Lid Intro Nw

Low Impact Development Introduction

Moving towards Technology Based Landscapes, Streetscapes, and Infrastructure

Low Impact DevelopmentGreen InfrastructureGreen Highways Partnership

Low Impact Development (LID) Hydrology based distributed site design

approach Reflects landscape and ecosystem

function Uniform or decentralized Replicate function instead of mitigation Multi-functional landscapes and

infrastructure Multiple regulatory and resource

objectives

CHAPTER 26 CFR - WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

SUBCHAPTER I - RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS

§ 1251. Congressional declaration of goals and policy. (a) Restoration and maintenance of chemical, physical and biological integrity of Nation's waters; national goals for achievement of objective.

• Ecosystems Based

• Technology-forcing

• Comprehensive Research

• Total Maximum Daily Load

Origins Initiated by Prince George’s

County in mid 1990’s LID Center formed 1998 EPA LID Manual 2000 DOD LID Manual 2004

Subsequent PWTB NCHRP Research 2006 Federal State and Local Programs

Regulatory and Go Green!!

Get Ready!

LID techniques will be the foundation of EPA Green Infrastructure Strategy

Federal Energy Legislation (438) Highway Reauthorization Everything is going green!

Defining LID Technology Conservation (Watershed and Site Level ) Minimization (Site Level) Strategic Timing (Watershed and Site Level) Integrated Management Practices (Site Level)

Retain / Detain / Filter / Recharge / Use Pollution Prevention

1. Conservation Plans / Regulations Local Watershed and Conservation PlansLocal Watershed and Conservation Plans

Forest (Contiguous and Interior Habitat)Forest (Contiguous and Interior Habitat) Streams (Corridors)Streams (Corridors) WetlandsWetlands Habitats Habitats Step Slopes Step Slopes BuffersBuffers Critical AreasCritical Areas ParksParks Scenic AreasScenic Areas Trails Trails ShorelinesShorelines Difficult SoilsDifficult Soils Ag LandsAg Lands MineralsMinerals

Large to Small Scale!

2. Minimize Impacts

Minimize clearing Minimize clearing Minimize gradingMinimize grading Save A and B soils Save A and B soils Limit lot disturbance Limit lot disturbance * Soil Amendments * Soil Amendments Alternative SurfacesAlternative Surfaces Reforestation Reforestation Disconnect Disconnect Reduce pipes, curb and guttersReduce pipes, curb and gutters Reduce impervious surfacesReduce impervious surfaces

Low Impact DesignLow Impact Design

DecentralizedDecentralizedControlsControls

RoofsRoofsParking LotsParking LotsOpen DrainageOpen DrainageRain BarrelsRain BarrelsOpen SpaceOpen SpaceTurfTurfEducationalEducationalcomponentscomponents

Multifunctional UseMultifunctional Useof Landscape andof Landscape andInfrastructureInfrastructure

3. Maintain Time of Concentration

Open DrainageOpen Drainage Use green spaceUse green space Flatten slopes Flatten slopes Disperse drainage Disperse drainage Lengthen flow paths Lengthen flow paths Save headwater areasSave headwater areas Vegetative swales Vegetative swales Maintain natural flow paths Maintain natural flow paths Increase distance from streams Increase distance from streams Maximize sheet flowMaximize sheet flow

4. Storage, Detention & Filtration “LID IMP’s”

Uniform Distribution at the SourceUniform Distribution at the Source Open drainage swalesOpen drainage swales Rain Gardens / BioretentionRain Gardens / Bioretention Smaller pipes and culvertsSmaller pipes and culverts Small inlets Small inlets Depression storageDepression storage Infiltration Infiltration Rooftop storageRooftop storage Pipe storagePipe storage Street storageStreet storage Rain Water UseRain Water Use Soil Management** Soil Management**

5. Pollution Prevention

MaintenanceMaintenance Proper use, handling and disposalProper use, handling and disposal

IndividualsIndividuals Lawn / car / hazardous wastes / reporting / recyclingLawn / car / hazardous wastes / reporting / recycling

IndustryIndustry Good house keeping / proper disposal / reuse / spillsGood house keeping / proper disposal / reuse / spills

