201 Transmission Line Protection g Digital Energy • Phase segregated differential protection ensures secure high-speed single pole tripping • Complete IEC 61850 Process Bus solution providing resource optimization and minimizing total P&C life cycle costs • Reliable and secure protection on lines equipped with series compensation • Increased sensitivity through dynamic charging current compensation and communication channel asymmetry compensation • Advanced fault and disturbance recording, including internal relay operating signals thus eliminating the need for external recording devices • Phasor Measurement Unit - Synchronized phasor information according to IEEEC37.118 standard • Robust network security enabling Critical Infrastructure Protection through user command logging, and dual permission access control • Ambient temperature monitoring with alarming when outside temperature exceeds upper thresholds • Overhead lines including series compensated lines and underground cables of different voltage levels • Circuits with tapped transformer feeders • Suitable for three terminal line configurations, with channel redundancy and direct transfer tripping (DTT) • Wide area system monitoring and control and using integrated protection and synchrophasor measurement • Single and dual-breaker circuits requiring single pole/three- pole autoreclosing and independent synchrocheck supervision • Distributed busbar protection • Real time monitoring of remote, local and differential per phase currents • Oscillography - 64 samples/cycle, up to 64 records • Event Recorder - 1024 time tagged events, with 0.5ms scan of digital inputs • Data Logger - Up to 16 channels with user selectable sampling rate • Synchronised measurement of voltage & current and sequence component phasors - 1 to 60 phasors/sec • Multi-ended fault location consistently providing 2% accuracy Monitoring and Metering Protection and Control • Phase segregated line current differential with adaptive restraint & Ground differential, stub bus protection • Thermal protection, under /over frequency, broken conductor • Phase Distance (three Zones) with independent compensation settings for in-zone power transformers • Ground distance (three zones) with independent self and mutual zero sequence compensation, reverse power • Reverse power, Out of Step tripping and power swing blocking • Thermal overload, phase, neutral and negative sequence directional overcurrent; and broken conductor • Over, Under and rate of change of Frecuency, Synchronism check for dual breaker applications Communications • Networking interfaces – 100Mbit Fiber Optic Ethernet, RS485, RS232, RS422, G.703, C37.94 • Multiple Protocols - IEC61850, DNP 3.0 Level 2, Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP/IP, IEC60870-5-104, Ethernet Global Data (EGD) • Direct I/O – secure, high-speed exchange of data between L90s for Direct Transfer Trip applications • Embedded Managed Ethernet Switch with 4 - 100 Mbit Fiber optic ports and 2 copper ports FEATURES APPLICATIONS KEY BENEFITS EnerVista™ Software • Graphical Logic Designer and Logic Monitor to simplify designing and testing procedures • Document and software archiving toolset to ensure reference material and device utilities are up-to-date • EnerVista™ Integrator providing easy integration of data in the L90 into new or existing monitoring and control systems • Robust communications with up to 8 HardFiber Bricks • Seamless integration with existing L90 functions • Redundant architecture for dependability and security IEC 61850 Process Bus Interface L90 Multilin™ LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM Phase segregated line current differential and distance protection
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Protection and ControlThe L90 is a high-end cost effectiveline current differential protection relayintendedfortransmissionlinesandcablesof different voltages levels providingreliableandsecureoperationevenundertheworstcasepowersystemconditions.The L90 provides high-speed phase-segregated fault clearance suitable forsingleandthree-poletrippingapplications.PartoftheUniversalRelayfamily,theL90comeswithavarietyofversatilefeaturestruly integrating protection, monitoring,metering, communicationandcontrol inoneeasy-to-usedevice.TheUniversalRelayfamilyoffersahighdegreeofmodularityin its design and functionality providingsuperior performance in protection andcontrolmeetingthetoughestrequirementsofthemarketplace.
Segregated Current Differential ProtectionThe L90 is a phase segregated currentdifferential protection relay, which usessuperior and patented algorithms toaddress the challenges of bandwidth ,security,dependabilityand sensitivity incurrentdifferentialrelaying.Bandwidth requirements are effectivelyaddressedbymeansofapatentednewdata consolidation technique called“phaselets”.Thispermitsapplicationwithinacommunicationsbandwidthof64Kbps,
andcandetect faultswithinahalfcyclepluschanneldelay.The L90 innovative dual slope adaptiverestraint characteristic, based onestimates ofmeasurement errors, allowtherelaytobesecureonsevereexternalfaults while maintaining sensitivity forinternal faults. The estimate of errors intheinputcurrentspermitsmoresensitivesettingsthanthoseusedinthetraditionalpercentdifferentialschemes.TheL90approachtoclocksynchronizationrel ies upon precise distr ibuted
synchronization. Clocks are phasesynchronized to each other andfrequency synchronized to the powersystem frequency.Each relaycomparesitsclocktothephaseoftheotherclocksandmakesappropriateadjustments.Thisallows forgreater transient ride-throughfor power system and communicationsdisturbances.
