Light Aircraft Pilot Licence Aeroplane training course syllabus based on Swiss FOCA directives Zulu Flight Training SA rue Lissignol 14 – 1201 Genève [email protected] www.zuluflighttraining.ch CP REV1 / 01.10.2018
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Light Aircraft Pilot Licence Aeroplane
training course syllabus
based on Swiss FOCA directives
Zulu Flight Training SA rue Lissignol 14 – 1201 Genève [email protected]
www.zuluflighttraining.ch
CP REV1 / 01.10.2018
LoR Log of Revision LoR REV1 / 01.10.2018
LoC List of Effective Chapters LoC REV1 / 01.10.2018
Date Issue Revision (REV) Changes
01.10.2018 1 1 Initial issue
LoR REV1 / 01.10.2018
LoC REV1 / 01.10.2018
CoL REV1 / 01.10.2018
ToC REV1 / 01.10.2018
LoA REV1 / 01.10.2018
Part 1 REV1 / 01.10.2018
1.1 REV1 / 01.10.2018
1.2 REV1 / 01.10.2018
1.3 REV1 / 01.10.2018
1.4 REV1 / 01.10.2018
1.5 REV1 / 01.10.2018
Part 2 REV1 / 01.10.2018
2.1 REV1 / 01.10.2018
2.2 REV1 / 01.10.2018
2.3 REV1 / 01.10.2018
2.4 REV1 / 01.10.2018
2.5 REV1 / 01.10.2018
2.6 REV1 / 01.10.2018
2.7 REV1 / 01.10.2018
2.8 REV1 / 01.10.2018
2.9 REV1 / 01.10.2018
Part 3 REV1 / 01.10.2018
3.1 REV1 / 01.10.2018
Part 4 REV1 / 01.10.2018
4.1 REV1 / 01.10.2018
CoL Compliance List CoL REV1 / 01.10.2018
Reference Chapter
FCL.020 Chapter 2.3
FCL.030 Chapter 2.9
FCL.100 Chapter 2.3
FCL.105 Chapter 2.1 / Chapter 2.9
FCL.110 Chapter 2.4.2
FCL.115 Chapter 2.1
FCL.120 Chapter 2.9
FCL.105.A Chapter 2.9
FCL.110.A Chapter 2.4
ADMIN
ToC Table of Contents ToC REV1 / 01.10.2018
1. Student 6 1.1. Records 6 1.2. Attendance theoretical knowledge 7 ........................................................................................1.3. Distance learning review table 11 ............................................................................................1.4. Attendance flight instruction 12 ................................................................................................1.5. Progress tests report 13 ..........................................................................................................
2. Introduction 14 ............................................................................................................................2.1. Syllabus 14 2.2. The aim of the course 14 .........................................................................................................2.3. Pre-entry requirements 14 .......................................................................................................2.4. Summary of minimum training hours 15 ..................................................................................
2.4.1. Distance learning 15 2.4.2. Credits for previous experience 15 ................................................................................
2.5. Theoretical knowledge training 15 ...........................................................................................2.6. Flight instruction 15 ..................................................................................................................
2.6.1. Air exercises 16 2.7. Teaching materials 16 ..............................................................................................................2.8. Time scale 16 ..........................................................................................................................2.9. Course completion standards 16 .............................................................................................
2.9.1. Extension of the privileges to another class or variant of aeroplane 16 ........................
3. Theoretical knowledge training 17 ............................................................................................3.1. Theoretical knowledge subjects and time scale 17 .................................................................
4. Flight instruction 19 ...................................................................................................................4.1. Time scale 62..........................................................................................................................
ADMIN
LoA List of Abbreviations LoA REV1 / 01.10.2018
The following abbreviations are within this syllabus:
Abbreviation Definition
(A) Aeroplane
ADF Automatic Direction Finding
AFM Aircraft Flight Manual
AGL Above Ground Level
ATC Air Traffic Control
ATO Approved Training Organisation
BAK Basic Aviation Knowledge
CDI Course Deviation Indicator
CFI Chief Flight Instructor
CG Centre of Gravity
CoL Compliance List
CTR Control zone
DABS Daily Airspace Bulletin Switzerland
DF Direction Finder
DME Distance Measuring Equipment
DTO Declared Training Organisation
EASA European Aviation Safety Agency
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
etc. etcetera
FCL Flight Crew Licence
FOCA Federal Office of Civil Aviation
ft feet
G Gravity acceleration
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
HT Head of Training
IAS Indicated Air Speed
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation
km kilometre
LAPL Light Aircraft Pilot Licence
LoA Log of Abbreviations
LoC List of Effective Chapters
LoR Log of Revisions
NAV Navigation
NDB Non-Directional Beacon
NM Nautical Mile
NOTAM Notice To Airmen
OBS Omni Bearing Selector
OFP Operational Flight Plan
ORA Organisation Requirements for Aircrew
PAPI Precision Approach Path Indicator
PIC Pilot In Command
PPAA Power / Performance / Analyse / Action
QDM Magnetic bearing to a station
REV Revision
ROC Rate of climb
RPM Revolution Per Minute
(S) Sailplane
TM Training Manual
TMA Terminal area
TMG Touring Motor Glider
ToC Table of Content
TOC Top Of Climb
TOD Top Of Descend
VAC Visual Approach Chart
VASI Visual Approach Slope Indicator
VClimb Climb speed
VDF VHF Direction Finding
VFR Visual Flight Rules
VHF Very High Frequency
VOR VHF Omnidirectional Range
VX Best angle of climb speed
VY Best rate of climb speed
Abbreviation Definition
ADMIN
