2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 1 NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference Lifecycle Perspective Lifecycle Perspective of of Technologies and Properties Technologies and Properties Technologies and Properties Technologies and Properties of Recycled Aggregate of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Concrete in Japan in Japan Takafumi NOGUCHI The University of Tokyo [email protected]tokyo.ac.jp December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
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2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 1
Technologies and PropertiesTechnologies and PropertiesTechnologies and Properties Technologies and Properties of Recycled Aggregate of Recycled Aggregate ConcreteConcretein Japanin Japan
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 2
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability Conference
Content
•• IntroductionIntroductionHistory of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling–– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures–– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology–– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures–– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 3
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceEnvironmental Problems in Concrete
IndustriesIndustries
•• Global warmingGlobal warmingResource depletionResource depletion•• Resource depletionResource depletion
•• Waste disposalWaste disposal
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
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Building Related CO2 Emission
Housing
construction
Commercial
building
Japan’s totalCO2 emission
1.2 billion
5% construction
6%Building
repair
1%tons Energy for
housing
operationEnergy for
36%36%
Other
industries
64%
11%gy
commercial
building
operation
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
p
13%
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 5
COCO22: 0.35 : 0.35 -- 0.45 ton0.45 tonCement production (0 25 ton)Cement production (0 25 ton)
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
Cement production (0.25 ton)Cement production (0.25 ton)Others (0.1 Others (0.1 –– 0.2 ton)0.2 ton)
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Resource Input into Construction Industries
TotalTotal ConstructionConstruction
Total: 2,000 (million t/year)Total: 2,000 (million t/year) Total: 1,000 (million t/year)Total: 1,000 (million t/year)CONCRETE is the second most widely consumed CONCRETE is the second most widely consumed substances on Earth, after water !substances on Earth, after water !
OthersOthers“LIQUID STONE:NEW ARCHITECTURE IN CONCRETE”“LIQUID STONE:NEW ARCHITECTURE IN CONCRETE”(National Building Museum in Washington D.C.)(National Building Museum in Washington D.C.)
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Content
•• IntroductionIntroductionHistory of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling–– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures–– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology–– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures–– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 10
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Recycling Ratio of Concrete
1990RecycleDisposal
Ministry of ConstructionMinistry of ConstructionAction Plan for Construction Action Plan for Construction
ByBy--productsproducts ‘‘9494
1995
ByBy products products 9494Promotion Plan for Promotion Plan for
Construction Waste Construction Waste RecyclingRecycling ’’9797
Basic Law for Establishing aBasic Law for Establishing a
2005
2000
Basic Law for Establishing a Basic Law for Establishing a RecyclingRecycling--based Societybased Society
Construction Material Recycling ActConstruction Material Recycling ActLaw on Promoting Green Law on Promoting Green
PurchasingPurchasing
0 10 20 30 40
Emission of Concrete Lumps (million t)
2005
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For road For road subbasesubbaseFor mechanical stabilization For mechanical stabilization
underground underground
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 11
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferencePredicted Amount of Future Concrete
WasteWastet)
600
500Concrete Concrete productionproduction
on (
mill
ion
400
300
productionproduction
ConcretConcretD d fD d f
Prod
ucti
o
200
100
ConcretConcreteewastewaste
Demand forDemand forroad road subbasesubbase Greatest part of
future aggregate for concrete
Greatest part of future aggregate for concrete
0
1950 20002050
YearImbalance between Recycling
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YearImbalance betweensupply of concrete
wastedemand for road
subbase
RecyclingFrom Quantity-oriented to Quality-oriented
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Content
•• IntroductionIntroductionHistory of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling–– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures–– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology–– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures–– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
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Standardization of Recycled AggregateStandardization of Recycled Aggregate
19771977 Building Contractors SocietyBuilding Contractors Society“Draft standard for the use of recycled aggregate and recycled y gg g y
concrete”
19941994 Ministry of ConstructionMinistry of Construction“Provisional quality standard for reuse of concrete by-products”Quality requirementsQuality requirements
Density:Density: higherhigher19991999 Building Center of JapanBuilding Center of Japan
“Accreditation criteria of recycled aggregate for building concrete”
20002000 Mi i f I i l T d d I dMi i f I i l T d d I d
Density: Density: higherhigherWater absorption: Water absorption: lowerlower
20002000 Ministry of International Trade and IndustryMinistry of International Trade and Industry“TR A0006 (Low quality recycled aggregate concrete)”
20052005--20072007 Japan Industrial Standards CommitteeJapan Industrial Standards Committee“JIS A 5021 5022 d 5023 (R l d f
