- 1. 2009 , . , . . , , . , . , . 2004 2.500 , 55% 2009. , . .
1949 , . . , 4 , 9 () 14 (SCECBU) . , , , , . 1976, . 2000 ,
(Dealing Room, Front Office), (Back Office) (Middle Office) .
Project Manager , , . . , , .
2. AAccession and Acceding country = . (accession country) ( ,
Copenhagen criteria) . (acceding country) . .Accountability = . . ,
. .Accounting posting = .Accounting principles = . . : Accruals
principle = . , . Cash flow accounting and Realisation
principles:1) cash flow accounting .2) , realisation rule .
Consistency and comparability principles = . . , . , . . Dual
aspect principle = . K (double entry book keeping). , . , ( ) 3. ()
(). Economic reality and transparency principles = . , o , . .
Entity principle = . , . . Going concern basis = . . Historic Cost
Accounting, HCA = . . . Materiality principle = . . , , , . Money
measurement principle = . . , . . Objectivity principle = . . , , .
. Recognition of postbalance sheet events principle = . . :1) , 2)
, , . Periodicity principle = . , . , . Prudence or conservatism
principle = . 4. . , , (if in doubt, overstate lossesand understate
profits). , (unrealised gains) (unrealisedlosses) . . , . Relevance
principle = . . . Quantitative principle = . . , :1) Economic
reality and transparency 2) Prudence 3) Recognition of postbalance
sheetevents 4) Materiality 5) Accruals 6) Going concern 7)
Consistency and comparability.Accounting Regulators Committee (ARC)
= . . .Account Officer = . , , , . account officer marketing .
customers account officer . :1) 2) ., , . , , . . account officer
.Accounts Payable = . . (current liabilities) . , . 5. Accounts
Receivable = . . (currentassets) . , .Accrual bond = .Accrued
interest = . . , (plus accrued interests) . , , 40 , 10 (6 : 1,5 =
4 40 : 4 = 10 ).Acquis communautaire = . (.). ( Copenhagen
Criteria) .. . ( ) ( , ).Acquisition = . . .Action taken by the E.U
institutions = , (.) :) Regulations = . , .) Directives = . , , .)
Decisions = . A .) Recommendations and Opinions = . .. O.
(OJEC,JOCE).Active and passive portfolio management = . (ctive
portfolio management) (benchmark portfolio) . benchmark . 25% . 6.
(passive portfolio management) ) ) (yield to maturity) . .ActiveMQ
= (ApacheSoftware Foundation). (Java Message Service 1.1, JMS).
(Enterprise Features) . (clustering), , (cache). Java ActiveMQ
.NET[2], C/C++[3] Delphi Perl, Python, PHP Ruby (Cross Language
Clients) OpenWire.Addendum = , . , . . , .Add-on = . (hardware)
(software) / . , (add-on) , , , (modems), , .Adjustable Rate
Mortgage, ARM = . . prime rate (. LIBOR) . (ceiling). , o AR
.Administered, fixed and floating interest rates = , . Administered
interest rates = . . Fixed interest rates = . . Floating interest
rates = . + 1% Euribor + 0,70% MRO (). Euribor . .Administered
price = .DSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) = DSL. 7. Ad
Valorem = . , , , (%) .Adverse selection = . . , , . , . premium ,
. insider trading . , . . . , .Affidavit = . . Affidavit of loss .
.Affinity Card = . , , , . , , .African Development Bank Group =
(AfDB).I 1964 AfDB . . 77 : 53 (Regional MemberCountries, RMC): - -
- )24 , (Non- RegionalMember Countries) 8. A . :1) African
Development Bank, (AfDB). ( ). 1964 1966. 53 24 , . : . 33 . . , ,
, , , . ) ) 18 12 6 . 904.2) The African Development Fund, ADF ( ).