1. Student Part 1 REV1 / 01.10.2018
1.1. Records 1.1 REV1 / 01.10.2018
Personal data
Pre-entry requirements fulfilled
Documents to be stored
last name: first name:
licence number (if available): signature:
HT signature: date:
□ «Chapter 1» of this syllabus
□ progress tests answer sheets
□ theoretical examinations results
□ VFR radiotelephony practical examination result
□ language proficiency examination result
□ FOCA form 61.220 and attachments
□ logbook page with LAPL(A) endorsement
HT signature: date:
ADMIN
1.2. Attendance theoretical knowledge 1.2 REV1 / 01.10.2018
Theory
hours
Date
Instructor signature
010 lesson 1 Classroom theory International law: conventions, agreements and organisations Airworthiness of aircraft Aircraft nationality and registration marks
1:00 0:45 0:15
010 lesson 2 Classroom theory Personnel licencing Rules of the air Procedures for air navigation services: aircraft operations
0:45 0:45 0:30
010 lesson 3 Classroom theory Air traffic management Aeronautical information service Aerodromes Search and rescue
0:30 0:30 0:40 0:20
010 lesson 4 Classroom theory Security Aircraft accident and incident investigation National law
0:20 0:40 1:00
020 lesson 1 Classroom theory Airframe and system, electrics, p o w e r p l a n t a n d e m e r g e n c y equipment (1)
2:00
020 lesson 2 Classroom theory Airframe and system, electrics, p o w e r p l a n t a n d e m e r g e n c y equipment (2)
2:00
020 lesson 3 Classroom theory Airframe and system, electrics, p o w e r p l a n t a n d e m e r g e n c y equipment (3)
2:00
020 lesson 4 Classroom theory Airframe and system, electrics, p o w e r p l a n t a n d e m e r g e n c y equipment (4)
2:00
020 lesson 6 Classroom theory Instrumentation (1) 2:00
020 lesson 7 Classroom theory Instrumentation (2) 2:00
020 lesson 8 Classroom theory Instrumentation (3) 2:00
020 lesson 9 Classroom theory Instrumentation (4) 2:00
030 lesson 1 Classroom theory Mass and balance (1) 2:00
030 lesson 2 Classroom theory Mass and balance (2) Performance (1)
1:00 1:00
030 lesson 3 Classroom theory Performance (2) Flight planning and monitoring (1)
1:00 1:00
030 lesson 4 Classroom theory Flight planning and monitoring (2) 2:00
Theory
hours
Date
Instructor signature
ADMIN
Theory
hours
Date
Instructor signature
040 lesson 1 Classroom theory Human factors: basic concepts 2:00
040 lesson 2 Classroom theory Basic aviation physiology and health maintenance (1)
2:00
040 lesson 3 Classroom theory Basic aviation physiology and health maintenance (2)
2:00
040 lesson 4 Classroom theory Basic aviation psychology 2:00
050 lesson 1 Classroom theory Atmosphere: composition, extent and vertical division (1)
2:00
050 lesson 2 Classroom theory Atmosphere: composition, extent and vertical division (2) Air temperature
1:00 1:00
050 lesson 3 Classroom theory Atmospheric pressure 2:00
050 lesson 4 Classroom theory Air density ICAO standard atmosphere
1:30 0:30
050 lesson 5 Classroom theory Altimetry 2:00
050 lesson 6 Classroom theory Definition and measurement of wind (1)
2:00
050 lesson 7 Classroom theory Definition and measurement of wind (2) Primary cause of wind (1)
1:00 1:00
050 lesson 8 Classroom theory Primary cause of wind (2) 2:00
ADMIN
Theory
hours
Date
Instructor signature
060 lesson 1 Classroom theory Basics of navigation (1) 2:00
060 lesson 2 Classroom theory Basics of navigation (2) Magnetism and compasses
1:00 1:00
060 lesson 3 Classroom theory Charts 2:00
060 lesson 4 Classroom theory Dead reckoning navigation 2:00
060 lesson 5 Classroom theory In-flight navigation 2:00
060 lesson 6 Classroom theory Basic radio propagation theory Radar
1:00 1:00
060 lesson 7 Classroom theory Radio aids 2:00
060 lesson 8 Classroom theory GNSS 2:00
060 lesson 1 Classroom theory Basics of navigation (1) 2:00
060 lesson 2 Classroom theory Basics of navigation (2) Magnetism and compasses
1:00 1:00
060 lesson 3 Classroom theory Charts 2:00
060 lesson 4 Classroom theory Dead reckoning navigation 2:00
060 lesson 5 Classroom theory In-flight navigation 2:00
060 lesson 6 Classroom theory Basic radio propagation theory Radar
1:00 1:00
060 lesson 7 Classroom theory Radio aids 2:00
060 lesson 8 Classroom theory GNSS 2:00
070 lesson 1 Classroom theory General requirements 2:00
070 lesson 2 Classroom theory Special operational procedures and hazards (general aspects) (1)
2:00
070 lesson 3 Classroom theory Special operational procedures and hazards (general aspects) (2)
2:00
070 lesson 4 Classroom theory Emergency procedures 2:00
ADMIN
Theory
hours
Date
Instructor signature
080 lesson 1 Classroom theory Subsonic aerodynamics (1) 2:00
080 lesson 2 Classroom theory Subsonic aerodynamics (2) Stability
1:00 1:00
080 lesson 3 Classroom theory Control Limitations
1:00 1:00
080 lesson 4 Classroom theory Propellers Flight mechanics
0:45 1:15
091 lesson 1 Classroom theory Definitions General operating procedures (1)
1:00 1:00
091 lesson 2 Classroom theory General operating procedures (2) Relevant weather information terms (VFR) (1)
1:00 1:00
091 lesson 3 Classroom theory Relevant weather information terms (VFR) (2)
2:00
091 lesson 4 Classroom theory Action required to be taken in case of communication failure
2:00
091 lesson 5 Classroom theory Distress and urgency procedures 2:00
091 lesson 6 Classroom theory G e n e r a l p r i n c i p l e s o f V H F propagation and allocation of frequencies
2:00
Total: 100:00
ADMIN
1.3. Distance learning review table 1.3 REV1 / 01.10.2018
An element of classroom instruction shall be included in all subjects of theoretical knowl-edge distance learning course, the black squares represent the minimum time for every subjects that shall be achieved during the train-ing course. The tables help to maintain the overview on the student progress and to verify that all the subjects have been completed. One square represents one (1) hours of review classroom theory.
Note: only to be used for theoretical knowledge distance learning course.
