Lighting

Exposure

Four controls affect exposure:

Iris

Shutter Speed

Gain

ND Filter

Iris

• Controls the amount of light entering

the camera

• Does not affect the image

• Opening size is measured in f stops

f1.6 f2 f2.4 f2.8 f3.4 f4 f4.8 f5.6 f8 f9.6

f11

1 f stop doubles (or halves) the light

entering the camera

Zebra

Zebra

• Three positions - off, 70%, 100%

• Pattern only appears in viewfinder

• Use 70% for (white) faces

• Use 100% for general scenes

Shutter Speed

• The faster the shutter speed the less

light entering the camera

• Standard shutter speed for PAL is 50

• Slower will cause ghosting

• Faster will cause strobing

Gain

• Increases the electronic sensitivity of

the camera sensors

• Increases noise or grain of picture

ND Filters

• ‘Neutral Density’

• Generally used in bright sunshine

• Can be used to reduce depth of field

Depth of field

Therefore affected by shutter speed and ND filter

Lighting -

before you start

• Interior/exterior

• Day/night

• In/out shot

• Practical?

Lighting -

Shot or scene?

• Think about continuity

• Think about space

• Think about style

• Think about equipment and crew

Lighting

• Look around the scene

• Think about shadows

• CONTINUITY

• Don’t make it too complicated

Lighting

• Takes time and effort

• Experiment

• Check using the viewfinder

• White balance every setup

• Use manual iris

Three Point Lighting

• Use as a general principle

• Think about the three components

• There is no ‘right’ way

Three Point Lighting

• Key

• Fill

• Back

Key light

• Think about direction of actual light

• Be careful not to make it too bright

• Think of natural (sun) light as the key

Fill light

• Soften shadows

• Add light

• Probably more critical

• Use reflector in sun light

Back light

• Use to separate subject from

background

• Or for effect

• Unlikely to be possible in sun - so think

backgrounds

Mixed light

• Use blues on tungsten lights

• Or use for effect - warm interiors

• Think about white balance

REMEMBER

God has the best

(and biggest) lights