1972 1974 24 . . , . 0,75% 0,50% .3) The Nigeria Trust Fund, NTF (
). 1976 432 . . 4%, 25 . .Agencies = . 10 .Agency bonds = . Fannie
Mae, Freddie Mac, Sallie Mae Federal Home Loan Banks.Agency =
20.000.000 .Agency pass-throughs = Government National Mortgage
Association (Ginnie May), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
(Freddie Mac) Federal National MortgageAssociation (Fannie May) (
). 9. Agent = , .Aggregate Demand, AD = . : ,, . , : (consumer
spending, C), (investment, I), (government spending, G)
(expenditure on export, X) (expenditure on imports of goodsand
services, M). , (AD) AD = C + I + G+X M. (aggregate demand curve)
.Aggregates = .. , , .ALAP, as late as possible = . . (IT projects)
(regression test) (unit tests).Algorithm = . . / . . / .
(converter) . . , (paymentqueue) , .alias = . . , . , "" . alias
mail . alias / .Allotment = . , (pro rata) .Alpha = . , (beta, ) .
. 10. , . . : [ ( y ) ( (b) ( ) ) ] / n, n = (36 ), = beta , = , y=
. , 25% 5%, 25-5=20%. , 9%. beta 2 ( Standard and Poors). 2 9% =
18%. 20%. 2% 200 . (weighted Alpha) , . . . .Alternative assets = .
(private equity), (venture capital), (hedge funds) (real estate).
.American Depositary Receipt, ADR = , Securities and
ExchangeCommission, SEC ( ). . .American Express Cards = American
Express. (charge card) 1958. , American Express 1.000.000 85.000 .
1986 . , American Express , ,, , .Amortisation = 1) . . , ( 103)
(par value 100), (premium) . (negative amortisation) 2) . ., .
(straight-line amortisation) ( ) .Analog and digital lines = .
(analog line) . . 11. (digital line) . : , 1 ) 0.Anchor / Pegging
currency = - . - .. 1998, .. ., .Ancillary system = . . (clearing
houses), (retail paymentsystems), (FX systems), (money market
systems) (securitiessettlement systems) . TARGET2 .Annualize = . ,
2006 50.000 200.000 (50.000 4 ) 0,5%, 6% (0,5% 12 ).Annual
Percentage Rate, APR = . . , , , .Annuity = , . , , .Anti-Virus = /
. .APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) = - . 1989 1993 . 2010
2020 . : ) ) ) . 2004, APEC 21 : ,, , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , ,
(), , .API - Application Programming Interface = . / . . APIs 12.
(libraries) . , APIs socket ( ). Berkeley sockets Windows Sockets
(Winsock)APIs . , APIs Java servlets Web APIs XML-RPC ( )
.Application Service Provider, ASP = . ASP , , . Internet.Appraisal
= .A priori and a posteriori = . A priori . posteriori .Arbitrage =
. . .. / / . , , / . , (. ) 10 12 , . . . , (triangular
arbitrage).Arbitrage bond = . .Arithmetic mean = mean (). .Arms
length principle = . . , , . . , , ) 13. ) . .rtificial
intelligence = . / . 1956 (MIT). , , , , , , , , , / .ASAP, as soon
as possible = . . (IT projects) (Project Definition Document,PDD)
(Scope Document, SD).ASCII, American Standard Code for Information
Interchange = . . 7 128 , . , . ASCII ( 32 126) . ASCII 1963 (ASA),
ANSI. , ANSI X3.4-1986, ECMA-6, ISO/IEC 646:1991 International
Reference Version, ITU-TRecommendation T.50 (09/92), Request for
Comments RFC 20. Unicode ( ASCII), 128 .Asian Development Bank
(ADB) = . 1966 2.000 50 . , , . , , , , , . 50% 50% . , 49 . O : 1)
, 2) , .O . ADB 32 . 2006 64 :) 46 :, , , , , , , , , , -, , , , ,
, ., , , , , , , , (), , , , , ,, , , , , , ), 14. , , , , , , , -
.) 18 -:, , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , .) ,, , , , , , .) , 16 , 3
4 . - . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , D.C. ADB . , , -.Asset
allocation = . (. , , , , , , , ), , . . .Asset allocation
optimisation = . . , , , .Asset and liability management = (OBS) .
