Drug use, related problems and interventions targeting drug users in prison in the European countries: main issues and challenges for the future Linda Montanari, Luis Royuela, Dagmar Hedrich Prison Health in Europe: missions, roles and responsibilities of international organizations, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, 27 May 2014
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Drug use, related problems and interventions targeting drug users in prison in the European countries:
main issues and challenges for the future
Linda Montanari, Luis Royuela, Dagmar Hedrich
Prison Health in Europe: missions, roles and responsibilities of international organizations, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, 27 May 2014
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emcdda.europa.eu
EMCDDA (European Monitoring Centre on Drugs and Drug Addiction)
• EU decentralised Agency established in 1993 in Lisbon
• 28 MS + TK; NO; + candidate/potential candidates and neighbouring countries
• Mandate: provide factual, objective, reliable and comparable information at European level on drugs use, related consequences and responses to drug related problems
• Information sources on drugs and prison:• Yearly national reports (1 section on drugs and prison)• Drug use before and during prison and drug injection among prisoners• People entering drug treatment in prison (demand for drug treatment)• Infectious diseases among drug users, including prison setting• Services targeting drug users in prison
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emcdda.europa.eu
Problems drug users (PDU) Prison
European research on PDU and their experience with prison:
PDU increase the risk of imprisonment
30%–75% of PDU have been in prison at least once in their life (Ravndal, Amundsen, 2010)
Imprisonment associated with higher rates of heroin and cocaine use(Gaffney, 2008)
Imprisonment has an additional negative effect on already vulnerable populations (ACMD, 1996)
Imprisonment associated with higher risk of earlier relapse from treatment (Smyth, 2010)
Prisons as places to reach drug users not in contact with other services
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emcdda.europa.eu
Prison Drug users
80% of prisoners use tobacco (20–30% gen. pop.)
Lifetime prevalence of drug use among prisoners
Source: Statistical bulletin 2014
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Drug use (ever) within prison: heroin, cocaine, amphetamines (% out of all prisoners)
Source: Statistical bulletin 2014
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Drug injecting among prisoners (before and within prison) (% out of all prisoners)
Cumulative number of EU countries with opioid substitution treatment in community and prison settings
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Methodological developments
• Limitations in data quality and comparability
• EMCDDA contribution towards a methodological framework for monitoring drugs and prison in Europe (COR-DROGUE 15/2/2014)
• Questionnaire on drug use among prisoners in EuropeQuestionnaire on drug use among prisoners in Europe(to piloted in2015 an starting in 2016; 6 sections and methodological (to piloted in2015 an starting in 2016; 6 sections and methodological
guidelines, international organizations and all EU discussed itguidelines, international organizations and all EU discussed it))
• Survey of drug-related health facilities in European prisonsSurvey of drug-related health facilities in European prisons(to be developed in 2014)