LILIAN FLORES Ph.D., LSLS Cert AVT® INVESTING IN FAMILY SUPPORT CONFERENCE Scottsdale, Arizona October 4 - -6, 2009 Crossing the Intercultural Bridge for Families: Experiences in working with Non-English Speaking Families
Mar 27, 2015
LILIAN FLORES Ph.D., LSLS Cert AVT®
INVESTING IN FAMILY SUPPORT CONFERENCE
Scottsdale, Arizona
October 4 - -6, 2009
Crossing the Intercultural Bridge for Families: Experiences in working with Non-English Speaking Families
PRESENTATION
1. Background
2. Demographic Data
3. Estimates of Deaf Population in USA
4. Main Problems
5. Ideas for today and for the future
PRESENTATION
1. Background
2. Demographic Data
3. Estimates of Deaf Population in USA
4. Main Problems
5. Ideas for today and for the future
MEXICO AND USA NEIGHBORHOOD
1776: USA Independence
1819: Treat with Spain LouisianaNeighborhood with “New Spain”
1821: Mexico Independence Real start of neighborhood with Mexico
1847: New borders until now
BACKGROUND
USA-NUEVA ESPAÑA-MEXICO BORDERS (1819-1821)
USA-MEXICO BORDER (1847until now)
DIFFERENCES USA / MEXICO
-POLITICAL
2 vs 6 parties; electoral vs personal votes; different campaign finance
- ECONOMIC
Per capita annual income: 11,800 vs 48,000. Inflation: 0.1 vs 5.8%
-SOCIO-CULTURAL
Different story, culture, beliefs, expectations, codes of personal and social conduct
-ETHNIC
Whites, African, Asia, Latino and Hispanic, Native American... immigrants
Mestizo, Nahua, Maya, Zapotecs, Mixtecs, Totonacs and 56 more groups
-LINGUISTIC
English..... Spanish....
HISPANIC EMIGRATION TO USA
WHY DO THEY EMIGRATE?
Dreadful economic situation Search for better income
Immigrants don’t want to compete for jobs
They get jobs unacceptable by the majority of workers
Immigrants don’t destabilize the economy
> Productivity
> Pay taxes
HISPANIC EMIGRATION TO USA
HOW DO THEY ARRIVE?
Payment of high charges Losing of money
Dealt of dangers Desert, lack of water, persecution, rape
Leave habits, food, friends, family
Changes, isolation, uproot
Face up to unknown celebrations
Thanksgiving... July 4th...
Main Problem: LANGUAGE To understand, speak, read or write
PRESENTATION
1. Background
2. Demographic Data
3. Estimates of Deaf Population in USA
4. Main problems
5. Ideas for today and for the future
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA Population projections of USA Population (millions)
2009 311.1
2010 312.2
2020 342.4
2030 378.5
2940 420.6
2050 451.7
SOURCE: 2008 US Census Bureau data
300
350
400
450
500
2009 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050California (2008): 36.8 Texas (2008): 24.9 2 States: 1/5
TX + CA (2050): around 90 millions
U.S. POPULATION 1960-2010 Share of total, by racial and ethnic groups (millions)
U.S. HISPANIC POPULATION: 1970-2050
Source of Data and Year
Hispanic Population (in millions)
Percent Hispanic of the total population
Census
1970 9.6 4.7
1980 14.6 6.4
1990 22.4 9.0
2000 35.3 12.5
Projections
2010 47.8 15.5
2020 59.7 17.8
2030 73.0 20.1
2040 87.7 22.3
2050 102.6 24.4
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 Decennial Censuses; Population Projections, July 1, 2010 to July 1, 2050. Internet Release Date: February 08, 2008
PERCENT HISPANIC OF THE TOTAL POPULATION (1970-2050)
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 Decennial Censuses; Population Projections, July 1, 2010 to July 1, 2050. Internet Release Date: February 08, 2008
0
5
10
15
20
25
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
%
BIRTHS AND NATALITY IN U.S.