: ) ) ) .Asset-Backed Securities, ABS = , , , , , , ,, . ., , (cash
flows) (pool ofmortgages). , ABS Pass Through Securities (). ABS
(shortduration) , 15. . , , ABS . , ( 90% ) . : , , . ABS
(sub-prime mortgage market) .sset-acked Commercial Paper, ABCP = .
90 180 . , , . (commercialpaper) , ABCP . . , . (ABCP program) , ,
. , . ABCP programs . , , : ) ) ABCPs ) ABCP program ABCP.
(sub-prime mortgage market) - 2007, ABCPs .Asset classes = . : 1)
(cash and equivalents). 2) (fixed income). o 3) (stocks). . ,
.Assets = . , , , , , , . :) Fixed assets = . . :) tangible fixed
assets: . 16. , , , , , .) intangible fixed assets: , , .) Current
assets = , , , . .) on-current assets = .) perating assets: . , .)
on- operating assets: .Association of Southeast Asian Nations,
ASEAN = . 8.8.1967 : , , , , , ,, , . , . 24.2.1976 : ) , , , ) ) )
) ) . 1997 ASEAN 2020 . ASEAN 100 . , ,, , , , .Asymmetric
information = . , , . . . , . . (market makers) , . market makers
.Asymmetric shocks = . . : 17. , . , ( 1985, 1995, 2003 2007) . 50%
, , . . . . , , . , , , . 2008 2009 . , , , , .Asynchronous
Transfer Mode = , . . . .At best or at the best = . . : ) ) dealer
. .At par = , . (allapari = ). . at par (100) (discount) . 90 10
105 5 . 18. At the money = (option) at the money (exercise strike
price) (underlying instrument). , (break-even-point) . At the money
Spot option (spot price) . At the money forward option (forward
price) .Audit trail = . , , .Automatic and discretionary
stabilisers = .: Automatic economic stabilisers = . . . , .
Automatic fiscal stabilisers = . . . 2008 : . , . . , . , .O Martin
Weitzman (profit sharing). , .Discretionary stabilisers = . , , ,
.Automatic Securities Lending Programmes, ASLP = Securities
Lending.Automatic Teller Machine, ATM = . i - , , PIN, 19. . , , ,
, , , . , , 10.000 50.000 . , 2008, 7.000 ATMs , 2.400 67%
.Autonomous liquidity factors = . , . , , .Autoregressive = .
.Average cost = . . .Averaging provision = (minimum reserves)
(maintenance period) . , . averaging provision ( inimum reserves
(reserve requirements) of theEurosystem). 20. BBaby bond = 1.000
.Baby boom generation and Y generation = . Baby boom generation
1943 1960 1946 1964. . , 1968 , , , --, . . FED baby boomers .
18.1.2007 FED 78.000.000 2008 . Y generation 1977 1994 , , 11 , .
2015, .BACH (Bank for the Accounts of Companies Harmonised) = . 9 :
, , ,, , , , . . O .Backbone = . . (servers) / . backbone .Backbone
network = . . (servers), (routers), hubs ( ) (bridges). backbone
network . , .Backlog = .Back testing = , 21. . , . , , (hedging).
.Back-to-back loan = . . .Backwardation = . (spotprices) (forward
prices). (normal backwardation) (futures) hedgers, futures, short .
hedgers long . backwardation future future future . , , 2
(spotrate) (forward rate). contango ( ).Bad credit = . (credit
rating). , .Bailing out = 1) . . 2) . . 103 , . .Balanced fund = .
