Li-Fi Technology Transmission of Data Through Light

8/9/2019 Li-Fi Technology Transmission of Data Through Light

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Li-Fi TechnologyTransmission of data through

lightSUBMITTED BY

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DE(RTME#T )F *)M(UTER S*IE#*E E#$I#EERI#$


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+stract

Li-Fi stands for Light-Fidelity, Li-Fi technology .ro.osed +y the $erma.hysicist/0arald 0aas .ro1ides transmission of data through illuminatio+y sending data through an LED light +ul+ that 1aries in intensity faster thathe human eye can follo2, This .resentation focuses on de1elo.ing a Li-+ased system and analy3es its .erformance 2ith res.ect to e4istintechnology, 5i-Fi is great for general 2ireless co1erage 2ithin +uilding2hereas Li-Fi is ideal for high density 2ireless data co1erage in con6ned areand for relie1ing radio interference issues, Li-Fi .ro1ides +etter +and2idte7ciency a1aila+ility and security than 5i-Fi and has already achie1e+listeringly high s.eed in the la+, By le1eraging the lo2-cost nature of LEDand lighting units there are many o..ortunities to e4.loit this medium fro.u+lic internet access through street lam.s to auto-.iloted cars thcommunicate through their headlights, 0aas en1isions a future 2here datfor la.to.s smart .hones and ta+lets 2ill +e transmitted through the lighin a room,


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Introduction

%, Transfer of data from one .lace to another is one of the mostim.ortant day-to-day acti1ities, The current 2ireless net2or8sthat connect us to the internet are 1ery slo2 2hen multi.lede1ices are connected, s the num+er of de1ices that accessthe internet increases the 64ed +and2idth a1aila+le ma8es itmore and more di7cult to en9oy high data transfer rates andconnect to a secure net2or8, But radio 2a1es are 9ust a small.art of the s.ectrum a1aila+le for data transfer, solution to th.ro+lem is +y the use of Li-Fi, Li-Fi stands for Light-Fidelity, Li-Fi transmission of data through illumination +y ta8ing the 6+er ouof 6+er o.tics +y sending data through an LED light +ul+ that1aries in intensity faster than the human eye can follo2,


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Li-Fi is the term some ha1e used to la+el the fast and chea. 2irelesscommunication system 2hich is the optical version o

Wi-Fi, Li-Fi uses 1isi+le light instead of $igahert3 radio 2a1es for dattransfer:

The idea of Li-Fi 2as introduced +y a $erman .hysicist 0arald 0as2hich he also referred to as ; data through illumination, The term Li-2as 6rst used +y 0aas in his TED Global talk on !isi+le Ligh*ommunication, ccording to 0ass the light 2hich he referred to as DLight can +e used to .roduce data rates higher than 10 megabits .esecond 2hich is much faster than our a1erage +road+and connectionLi-Fi can .lay a ma9or role in relie1ing the hea1y loads 2hich the curren

2ireless systems face since it adds a ne2 and ntili!ed band"idtof 1isi+le light to the currently a1aila+le radio 2a1es for data transfe

Thus it o?@@ T03A com.ared to thaa1aila+le in RF communications >?@@$03A, lso more data cominthrough the 1isi+le s.ectrum could hel. alle1iate concerns that thelectromagnetic 2a1es that come 2ith 5i-Fi could ad1ersely a


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Genesis of L#-F#$ 0arald 0aas a .rofessor at the Uni1ersity of Edin+urgh 2ho +egan his

research in the 6eld in &@@ ga1e a de+ut demonstration of 2hat he called a

Li-Fi .rototy.e at the TED $lo+al conference in Edin+urgh on %&th "uly &@%%,0e used a ta+le lam. 2ith an LED +ul+ to transmit a 1ideo of +loomingCo2ers that 2as then .ro9ected onto a screen +ehind him, During the e1enthe .eriodically +loc8ed the light from lam. to .ro1e that the lam. 2asindeed the source of incoming data, t TED $lo+al 0aas demonstrated adata rate of transmission of around %@M+.s -- com.ara+le to a fairly good U+road+and connection, T2o months later he achie1ed %&?M+.s,


