Library in The Perspective of Al-Quran

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Library in The Perspective of Al-Quran Library in The Perspective of Al-Quran

Dwi Ratna Kartikawati Universitas Krisnadwipayana, Indonesia

Aam Slamet Rusydiana SMART Indonesia, [email protected]

Mohamad Andri Ibrahim Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia

Abdillah Arif Nasution Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Sudana Sudana Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Persatuan Islam Bandung, Indonesia

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Kartikawati, Dwi Ratna; Rusydiana, Aam Slamet; Ibrahim, Mohamad Andri; Nasution, Abdillah Arif; and Sudana, Sudana, "Library in The Perspective of Al-Quran" (2021). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 6542. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6542

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Library in The Perspective of Al-Quran

Dwi Ratna Kartikawati1, Aam Slamet Rusydiana2, Mohamad Andri Ibrahim3, Abdillah Arif Nasution4,

Sudana5

1Universitas Krisnadwipayana, Indonesia 2Sharia Economics Applied Research and Training (SMART) Indonesia

3Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia 4Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

5Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Persatuan Islam Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract

The Qur'an views the Library as an essential means to be able to change a nation that initially did not

understand anything into a country that is knowledgeable and has a high civilization. This is evidenced

by the mention of the roles of libraries in the Qur'an, which at least consists of several concepts, the

concept of reading, the concept of writing, the idea of science, the concept of education, the concept of

worship, the concept of communication and information. The command to read means that Allah SWT

wants reading facilities so that the teaching of reading becomes a reality that can increase one's

knowledge. One of the facilities that can be used for reading activities in the Library. Thus, establishing a

library as a means of reading and learning is a development of an effort to create a reading culture as

commanded by Allah SWT. This study aims to determine the development map and trend of the Library

based on the Quran published by well-known journals in the field of Library science. The data analyzed

were more than 126 Scopus indexed research publications. The export data is then processed and analyzed

using the R Biblioshiny application program to determine the text analysis of the development of the

Library based on the Quran. Historically, the majority of libraries in Islam are waqf-based. Libraries in

the view of the Quran include studies of reading interest, information functions, educational functions,

preservation functions. Library-related studies are found in several verses of the Quran.

Keywords: Library, Al-Quran, Text mining

Library in the Perspective of Quran

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal); ISSN 1522-0222 |2

INTRODUCTION

History states that libraries in the past and present also have a great function and role in

building Islamic civilization and glory many information and knowledge produced by Muslim

scholars whose works have been stored in libraries for centuries. Most libraries widely adopted

even the functions and roles of libraries in the heyday of Islam in developed countries such as

Britain and America. This shows that the role of libraries in the early days of Islam was vital in

the development and advancement of society.

The Qur'an views the library as an essential means to be able to change a nation that initially

did not understand anything into a country that is knowledgeable and has a high civilization.

This is evidenced by the mention of the roles of libraries in the Qur'an, which at least consists of

several concepts, the concept of reading, the concept of writing, the idea of science, the concept

of education, the concept of worship, the concept of communication and information. In this

regard, the Qur'an does not directly and talk about the idea of librarianship because it is not a

book of library science.

Likewise, Muhammad SAW was sent by Allah SWT, not as a 'librarian' who has competence in

library science or works in libraries. Muhammad SAW is a prophet in which there is a role

model for all humanity. However, if you look closely, you will find verses from the Qur'an and

the hadiths of the Prophet that give hints about the principles of librarianship. One of the most

important verses of the Qur'an that are closely related to the direction of librarianship is the

verses in Surah al-'Alaq, which are the first revelations.

The first revelation that the Prophet Muhammad received was the first five verses of Surah al-

'Alaq. Research on the universe cannot be separated from reading and studying written texts,

both in printed media such as books, journals, papers or papers, and research reports and non-

printed cassettes, video cassettes CD-ROMs, and films. A scientific research activity must be

based on an existing literature review, and therefore reading or reviewing written literature is

an important part.