Enhancedadditionalsecurity isprovidedby a sensitive current disturbancedetector,whichcanbeusedtosupervisethecurrentdifferentialelement.
The L90 is the single point for protection, control, metering, and monitoring in one integrated device that can easily be connected directly into DCS or SCADA monitoring and control systems like Viewpoint Monitoring as shown.
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The Ground Differential function “87G”protects against low-current single line-to-ground faults. It has a single slopecharacteristicandusesthevectorialsumofall in-zonephasecurrentstocalculatetheNeutraldifferentialcurrent. with themaximum value of phase current beingusedas restraint . This function togetherwith the phase differential deliversenhancedsensibilityandselectivitytotheprotectionscheme.
Charging Current Compensation
For long transmission l ines andundergroundcables,thechargingcurrentmaybelargeandresultinexcessivelyhighpickupsettings.TheL90candynamicallycompensate the charging current thusincreasingitssensitivitytothefaultcurrentonlongtransmissionlines.
Enhanced Monitoring Features
TheL90usesanadvancederrordetectionand supervising functions to secure theL90againstmisoperationduetoerroneousdata. High bit errors are addressed bymeansofcomputinga32bitCRCchecksumseffectivelyaddressingtheconcernsofmultiplebiterrorsduetohighchannelnoise.On multiplexed channels, channelasymmetrymaybeexpectedduetopathswitching spurious differential currents,which can endanger the security of thedifferential system. By using GPS timesynchronization, up to 10ms of channelasymmetrycanbecompensatedfor.ExtrasecurityhasbeenimplementedintheL90toensureproperoperationontheeventofIRIG-Bsignalfailure.Integrated channel monitoring providesreal-time diagnostic data on the healthof the L90. Communications channeldeterioration or failure will activate analarm,andcanbeusedtoenablebackupprotection. Channel propagation delayismonitored and adjusted according tovariationsincommunicationpaths.
Communication Topologies
Relays can communicate through directfiber,RS422,G.703,IEEEC37.94interfacesat 64Kbps, with extensive channelmonitoringanddiagnosticsare included.Inacurrentdifferentialscheme,theL90sexchange data via the communication
functions in L90 comewith three zonesof phase and ground distance (mho orquad). The phase distance elementscome with built-in in-zone transformercompensation. The L90 also providesa load encroachment element , whichsupervises the distance elements underheavylineloadingconditions.
Overvoltage and undervoltage protection
Longlinesunderlightlyloadedconditionsor no-load may experience voltagesexceeding rated per unit voltage levelof the line. Use the phase overvoltageelementoftheL90toinitiatealocaltripaswellasaremotetripusingdirecttransfertrip.
Overcurrent Functions
TTheL90providesthermaloverload,timeand instantaneousovercurrentelementsfor phase, neutral, ground, negativesequence,phaseandneutraldirectional.Any of them can run in parallel withprimarydifferentialprotectionorcanbeprogrammedtorunwhenthedifferentialelementisnotavailable.
Typical two and three terminal application of L90. L90 supports a variety of media cards for signalling between L90’s including direct multimode or single mode fibre, RS422, G.703 and IEEE C37.94.
Typical Applications
link, acting either as master collectingdata, making calculations and makingall relevant trip and restraint decisions,or as slave only transmitting currentdatatotheoneactingasmaster.Fortwoterminalapplications,usetheredundantcommunicationscapabilityoftheL90foroptimalreliabilityofthecurrentdifferentialline protection. For this scheme, datais continuously transmitted over bothchannels, so if a failure occurs, the L90willcontinuetoprovidecurrentdifferentialprotection.Forthreeterminalapplications,advancedinter-relay communication featureseliminate the need for redundantcommunicationchannelsduetotheabilityoftheL90toautomaticallyswitchbetweenmaster and slave mode, maintaining adependablesystemevenwithafailureofoneofthecommunicationchannels.