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Li-Fi is a fast and chea. o.tical 1ersion of 5i-Fi, It is +ased on %isible Lig&ommnication >!L*A,!L* is a data communication medium 2hich use+et2een @@ T03 >@ nmA and @@ T03 >?' nmA as o.tical carrier for dtransmission and illumination, It uses fast .ulses of light to transmit infor2irelessly, The main com.onents of Li-Fi system are as follo2s:

aA a high +rightness 2hite LED 2hich acts as transmission source+A a silicon .hotodiode 2ith good res.onse to 1isi+le light as the

element,

*onstruction of Li-Fi System


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Working of Li-Fi$

LEDs can +e s2itched on and o< to generate digital strings of di


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The (*B controls the electrical in.uts and out.uts of the lam. and houses the mused to manage diradio-fre=uencyA signal is gensolid-state ( and is guided into an electric 6eld a+out the +ul+, The high co

energy in the electric 6eld 1a.ori3es the contents of the +ul+ to a .lasma statcenterH this controlled .lasma generates an intense source of light, su+assem+lies >sho2n in Fig, &A are contained in an aluminum enclosure


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%, Li-Fi is ty.ically im.lemented using 2hite LED light +ul+s at the transmitter, These de1ices are normally used for illumination only +y a

constant current, 0o2e1er +y fast and su+tle variations of the cro.tical out.ut can +e made to 1ary at e4tremely high s.eeds, This 1eryof o.tical current is used in Li-Fi setu.,

&, The o.erational .rocedure is 1ery sim.le- if the LED is on you transm% if its o< you transmit a @, The LEDs can +e s2itched on and o< 1er2hich gi1es nice o..ortunities for transmitting data, 0ence all that is rsome LEDs and a controllerthat code data into those LEDs, ll one hato 1ary the rate at 2hich the LEDs Cic8er de.ending u.on the data 2

encode,?, Further enhancements can +e made in this method li8e using an arra

for .arallel data transmission or using mi4tures of red green and +lualter the lights fre=uency 2ith each fre=uency encoding a di


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RE*E#T D!#*EME#TS I# LI-FI

Using a standard 2hite-light LED researchers at the )einrich )ert! #nsin *erlin $ermany ha1e reached data rates of o1er '@@ mega+ytes .ersecond K%, Using a .air of *asio smart .hones the technology 2asdemonstrated at the &@%& *onsumer Electronics Sho2 in Las !egas toe4change data using light of 1arying intensity gi1en o< from their screendetecta+le at a distance of u. to ten meters,

consortium called Li-Fi &onsortimG 2as formed in )cto+er &@%% +y grou. of com.anies and industry grou.s to .romote high-s.eed o.tical 2systems and o1ercome the limited amount of radio +ased 2ireless s.ectrccording to the Li- Fi *onsortium it is .ossi+le to achie1e more than %@ of s.eed, Researchers at the Uni1ersity of Strathclyde in Scotland ha1e +the tas8 of +ringing high-s.eed u+i=uitous Li-Fi technology to mar8et


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*)M(RIS)# BET5EE# LI-FI 5I-FI

Li-Fi is the name gi1en to descri+e 1isi+lelight communication technology a..liedto o+tain high s.eed 2irelesscommunication, It deri1ed this name +y1irtue of the similarity to Wi-Fi, 5i-Fi2or8s 2ell for general 2ireless co1erage2ithin +uildings and Li-Fi is ideal forhigh density 2ireless data co1erageinside a con6ned area or room and for

relie1ing radio interference issues, Ta+leon the right side sho2s a com.arison oftransfer s.eed of 1arious 2irelesstechnologies, Ta+le on the ne4t slidesho2s a com.arison of 1arioustechnologies that are used forconnecting to the end user, 5i- Ficurrently o


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*)M(RIS)# )F TE*0#)L)$IES USED F)R*)##E*TI#$ T) T0E E#D USER