Within the framework of library science, the command to read as shown in the letter al-'Alaq is

not only seen in the aspect of conformity with the function of the library as a means of learning

which is indicated by the existence of reading and understanding activities of information

sources or literature that become library collections to increase knowledge. However, the

command to read can mean a suggestion to create or establish a means that allows reading

activities.

The command to read contains the meaning that Allah SWT wants reading facilities so that the

teaching of reading becomes a reality which in turn can increase one's knowledge. One of the

facilities that can be used for reading activities in the library. Thus, establishing a library as a

means of reading, a learning mechanism, is a development effort to create a reading culture as

commanded by Allah SWT.



LITERATURE REVIEW

Quranic Verses Related to Libraries

Surah Al-Maidah verse 44

It means:

Indeed, We have sent down the Torah in it (there is) guidance and light (which illuminates), with which

the case of the Jews was decided by the prophets who surrendered to Allah, by their pious people and their

priests. , because they were commanded to keep the Books of Allah, and they were witnesses against them.

Therefore do not fear people, (but) fear Me. and do not exchange My verses for a small price. Whoever

does not judge according to what Allah has revealed, then they are the disbelievers.

Meaning (library):

In this letter, there is a meaning that maintaining library collections is the same as preserving

the books of Allah, as explained by Allah's Books even though they are guarded and books in

the library because both are priceless beings. Books are windows to the world, so we need to

protect them.

Surah An-Nisa verse 113

It means:

Were it not for the grace of Allah and His mercy upon you, surely a group of them would be eager to

mislead you. But they do not mislead but themselves, and they cannot harm you in the least. And (also

because) Allah has sent down the Book and wisdom to you and has taught you what you did not know.

And it is a very great gift of Allah upon you.

Meaning (library):

When we relate it to the library, it can be interpreted that the library provides the information

needs of users because the library provides a collection that contains reference materials,



provides teaching and knowledge, and a place for learning sources of life. As explained in the

verse of the Qur'an that knowledgeable people will get protection from Allah and gifts for their

servants. Without knowledge, we will be left far behind by other people.

Surah Al-Alaq verse 1-5

It means:

"Read by (mentioning) the name of your Lord who created. He has created man from a clot of blood. Read

and your Lord is Most Gracious. The one who teaches (humans) through the intermediary of kalam. He

teaches man what is not known."

Meaning (library):

In the first verse, Allah ordered the Prophet to read in the name of God who created. Thus in a

broader sense, the first verse is an order to seek knowledge. In the third verse, Allah ordered the

Prophet to return to reading because reading cannot be attached to a person except by repeating

and getting used to it.

In the fourth verse, Allah explains that with the gift and through the intercession of kalam, there

is a teaching and learning process between humans, relationships, and communication between

humans so that one's knowledge can be transferred to others. In the fifth verse, Allah adds

information about the abundance of His infinite gifts to humans, that Allah made His Prophet

good at reading. From the five verses of the Qur'an, which were first revealed to the Prophet

Muhammad, a precious lesson can be drawn that reading is the first commandment called the

Qur'an.



RESEARCH METHODS

Figure 1: Flow diagram of the search strategy

Source: Zakaria et al. (2020), modified

The review process was carried out on October 22, 2021. Figure 1 illustrates the three steps in

identifying research documents, namely eligibility, screening, and inclusion, involved in the

systematic review process. The keywords that will be used in this study try to answer the

research questions above. Some general statistics from the data set are presented to overview

research related to good governance. All articles that fulfil the search query are evaluated from

the aspect of text analysis.

