Liberal view point about the state This theory become popular in 16 th century against the absolutism of the state, arbitrariness of feudals, and strict.

Liberal view point about Liberal view point about the statethe state

This theory become popular in 16This theory become popular in 16thth century against the absolutism of the century against the absolutism of the state, arbitrariness of feudals, and strict state, arbitrariness of feudals, and strict control of church over the life of the control of church over the life of the individuals and it stood as guardian of the individuals and it stood as guardian of the liberty of the individuals. The main liberty of the individuals. The main objective of this theory was to liberate the objective of this theory was to liberate the individuals from all type of control and to individuals from all type of control and to remove each obstacle which comes in the remove each obstacle which comes in the way of his progress.way of his progress.

Main ideas of the liberalists about Main ideas of the liberalists about the nature of the state the nature of the state

State is man made institutionState is man made institution Distinction between state and societyDistinction between state and society State is a necessary evilState is a necessary evil State is an association like other associationsState is an association like other associations State is not an end but a meansState is not an end but a means Limited sphere of state activityLimited sphere of state activity State is the protector of rightsState is the protector of rights State serves common interestState serves common interest Supporters of democratic governmentSupporters of democratic government Allegiance of the citizens towards the state Allegiance of the citizens towards the state Will not force is the basis of the state Will not force is the basis of the state Pluralist nature of the statePluralist nature of the state

Criticism of liberal view pointCriticism of liberal view point

Lack of consistencyLack of consistency State is not a man made institutionState is not a man made institution State is not a association like other State is not a association like other

associationsassociations Functions of the state can not be limitedFunctions of the state can not be limited State is the source of rightsState is the source of rights Criticism by MarxistsCriticism by Marxists State is not an artificial institutionState is not an artificial institution State is not an evilState is not an evil

Marxist view point about stateMarxist view point about state

According to Marxist-:According to Marxist-:

1.1. There are two classes namely of the ruler There are two classes namely of the ruler and ruled, the rich and the poor and the and ruled, the rich and the poor and the feudal lords and the workers. feudal lords and the workers.

2.2. There is a mutual contradiction between There is a mutual contradiction between the interest of these two class tin the the interest of these two class tin the state. state.

3.3. State is the out come of class struggle. State is the out come of class struggle.

4.4. The state safeguards the interests of the The state safeguards the interests of the ruling classruling class

Forms of the State According to Forms of the State According to MarxistMarxist

Marxist believe in the changing nature Marxist believe in the changing nature of state. According to them there of state. According to them there are three forms of stateare three forms of state

1.1. Nature of the bourgeoisieNature of the bourgeoisie

2.2. Nature of the proletarian stateNature of the proletarian state

3.3. The nature of the stateless society The nature of the stateless society or socialist societyor socialist society

Nature of the bourgeoisieNature of the bourgeoisie

Class character of the stateClass character of the state Repressive and coercive character of Repressive and coercive character of

the statethe state Class antagonism can not be Class antagonism can not be

reconciledreconciled Democracy in a bourgeois state is an Democracy in a bourgeois state is an

eye washeye wash Capitalist state can be abolished only Capitalist state can be abolished only

through revolutionary meansthrough revolutionary means

Nature of the proletarian stateNature of the proletarian state

Abolition of privilegesAbolition of privileges Faith in socialismFaith in socialism To establish legislature for law To establish legislature for law

makingmaking No freedom of speech and to criticise No freedom of speech and to criticise

the governmentthe government Violence and suppressionViolence and suppression Economic policiesEconomic policies

The nature of the stateless society The nature of the stateless society or socialist societyor socialist society

It shall be classless and statelessIt shall be classless and stateless Pay according to needPay according to need Voluntary associationsVoluntary associations

Marxist view of nature of the stateMarxist view of nature of the state

State is a class organizationState is a class organization State is not a natural and ethical State is not a natural and ethical

institutioninstitution Class antagonism responsible for the Class antagonism responsible for the

origin of stateorigin of state State is the result of evolutionary processState is the result of evolutionary process State protects the interest of ruling classState protects the interest of ruling class State is an artificial institutionState is an artificial institution

State is a meanState is a mean State can not create unity and State can not create unity and

harmony in societyharmony in society Force is the basis of the stateForce is the basis of the state Welfare state is a means to save the Welfare state is a means to save the

capitalistic ordercapitalistic order State is a temporary institution and it State is a temporary institution and it

shall wither awayshall wither away

Criticism of Marxists view pointCriticism of Marxists view point

State is not the product of class State is not the product of class struggle alonestruggle alone

State can not promote the interests State can not promote the interests of one particular class aloneof one particular class alone

State is not an artificial institutionState is not an artificial institution Stateless society is not possibleStateless society is not possible Marxist vision of new society is not Marxist vision of new society is not

real real

Abolition of capitalist classes has Abolition of capitalist classes has given birth to new ruling classgiven birth to new ruling class

State is not an institution of State is not an institution of exploitation rather a mean of public exploitation rather a mean of public welfarewelfare

The basis of state are not economic The basis of state are not economic force onlyforce only

Force is not the basis of the stateForce is not the basis of the state The state has not withered awayThe state has not withered away

Comparative study of liberal and Comparative study of liberal and Marxist view pointMarxist view point

Difference about the origin of the stateDifference about the origin of the state Difference about the existence of the stateDifference about the existence of the state• Difference about the purpose of the stateDifference about the purpose of the state• Difference about the Future of the stateDifference about the Future of the state• Difference about the role of the stateDifference about the role of the state• Difference about their meansDifference about their means• Liberal are idealist, Marxists are scientific Liberal are idealist, Marxists are scientific

Conclusion Conclusion

Although the Marxist and Although the Marxist and the liberalists exhibit marked the liberalists exhibit marked differences of opinion in various differences of opinion in various aspects of the state, yet under the aspects of the state, yet under the present complex environments they present complex environments they are coming closer to each other. In are coming closer to each other. In this connection it is said that this connection it is said that marxism is becoming liberal and marxism is becoming liberal and liberalism is becoming radical.liberalism is becoming radical.

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ByBy Dr. AMANDIP KAURDr. AMANDIP KAUR DEPTT. OF POLITICAL SCIENCE,DEPTT. OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, PGGCG, SEC. 11, CHANDIGARHPGGCG, SEC. 11, CHANDIGARH