Review hours
010 review Classroom theory □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
020 review Classroom theory □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
030 review Classroom theory □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
040 review Classroom theory □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
050 review Classroom theory □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
060 review Classroom theory □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
070 review Classroom theory □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
080 review Classroom theory □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
091 review Classroom theory □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
Total: (10:00)
ADMIN
1.4. Attendance flight instruction 1.4 REV1 / 01.10.2018
1 Basic
2 Standard procedures 1
3 Abnormal procedures 1
4 Navigation 1
5 Standard procedures 2 and first SOLO
6 Abnormal procedures 2
7 Navigation 2
8 Basic radio navigation
9 Revision before LAPL(A) skill test
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
!! !! !! !
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
!!! !!
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
!!! !!
4.1 4.2 4.3
!! !
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9
!! !! !! !! !
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4
!!!!
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5
!!! !!
8.1 8.2 8.3
!! !
9.1
grey shading ≡ SOLO
flights
!
ADMIN
1.5. Progress tests report 1.5 REV1 / 01.10.2018
The student shall pass all the progress tests, with a minimum result of 75%, before formal application from The Zulu Flight Training DTO for the theoretical knowledge examination.
C o d e (A/B/C)
Result P a s s / N o t pass
Date Instructo r signature
Attempt 1
010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
091
Attempt 2
010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
091
010
020
030
Attempt 3
040
050
060
070
080
091
ADMIN
2. Introduction Part 2 REV1 / 01.10.2018
2.1. Syllabus 2.1 REV1 / 01.10.2018
This syllabus, produced by The Zulu Flight Training DTO for the light aircraft pilot licence (aeroplane), conforms to the requirements of EASA Part FCL. The purpose of this syllabus is to provide all the information required, to stu-dents and to instructors who are involved in the training course. The training consists of theoretical knowledge training and flight instruction by an instructor who is authorized to instruct toward a LAPL(A). Training elements, related to the specific class or type of aeroplane used for the skill test, are covered by the separate class or type rating syllabus.
2.2. The aim of the course 2.2 REV1 / 01.10.2018
1. The training course is designed to give the student adequate theoretical knowledge, training in ground handling and flying tech-niques based on established teaching methods.
2. The aim of the training course is to become proficient in single pilot aeroplane operation under VFR weather conditions, including mountain and radio navigation. A funda-mental part of the training course is to stress the importance of decision making as a pilot in command. Therefore, this training course gives the student: a) a thorough knowledge of the aircraft sys-
tems, powerplant, avionics and their as-sociated limitations;
b) a knowledge of the positioning and oper-ation of the flight deck controls and indic-ators for the aircraft and its systems;
c) an understanding of system malfunc-tions, their effect on aircraft operations and interaction with other systems;
d) an understanding of normal, abnormal and emergency procedures stated in the aircraft flight manual; and
e) an understanding of performance and mass and balance charts.
3. During the training course the student is made aware of hazardous attitudes and their effect on flight safety. Safety aware-ness and risk management are a funda-mental part of the course.
2.3. Pre-entry requirements 2.3 REV1 / 01.10.2018
Before being accepted for training the student shall: • be informed that the appropriate medical
certificate must be obtained before SOLO flying is permitted.
Before first SOLO flight, the student shall: • be at least 16 years of age; and • hold at least a Medical certificate class
LAPL. For the LAPL(A) skill test, the applicant shall: • be at least 17 years of age.
ADMIN
2.4. Summary of minimum training hours 2.4 REV1 / 01.10.2018
The training course includes: a) 100 hours of theoretical knowledge training; b) 30 hours of flight instruction on aeroplanes
or TMG, including at least: c) 15 hours of dual flight instruction in the
class in which the skill test will be taken; i) 6 hours of supervised SOLO flight time,
including at least 3 hours of SOLO cross country flight time with at least 1 cross country flight of at least 150 km (80 NM), with 1 full stop landing at an aerodrome different from the aerodrome of depar-ture; and
ii) the skill test is additional to the training course time.
2.4.1. Distance learning The amount of time spent in actual classroom instruction shall not be less than 10% (10 hours) of the total duration of the course. 2.4.2. Credits for previous experience 1. For crediting of theoretical knowledge refer
to Part FCL.035(b). 2. Applicants with prior experience as PIC may
be credited towards the requirements in b). The amount of credits is decided by The Zulu Flight Training DTO, on the basis of a pre-entry flight test, but shall in any case: a) not exceed the total flight time as PIC; b) not exceed 50% of the hours required in
b); and c) not include the requirements in b) ii).
2.4.2.1. Specific requirements for applic-ants holding a LAPL(S) with a TMG extension
Applicants for an LAPL(A) holding a LAPL(S) with TMG extension shall have completed at least 21 hours of flight time on TMG after the endorsement of the TMG extension and com-plied with the requirements of FCL.135.A(a) on aeroplanes.
2.5. Theoretical knowledge training 2.5 REV1 / 01.10.2018
The theoretical knowledge training consists of all instruction given for the purpose of the train-ing course and includes classroom lessons. Additional theoretical knowledge necessary for the specific air exercise are covered by the in-structor during the instructor’s briefing.
2.6. Flight instruction 2.6 REV1 / 01.10.2018
Before allowing the student to undertake his / her first SOLO flight, the instructor shall ensure that the student can operate the required sys-tems and equipment and can use radiotele-phony communication.
ADMIN
The numbering of air exercises has to be used primarily as an exercise reference list and as a broad instructional sequencing guide: therefore the demonstrations and practices do not ne-cessarily need to be given in the order listed. The actual order and content will depend upon the following interrelated factors: • the student progress and ability; • the weather conditions affecting the
flight; • the available flight time; • instructional technique considerations; • the local operating environment; and • the applicability of the exercises to the
aeroplane or TMG type. 2.6.1. Air exercises Air exercises are not independent, therefore sessions can be combined; times reported on the air exercise table are indicative only. Each of the exercises involves the need for the ap-plicant to be aware of good airmanship and look-out, which should be emphasised at all times.