Then the research documents were analyzed using the bibioshiny software, a free software

supported by the R environment ((CRAN, The Comprehensive R Archive Network,

https://cran.r-project.org/) which provides a set of tools for quantitative research in

Database: Scopus

Search Field: Article title, Abstract, Keywords

Time Frame: All

Language: English

Source Type: All Type

Document Type: All type

TITLE- ABS- KEY (library quran) AND (LIMIT-TO

(SUBJAREA,"BUSI" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA,"ECON" ) )

Keywords & Search

String

n = 126 Record Identified &

Screened

Library (Based on) Quran

Scre

en

ing

Incl

ud

ed

To

pic

, Sco

pe

& E

ligab

ility

Topic

Scope & Coverage

Text analytic

n = 0 Record Removed

n = 126

22 Oktober 2021 Date Extracted



bibliometrics and scientometrics (Aria & Cucurrolo, 2017). In the bibliometric literature, the

most excellent attention is on the construction of bibliometric maps. Research is concerned with

the effect of differences on the similarity of measures (Ahlgren et al., 2003), and they are tested

with different mapping techniques (Boyack et al., 2005). Next, a text analysis will be carried out

on the results of bibliometric mapping related to "word".

An example of bibliometric research using the R tool, for example, was carried out by Marlina et

al. (2021), Srisusilawati et al. (2021), Antonio et al. (2020) and Taqi et al. (2021). Besides R, there

are also other tools for bibliometric analysis such as VoSviewer. Some research that uses this

tool includes As-Salafiyah et al. (2021), Laila et al. (2021), and Rusydiana et al. (2021).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Source

The following is a table of document types used in the study with keywords Library based on

Quran. The number of documents analyzed was 126 documents which were divided into four

types of documents, including journal articles (97 documents), anthology/book chapters (4

documents), conference papers (11 documents), and review (14 documents).

Table 1: Type of Documents

No Type of Documents Total Article Percentage

1 Journal Article 97 76.98%

2 Book Chapter 4 3.18%

3 Conference Paper 11 8.73%

4 Review 14 11.11%

Total 126

The following is a table of document types used in the study with keywords Library based on

Quran. The number of documents analyzed was 126 documents which were divided into four

types of documents, including journal articles (97 documents), anthology/book chapters (4

documents), conference paper (11 documents), and review (14 documents).

Analysis Text

Text analysis was carried out using R-studio and bibliophily software developed by Massimo

Aria and Corrado Cuccurullo from the University of Naples and Luigi Vanvitelli from the

University of Campania (Italy). Text analysis is done by analyzing more deeply in searches

related to words that often appear in the theme of Library based on the Quran. This is intended

to add references that the government can make in tackling economic problems based on

existing studies worldwide.



This section will present a visual mapping chart of 126 documents related to the Library based

on the Quran to explore the meta-analysis results. The results of the keyword mapping analysis

become the basis for mapping together important or unique terms contained in certain

documents. Mapping is a process that allows one to recognize elements of knowledge and their

configuration, dynamics, interdependencies, and interactions.

Most Relevant Words

Figure 2: Most Relevant Words

The most relevant word analysis was carried out on keywords from each document, where

there were several words with several occurrences between 0 to 11 times. The image above

shows the 25 most relevant terms in the research collection related to the keyword "Library

based on Quran".

The top word with the highest number of occurrences and the most relevant to the keyword

Library based on the Quran is Islam, with the highest number of circumstances of 11 times. The

second most relevant word related to the Library based on the Quran theme is Quran with eight

occurrences. Furthermore, the third most appropriate word is related to the music of Library

based on the Quran with six events of the word, namely the word Ethics.



The study entitled The concept of liability and the provision of compensation in road accidents

according to Islamic law (Khair SKM, Dahlan NHM, Wahab H., 2019) explains the aspect of

liability, and the provision of compensation is the leading case in discussing the issue of

customs errors in a cases road accident. This article aims to analyze the concept of liability in

road accidents according to Islamic law by focusing on the mistake of exclusion by using a

qualitative approach. Dhaman or compensation fines in this study will emphasize specific

principles and methods to aspects of road violations in Islamic law. Library studies are used for

liability in violations based on Al-Quran, Sunnah, ijma' and qiyas. Then he relates the use of this

concept to the error of causing a breach in road accidents. The study results show that the

principle of 'cause' in Islamic law is evident in its use and relevance in determining liability,

whether the violation case occurs on land, sea or in air space. The concept of liability is also

used to determine the liability for excise duty and the provision of compensation by the parties

involved in building the structure of roads, bridges, tunnels and others. This concept also

relates to the highway if the responsibility is not on the innocent and unsuitable guide.