. . , , , .Balance of payments = . , (, , , ). , , , . , , : 1) , ,
2) 22. / 3) , 4) 5) 6) . , : BALANCE OF PAYMENTS OF GREECE) /
(1+2+3+4) ) CURRENT ACCOUNT (1+2+3+4)1) 1) GOODS OIL balance TRADE
BALANCE excluding oil Ships Balance TRADE BALANCE excluding oil and
ships Exports Oil ()Ships (receipts) Other goods Imports Oil
()Ships (payments) Other goods2) 2) SERVICESReceipts Travel
Transportation Other servicesPayments Travel Transportation Other
services3) 3) INCOMEReceipts,Compensation of employees, ,
Investment incomePayments, Compensation of employees, , Investment
income4) 4) CURRENT TRANSFERSReceiptsGeneral Government (mainly
transfers ( )from E.U) ( , ) Other sectorsPaymentsGeneral
Government (mainly payments to ( )E.U) Other sectors 23. ) N)
CAPITAL TRANSFERSReceipts ( ) General Government (mainly
transfersfrom E.U) Other sectorsPaymentsGeneral Government (mainly
payments to ( )E.U) Other sectors CURRENT ACCOUNT AND CAPITAL ( +
)TRANSFERS ( + )) AC) FINANCIAL ACCOUNTA DIRECT INVESTMENT Abroad
Home PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT Assets Liabilities OTHER INVESTMENT
Assets Liabilities ( ) (Loans of General Government)) D) CHANGE IN
RESERVE ASSETS) ) BALANCING ITEM) F) RESERVE ASSETS (STOCK)( ) , ,
. . SUMMARY BALANCE OF PAYMENTS OF THE EURO AREA / CURRENT ACCOUNT
(1+2+3+4) (1+2+3+4) 1) 1) Goods 2) 2) Services 3) 3) Income 4) 4)
Current transfers CAPITAL ACCOUNT A FINANCIAL ACCOUNT (a+b+c+d+e)
24. A (++++)) a) Direct investment Equity capital and reinvested
earnings Other capital (mostly inter-company loans) ( ) ) b)
Portfolio investment Equity Debts instruments Bonds and notes Money
market instruments : MEMO ITEM: COMBINED DIRECT AND PORTFOLIO
INVESTMENT ) c) Financial derivatives ) d) Other investments
Eurosystem General government : of which: currency and deposits (
)MFIs (excluding the Eurosystem) long term short term Other sectors
: of which: currency and deposits ) e) Reserve assets Monetary gold
SDRs Reserve position in the IMF Foreign exchange Other claims
Errors and omissionsBalance sheet = . (assets) (liabilities) . . ,
, . , ( profit and loss account) , . . (BANK ANNUAL BALANCE SHEET
PATTERN)ASSETSTAMEIO KAI CASH AND BALANCES WITH CENTRAL BANKS) a)
Cash) b) Cheques receivable) c) Deposits with central banks
TREASURY BILLS AND OTHER SECURITIES ELIGIBLE FOR REFINANCING WITH
THE CENTRAL BANK) a) Issued by the State) b) Other LOANS AND
ADVANCES TO CREDIT INSTITUTIONS) a) Repayable on demand) b) With
agreed maturity 25. ) A c) Reverse repos LOANS AND ADVANCES TO
CUSTOMERS- - Loans) a) Maturing within one year) b) Maturing after
one year- - Other receivables Less allowances for credit
lossesSECURITIES- - Debt securities including fixed-income
securities) a) Issued by the State) b) Other- - Shares and other
variable-yield securities INVESTMENTS) a) Investments in
non-affiliates) b) Investments in affiliates INTANGIBLES ASSETS) a)
Formation and preliminary expenses Less amortisation) b) Other
intangible assets Less amortisation TANGIBLES ASSETS) a) Land) b)
Buildings - Buildings installation Less depreciation) c) Furniture
and fixtures Less depreciation) d) EDP equipment Less depreciation)
e) Other tangible assets Less depreciation) f) Fixed assets under
construction and advances OTHER ASSETS PREPAYMENTS AND ACCRUED
INCOME) a) Prepaid expenses) b) Accrued interest- - State bonds- -
Other bonds- - Loans and advances- - Other TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES
DUE TO CREDIT INSTITUTIONS) a) Repayable on demand) b) Time