Technology

&onnection +ecrity

,each #mpact &ost *anE'pa

5i-Fi 5ireless-EMF

$ood E4cellent

un8no2n $ood Limit

0ard2ired *a+les E4cellent

Fair #one $ood Limit

Li-Fi 5ireless-Light

E4cellent

E4cellent

#one Lo2 E4ce


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(ro+lems in 5i-Fi

The follo2ing are the +asic issues 2ith radio 2a1es:

%, *a.acity: 5ireless data is transmitted through radio 2a1es 2hich are limited ane4.ensi1e, It has a limited +and2idth, 5ith the ra.idly gro2ing 2orld andde1elo.ment of technologies li8e ?$ $ and so on 2e are running out ofs.ectrum,

&, E7ciency: There are %, million cellular radio +ase stations that consumemassi1e amount of energy, Most of the energy is used for cooling do2n the +asestation instead of transmission, Therefore e7ciency of such +ase stations is only

'P,

?, 1aila+ility: 1aila+ility of radio 2a1es is a +ig concern, It is not ad1isa+le to usemo+ile .hones in aero .lanes and at .laces li8e .etrochemical .lants and .etrol.um.s,

, Security: Radio 2a1es can .enetrate through 2alls, They can +e interce.ted, Ifsomeone has 8no2ledge and +ad intentions they may misuse it, This causes ama9or security concern for 5i-Fi,


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d1antages of Li-Fi

Li-Fi technology is +ased on LEDs or other light source for the transfer of data, The tradata can +e 2ith the hel. of all 8inds of light no matter the .art of the s.ectrum that tThat is the light can +elong to the in1isi+le ultra1iolet or the 1isi+le .art of the s.ethe s.eed of the communication is more than su7cient for do2nloading mo1ies gaand all in 1ery less time,

lso Li-Fi remo1es the limitations that ha1e +een .ut on the user +y the 5i-Fi,

%, *a.acity: Light has %@@@@ times 2ider +and2idth than radio 2a1es K', lso light already installed, So Li-Fi has got +etter ca.acity and also the e=ui.ments are already

&, E7ciency: Data transmission using Li-Fi is 1ery chea., LED lights consume less enehighly e7cient,

?, 1aila+ility: 1aila+ility is not an issue as light sources are .resent e1ery2here, Thereof light +ul+s 2orld2ideH they 9ust need to +e re.laced 2ith LEDs for .ro.er transmissi

, Security: Light 2a1es do not .enetrate through 2alls, So they canGt +e interce.ted an


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Real life usage of Li-Fi


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Disad1antages of Li-Fi

)ne of the ma9or demerits of this technology is that the arti6ciallight cannot .enetrate into 2alls and other o.a=ue materials2hich radio 2a1es can do, So a Li-Fi ena+led end de1ice >througits in+uilt .hoto-recei1erA 2ill ne1er +e as fast and handy as a 5Fi ena+led de1ice in the o.en air, lso another shortcoming isthat it only 2or8s in direct line of sight, Still Li-Fi could emerge aa +oon to the ra.idly de.leting +and2idth of radio 2a1es, nd it

2ill certainly +e the 6rst choice for accessing internet in acon6ned room at chea.er cost,


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Some of the future a..lications of Li-Fi are as follo2s: Edcation systems$ Li-Fi is the latest technology that can .ro1ide fast

internet access, So it can re.lace 5i-Fi at educational institutioncom.anies so that all the .eo.le can ma8e use of Li-Fi 2ith the samintended in a .articular area,

edical .pplications$ ).eration theatres >)TsA do not allo2 5i-Fradiation concerns, Usage of 5i-Fi at hos.itals interferes 2ith the mo+2hich +loc8s the signals for monitoring e=ui.ments, So it may +e ha3the .atientQs health, To o1ercome this and to ma8e )T tech sa11y Li-used to accessing internet and to control medical e=ui.ments, This can

