Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Physical and Cognitive Development in Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood Middle and Late Childhood 6-11 Years-of-Age 6-11 Years-of-Age PowerPoints developed by Jenni Fauchier, PowerPoints developed by Jenni Fauchier, Butchered by Professor Carney Butchered by Professor Carney
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Physical and Cognitive Development Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhoodin Middle and Late Childhood
6-11 Years-of-Age6-11 Years-of-AgePowerPoints developed by Jenni Fauchier, PowerPoints developed by Jenni Fauchier,
Butchered by Professor CarneyButchered by Professor Carney
6-11 Years-of-Age6-11 Years-of-Age
Body Growth & ChangeBody Growth & Change
Slow, consistent growthSlow, consistent growth– About 2 - 3” a yr About 2 - 3” a yr
Gain 5 - 7 lbs. yr Gain 5 - 7 lbs. yr – Increases in size of Increases in size of
Skeletal systemsSkeletal systemsMuscular systemsMuscular systemsSize of body organsSize of body organs
BrainBrain– Brain volume Brain volume
Stabilizes end of late childhoodStabilizes end of late childhood– Significant changes continue Significant changes continue
Ex: Focus due to:Ex: Focus due to:– Activation of prefrontal cortexActivation of prefrontal cortex
– Do not think before actingDo not think before actingCan’t save a penny Can’t save a penny
6-11 Years-of-Age6-11 Years-of-Age
Treatment of ADHDTreatment of ADHD
Combination of Combination of – Stimulant medicationStimulant medication
Ritalin or AdderallRitalin or Adderall
– Behavior managementBehavior management Improves behavior better than either aloneImproves behavior better than either alone
ExerciseExercise Thoughts?Thoughts?
– Physicians too quick to prescribe Physicians too quick to prescribe stimulants for kids with milder forms of stimulants for kids with milder forms of ADHD?ADHD?
– Bipolar Disorder R/OBipolar Disorder R/O
Cognitive Development TheoryCognitive Development TheoryPiagetPiaget
Can reason logicallyCan reason logically– Must have a specific exampleMust have a specific example– Has conservationHas conservation– Can do in head what did on paperCan do in head what did on paper– Understand dad has other functions Understand dad has other functions
in lifein life
6-11 Years-of-Age6-11 Years-of-Age
6-11 Years-of-Age6-11 Years-of-Age
Information ProcessingInformation Processing
Information-processing Information-processing – How children process information How children process information
about their worldabout their world Dramatic improvement (6-11)Dramatic improvement (6-11)
– Sustain & control attention Sustain & control attention improvesimproves
6-11 Years-of-Age6-11 Years-of-Age
MemoryMemory
After age 7After age 7– Short-term memoryShort-term memory
Not as much of increase as Not as much of increase as preschool periodpreschool period
– Long-term memoryLong-term memoryIncreases with ageIncreases with age
– Improvements reflect increasedImprovements reflect increasedKnowledgeKnowledgeUse of memory strategies Use of memory strategies
– Think in novel & unusual waysThink in novel & unusual ways– Unique solutionsUnique solutions– May be creative in 1 area, not May be creative in 1 area, not
Triarchic theory of Triarchic theory of intelligence Sternberg Cont.intelligence Sternberg Cont.
6-11 Years-of-Age6-11 Years-of-Age
Practical intelligencePractical intelligence– Ability to: Ability to:
UseUseApplyApplyImplementImplementPut ideas into practicePut ideas into practice
Triarchic theory of Triarchic theory of intelligence Sternberg Cont.intelligence Sternberg Cont.
Triarchic theory of Triarchic theory of intelligence Sternberg Cont.intelligence Sternberg Cont.
In school:In school:– High analyticHigh analytic
Favored in conventional schoolingFavored in conventional schooling
– High creativeHigh creativeNot at top of class, do not conform to Not at top of class, do not conform to
expectationsexpectations
– High practicalHigh practicalDo not relate well to demands of schoolDo not relate well to demands of schoolOften successful as adultsOften successful as adults
6-11 Years-of-Age6-11 Years-of-Age
6-11 Years-of-Age6-11 Years-of-Age
Types of Intelligence: Types of Intelligence: Howard GardnerGardner
Culture-fair tests Culture-fair tests – Intended to be free of cultural biasIntended to be free of cultural bias
2 types devised 2 types devised – 1. Items familiar to children from all 1. Items familiar to children from all
socioeconomic & ethnic socioeconomic & ethnic backgroundsbackgroundsOr Or
– Items that are familiar to the Items that are familiar to the children children
– 2. No verbal questions 2. No verbal questions
6-11 Years-of-Age6-11 Years-of-Age
Using Intelligence TestsUsing Intelligence Tests Psychological tests are tools Psychological tests are tools Avoid using information in negative waysAvoid using information in negative ways
– Avoid stereotyping & expectations Avoid stereotyping & expectations – IQ NOT sole indicator of competence IQ NOT sole indicator of competence – Use caution in interpreting an overall IQUse caution in interpreting an overall IQ