deposits) c) Repos DUE TO CUSTOMERS) a) Deposits- - Repayable on
demand-- Saving deposits- - Time deposits) b) Other liabilities- -
Cheques and orders payable- - Repos DEBT SECURITIES ISSUED OTHER
LIABILITIES 26. ) a) Dividends payable) b) Income tax and other
taxes payable ) c) Withholdings in favour of social security funds
and other third parties) d) Other ACCRUED EXPENSES AND DEFERRED
INCOME) a) Deferred income) b) Accrued interest on time deposits)
c) Other accrued expenses of the year PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES
AND CHARGES) a) Provision for staff retirement indemnities ) b)
Other SUBORDINATED DEBT CAPITAL AND RESERVES Share capital- -
Paid-up capital Share premium accountReserves) a) Legal reserve)b)
Extraordinary reserve) c) Tax-free reserves under special laws) d)
Reserves from the revaluation of securities Land and building
revaluation surplus Earnings transferable to the new year- -
Retained earnings Treasury shares Goodwill to be netted off TOTAL
LIABILITIES OFF BALANCE SHET ACCOUNTS Contingent liabilities- -
From guarantees in favour of third parties Repos Other off Balance
Sheet accounts) a) Beneficiaries of asset items) b) Bilateral
agreements) (, c) Sundry off balance sheet accounts , )
(guarantees, securities etc)) d) Mutual funds holders TOTAL OFF
BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTSBalloon loan = . (the balloon payment) . , ,
. , . , .Bancassurance = . . O , :) 27. ) 1) (credit insurance)2)
(overdraft insurance) 3) . , , (endowment mortgage or investment
mortgage)) . bancassurance , , . . 30% 40% . : 1) , 2) 3) , 4) , 5)
.Bandwidth = . , , . , . , . herz , bits . To bandwidth internet,
(downloading) .Bank draft = . . (negotiable means of cashless
payment).Bankers acceptance, BA = . . , 90 180 , . . , (at par) . .
, , . . , , . . O . . 28. Bank for International Settlements, BIS =
. 17.5.1930 , , - (Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion, SAR) 550
50 . 3 ., BIS :1) . 130 BIS. 31.3.1999 112 . , 7% , 31.3.2004 177,5
. 2008 BIS 236 SDR ( 388 ) 6% . BIS . (MITBIS,Medium Term
Instruments) (FIXBIS, Fixed-Rate Investment Instruments). , BIS . ,
. 13,28 . 1998.2) . . 10 (G10), O (1964-1993) , , , (CPSS),
(Committee on the Global Financial System) G10 1998 (IAIS) 1999
(Financial Stability Institute, FSI, ). G10 . .3) . 1974 G10 (Basel
Committee on Banking Supervision) BIS. : ) , ) , ) 1988 2007 Basel
II .4) . . BIS 1,5 . (1 = 1,94 ) 600.000 86% 14% . 8.1.2001 BIS
16.000 . . 7.977,56 5% 29. 8.1.2001 19.3.2003, 1.075,34 . 10 2003
(SDR,Special Drawing Rights). 2008, 683.9 . SDR 9.967,3,5 . SDR.
2009, 55 ( ) (, , ,, , -, , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , ,
, , ,, , , , , , ,, , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , - SAR ). BIS , , ,
ex officio. 9 . .Bank giro = . . (standing orders) (direct
debits).Bank Identifier Code = BIC.Banking disintermediation = . .
, , . , . .Banking Supervision Committee, BSC = . 1999 . . , . . ,
, (Central CreditRegisters).Bank lending survey = . 2003 . , .Bank
loans of the single list = Tier-one, tier-two assets and their
substitutionby the single list system as from 1.1.2007. 30.
Banknote Recycling Framework = . . () 2004 . () . (ATMs), . .
(Tellers machines) . , (banknote handling machines) . 2007,
(roadmap) . 1.7.2007 (remoteaccess). . , , (common packaging
standards) , (electronic datacommunications with professional
clients) (a further harmonisation of the NCBs opening hours). , .
.Banknote security features = . , , . :A) : Banknote paper = .