Word Cloud

Furthermore, the relevant words in the research related to the Library based on the Quran

theme will be displayed on the document title in the form of a word cloud. The word cloud

describes the terms that often appear in the collection of data papers researched with keywords

from the title with the theme "Library based on Quran". The word cloud displays an image of

the phrase shown with various sizes according to the number of words that appear. In terms of

placement, word clouds tend to be random, but the dominant words are placed in the middle so

that they are more visible with a relatively larger size. In this study, the word cloud results were

obtained based on an analysis of the document title.

Figure 3: Word Cloud



Based on the image analysis of the document title, it was found that the most dominant words

were related to Library based on Quran, namely Islamic, Quran, Library, Islam. Most of the

current research on Library based on the Quran deals with "Library". This is because the Library

plays a vital role as a medium and a means of driving the dissemination of knowledge to the

public. Research conducted on Library based on Quran, among others, relates to A prophet has

appeared: The rise of Islam through Christian and Jewish eyes, a sourcebook (Shoemaker SJ,

2021), MaqĀm maḤmŪd polemic and the denunciation of anthropomorphism in Sunni Islam

(Noor UM, 2021) and Qur'anicQur'anic Readings and Malay Translations in 18th-Century

Banten Qur'ansQur'ans A.51 and W.277 (Nurtawab E., 2020).

WordTree Map

Furthermore, the relevant words in research related to the theme of Library based on the Quran

will be displayed in the abstract document in a word treemap. Word TreeMap shows words

that often appear in boxes similar to regions or regions on a map, where the more words that

occur, the larger the square area.

Figure 4: Word Tree Map



Based on the image of the analysis of the document abstract, it was found that the most

dominant words for the research with the theme of Library based on Quran were Quran, Study,

Islamic, Research, Library. Most of the current research related to the music of Library based on

Quran is about "Quran".

Research conducted on the Library based on the Quran, entitled 'An Arabic qur'ān, that you

might understand' Qur'ān fragments in the TS Arabic Cairo genizah collection (Connolly MM,

Posegay N., 2020), which discusses Al fragments -The Arabic-written Qur'an from the Cairo

genizah collection has not attracted much interest among Arab scholars and genizah. This paper

aims to attract the attention of a wider audience by presenting the palaeographic features and

vocalization systems of eleven Arabic-written Quran fragments from the Taylor-Schechter

Arabic collection of the Cambridge University Library. At the same time, the focus of this paper

is the physical appearance of these Qur'anic leaves, their presence at the Cairo genizah.

Word Dynamic

Figure 5: Word Dynamic



Based on the image of the analysis of the document keywords, in the research with the theme

Library based on the Quran, the words that often appear are also described in a development

curve each year with an annual occurrence value. These results show the average quantity of

occurrences of these keywords in the data collection studied in research with the theme Library

based on the Quran every year. Figure 5 shows that most words that appear frequently and

began to develop in 2004 and continue to increase until 2021. From the picture above, it can be

concluded that the research with the most significant increase in occurrence is keywords related

to Islam and has very considerable potential to grow.

Trend Topics

Figure 6: Trend Topics



Based on the results of the analysis of the document titles in the research with the theme Library

based on the Quran, topic trends are also an essential part of this research. The picture above

shows an overview of the development of topics related to the Library based on the Quran from

time to time with the division per year, so it is known what issues have been used for a long

time and what topics have been used recently. The trend of this topic also considers the

frequency value of each word indicated by the log axis.

So, in addition to looking at annual trends, the emergence of topics is also adjusted to the

frequency of the number of words appearing in research themes related to the Library based on

the Quran. The higher indicates, the more the term is used, and the further to the right, the more

recently the word has been used. The development of the theme Library based on the Quran

began to experience a significant increase since 2011.