Source: Census Bureau downloadable data files. Births: Preliminary Data for 2006 National Vital Statistice Reports (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) 56 (7): 6, 5, Dec. 2007, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_07.pdf, retrieved 2008-09-08
Number of Births (2006): 4,265,5552,309,833 (54.15%) non-Hispanic Whites 617,220 (14.47%) non-Hispanic Blacks 47,494 (1.11%) American Indians 239,829 (5.62%) Asians 1,039,051 (24.36%) Hispanics
Birth rate: 14.2 per 1,000 population (2007)11.6 for non-Hispanic Whites14.8 for American Indians 16.5 for non-Hispanic Blacks and Asians23.4 for Hispanics
BIRTHS AND NATALITY IN U.S.
Sources: - Births: Final Data for 2006 www.cdc..gov/nchs/fastats/births.htm - http://pewresearch.org/pubs/729/united-states-population-projections
Pew Research Center: 2005: 296 million 2050: 438 million
82% of 142 million (117 million): due to immigrants and descendants
2005: 1/8 2050: 1/4
+ 142
Americans are immigrants
PROBLEMS LINKED WITH NEWBORNS
Source: Green J, CNN, May 10, 2006
- 2 million babies die within 24 hours each year worldwide. USA has the 2nd worst newborn mortality rate in the developed world: Newborn mortality is 2.5 times higher in US than in Finland and Norway. 5 deaths / 1,000 live births in US, Hungary, Malta, Poland and Slovakia
- Higher newborn death rates among US minorities and disadvantaged groups. i.e.: African-Americans : 9.3 deaths / 1,000 births
-US: more neonatologists and NIC beds / person than Australia, Canada and UK
- Hispanics will make up 29% of the U.S. population in 2050 (14% in 2005)
- The non-Hispanic white population will increase more slowly than other racial and ethnic groups; whites will become a minority (47%) by 2050.
US CENSUS POPULATION PROJECTIONS (2008-2050)
Source: American FactFinder Help: Hispanic or Latino origin. U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_h.html. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
non-H whites Hispanic Afr-Amer Asian-Amer NHW-2050 Others-2050
2008 2050
%
minority
PRESENTATION
1. Background
2. Demographic Data
3. Estimates of Deaf Population in USA
4. Main problems
5. Ideas for today and for the future
ESTIMATES OF DEAF POPULATION IN USA
Source of Data and Year
HISPANIC Deaf Population 2/1,000 (in thousands)
TOTAL Deaf Population 2/1,000 (in thousands)
Census
1970 19,200 408,500
1980 29,200 456,200
1990 44,800 497,700
2000 70,600 565,000
Projections
2010 95,600 616,800
2020 119,400 670,800
2030 146,000 726,400
2040 175,400 786,600
2050 205,200 841,000
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 Decennial Censuses; Population Projections, July 1, 2010 to July 1, 2050. Internet Release Date: February 08, 2008
ESTIMATES OF HISPANIC DEAF POPULATION IN USA (Thousands)
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 Decennial Censuses; Population Projections, July 1, 2010 to July 1, 2050. Internet Release Date: February 08, 2008
020406080100120140160180200220
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
76,400 in 50 yrs
109,600 in 40 yrs
1,520 / year
2,770 / year
Increment: > 80% / year in the next
40 yrs
PRESENTATION
1. Background
2. Demographic Data
3. Estimates of Deaf Population in USA
4. Main Problems
5. Ideas for today and for the future
MAIN PROBLEMS
PILOT SURVEY
- Directed to Spanish-Speaking families with deaf children
- 46 Families investigated
- 7 Open-Answer questions
- Comments
- CA, TX, FL & NY
OUTCOMES
1.- Did you feel that your lack of command in English, turn on a very limited situation to face the deafness of your child?
95.5
4.5
YES NO
OUTCOMES
2.- If you answered yes, please give us some examples of what you went through.