(Banknote Paper Mills) (cotton fiber paper) , . (polymer paper) . ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , . (Reserve Bank of Australia, RBA) 1988. .
Blind embossing = . . 31. Clear window = . . . () . Diffractive
optically variable image, DOVID = . . (hologram,Kinegram, Gyrogram,
). . . . Denomination numeral in optical variable ink (OVI) = . (.
100, 200, 500) . Hologram = . (3D). , (rainbow transmission
holograms). Intaglio printing = . , . , . . (suitable colorswith
intaglio printing) (intaglio printing relief with tactical
properties). Microperf = . . Moire variable color, MVC = . , .
Optically variable devices, OVD = . . Optically variable inks, OVI
= . . Reflecting foil strips = . Reflecting foil strips with
diffractive structure = . Security thread = . . , - - (security
thread combined with miniand micro lettering). . See through
registers = . . , . Shadow image = . . () . System of transparent
reflection against photocoping, STRAP = . (). . Watermark = . 32. .
. , (electrotypewire watermark).B) : Copy-evident paper = . . , ,
(void). Infrared light, IR = . Invisible UV (Ultra Violet)
fluorescent fibers = . Microprint = . . :) microtext = . . )
micropattern = . . , .) (machine readable features) ATMS (vending
machines): Banknote number is recognised only by special machines =
. Barcodes = . . Codified magnetic security thread = . Digital
character recognition, DCR = . (scanners) (PCs algorithms). OCR.
Infrared light combined inks = . , . (infrared light, IR dark) . ,
, . Magnetic ink character recognition, MICR = . (OCR) . . Modular
features, MF = o (counting and sorting machines) . . Novel
numbering = . Novel. , 33. . , . Optical character recognition, OCR
= . (machine-editable text) , (scanners), . Small code field
intaglio printing pattern = x . Watermark consisted by several
diagonal lines = .Barrel = . 42 159 . .Base currency = . . , . , .
.Base effect = . , . base effect (t) (t+1) . , base effect (base
month) .Basel Committee on Banking Supervision = E . 1974 10 (G10)
13 : , , ,, , , , , , , , ). 4 . (BIS) . , , . G10 . 30 . 1988,
(Basel Capital Accord) . 8% . 1997, (CorePrinciples for Effective
Banking Supervision) 1999 (Core Principles Methodology). 1999, , 2
(Basel II). 26 2004, , . 26 2004 G10 . Basel II. 34. Basel II = .
G10 26 2004. : : : (Basel II:International Convergence of Capital
Measurement and Capital Standards: a RevisedFramework). : : .
Capital Accord 1998 ( I). . ( ) I. ( 8% ) . :) (operational risk) .
, , ) : 1) , 2) , . (credit risk) , (standardised approach), I . I,
, , , . , . (Foundation Internal Ratings Based, FIRB) , . FIRB - .
, BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). FIRB (modern asset
pricing theory). H , . . (default) . ( ) (probabilityof default).
FIRB, . FIRB (confidence level) 99,9%. , . , FIRB , 35. . :1)
Probability of default, PD = . . .2) Loss given default, LGD: . .3)
Exposure at default, EAD = . .4) Maturity of the loan = .5)
Correlation to systematic risk = . .6) Risk weight factor = . .
(advancedinternal ratings-based approach) (inputvariables). (PD)
(LGD), (EAD) IRB. (operational risk) , , :1) H (the basic indicator
approach). 15% .2) H (standardised approach). . BCBS .3) (advance
measurement approach). . ., (market risk) Capital Accord 1998. : ,
, . . , . , , . . . . : . 36. . . , . 2587, 2588, 2589, 2590,
2591,2592, 2593, 2594, 2595 2596/20.8.2007 2006/48/ 2006/49/,
.BASIC, Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code = . . .
BASIC . , .Basis point, bp = 1%, 0,01%. 50 bp 0,5% 25 bp 0,25%.
basis points . , 10 bp .Basis risk = . . . (financial future)
(underlying spot instrument) (hedgingtransaction).Batch processing,
BP = . off-line ., (payment orders) ( securities transfer orders) .
