Life on the Home Front. Industry Industry had to change in order to prepare for war Factories stopped their normal production and made supplies for war.

Life on the Home Front

Industry

• Industry had to change in order to prepare for war

• Factories stopped their normal production and made supplies for war– Tanks instead of cars– Chart on p. 614-615– Ford produced nearly 1/3 of all military supplies

Minorities in the Workplace • Women

• Single, young, traditional jobs– Rosie the Riveter• Four Vagabonds• Campaign to hire women

– Joined the military• Women’s Army Auxiliary corps

• African- Americans– Army still segregated• Fought for a “Double V”• Tuskegee Airmen

– Fair Employment Practices Commission

Daily Life in Wartime America• Wage and Price Control – OES regulated farm prices– OPA regulated all other prices

• Kept inflation under control• Rationing– Limiting availability – Coupon books (blue points & red points)

• Victory Gardens– Produce more food for the war

• Scrap Drives– Pots, pans, tires, bacon grease

• E bonds– 300 billion spent/Raised taxes – $18.75 ten years later $25.00

A Nation on the Move• 15 million Americans moved – Southern California and Deep South• Sunbelt

– Housing crisis – Racism • Belle Isle

• Zoot Suit Riots– Baggy, pleated pants, wide brimmed hat, long key

chain– Appeared “unpatriotic” – Southern California/Mexican American teenagers – LA banned the suit

Japanese American Relocation • Hostility after Pearl Harbor– Spies– Racist paranoia – February 19, 1942 Executive Order 9066• Allowed the War Dept. to declare any part of the U.S. a

military zone and remove anybody they wanted

• 120, 000 Japanese Rounded up – 77, 000 WERE American citizens– 10 major camps in 9 states– Poor living conditions• Rationed food, communal facilities, cheap housing, constantly

guarded

Amache (Granada), CO Opened: August 24, 1942.Closed: October 15, 1945.Peak population: 7,318.Gila River, AZOpened July 20, 1942. Closed November 10, 1945.Peak Population 13,348.

Heart Mountain, WYOpened August 12, 1942.Closed November 10, 1945.Peak population 10,767.

Jerome, AR - Opened October 6, 1942. Closed June 30, 1944. Peak population 8,497

Manzanar, CA - Opened March 21, 1942. Closed November 21, 1945. Peak population 10,046.

Minidoka, ID - Opened August 10, 1942. Closed October 28, 1945. Peak population 9,397

Poston, AZ - Opened May 8, 1942. Closed November 28, 1945. Peak population 17,814

Rohwer, AR - Opened September 18, 1942. Closed November 30, 1945. Peak population 8,475

Topaz, UT - Opened September 11, 1942. Closed October 31, 1945. Peak population 8,130

Tule Lake, CA - Opened May 27, 1942. Closed March 20, 1946. Peak population 18,789

Legality??

• 2 days to evacuate• Loyalty questioned– Whether they would be willing to be drafted to fight

in the war or volunteer as a nurse– Whether they would swear to obey all laws of the

U.S. and not interfere with the war effort • Korematsu v. United States (1944)

“…not based on race, but on military urgency.”– Overturned in early 80s

• Japanese American Citizens League– Regan apologized, $20,000 to survivors

Assignment• Create a political cartoon about a topic from this

section. Choose from the changing workplace, racial tensions, or daily life.

• Your point MUST be made clear.• Write a brief description on the back explaining

your cartoon.• Color it!• Worth 15 points/ Due tomorrow