Cells and Heredity • “Looking Inside of Cells”
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- 1. Cells and Heredity
- Looking Inside of Cells
- 2.
- PASS Strand: Structure and Function in Living Systems
- Objectives:
- Specialized structures perform specific functions at all levels of complexity (e.g., leaves on trees and wings on birds).
- 3. Organelles
- objects inside a cell, which carry out specific functions within the cell.
- 4. Cell Wall
- a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms
- Make of touch, yet flexible material called cellulose
- Helps to protect and support the cell
- Water and oxygen can pass through the cell wall
- Ex. Screen on a window
- 5. Cell Membrane
- Located just inside the cell wall in plants .
- 6. Nucleus
- Acts as the brain of the cell. It directs all the cells activities.
- 7. Organelles in the Cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm
- area between the cell membrane and nucleus.
- Gel-like fluid in which many organelles are found.
- 8. Mitochondria
- Rod shaped structures
- The powerhouse of the cell
- Produce most of the energy the cell needs to carry out its functions.
- 9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Maze of passageways
- Carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.
- 10. Ribosomes
- Grain-like bodies attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum
- Also found floating in the cytoplasm.
- Factories to produce proteins.
- 11. Golgi Bodies
- Flattened collection of sacs and tubes
- Cells mail room
- Receive proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and send them off to other parts of the cell.
- 12. Chloroplasts
- Large green structures floating in cytoplasm.
- Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.
- Give plants green color.
- 13. Vacuoles
- Large, round, water-filled sac floating in the cytoplasm.
- Storage area of the cell.
- Plant cells (mostly) have 1 large vacuole.
- Animal cells may or may not have one.
- 14. Lysosomes
- Small round structures that contain chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.
- Recycle old cell parts so they can be used again.
- 15. Bacterial Cells
- Smaller than plant or animal cells
- Has a cell wall and cell membrane
- Has no nucleus
- Genetic material (looks like waded string) is found in cytoplasm
- Contain ribosomes, but no other organelles
- 16. Bacterial cells
- 17.
- 18. Specialized Cells
- Cells are suited to the functions they carry out.
- Ex. Blood cells look different than nerve cells and have different jobs.
- 19.
- 20. Lets review the differences between plant and animal cells
- 21. Cell No 5 Song
- (and theres an easy way to remember it!)
- 22. TEXTBOOK: Human Biology and Health How the Body is Organized
- 23.
- PASS Strand: Structure and Function in Living Systems
- Objectives:
- Living systems are organized by levels of complexity , i.e. cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems, organisms, and ecosystems.)
- 24.
- The levels of organization in the human body consist of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
- Organ systems together make organisms. Organisms create ecosystems.
- 25. C E L L S
- LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- Cells- -basic unit of structure and function in a living thing.
- Unicellularorganism which only has one cell
- Multicellularcomplex organism made up of several cells
- 26. Tissues
- a group of similar cells that perform the same function. Perform a specific job .
- 27.
- 28. Tissues
- a. Muscle tissuecells can contract or shorten
- b. Nerve tissuecarries messages between brain and body
- c. Connective tissueSupport for body, connects all parts of body
- d. Epithelial tissueCovers the surfaces of your body, inside and out
- 29. Organs
- a structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue . Performs a specific job.
- 30. Organs
- Heart is an organ. Function: pumps blood through your body. Is made up pf 4 kinds of tissue. Each helps with the overall job.
- Kidneys -- two bean -shaped organs. Helps keep water volume in body constant. Helps remove wastes from body and helps regulate blood pressure
- Skin largest organ . Covers and protects body.
- 31. Organ System
- a group of organs that work together to perform a major function
- 32.
- Circulatory carries materials to body cells, carries wastes away from body cells helps fight disease .
- 33. Organ System
- Digestive takes food into the body, breaks food down , and absorbs the digestive materials
- 34. Organ System
- Immune
- Fights
- disease
- 35. Organ System
- Muscular Enables the body to move, moves food through the digestive system, keeps the heart beating
- 36. Organ System
- Nervous detects and interprets information from the environment outside the body and from within the body, controls most body functions
- 37. Organ System
- Respiratory Takes oxygen into the body and eliminates carbon dioxide
- 38. Organ System
- Skeletal Supports the body, protects it, and works with muscles to allow movement, makes blood cells and stores some materials
- 39.
- Examples: LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
- 1. Bone cell responsible for bone growth and repair.
- 2. Bone tissue consists of living cells that are separated from one another by a hard non-living material that gives bones their strength.
- 3. Bone organ Ex. Thigh bone or femur consists of different kinds of tissues. (also contains blood and nerve tissue)
- 4. Organ system Skeletal system. Made up of over 200 bones. Includes cartilage and ligaments.
- 40.
- 41. Organism
- Organ systems come together to produce a living creature . An individual form of life, such as a plant, animal, bacterium, protist, or fungus;
- 42. Ecosystem
- A community of plants, ___________, and microorganisms that are linked by energy and nutrient flows and that interact with each other and with the physical environment.
- 43. Interdependence
- depending on other things to get a job done. Working together.
- 44. Osmosis
- 45. Diffusion
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