BusinessBusiness Alternative products / Product liabilityAlternative products / Product liability

30 - 40% Reduction in N&P30 - 40% Reduction in N&P

Kettering Demonstration ProjectKettering Demonstration Project

Where is all this going

Hydromod Watershed Based Approaches Drivers and Implementation

Green Infrastructure

Use of community public and private open space for integrated network of stormwater facilities. Non-structural and structural

Proliferate micro-scale techniques in an effective manner throughout the watershed

Green Highways Partnership The Green Highways Partnership

(GHP) is a voluntary, public/private initiative  integrated planning: watershed! regulatory flexibility market-based rewards “Better than Before”

Imperviousness & Threshold Theories

It’s not so simple - very complex!It’s not so simple - very complex!

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Watershed Urbanization (%TIA)

B-I

BI S

core

B-IBI w/BMPs B-IBI w/o BMPs

Figure 2: Showing the lack of mitigating influence of structural BMPs on biologic conditions in Puget Sound lowland streams (Horner and May, 2000). Note, “w/BMPs” refers to structural facilities only. [Honer / May 2001]

A few Issues!

How we see the world (without the meds)

Political and Economic Drivers Institutional (Been there done that) Technology and Materials

How well do we maintain the ecological integrity How well do we maintain the ecological integrity (functions) of aquatic systems (small streams)?(functions) of aquatic systems (small streams)?

Chemical

Variables

Flow

Regime

Habitat

Structure

EnergyEnergy

SourcesSources

Biotic Biotic

FactorsFactors

Nutrients Temperature

D.O. pH

Turbidity Organics

Toxics

Disease Disease Reproduction Reproduction

Feeding Feeding Predation Predation

CompetitionCompetition

Sunlight Nutrients Seasonal Cycles Organic Matter

1&2 Production

Canopy Siltation Gradient Substrate Current Instream Cover Sinuosity

Width/Depth Channel Morphology

Soils Stability Riparian Vegetation

Velocity Frequency

Runoff Evaporation

Ground Water Flow Duration Rain Intensity

Scale / Spatial / Temporal / Species

Ecosystem Integrity

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Capacity Capacity

Amenity

Traditional Urban Drainage

Sustainable Urban Drainage

Stahre, 2006

Water Quality

The Good Old Days!

Courtesy E. Takata

Courtesy E. Takata

Conventional Ultra-Urban RetrofitConventional Ultra-Urban Retrofit •SpaceSpace•CostCost•InefficiencyInefficiency•PollutionPollution•MaintenanceMaintenance•SafetySafety

Creating Blackholes of InfrastructureStormwater

Competes With Other Programs

Stormwater regulations in a highly impervious world

Why do we need LID Now?

•Precision

•Scale

•Technology

MUSICMonash U

Stormwater

Wastewater

Drinking WaterDecentralized Controls are Holistic and

Watershed Based

N2

SANDY SOIL MEDIUM

MULCH

RAINFALL

RUNOFFRUNOFF

NO3

AIR NH3

PARTICULATES

DRAIN

INFILTRATION

NH4

METALS,NUTRIENTS

BIOLOGICAL FIXATION

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

DE

NIT

RIF

ICA

TIO

N

AD

SO

RP

TIO

N

VOLITILIZATION

PLANT MATERIALS

NO2

AMMONIFICATION

NITROGEN CYCLE FOR BIORETENTIONNITROGEN CYCLE FOR BIORETENTION

RECHARGE

DENITRIFICATION

NITROGEN FIXATION

PICP Open-graded base

s

(optional)

SMO

G

HE

AT

/

LIG

HT

RA

INF

ALL

ET

dog

Green Strategies

Bioretention

Permeable Walks

Reforestation

Soil Amendments

using lid to reduce inflow to combined sewer systems

Washington, DC

Award winning Barracks Row

2nd Avenue SEA Street. Photo courtesy of Seattle Public Utilities.

Green Factor Rating Systems

Seattle, WA

Context Sensitive Solutions

Industry Recognized Standards

Builder/Developer/Institution

Land Use Economic and Design Requirements

Local Community Codes/Ordinances and Watershed Requirements

Localized Sustainable Development

LID Fits with all current rating systems! Its good business!