2.7. Teaching materials 2.7 REV1 / 01.10.2018
The following list represents the reference ma-terial that covers the subject details shown in the main body of the syllabus: • Basic aviation knowledge BAK (Aéro
Club) • Swiss VFR manual (Skyguide) • Aviation weather quick reference (Met-
eoSwiss) • Aircraft flight manual (AFM) • …
2.8. Time scale 2.8 REV1 / 01.10.2018
The LAPL(A) theoretical examination shall be completed within 18 months from the first ex-amination attempt; LAPL(A) skill test shall be completed within 24 months after the complete pass of the theoretical examinations. The co-ordination of ground and flight training is a necessary and important part of any pilot course. Particular care should be given in en-suring that flying training sessions are appro-priate to the student’s level of theoretical know-ledge.
2.9. Course completion standards 2.9 REV1 / 01.10.2018
Upon completion of the training course, the student has the experience, the competence in flying and the knowledge for the initial issue of
a LAPL(A) and is aware of the privileges of the licence and of the responsibilities and duties as pilot-in-command. The student shall demon-strate a level of theoretical knowledge appro-priate to the privileges granted, through exam-inations on subjects from Chapter 3. The applicant for a LAPL(A) shall demonstrate to an examiner the ability to handle the aero-plane safely and confidently under normal, ab-normal and emergency operations, including pre-flight and post-flight. 2.9.1. Extension of the privileges to an-
other class or variant of aeroplane Refer to Part FCL.135.A.
ADMIN
3. Theoretical knowledge training Part 3 REV1 / 01.10.2018
3.1. Theoretical knowledge subjects and time scale 3.1 REV1 / 01.10.2018
Theory
hours
010 Air law and ATC procedures 8:00
International law: conventions, agreements and organisations
1:00
Airworthiness of aircraft 0:45
Aircraft nationality and registration marks 0:15
Personnel licencing 0:45
Rules of the air 0:45
Procedures for air navigation services: aircraft operations
0:30
Air traffic management 0:30
Aeronautical information service 0:30
Aerodromes, external take-off sites 0:40
Search and rescue 0:20
Security 0:20
Aircraft accident and incident investigation 0:40
National law 1:00
020 Aircraft general knowledge 16:00
Airframe and systems, electrics, powerplant and emergency equipment
8:00
Instrumentation 8:00
030 Flight performance and planning 8:00
Mass and balance 3:00
Performance 2:00
Flight planning and flight monitoring 3:00
040 Human performance 8:00
Human factors: basic concepts 2:00
Basic aviation physiology and health maintenance 4:00
Basic aviation psychology 2:00
050 Meteorology 16:00
Atmosphere: composition, extent and vertical division
3:00
Air temperature 1:00
Atmospheric pressure 2:00
Air density 1:30
ICAO standard atmosphere 0:30
Altimetry 2:00
Definition and measurement of wind 3:00
Primary cause of wind 3:00
ADMIN
Theory
hours
060 Navigation 16:00
Basics of navigation 3:00
Magnetism and compasses 1:00
Charts 2:00
Dead reckoning navigation 2:00
In-flight navigation 2:00
Basic radio propagation theory 1:00
Radio aids 2:00
Radar 1:00
GNSS 2:00
070 Operational procedures 8:00
General requirements 2:00
Special operational procedures and hazards (general aspects)
4:00
Emergency procedures 2:00
080 Principles of flight 8:00
Subsonic aerodynamics 3:00
Stability 1:00
Control 1:00
Limitations 1:00
Propellers 0:45
Flight mechanics 1:15
091 VFR communication 12:00
Definitions 1:00
General operating procedures 2:00
Relevant weather information terms (VFR) 3:00
Ac t ion requ i red to be taken in case o f communication failure
2:00
Distress and urgency procedures 2:00
General principles of VHF propagation and allocation of frequencies
2:00
Total: 100:00
ADMIN
4. Flight instruction Part 4 REV1 / 01.10.2018
List of air exercises sections: 1 Basic
2 Standard procedures 1
3 Abnormal procedures 1
4 Navigation 1
5 Standard procedures 2 and first SOLO
6 Abnormal procedures 2
7 Navigation 2
8 Basic radio navigation
9 Revision before LAPL(A) skill test
ADMIN
1.1 Familiarisation flight
Program • Introduce the student to the third dimen-
sion • Straight and level flight
Exercise content • Acclimatization to the flight • Characteristics of the aeroplane or TMG,
external features • Cockpit layout • Primary effects of flight controls when
laterally level and when banked • Further effects of aileron and rudder • Identification and concept of appropriate
aiming points • The student pilot executes every phase
of the flight
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. The student is comfortably installed and
has a good feeling with the aeroplane 2. Understanding of aiming point 3. Personal:
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:45 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
1.2 Flight attitude 1
Program • Local flight exercise • Aiming points • At normal cruising power, attaining and
maintaining straight and level flight • Straight and level flight at selected air
speed (use of power)
Exercise content • Flight authorisation and aeroplane or
TMG acceptance • Serviceability documents • Checklists, procedures and controls • Equipment required (maps, etc.) • External and internal checks • Student comfort: harness, seat or rudder
panel adjustments • Starting and warm-up checks • Power checks • Control in pitch, including use of trim (ef-
fect of trimming control) • Lateral level, direction and balance and
trim • Use of radio and instrument checks • Running down system checks and
switching OFF the engine • Parking, security and picketing • Completion of authorisation sheet and
aeroplane serviceability documents
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. The student is comfortably installed and
has a good feeling with the aeroplane 2. Correct straight and level flight 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
1:00 0:45 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
1.3 Flight attitude 2
Program • Pitch and power exercises during speed
and configuration changes • Effectiveness of the primary flight con-
trols
Exercise content • Aiming point • Effect of: air speed, slipstream, power,
flaps (ballooning) and other controls • Effect of inertia • Primary and secondary effects • The throttle and RPM control • Operation of: mixture control, carburettor
heat and cabin heating / ventilation sys-tems
• The landing gear • Other engine and ancillary controls
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Lift, weight, drag and traction knowledge 2. Correct altitude control 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:45 0:50 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
1.4 Flight attitude 3
Program • Turns: straight flight, climb and descend • Level-off at selected altitudes
Exercise content • Forces and stability including relationship
to CG during all flight phases and identi-fication of aiming point
• Climb: entry and maintaining the normal and maximum rate climb and levelling-off
• Different type of climbs: with flaps down, maximum angle and en route (cruise climb)
• Recovery to normal climb • Descend: entry, maintaining and level-
ling-off • Different type of descends: glide,
powered, cruise (including effect of power and air speed) and side slipping
• Visual attitude for descent, climb and level flight, including effect of power and air speed
• Entry and maintaining medium level turns and resuming straight flight
• Turns onto selected headings use of gyro heading indicator and compass
• Climbing and descending turns and ef-fect on rate of climb or descent
• Faults in the turn: incorrect pitch, bank and balance, slipping and skidding
• Control of airspace and look-out • Airmanship
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct sequence of level-off procedure 2. Correct speed control 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:45 0:50 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
1.5 Flight attitude 4
Program • Taxi exercises • Straight and level flight at various power
settings, at selected airspeeds and with different changing configuration
Exercise content • Pre-taxi checks • Starting taxi, control of speed and stop-
ping • Engine handling during taxi • Control of direction and turning (including
manoeuvring in confined spaces) • Effects of wind and use of flying controls • Effects of ground surface • Freedom of rudder movement • Instrument checks • Pre-take-off checks or drills • Drills during and after take-off • After landing aeroplane control • Parking area procedures and precautions • Marshalling signals, airmanship and ATC
procedures