Distance
Separate high-speed phase and grounddistanceelementsareprovidedforoptionalsupervisionwithtappedtransformersandas a back-up during channel failures orunavailability. The back-up distance the
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Single-Pole Tripping
TheL90relayusesastate-of-the-artdualphase selection algorithm that providesfastandaccuratefaulttypeidentificationevenunderweak-infeedconditions.
Direct transfer trip (DTT)
UsethedirecttransfertripfeatureofL90to trip remote breaker. Both single poleand three pole direct transfer trips aresupported. Up to eight signals can besentoverpilotcommunicationschannelsselectable through user configurablelogic.
Autoreclosing
TheL90providesmulti-shotautoreclosingforsinglepoleorthreepoleautorelcoseonall typesof faultswith independentlysettable dead time for each shot . Auto-reclose can be dynamically blocked byuser programmable logic. Four differentauto-relcosemodesareavailableenablingtheuserstoselectthereclosingmodetosuitspecificapplications.
Synchronism Check
The L90 monitors voltage difference,phaseangledifferenceandslipfrequencyto ensure proper breaker closure as peruser requirements. The L90 providesadditionalenhancementsinsynchronizingby allowing synchrocheck verificationbetween local and remote line terminalvoltages.
Breaker Failure
TheL90isabletoprovidefullyindependentbreakerfailureprotectionforthebreakersassociatedtothelinewhenconnectedtoasubstationwithabreaker-and-a-halforringbusarrangement. TheL90providesthe required elements to perform twoindependentbreakerfailurefunctions.
Multiple Breaker Configurations
The L90 supports multi-breaker busbarconfigurationssuchasbreaker-and-a-halforringbusarrangements,providingdualbreaker auto reclose, dual synch-checkelements,anddual independentBreakerFailure elements. The design providessecure operation during external faultswithpossibleCTsaturation
Special Applications - Distributed Busbar
Use the L90’s capability of supportingup to 4 directly connected CTs forapplicationswheretheuseofconventionalbus differential relaying is not practicalor economically feasible. The L90 canbe used to protect both line and busesby measuring currents from the feederCTsasshown.TheL90providesprimaryprotection for both the buses and thecircuitconnectingthem.
IEC 61850 Process BusThe IEC 61850 Process Bus moduleis designed to interface with theMultilin HardFiber™ System, allowing
bi-directional IEC 61850 fiber opticcommunications. The HardFiber Systemisdesigned to integrate seamlesslywiththeexistingUniversalRelayapplications,includingprotection functions,FlexLogic,meteringandcommunications.HardFiberSystembenefits:
Advanced AutomationTheL90incorporatesadvancedautomationfeatures including powerful FlexLogic™programmablelogic,communication,andSCADAcapabilitiesthatfarsurpasswhatisfoundintheaveragelinerelay.TheL90integratesseamlesslywithotherURrelaysforcompletesystemprotection.
FlexLogic™
FlexLogic™ is the powerful UR-platformprogramming logic engine thatprovidestheabilitytocreatecustomizedprotectionandcontrolschemestherebyminimizingtheneed,andassociatedcosts,ofauxiliarycomponentsandwiring.Using FlexLogic, the L90 can providerequiredtrippingandcustomschemelogicfor line breaker control and interlockinganddynamicsettinggroupchanges.
Scalable HardwareThe L90 is available with a multitudeof I/O configurations to suit the mostdemanding application needs. Theexpandable modular design allows foreasyconfigurationandfutureupgrades.
Flexlogic™ allows for customizing the L90 to operate and control the breakers and other auxiliary devices needed to fit most line protection schemes and applications.
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Monitoring and MeteringTheL90includeshighaccuracymeteringand recording forallACsignals.Voltage,current,andpowermeteringarebuiltintothe relay as a standard feature. CurrentandvoltageparametersareavailableastotalRMSmagnitude,andasfundamentalfrequencymagnitudeandangle.
Fault and Disturbance Recording
The advanced disturbance and eventrecording features within the L90 cansignificantly reduce the timeneeded forpostmortem analysis of power systemeventsandcreationofregulatoryreports.Recordingfunctionsinclude:
The very high sampling rate and largeamount of storage space available fordata recording in the L90 can eliminatetheneed for installingcostlystandalonerecordingequipment.
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Example of Distributed Bus Differential Protection Application. L90 Breaker-and-a-Half Application example.
