Life in the American Colonies by 1760 Colonies established self-government system. Oldest of which was Virginia’s House of Burgesses In most colonies,

Life in the American Colonies by 1760

Life in the American Colonies by 1760

Life in the American Colonies by 1760

Colonies established self-government system.Oldest of which was Virginia’s House of Burgesses

In most colonies, women could participate in economy but few could own property – non could vote

If you could not afford to come to the colonies, you could have your passage paid and agree to serve 4-7 years as an indentured servant. Early in colonial settlement, many servants did not live long enough to fulfill their contracts. By 1760, their chances had improved.

Southern colonies developed “slave codes” to control their growing slave populations.

The French Neighbors

• The growing population in the British colonies made the French nervous.

• They needed to protect their lucrative fur trade.

Global Tension

• The French and the British were not just competing in North America. – Africa– India– Europe (Germany)– and North America

Plus – The French had allied with the Spanish

North America in North America in 17501750

North America in North America in 17501750

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin representatives representatives fromfromNew England, New York, Maryland, New England, New York, Maryland, Pennsylvania & Iroquois nations Pennsylvania & Iroquois nations met to try to create an met to try to create an organization similar to the Iroquois organization similar to the Iroquois LeagueLeague

Albany CongressAlbany Congress failed. failed.

Iroquois broke off relations with Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with Britain & threatened to trade with the French.the French.

1754 1754 Albany Plan of Albany Plan of UnionUnion

1754 1754 Albany Plan of Albany Plan of UnionUnion

While delegates were While delegates were meeting in Albany…meeting in Albany…

While delegates were While delegates were meeting in Albany…meeting in Albany…

BritishBritish FrenchFrench

Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

Gen. Edward BraddockGen. Edward Braddock

Sent to evict the French from the Sent to evict the French from the Ohio Valley & Canada (Newfoundland Ohio Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)& Nova Scotia)

But…But…

1755 1755 British British Decide to Eliminate Decide to Eliminate French Presence in French Presence in

N. AmericaN. America

1755 1755 British British Decide to Eliminate Decide to Eliminate French Presence in French Presence in

N. AmericaN. America

The French and Indians attacked from the trees - destroyed the British

The French and Indians attacked from the trees - destroyed the British

Braddock was Braddock was killed 10 miles killed 10 miles from Ft. from Ft. Duquesne Duquesne by 1500 by 1500 French and French and Indian forces.Indian forces.

Native American tribes Native American tribes exploited by both sides! exploited by both sides!

Lord Lord LoudouinLoudouin

Marquis Marquis de Montcalmde Montcalm

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

ColonialsColonials

He understood colonial concerns.He understood colonial concerns.

He offered them a compromise:He offered them a compromise:

-- Colonial loyalty & military Colonial loyalty & military cooperationcooperation

-->Britain would reimburse colonial -->Britain would reimburse colonial assemblies for their costs.assemblies for their costs.

-- Lord Loudouin would be Lord Loudouin would be removed.removed.RESULTS?RESULTS? Colonial morale Colonial morale increased by 1758. increased by 1758.

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

1757 1757 William Pitt William Pitt Becomes Foreign Becomes Foreign

MinisterMinister

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide The Tide Turns for EnglandTurns for England

France --> France --> lost her Canadian lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi to lands east of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

North America in North America in 17631763

North America in North America in 17631763

How does it compare?How does it compare?

1750

1763

1.1. It increased her colonial empire It increased her colonial empire in in the Americas. the Americas.

2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s It greatly enlarged England’s debt.debt.

3.3. Britain’s contempt for the Britain’s contempt for the colonials colonials created bitter feelings. created bitter feelings.

Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her major reorganization of her

American EmpireAmerican Empire was necessary! was necessary!

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the first common enemy for the first time. time.

2.2. It created a socializing It created a socializing experience for all the experience for all the colonials who participated. colonials who participated.

3.3. It created bitter feelings It created bitter feelings

towards the British that towards the British that would only intensify. would only intensify.

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials

Effects of the War on Effects of the War on the American the American

ColonialsColonials