+ene6cial for ro+otic surgeries and other automated .rocedures, &heaper #nternet in .ircrafts: The .assengers tra1elling in aircrafts g

to lo2 s.eed internet at a 1ery high rate, lso 5i-Fi is not used +ecause iinterfere 2ith the na1igational systems of the .ilots, In aircrafts Li-Fi can for data transmission, Li-Fi can easily .ro1ide high s.eed internet 1ia e1esource such as o1erhead reading +ul+ etc, .resent inside the air.lane,


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/nder"ater applications$ Under2ater R)!s >Remotely ).erated !ehiclesfrom large ca+les that su..ly their .o2er and allo2 them to recei1e signals .ilots a+o1e, But the tether used in R)!s is not long enough to allo2 them tlarger areas, If their 2ires 2ere re.laced 2ith light / say from a su+merged.o2ered lam. / then they 2ould +e much freer to e4.lore, They could also headlam.s to communicate 2ith each other .rocessing data autonomouslytheir 6ndings .eriodically +ac8 to the surface, Li-Fi can e1en 2or8 under2atefails com.letely there+y thro2ing o.en endless o..ortunities for military o.

.pplications in sensitive areas$ (o2er .lants need fast inter-connected so that demand grid integrity and core tem.erature >in case of nuclear .o2+e monitored, 5i-Fi and many other radiation ty.es are +ad for sensiti1e aresurrounding the .o2er .lants, Li-Fi could o


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Trac management: In tra7c signals Li-Fi can +e used 2hich 2ill com2ith the LED lights of the cars 2hich can hel. in managing the tra7c in manner and the accident num+ers can +e decreased, lso LED car light

alert dri1ers 2hen other 1ehicles are too close,

,eplacement for other technologies: Li-Fi doesnGt 2or8 using radio 2So it can +e easily used in the .laces 2here Bluetooth infrared 5i-Fi e+anned,


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*onclusion

There are a .lethora of .ossi+ilities to +e gouged u.on in this 6eld oftechnology, If this technology +ecomes 9usti6a+ly mar8eted then e1ery+ul+ can +e used analogous to a 5i-Fi hots.ot to transmit data 2irelesslyBy 1irtue of this 2e can ameliorate to a greener cleaner safer and ares.lendent future, The conce.t of Li-Fi is attracting a lot of eye-+alls+ecause it o


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%, Richard $illiard Lu4im *or.oration ;The li6 lam. high e7ciency high +rightness light em.lasma 2ith long life and e4cellent color =uality,&, Richard (, $illiard Marc De!incentis +deslam0a6di Daniel )G0are and $regg 0ollings2o

;).eration of the LiFi Light Emitting (lasma in Resonant *a1ity,?, !isilin8 ;!isi+le Light *ommunication Technology for #earU+i=uitous #et2or8ing 5hite (

"anuary &@%&,, htt.:NNedition,cnn,comN&@%&N@N&NtechNli6-haas-inno1ation', htt.:NNarticles,economictimes,indiatimes,comN&@%?-@%-%Nne2sN?V??%VVW%Wdata-transmis

tra7c-signals-1isi+le-light-s.ectrumV, htt.:NN222,e4tremetech,comNe4tremeN%??-micro-led-li6-2here- e1ery-light-source-in-th

also-t1-and-.ro1ides-giga+it-internet- access, htt.:NN222,d1ice,comNarchi1esN&@%&N@Nli6-ten-2ays-i,.h., htt.:NN222,good,isN.ostsNforget-2i6-it-s-li6-internet-through-light+ul+s, htt.:NN222,li6,comN.dfsNtech+riefho2li62or8s,.df%@, htt.:NN222,is.re1ie2,co,u8Ninde4,.h.N&@%?N@%Ntiny-led-lights-set-to-

deli1er-2i6-style-internet-communications,html%%, htt.:NN222,ne2scientist,comNarticleNmg&%%&&&',@@-2ill-li6-+e-the- ne2-2i6,html%&, htt.:NNgrou.i1semi,comN2or8ing-li6-could-+e-a1aila+le-soonN

c8no2ledgement
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Li-Fi Technology Transmission of Data Through Light

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