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct ground operations and checklists 2. Correct ballooning compensation 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:45 0:50 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
1.6 Flight attitude 5
Program • Simulated final approach with systematic
correction down to “gate” position with flare, followed by go-around
• Application of go-around procedures
Exercise content • Mislanding / go-around procedures and
compensation of torque • Missed approach • Identification of adverse situation requir-
ing a go-around • Standard procedures and power settings
during approach • Approach, corrections on final approach
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Systematic correction during final ap-
proach 2. Correct application of go-around proced-
ure including compensation of torque 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:45 0:50 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
1.7 Flight attitude 6
Program • High speed flight • TMG only: in-flight engine stop and re-
start
Exercise content • Passenger briefing • Escape drills (land / water), location and
use of emergency equipment and exits • Brake and steering failure • Flight at critical high speeds • Demonstration of inherent stability • Stopping (switching-off), restarting the
engine and engine cooling (in case of TMG only)
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct rejected take-off procedure 2. Good knowledge of cockpit layout 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:45 0:45 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
2.1 Circuits introduction
Program • Into wind take-off • Circuits with systematic corrections on
final approach • Application of go-around procedures
Exercise content • Geometry of ICAO standard circuit • Standard procedures and power settings
during circuit • Approach, corrections on final approach • Go-around procedures and compensa-
tion of torque • Safeguarding the nose wheel • Noise abatement procedures
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct standard circuit geometry 2. Correct spatial orientation 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:40 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
2.2 Circuits 1
Program • Flight around aerodrome VFR entry
points • Geographical references for base aero-
drome circuit
Exercise content • Introduction to Swiss VFR manual, in-
cluding non-standard circuits and local procedures
• Air traffic control procedures • Circuit procedures, downwind and base
leg • Pre-landing checks
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Identification of aerodrome entry points 2. Correct circuit geometry 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:30 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
2.3 Circuits 2
Program • Normal circuits at base aerodrome
Exercise content • Departure segment VX, VY • Pitch and power philosophy • Systematic approach angle correction
(constant angle approach) • Visualisation of the aiming point • Performance calculations: factors affect-
ing ground run and take-off distance • Types of take-off (procedures / tech-
niques): crosswind, flapless, short field and soft field
• Ground effect during take-off • Go-around procedure
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Stable departure segment 2. Systematic correction during final ap-
proach 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:40 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
2.4 Circuits 3
Program • Normal circuits at base aerodrome
Exercise content • Final approach «gate» and «aiming
point» • Effect of wind (head and tail) on ap-
proach and touchdown speed and use of flaps
• Factors affecting the final approach (cor-rection of deviations and early recogni-tion of trends) and the landing run dis-tance
• Wheel landing (tail wheel aeroplane) • Ground effect during landing • Increase in precision • Approach followed by landing or go-
around
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Early correction of deviation 2. Correct application of go-around proced-
ure 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:40 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
2.5 Circuits 4
Program • Slow flight exercises • Normal circuits at base aerodrome
Exercise content • Introduction to slow flight and safety
checks • Controlled flight down to critically slow air
speed • Application of full power with correct atti-
tude and balance to achieve normal climb speed
• Consolidation of circuit • Windshear awareness • Wake turbulence awareness • Independent initiation of go-around pro-
cedure if necessary • Systematic correction on final approach
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct and systematic slow flight recov-
ery 2. Safe landings with controlled touch-down 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:40 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
3.1 Flight envelope’s limits 1
Program • Approach to stall during climb out (at
safe altitude) • Approach to stall and recovery in differ-
ent configurations and power settings
Instructor briefing • The symptoms of the stall, stall recogni-
tion and recovery • Characteristics of the stall, angle of at-
tack and effectiveness of the controls at the stall
• Clean stall and recovery without power and with power
• Recovery when a wing drop • Approach to stall in the approach and in
the landing configurations, with and without power and recovery at the incipi-ent stage
• Secondary stalls with increased wing loading
• Factors affecting the stalling speed: ef-fect of flaps, power, mass, CG and load factor
• The effects of unbalance at the stall • Safety checks before starting the exer-
cise • Airmanship
Exercise content
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Recognition and correct recovery pro-
cedure of stall 2. Correct flight attitude and speed control
during stall recovery 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:40 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
3.2 Non-standard approaches and circuits
Program • Random circuits at base aerodrome, cor-
rections from various outsets • Crosswind and downwind landings
Instructor briefing
Exercise content • Consolidation of circuit • Increase in precision • Correction of deviations, early recogni-
tion of trends • Keeping to the approach profile with dif-
ferent outsets • Types of approach and landing (proced-
ures / techniques): powered, crosswind, flapless, short field and soft field
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Early correction of deviation 2. Regular and stabilized final approach 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:45 0:40 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
3.3 Abnormal procedures 1
Program • Rejected take-off • Approach in different configurations • Retraction of flaps in final approach
Exercise content • Abandoned (rejected) take-off • Aerodynamic forces and variation of drag
during flaps setting • Wing profile and angles change during
flaps setting • Stall angles in relation with speed during
flaps setting • Approach with non-standard flaps set-
tings • Recognition of approach path vector and
flight attitude for final approach • Recognition of different aiming points • Recognition of behaviour during flare and
landing phase • Knowledge of relevant systems
Exercise content
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Appropriate corrections on final with dif-
ferent flaps settings 2. Correct relation between pitch, speed
and power 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:30 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
3.4 Emergency and precautionary landing 1
Program • Engine failure during initial climb after
departure • Engine failure on downwind with follow-
ing approach to runway in use • Engine failure in any position in the cir-
cuit with following approach to any run-way of the airfield
Exercise content • Importance and structure of departure
briefing • Engine failure handling • PPAA philosophy • Setting of priority • Tactical approach path and correct use of
flaps • Engine failure after take-off • Arrangement of approach profile power-
off using different configurations • Arrangement of flight track for forced
landing on runway in use
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct energy management during en-
gine failure 2. Adequate approach angle corrections 3. Personal:
Note: forced landings outside aerodrome: for safety reasons, go around will be initiated at least at 150 ft/AGL, as soon as the success of the approach can be estimated.
