Libro Gramática (Alma)

Libro GramáticaAlma Wendt

Table of Contents1. Present Tense2. Ser y Estar3. Gustar and Verbs like Gustar4. Nouns/Articles/Adj (pp 378-380)5. Past Tense6. Imperfect Tense7. Subjunctive in Noun Clauses8. Subjunctive in Adverb Clauses9. Commands10. Object Pronouns11. Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns (pp 386)12. Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns (pp 388)13. Reflexives14. Por y Para15. To Become: hacerse, ponerse, volverse, and llegar a ser (pp 390)

El Presente

-AR

-ER

-IR

o amosas áisa an

o imoses íse en

o emoses eíse en

Ser y Estar Both mean to be

estoy estamosestás estáisest estaná

SER

ESTAR

soy somoseres soises son

- SER

- ESTAR

Nouns/ Articles/ Adjectives

Verbos como Gustar

Preceded by an indirect object pronoun (indicating person who is pleased); agrees in person and number with thing or person that it pleases

When followed by infinitive, the singular form (gustar) is always used

Often used in conditional (gustaria) to soften request

éasteó

-Ar

amosasteisaron

íisteió

imosisteisieron

-Er and -Ir

El Preterito-Car

-Gar

-Zar

IRREGULAR

•Tener- tuv•Estar- estuv•Poner- pus•Poder- pud•Ander- anduv•Saber- sup

•Hacer- hic•Venir- vin•Caber-cup•Haber- hub•Querer- Quis•Decir- Dij

•Gar: change g to gu•Car: change c to qu•Zar: change z to c

e imos isteo ieron

Ir and Ser

fuifuistefue

fuimos

fueron

Ver

vimos

vieron

vivistevio

Dar

didistedio

dimos

dieron

•Complete Actions•Definite beginning and ending

El Imperfecto

-AR -ER and -IR

aba ábamosabas abaisaba aban

ía íamosías íaisía ían

•Actions that are not yet completed

•No definite beginning or end

•Background information/ setting up a scene•Time or appearance

•Doing and action before interruption

Subjunctive in Noun Clauses

Ar: e,es,e,emos,enEr/Ir: a,as,a,amos,an

Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses

Commands (Mandatos)

Object Pronouns

Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

Posesive Pronouns have the same forms as stressed possessive adjectives and are prededed by a definite article.

No encuentro mi libro. ? Me presentas el tuyo?

Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns are identical to demonstrative adjectives, except that they carry an accent mark on the stressed vowel.

No, no quiero éste. Quiero ése.

There are three neuter demonstrative pronouns: esto, eso, and aquello

Reflexives

Example: Me lavo, Te lavas, Se lava, Nos lavamos, Os laváis, Se lavan

Por and Para

POR

PARA

• Destination (toward, in the direction of)•Deadline or a specific time in the future•Purpose or goal + [infinitive]•Purpose + [noun]•Recipient•Comparison with others or opinions•Employment

•Motion or a general location•Duration of an action•Reason or motive for an action•Object of a search•Means by which•Exchange or substitution•Unit of Measure•Agent (passive)

Por allí / Por aquíPor ejemplo

Por esoPon fin

Por lo generalPor los menosPor lo tontoPor lo visto

No estar para bromas, no ser para tanto, para colmo

Para que sepas, para siempre

To Become