ANSWER n %
We were not able to understand what the
audiologist and the rest of the professionals
were explaining to us.
42 95.5
We couldn’t make them specific questions, and to explain them exactly our fears, worries, and thoughts
42 95.5
We had an interpreter that spoke a kind of “funny” Spanish
12 26.1
We though that we were not going to be able to face that challenge
39 84.8
OUTCOMES
3.- Did you count with an interpreter when you received your child’s diagnosis?
26.1
73.9
YES NO
OUTCOMES
4.- Once you started your (re)habilitation program, did you received the adequate restraint, support, and orientation?
17.4
13
69.6
YES-Understandable SpanishYES- limited with interpreterNO-Orientation only in English
OUTCOMES
5.- If you counted with the interpreter’s services, did you feel comfortable with him / her?
8.3
91.7
YES links broken or nonexistent
OUTCOMES
6.- Would you like to receive the rehabilitation services in your mother language?
95.5
4.5
YES NO
OUTCOMES
7.- If you answered yes, please tell us why.
ANSWER n %
They would like to understand precisely what is the professional doing, and speaking to the child.
42 95.5
They would like to make affordable two languages for their kid.
40 86.9
They would like to be able to express all their doubts, and feelings to the professional, and be sure he/she is going to understand them.
41 89.1
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
COMMENTS n %
They would like to be able to teach their child to listen, and speak in their mother language
42 95.5
They would like to be able to use the heart’s language 1 2.1
They regret their difficulties to find information, books, and magazines in Spanish. This will help them to understand, to learn, and to get more knowledge about the big challenge of their kid’s deafness.
41 89.1
They would like to belong and participate actively in associations who cares about deafness and hard of hearing. Unfortunately, most of the information, web pages, flyers and magazines are in English.
40 86.9
The selection for their kid’s candidacy for the cochlear implant was much more difficult.
26 56.5
They were immediately sent to a TC rehabilitation program and no to AVT, because of their condition as Hispanics
19 41.3
PRESENTATION
1. Background
2. Demographic Data
3. Estimates of Deaf Population in USA
4. Main Problems
5. Ideas for today and for the future
IDEAS & IMMEDIATE PROPOSALS
Have the willing to work with these families, a real team
Understand and find your own differences
Understand that to raise a deaf child is a challenge
To raise a child outside their country, being alone, and not understanding the language...worst grief situation
Understand GLOBALY how this situation affects the families
In general, low income
IDEAS & IMMEDIATE PROPOSALS
Work near, in a supportive and loving way to encourage them to talk to their children
Handle some of the racial discrimination feelings
Information and study about cultural traditions & values
Help them to transfer language and speech perception tasks in their daily life, and in their “life´s way”
IDEAS & IMMEDIATE PROPOSALS
Try to understand what they feel, and how they face deafness
Involve, and engage all the the family´s members (videotape)
Let them observe some sessions in English
Train also professionals in Spanish (Spanish Rehab gropus)
Put them in contac with other hispanic families
Hear, and give them the time to explain you their feelings
PROPOSALS FOR THE FUTURE
Encourage asociations to translate materials, books, magazines, WEB pages, AVT test, etc. ( ie. AG Bell)
Include some specific subjects for the degree program curricula at the University
Change the legislation to make them more available the health, and rehabilitation services
Media campaigns to aware the society & politicians
PROPOSALS FOR THE FUTURE
Encourage asociations to translate materials, books, magazines, WEB pages, etc. ( ie. AG Bell, Hands & Voices, etc)
Courses to train good interpreters in this field
Include some specific subjects for the degree program curricula at the University
Change the legislation to make them more available the health, and rehabilitation services, also aloud some Spanish programs
Make agreements with Latin American universities to promote interchanges of American and Hispanic students
Turn off the Spanish TV if you want to learn good English
Sorry...BUT Univision ranks as the number one TV station in California...an in the US