Based on the description of the data above, the newest and most widely used topics are related

to the theme of Library based on Quran, namely Quran, Manuscript, Learning, Arabic, Books,

Library. The word Quran was most used in 2015-2021. The journal entitled "A rediscovered

almoravid Qur'ān in the Bavarian state library, Munich", written by Bongianino U. (2020)

discusses this article examines and contextualizes a small Qur'anic manuscript, which was

copied in al-Andalus on 533/1138 -1139, whose importance has so far not been recognized.

Among its many exciting features are start date; its luxurious illumination; its colophon and the

information contained therein; the notation system and its textual division; the use of different



calligraphic styles, including Maghribī thuluth; and a series of didactic notes written at the

beginning and end of the codex. The appendix presents an updated list of extant Quran in the

Maghrib script dated before 600/1203-1204, which aims to encourage digitization, publication

and comparative study of this largely uncharted material. The scientific progress of book art,

the transmission of the Qur'an, and the consumption of Qur'anic manuscripts in the Islamic

West depended on the analysis of this and many other surviving codex and fragments related

to Cod. Arab. 4 of the Bavarian State Library and the context of its production.

Co-occurence Network

Figure 7: Co-occurence Network

The co-occurrence network displays words related to document keywords related to the Library

based on the Quran theme in the form of coloured clusters by considering the relationship

between one word and another. Some keywords that often appear in research with the theme

Library based on Quran are divided into 4 clusters, namely:

• Cluster 1 in red colour consists of keywords: Quran, Research, Islamic, Study, Data,

Interpretation, Learning, Paper, Method, Books, Human, Medical, Health, Holy,

Methods, Findings, Information, Law, Results, Religious, Purpose, Sources, Life, Hadith,

Based, Islam.



• Cluster 2 blue colour consists of keywords: Library, Reserved, Manuscript, University,

Scholars, Quranic, Studies, Manuscripts, Written, Edition, Text, Critical, Arabic,

Knowledge, Article, Book, Rights, World, Muslim, Process, Scholar.

Thematic Map

Figure 8: Thematic Map

In this study, a thematic map analysis that appears based on density and centrality will also be

analyzed based on the title of the document with the research theme Library based on the

Quran, which is divided into four quadrants. This result is obtained from a semi-automatic

algorithm by reviewing the titles of all references to the object of research.

The upper left quadrant is a highly developed and isolated theme. Quadrants show specific

themes and are rarely studied but have high development, which is indicated by high density

but low centrality. The articles in this quadrant are Arabic, Manuscript, Medicine. While the

lower left quadrant represents emerging or declining themes, this quadrant shows themes that

have been used for a long time but experience an increasing or decreasing trend with low

density and centrality. The articles in this quadrant are Model, FRBR, Knowledge. Seeing the

developments with the Library based on the Quran sub-theme in recent years, the trend of

words in this quadrant has increased.



While the upper right quadrant is a motor theme or a driving theme characterized by high

density and centrality, it needs to be developed and is essential to be studied in further

research. The articles that appear in this quadrant are Al-Quran, Dalam, Malaysia. Finally, the

lower right quadrant is the primary and transverse theme characterized by high centrality but

low density. These themes are essential to be included in the research because they are general

topics that are commonly used. The articles that appear in this quadrant are Islam, Study,

Learning, Quran, Library, Manuscripts, Islamic, Perspective, Analysis.

Thematic Evolution

Figure 9: Thematic Evolution

The theme used in the paper that is the object of research continues to change, especially from

documents that have been recently published when compared to records that have been posted

for a long time. The picture above shows the evolution that is analyzed based on themes with

research related to the Library based on the Quran, which consists of articles depicted as

rectangles with a larger size, the more widely used. Although the theme of this research is

Library based on Quran, the data obtained shows that several sub-themes are widely used.

The Thematic Evolution is divided into three parts. The left side shows several themes that were

widely used from 1924 to 2014; there are six themes listed with different sizes depending on the

quantity of use of the article. The music "Quran" ranks first, followed by the theme

"Perspective".



The second or middle section shows the most frequently used themes in the period between

2015-2018. There are six themes listed, where the two themes are an evolution of the themes that

emerged in the previous period, namely the "Islamic" theme, "Quran", which is an extension of

several themes shown by colourful plots.