Advanced Device Health Diagnostics
TheL90performscomprehensivedevicehealth diagnostic tests during startupand continuously at runtime to testits own major functions and criticalhardware.Thesediagnostictestsmonitorforconditionsthatcould impactsecurityandavailabilityofprotection,andpresentdevicestatusviaSCADAcommunicationsand front panel display. Providingcontinuousmonitoringandearlydetectionof possible issueshelps improve systemuptime.
CommunicationsTheL90providesforsecureremotedataand engineering access,making it easyand flexible to use and integrate intonew and existing infrastructures. Fiberoptic Ethernet provides high-bandwidthcommunicationsallowingforlow-latencycontrolsandhigh-speed file transfersofrelayfaultandeventrecord information.Theavailable redundantEthernetoptionand the embedded managed Ethernetswitchprovidethemeansofcreatingfaulttolerant communicationarchitectures inaneasy,cost-effectivemanner.TheL90supportsthemostpopularindustrystandardprotocolsenablingeasy,directintegration into monitoring and SCADAsystems.
• IEC61850
• DNP3.0
• IEC60870-5-104
• ModbusRTU,ModbusTCP/IP
Interoperability with Embedded IEC 61850
TheL90with integrated IEC61850canbeused to lower costs associated with lineprotection, control and automation. GEEnergy’s leadership in IEC 61850 comesfrom thousands of installed devices andfollowsonMultilin’sextensivedevelopmentexperiencewithUCA2.0.
TheL90supportsEnglish,French,Russian,andChineselanguagesonthefrontpanel,EnerVista™ setup software, andproductmanual. Easily switch between Englishandanadditional languageon the localdisplayswithoutuploadingnewfirmware.
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EnerVistaTM SoftwareThe EnerVista™ Suite is an industry-leading set of software programs thatsimplifies everyaspect of using the L90relay.TheEnerVista™suiteprovidesallthetoolstomonitorthestatusoftheprotectedasset,maintain the relay, and integrateinformation measured by the L90 intoDCS or SCADA monitoring systems.Convenient COMTRADE and Sequenceof Events viewers are an integral partof the UR Setup software includedwitheveryURrelay,tocarryoutpostmortemeventanalysistoensureproperprotectionsystemoperation.
EnerVista™ Launchpad
EnerVista™ Launchpad is a powerfulsoftwarepackagethatprovidesuserswithallofthesetupandsupporttoolsneededfor configuringandmaintainingMultilinproducts. The setup software withinLaunchpadallowsconfiguringdevicesinreal-timebycommunicatingusingserial,Ethernet , or modem connections, orofflinebycreatingsettingfilestobesenttodevicesatalatertime.Included in Launchpad is a documentarchiving and management systemthat ensures critical documentation isup-to-date and availablewhen needed.Documentsmadeavailableinclude:
• Manuals&Brochures
• ApplicationNotes
• GuideformSpecifications
• WiringDiagrams
• FAQ’s
• ServiceBulletins
Viewpoint Monitoring
Viewpoint Monitoring is a simple-to-useand full-featured monitoring and datarecording software package for smallsystems.ViewpointMonitoringprovidesacompleteHMIpackagewiththefollowingfunctionality:
ViewpointMaintenanceprovidestoolsthatwillcreatereportsontheoperatingstatusoftherelay,simplifythestepstodownloadfaultandeventdata,andreducetheworkrequired for cyber-security complianceaudits. Tools available in ViewpointMaintenanceinclude:
• SettingsSecurityAuditReport
• DeviceHealthReport
• SingleClickFaultDataRetrieval
EnerVista™ Integrator
EnerVista™ Integrator is a toolkit thatallows seamless integration of Multilindevices into new or existing automationsystems.IncludedinEnerVista™Integratoris:
• OPC/DDEServer
• MultilinDrivers
• AutomaticEventRetrieval
• AutomaticWaveformRetrieval
User InterfaceThe L90 front panel provides extensivelocal HMI capabilities. The local displayisusedformonitoring,statusmessaging,faultdiagnosis,anddeviceconfiguration.Userconfigurablemessagesthatcombinetextwithlivedata,canbedisplayedwhenuser-definedconditionsaremet.
Record the operation of the internal L90 elements and external connected devices with 1ms time-stamped accuracy to identify the Sequence of Operation of station devices during line faults and disturbances.
Power System Troubleshooting
Graphically view zone settings for ground phase distance elements for the selected zones and the power swing detection element.
Analyze line faults using both analog and digital power system quantities that are measured and recorded up to a rate of 64 samples per cycle.