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved Instructor
briefingDUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
1:00 0:30 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
3.5 Instruments failures
Program • Partial panel flight during aerodrome cir-
cuits at base aerodrome
Exercise content • Standard departure briefing • Identification of flight instruments • Instruments incorrect indication • Corrective and systematic action during
partial panel flight (all primary flight in-struments including RPM indicator shall be covered up)
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct setting of priorities 2. Safe flight operation during partial panel
flight 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:30 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
4.1 Cross country navigation 1
Program • Navigation with known route (dead reck-
oning)
Exercise content • Choice of route: controlled airspace,
danger, prohibited and restricted areas, safety altitude and noise abatement con-siderations
• Working with ICAO charts and opera-tional flight plan (OFP), map selection and preparation
• Weather forecast and actual(s) • Calculations: magnetic heading(s) and
time(s) enroute, fuel consumption and mass and balance
• Notification of the flight and flight plans form
• Pre-flight administrative procedures • Organisation of cockpit workload • Maintenance of altitude and heading • Systematic navigational procedures (set-
ting heading procedure, track-line, noting of ETA, log keeping and 5-T rule)
• Uncertainty of position procedure / lost procedure
• Revision of ETA and heading: 1 in 60 rule and amending an ETA
• Transiting controlled or regular airspace • Airspace structure
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Independent navigation and approach 2. Correct cockpit management 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
1:00 0:40 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
4.2 Cross country navigation 2
Program • Navigation with known route (dead reck-
oning) to the alternate aerodrome gener-ally used
• Departure and arrival procedures accord-ing VAC
Exercise content • NOTAM • Radio frequencies for the selected route • Selection of alternate aerodrome • Calculations: performance • Aeroplane or TMG documentation • Departure and arrival procedure: alti-
meter settings and ATC liaison in con-trolled or regulated airspace
• Map reading, identification of ground fea-tures
• Approach to an external airport: arrival procedures, entering the traffic pattern (joining procedure) and circuit
• Closing of flight plan • Administration at airport: parking, refuel-
ling, security of aeroplane or TMG and post-flight administrative procedures
• Hazard avoidance techniques
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct and complete preparation of
briefing 2. Correct navigation with OFP 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:45 0:45 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
4.3 Mountain cross country navigation 1
Program • Climb in accordance with OFP and ap-
plication of different climb speeds • Orbits in mountain region to gain altitude • Application and escape procedure during
pass and / or crest crossing • Action before descending and descend
planning
Exercise content • Flight technique and tactics for alps
crossing, basic navigation flight over the mountains
• Navigation according to planning • Top of climb (TOC) and top of descend
(TOD) calculation • Use of different speeds to achieve safe
altitude at a specific point (VY, VClimb) • Specific weather situation and considera-
tion on alpine region • Effect of wind and turbulence, drift angle
and groundspeed checks • Vertical situational awareness (avoidance
of controlled flight into terrain) • High altitude aerodrome operation • Radio failures procedures
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct navigation over the mountains 2. Correct pass and / or crest crossing
techniques 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:45 1:00 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
5.1 Circuits 5
Program • Random approaches • Circuits, including go-around • Correction from various outset
Exercise content • The local area, restrictions, map reading • Procedures for leaving and re-joining the
circuit • Systematic approach angle corrections,
keeping the approach profile with differ-ent outset
• Visualisation of the aiming point • Importance of visual approach angle
guidance system (VASI / PAPI) • Low and high circuits, corrections on ap-
proach angle • Go-around if necessary (own judgement)
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Safe landing in designated touch-down
zones 2. Recognize and correct deviations on ap-
proach angle systematically 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:40 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
5.2 Circuits 6
Program • Normal circuits at base aerodrome
Exercise content • Use of radio aids for homing • Turns using magnetic compass (com-
pass errors) • Independent initiation of go-around pro-
cedure if necessary
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct and systematic set-up of ap-
proach and priority 2. Safe landings 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:40 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
5.3 Before first SOLO flight
Program • Normal circuits at base aerodrome
Instructor briefing • Action if an emergency occurs
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Ready for first SOLO flight 2. Safe landings 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:30 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
5.4 First SOLO flight
Program • SOLO circuits / approaches / landings (or
go-around if judged necessary) at base aerodrome with appropriate flight prepar-ation, checks, procedures and weather conditions (into wind take-off)
• The instructor observes the flight from ground
Exercise content • Briefing before first SOLO flight • Limitations • Use of required equipment • Warn of change of attitude from reduced
and laterally displaced weight • Administration before first SOLO flight
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Safe operation 2. Personal:
Condition for first SOLO flight □ Minimum age 16 years
□ Medical certificate class 1 / 2
□ Navigation flight to alternate aerodrome (4.2)
□ Dual flight immediately before first SOLO flight (5.3)
□ Student’s SOLO flight authorisation
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 - 0:30 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
5.5 Circuits 7
Program • Normal circuits at base aerodrome
Exercise content • Additional items and question according
to instructor
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct and systematic set-up of ap-
proach and priority 2. Safe landings 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:30 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
5.6 Circuits 8
