- 1. LLNL-PRES-591192This work was performed under the auspices
of theU.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence LivermoreNational
Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.Lawrence Livermore
National Security, LLCRandy S. RobertsLawrence Livermore National
Laboratory
2. A frame from infrared video Processed infrared reveals a
bullet Projectiles are hot, and heat the air as they fly Using
infrared cameras and appropriate data processing, we cansee a
projectiles trajectory and backtrack it to the shooterLawrence
Livermore NationalLaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5911922Bullet in Flight 3.
Originally designed for VIP protection, real-time processingallows
LifeGuard to quickly locate the source of a threatLawrence
Livermore NationalLaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5911923 4. Lawrence Livermore
NationalLaboratorySpatio-temporal filterBinarize ImageMorphologic
filteringTemporal high passfilter followed byWiener spatial filter
toreduce scintillationnoiseFilter out clutter usingapriori
knowledge ofstreak parametersData associationUse a Nearest
Neighboralgorithm to associatesequences of streaks into
atrajectoryKalman filterFour state (x, y, vx, vy)Kalman filter to
smoothtrajectory measurementsLLNL-PRES-591192 4Muzzle flash
&Bullet streakparameterizationStabilize ImageMatch parameters
toweapons data libraryBullet, mortar &RPG
streaksMuzzleFlashDetermine shootercoordinates and
errorellipseCorrect image sequencefor aircraft jitter andmotionUse
different sets of thresholdsto segment bullet, mortar, RPGstreaks
and muzzle flashUse Kalman filter tobacktrack and estimateshooter
location, andits covariance matrix toestimate location errorMWIR
image sequence@ 350 fpsShooter location anderror measureExtract
parameters frommuzzle flash (timeevolution, brightness,size) and
streaks(brightness and length)Weapon classificationLifeGuard 5.
Lawrence Livermore NationalLaboratoryLLNL-PRES-591192 5 6. LLNL has
developed sophisticated image processing software to
maximizeprojectile detection and minimize false alarmsLawrence
Livermore NationalLaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5911926 7. Lawrence Livermore
NationalLaboratoryMuzzle Flash Detectors Produce false alarms in
clutter Cant be used with flash suppression Cant be used if the
shooter is behind astructureNeed line-of-sight Doesnt provide
shooting directionAcoustic gunshot detectors Not as precise as
optical tracking Reverberations, multipath from structurescause
false alarms Problems if gunshot silencedLLNL-PRES-5911927Muzzle
Flash Detection -- High false alarm rate 8. Tracking projectiles
with LifeGuard is a proven technology Optics technology and image
processing are key to exploiting theLawrence Livermore
NationalLaboratoryLLNL-PRES-591192underlying physics Recent
advances in technology have enabled significant reductions insize,
weight, power and cost of infrared detecting cameras Room
temperature operation 2 watts, 120 grams Potential Applications 3D
precision tracking using two or more LifeGuard Sensors Tracking
mortar fire back to its source to find shooter,predicting location
of impact for timely warning Wearable LifeGuard sensors on
soldiers, micro-UAVs8 9. Lawrence Livermore
NationalLaboratoryGenaro [email protected]