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“JIS A 5021, 5022 and 5023 (Recycled aggregate for concrete, Recycled Concrete)”
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 14
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceSpecified Values of Recycled Aggregate
in JISin JIS
Coarse aggregate Fine aggregate
Density(g/cm3)
Absorption(%)
Density(g/cm3)
Absorption(%)
JIS A5021(Class H)
2.5 or 2.5 or moremore 3.0 or less3.0 or less 2.5 or 2.5 or
moremore 3.5 or less3.5 or less
JIS A5022 2 3 or 2 2 orJIS A5022(Class M)
2.3 or more 5.0 or less 2.2 or
more 7.0 or less
JIS A5023 - 7 0 or less - 13.0 or
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
(Class L) - 7.0 or less - less
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Applications of Recycled Aggregate
Scope of applicationN li it tiN li it ti t th t d
Class -H
No limitationsNo limitations are put on the type and segment for concrete and structures with a nominal strength of 45MPa or less
JIS A 5308 (ReadyJIS A 5308 (Ready mixed concrete)mixed concrete) allowingH JIS A 5308 (ReadyJIS A 5308 (Ready--mixed concrete)mixed concrete) allowing to use Class-H RA for normal strength concrete
Members not subjected to drying orMembers not subjected to drying orClass -
M
Members not subjected to drying or Members not subjected to drying or freezingfreezing--andand--thawing actionthawing action, such as piles, underground beam, and concrete filled in steel tubes
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
steel tubes
Class -L
Backfill concrete, blinding concrete, and Backfill concrete, blinding concrete, and leveling concreteleveling concrete
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Content
•• IntroductionIntroductionHistory of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling–– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures–– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology–– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures–– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 17
NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceClassification of Recycling
(c) High Quality(c) High QualityRecycled AggregatesRecycled Aggregates
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NRMCA Concrete Sustainability ConferenceProblems in Conventional Technology
to Produce High-quality Recycled Aggregateto Produce High quality Recycled AggregateRepeated crushingRepeated crushing••Recovery percentage Recovery percentage d id i
Filler TankFiller Tank R l d CR l d CRecycled Coarse Recycled Coarse
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l dl d5mm5mmRecycled Fine Aggregate Recycled Fine Aggregate --5mm5mm
20mm20mmAggregate 5Aggregate 5--20mm20mmdd
PowderPowderByBy--product product PowderPowder
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Mechanism of Heated Scrubbing
H ti t R bbiHeating at 300°C
Rubbing process
Concrete rubbleWeakening of
hardenedRemoval of powdered
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
hardened cement paste
powdered cement hydrate
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Application of Heated Scrubbing MethodStorehouse : ・Upper structure : SRC 6-storey・Basement structure : RC 1-storey・Building area : 12,800m2g ,・Total floor area : 62,100m2
Total volume of recycled concrete: 25,000m3
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
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Content
•• IntroductionIntroductionHistory of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling–– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures–– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology–– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures–– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
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FineFineaggregateaggregate Demolition and Demolition and
CCement ement factoryfactory
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
ByBy--product product powderpowder CementCement
CCompleteompletellyy recyclrecyclaable ble structurestructure
recoveryrecovery
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Content
•• IntroductionIntroductionHistory of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling•• History of Measures on RecyclingHistory of Measures on Recycling–– Political MeasuresPolitical Measures–– StandardizationStandardization
•• History of Recycling TechnologyHistory of Recycling Technology–– Recycling technologies for existing structuresRecycling technologies for existing structures–– Completely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable ConcreteCompletely Recyclable Concrete
•• Conclusions Conclusions
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
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Conclusion
•• Toward Toward sustainable resourcesustainable resource--recycling societyrecycling societyConcrete recycling inConcrete recycling in closed systemclosed system–– Concrete recycling in Concrete recycling in closed systemclosed system
•• Current method: Some technical and social problemsCurrent method: Some technical and social problems
–– Adoption of technology enhancing Adoption of technology enhancing resource resource conservabilityconservability at the stage of designat the stage of designconservability conservability at the stage of designat the stage of design
•• Completely recyclable concreteCompletely recyclable concrete•• New technology with New technology with aggregate surface modification aggregate surface modification and and
microwave radiationmicrowave radiation–– Overcoming inherent conflicting properties in concrete recycling Overcoming inherent conflicting properties in concrete recycling –– Achieving high performance of concreteAchieving high performance of concrete–– Energy saving and Energy saving and small COsmall CO22 emission emission in concrete recyclingin concrete recycling–– Fully recoveringFully recovering original aggregateoriginal aggregate
December 13-14, 2010 – Dubai, UAE
–– Generating cement raw materials which Generating cement raw materials which never emit COnever emit CO22
2010 International Concrete Sustainability Conference, Dubai, UAE 39
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