic inertia

• Optimal control can be used to, for example, minimize the ROCOF of the power system:– Generalized dynamic system to

represent any power system under any normal operating condition

Optimal synthetic inertia

• Optimal control can be used to, for example, minimize the ROCOF of the power system:– Minimization of the ROCOF as an

objective function.– Optimal control to ensure stability (H2,

LQR, LMI).– Distributed control possible.

Optimal synthetic inertiaSCADA

Imbalance

Under construction

Final remarks

• Situational awareness is important, but we need to prevent bad thing from happening. Data analytics.

• Markets are getting closer to power system operation. Dynamics+Market.

• Synthetic inertia has still limited application with no standardization. Fast frequency response definition.

Frequency Challenges of the Future Power System

3rd International Workshop DynPOWER Dynamic Stability Challenges of the Future Power Grids

Hector Chavez, Ph.D.EE Department

U. of Santiago, Chile



Foliennummer 1Foliennummer 2ChileU. Of SantiagoFoliennummer 5MedfaseeThe Chilean Power SystemThe Chilean Power SystemThe Chilean Power System2. Situational awareness and model representativeness�Situation awarenessLook-ahead awarenessFaster than real timeFoliennummer 14Faster than real time simulationsFoliennummer 163. Economic operation and Frequency Control�Foliennummer 18Economic op. + dynamics ResultsExample for Chilean CEN4. Lower inertia �Inertia rememberedSynthetic inertiaSynthetic inertiaOptimal synthetic inertiaOptimal synthetic inertiaOptimal synthetic inertiaFinal remarksFoliennummer 30

LInES · 2019. 9. 26. · Frequency Challenges of the Future Power System. 3rd International Workshop DynPOWER Dynamic Stability Challenges of the Future Power Grids. Hector Chavez,

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