Program • SOLO circuits at base aerodrome with
appropriate weather conditions • The instructor observes the flight from
ground
Exercise content • Additional items and question according
to instructor
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Safe operation 2. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 - 0:40 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
5.7 Circuits 9
Program • Normal circuits at base aerodrome
Exercise content • Additional items and question according
to instructor
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 3. Correct and systematic set-up of ap-
proach and priority 4. Safe landings 5. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:30 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
5.8 Circuits 10
Program • SOLO circuits at base aerodrome with
appropriate weather conditions • The instructor observes the flight from
ground
Exercise content • Additional items and question according
to instructor
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Safe operation 2. Safe landings 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 - 0:40 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
5.9 Circuits 11
Program • SOLO circuits at base aerodrome with
appropriate weather conditions • The instructor observes the flight from
ground
Exercise content • Additional items and question according
to instructor
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Safe operation 2. Safe landings 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 - 0:40 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
6.1 Flight envelope’s limits 2
Program • Recovery from unusual attitudes, includ-
ing spiral dives • Instructor induced distractions during the
stall • Steep turns
Exercise content • Aeroplane flight envelope’s limits • Recognition and avoidance of a spin • Characteristics and recovery from spiral
dives • Stalling and recovery at the incipient spin
stage (stall with excessive wing drop, about 45°)
• Safety checks before starting the exer-cise
• Recovery from upsets condition • Steep turns (45° bank): level and des-
cending • Effect of forces during turns (45° bank)
and identification of aiming point • Stalling in the turn and recovery • Airmanship
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct recovery from unusual attitudes 2. Steep turns within tolerances 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
1:00 1:00 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
6.2 Emergency and precautionary landing 2
Program • Precautionary landings in different areas
including full procedure away from aero-drome to break-off height
Instructor briefing • Concept and idea of precautionary land-
ing • Occasions necessitating a precautionary
landing • In-flight conditions • Landing area selection and overhead
inspection: normal aerodrome, disused aerodrome and ordinary field
• Circuit, approach and landing • Actions after landing • Aeroplane security • Airmanship and decision making
rpaaExercise content
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Decision making and correct judgment of
precautionary landing 2. Correct selection of landing area and
standard circuit 3. Personal:
Note: forced landings outside aerodrome: for safety reasons, go around will be initiated at least at 150 ft/AGL, as soon as the success of the approach can be estimated.
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved Instructor
briefingDUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:45 0:40 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
6.3 Emergency and precautionary landing 3
Program • Simulated engine failure at work area • Simulated engine failure at base aero-
drome entry point
Exercise content • Causes of engine failure • Forced landing procedure • Choice of landing area, provision for
change of plan • Gliding distance consideration and des-
cend plan • Key positions, base leg, final approach
and landing • Engine cooling • Engine failure checks • Use of radio «distress» procedure • Glide approach and landing • Actions after landing, aeroplane security • Airmanship and decision making
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct selection of landing area 2. Correct decision making 3. Personal:
Note: forced landings outside aerodrome: for safety reasons, go around will be initiated at least at 150 ft/AGL, as soon as the success of the approach can be estimated.
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved Instructor
briefingDUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:50 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
6.4 Simulated systems’ failures and fire on board
Program • Simulated engine fire during engine start • Simulated engine fire during taxi • Simulated emergency and abnormal
situations according to instructor • Approach without elevator and ailerons
Exercise content • System failures • Corrective action during leaks: oil, fuel,
hydraulic, coolant, etc. • Application of emergency procedures /
checklists, by-heart drills • Action if fire on the ground and in the air • Engine, cabin and electrical system fire • Problems with flight and / or engine con-
trols
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Independent actions and decisions after
technical malfunctions 2. Correct application of emergency and
abnormal procedures / checklists 3. Personal:
Note: forced landings outside aerodrome: for safety reasons, go around will be initiated at least at 150 ft/AGL, as soon as the success of the approach can be estimated.
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved Instructor
briefingDUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:45 0:40 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
7.1 Cross country navigation 3
Program • Navigation with known route and pos-
sible diversion • Fly to 1 external airport
Exercise content • Minimum weather conditions for continu-
ation of flight, considerations and flight technique
• Avoidance of moderate and heavy rain showers
• Effects of precipitation • Bad weather circuit (joining procedure)
and landing • Decision to divert or conduct precaution-
ary landing: appropriate procedure and choice of landing area
• In-flight decisions and re-planning: diver-sion procedure
• Airmanship • Administration at external airport
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct airmanship and decision making,
ready for first SOLO cross country navig-ation flight
2. Correct handling of aeroplane and sys-tems during the whole flight
3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 0:50 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
7.2 SOLO cross country navigation 1
Program • SOLO cross country navigation around
the base aerodrome
Exercise content • Navigation according to planning • Working with ICAO charts and opera-
tional flight plan (OFP), map selection and preparation
• Hazards: obstacles, other aircraft and terrain
• Difficulties of map reading • Administration before first SOLO cross