The last or right section shows the most used themes from 2019-2021. There are seven themes,

of which there are three evolutionary themes from the previous period, namely "Islamic,

"Arabic", "Library", which is an extension of several pieces shown by colourful plots.

FINDINGS

Libraries are institutions that store and manage various information in any form to support the

needs of their users. The library has a critical role because it helps the teaching and learning

activities process and supports the function of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. Libraries

play an essential role in future progress; even an innovative country can be seen from its state

library where a library is a place of preservation of library materials that store the nation's

treasures that serve as a source of information on science and technology.

The library is also a source of knowledge, a source of information, and a source of lifelong

learning for all levels of society to encourage people to have sufficient knowledge. The library is

also one of the supports in increasing learning resources and a forum for various scientific

disciplines. Therefore, the library must continuously try to help people to love reading. Reading

is an intellectual culture and a vital activity. The command to read is the first revelation

contained in the letter al-Alaq.

Al-Qur'an, like a holy book and a way of life for Muslims, puts forward reading culture. This

shows that reading is a need that must be fulfilled; by reading, the brain is stimulated to think

creatively and systematically, as well as broaden horizons. Reading is the most valuable

commandment given to humankind because reading can lead humans to achieve perfect

humanity. Even Allah SWT. also promised to elevate the degree of those who are

knowledgeable in Q.S. Mujadalah 11, so it is not an exaggeration to say that reading is the main

requirement for civilization.

The command to read and write in Islamic teachings is closely related to the importance of

science for the life of a Muslim and the importance of preserving knowledge for the lives of

subsequent generations. In the Qur'an, many verses discuss library concepts such as the study

of reading interest, the function of information, the function of education, and the function of

preservation and the importance of learning science. Libraries are not mentioned directly in the

Qur'an, but the concepts of libraries are explained in the Qur'an.

Libraries in the view of the Quran include studies of reading interest, information functions,

educational functions, preservation functions. The study of reading interest is found in the

Qur'an in Q.S. Al-"Alaq 1-5, Q.S. Al-Ankabut: 45, Q.S. Al-Qiyamah:16-19, Q.S. Al-Muzammil: 4,



Q.S. An-Naml:92, Q.S. Al-A'laa: 6, while the preservation function is found in Q.S. Az-zumar:62,

Q.S. Al-Hijr:9. The information function is found in Q.S. Al-Qalam:1, Q.S. Ali Imran: 138, Q.S.

Al-Furqan: 6, Q.S. Al-Baqarah: 2, Q.S. Al-Isra‟:9, Q.S. al-Hujurat: 6, Q.S. al-Qamar: 53. Q.S.

educational function at-Taubah : 122, Q.S. al-Mujadaalah: 11, Q.S. Shad: 29.

CONCLUSIONS

This study tries to evaluate the topic of the Library based on the Quran using text analysis from

1924-2021. The conceptual structure of R 'biblioshiny' provides the network and the main

research themes. We have identified two research networks in the Library based on Quran

literature using a co-occurrence network. This research network is "Quran" and "Library".

Combining the two networks in this study will solve many environmental problems.

Furthermore, in conceptual structure, this research has spread thematic maps to place themes

and subthemes on the graph and divided them into four clusters (dropping or emerging

themes, primary articles, highly developed and isolated themes, motor themes). Arabic,

Manuscript, Medicine themes represent the highly developed and isolated themes quadrant.

Furthermore, the themes in the emerging or declining themes quadrant are Model, FRBR,

Knowledge. In the motor themes quadrant or the driving theme, the theme that appears is Al-

Quran, Malaysia. Finally, the primary and transverse themes are represented by the themes of

Islam, Study, Learning, Quran, Library, Manuscripts, Islamic, Perspective, Analysis.

The command to read and write in Islamic teachings is closely related to the importance of

science for the life of a Muslim and the importance of preserving knowledge for the lives of

subsequent generations. In the Qur'an, many verses discuss library concepts such as the study

of reading interest, the function of information, the function of education, and the function of

preservation and the importance of learning science.

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