country navigation
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Safe operation 2. Correct navigation according OFP 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 - 0:40 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
7.3 SOLO cross country navigation 2
Program • SOLO cross country navigation to 1 ex-
ternal airport
Exercise content • Additional items and question according
to instructor • Navigation according to planning • Working with ICAO charts and opera-
tional flight plan (OFP), map selection and preparation
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Safe operation 2. Correct navigation according OFP 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 - 1:00 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
7.4 Mountain cross country navigation 2
Program • Mountain navigation to 1 external airport
Exercise content • Navigation over the mountains according
to planning • Avoidance of noise sensitive areas • Go-around with limited power • Administration at externals airports
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Safe overall operation, decision making 2. Independent navigation and approach 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 1:00 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
7.5 SOLO cross country navigation 3
Program • SOLO cross country navigation to 1 ex-
ternal airport (distance 80 NM)
Exercise content • Additional items and question according
to instructor • Administration before first SOLO cross
country navigation over the mountains • Navigation according to planning • Working with ICAO charts and opera-
tional flight plan (OFP), map selection and preparation
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Safe operation 2. Correct navigation according OFP 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 - 1:10 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
8.1 Basic radio navigation
Program • Tracking of CDI and OBS • Determination of radial • Obtaining a QDM and homing
Exercise content • Use of GNSS: selection of waypoints and
errors messages • Use of VOR: availability, AIP, frequen-
cies, selection and identification • TO or FROM indication and orientation • Obtaining a FIX with two VOR • Use of ADF (NDB): availability, AIP, fre-
quencies, selection and identification • Use of VDF: availability, AIP and fre-
quencies • Use of DME: station selection and identi-
fication, slant distance, ground speed and time to run
• Orientation relative to the beacon • RTF procedures and ATC liaison
Theoretical basis • AFM • …
Targets 1. Correct use of radio navigation equip-
ment 2. Spatial orientation 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:45 0:30 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
8.2 Cross country radio navigation
Program • Radio navigation to 1 external airport
Exercise content • Radio navigation according to planning • Use of en route or terminal radar: avail-
ability and AIP, procedures and ATC li-aison and pilot responsibility
• Secondary surveillance radar (transpon-der): code selection, interrogation and replay
• NAV setting: use of navaids • Approach to a new airport, circuit joining
procedures and geometry • Administration at external airport
Theoretical basis • RFM • …
Targets 1. Application of radio navigation technique
including proper NAV setting 2. Correct radio navigation 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:45 0:30 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
8.3 SOLO cross country radio navigation
Program • Preparation of a complete pre-flight brief-
ing (performance, mass and balance, weather, NOTAMS, DABS)
• SOLO cross country radio navigation
Exercise content • Navigation according to planning • Working with ICAO charts and opera-
tional flight plan (OFP), map selection and preparation
Theoretical basis • RFM • …
Targets 1. Safe operation 2. Correct radio navigation according OFP 3. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 - 0:40 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
9.1 Revision flight
Program • Revision according to instructor
Exercise content • Additional items and question according
to instructor • Administration before skill test according
«Examiner guide EASA Part FCL»
Theoretical basis • General repetition of all items
Targets 1. Ready for LAPL(A) skill test 2. Personal:
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
Instructor briefing
DUAL flight
session
SOLO flight
sessionInstructor debriefing Equipment
0:30 1:10 - 0:15 (A) / TMG
ADMIN
Targets
Good points
Points to improve
Targets for the next session
Open items
4.1. Time scale 4.1 REV1 / 01.10.2018
The table on the following page shows the breakdown of hours for flight instruction of the LAPL(A) training course.
o Achieved o Partially achieved
o Not achieved
No Air exerciseInstructor briefi
ng
DUAL
flight sessi
on
SOLO
flight sessi
on
Instructor debriefing
1.1 Familiarisation flight 0:30 0:45 - 0:15
1.2 Flight attitude 1 1:00 0:45 - 0:15
1.3 Flight attitude 2 0:45 0:50 - 0:15
1.4 Flight attitude 3 0:45 0:50 - 0:15
1.5 Flight attitude 4 0:45 0:50 - 0:15
1.6 Flight attitude 5 0:45 0:50 - 0:15
1.7 Flight attitude 6 0:45 0:45 - 0:15
2.1 Circuits introduction 0:30 0:40 - 0:15
2.2 Circuits 1 0:30 0:30 - 0:15
2.3 Circuits 2 0:30 0:40 - 0:15
2.4 Circuits 3 0:30 0:40 - 0:15
2.5 Circuits 4 0:30 0:40 - 0:15
3.1 Flight envelope’s limits 1 0:30 0:40 - 0:15
3.2 Non-standard approaches and circuits 0:45 0:40 - 0:15
3.3 Abnormal procedures 1 1:00 0:30 - 0:15
3.4 Emergency and precautionary landing 1 0:30 0:30 - 0:15
3.5 Instruments failures 0:30 0:30 - 0:15
4.1 Cross country navigation 1 1:00 0:40 - 0:15
4.2 Cross country navigation 2 0:45 0:45 - 0:15
4.3 Mountain cross country navigation 1 0:45 1:00 - 0:15
5.1 Circuits 5 0:30 0:40 - 0:15
5.2 Circuits 6 0:30 0:40 - 0:15
5.3 Before first SOLO flight 0:30 0:30 - 0:15
5.4 First SOLO flight 0:30 - 0:30 0:15
5.5 Circuits 7 0:30 0:30 - 0:15
5.6 Circuits 8 0:30 - 0:40 0:15
5.7 Circuits 9 0:30 0:30 - 0:15
5.8 Circuits 10 0:30 - 0:40 0:15
5.9 Circuits 11 0:30 - 0:40 0:15
6.1 Flight envelope’s limits 2 0:45 1:00 - 0:15
6.2 Emergency and precautionary landing 2 0:45 0:40 - 0:15
6.3 Emergency and precautionary landing 3 0:30 0:50 - 0:15
6.4 Simulated systems’ failures and fire on board 0:45 0:40 - 0:15
7.1 Cross country navigation 3 0:30 0:50 - 0:15
7.2 SOLO cross country navigation 1 0:30 - 0:40 0:15
7.3 SOLO cross country navigation 2 0:30 - 1:00 0:15
7.4 Mountain cross country navigation 2 0:30 1:00 - 0:15
ADMIN
7.5 SOLO cross country navigation 3 0:30 - 1:10 0:15
8.1 Basic radio navigation 0:45 0:30 - 0:15
8.2 Cross country radio navigation 0:45 0:30 - 0:15
8.3 SOLO cross country radio navigation 0:30 - 0:40 0:15
9.1 Revision flight 0:30 1:10 - 0:15
Totals: 25:45 24:00 6:00 10:30
30:00
No Air exerciseInstructor briefi
ng
DUAL
flight sessi
on
SOLO
flight sessi
on
Instructor debriefing
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