, /.enchmark risk = . benchmark .Bear market = . E . . , 15% 20%
bear market.Behind the curve = . . 37. Benchmark = . , . (benchmark
portfolio), 10 10 30 . , 3 EURIBOR Euro-LIBOR. (commodities) CRB
index 20 , FIXING , Brent (North See Brent blend crude oil) Crude
(US light sweet crude oil, WTI) . . :) strategic benchmark = . - .
, , ) tactical benchmark = . - . 1, 2, 3, . . (. ). .
(outperformance) . , , benchmark (underperformance). benchmark
portfolios , .Benchmarking = , . , . benchmarking , .Beta = (market
risk) (volatility) (benchmark indices). ., . . , . (regression
analysis). 1 . . 38. . . . , . . , 1,2 20% ., : ) ) ) ) ) ) .BIC,
Bank Identifier Code = SWIFT. (SWIFT). , (International
Organisation for Standardisation, ISO), SWIFT . SWIFT . : (Bank
Code). 4 . BANK (Country Code). 2 . CC GR (Location Code). . LL
(SWIFT BIC) BANKCCLL . (Branch Code) 3 . MAR. BANKCCLLMAR. , BIC
(IBAN, International Bank Account Number, ). 1.1.2006, IBAN BIC ()
. , 13/15.11.2005: ) 1.1.2006 IBAN BIC ) 2006 IBAN BIC ) , ,
1.1.2007.Bid and offer price = bid price , . Offer price , .Big
bang = . . 27.10.1986 ( ) (LSE):) ) 39. ) (dual capacity system) ,
(agents) - (brokers-dealers)) . , . , (building societies) . . . ,
, 31.12.2001 , 1.1.2002 .Big Four = 4 . , , : 4 , Barclays, HSBC
(HongKong and Shanghai Banking Corporation), RBS (Royal Bank of
Scotland) Lloyds TSB(Trustee Savings Bank) 4 ,
PriceWaterhouseCoopers, KPMG (Klynveld, Peat, Marwick and
Goerdeler), Ernst &Young Deloitte Haskins & Sells.Bilateral
procedures of the Eurosystem = . O () . . . : direct contact with
counterparties = . O (). . , , operations executed through stock
exchanges and market agents = . O . . .. , , .Bill of exchange = .
. (issuer or drawer), (payer or drawee acceptor) (payee orbearer).
. , . . . (order bill) 40. (endorsement). , , . . , , , , , .Bill
of lading = . . . . , : Negotiable bill of lading = . . Straight
bill of lading = . . , , . Clean bill of lading = . Bearer bill of
lading = . . . . : Truck bill of lading = . Railway bill of lading
= Ocean bill of lading = Post Office receipt = Airway bill of
lading = Through bill of lading = . , . : Traditional paper bill of
lading = . . Bolero-Bill-of-Lading = . . , , ( Bolero).Bill payable
to order = . . (issuer or drawer) (payee). . : ) ) ) . , ) ) ) . (
bill of exchange). , , 41. (endorsement). : 1) , ) , . . ) ) . ,
.Bit, binary digit = . . 1 . (bit) binary digit. bits . bit : 1
kilobit (kb) = 1.024 bits 1 megabit (mb) = 1.024 kilobits 1.048.576
bits 1 gigabit (gb) = 1.024 megabits 1.073.741.824 bits 1 terabit
(tb) = 1.024 gigabits 1.099.511.627.776 bits 1 petabit (pb) = 1.024
terabits 1.125.899.906.842.624 bits 1 exabit (eb) = 1.024 petabits
1.152.921.504.606.846.976 bits 1 zettabit (zb) = 1.024 exabits
1.180.591.620.717.411.303.424 bits 1 yottabit (yb) = 1.024
zettabits 1.208.925.819.614.629.174.706.176 bitsBitmap = . (bit) .
bits 1s 0s. / 1s 0s . BMP Paint Windows.Black Friday = . : 24 1869
, , . 20.9 24.9 140 163 . . 4.000.000 . 11.000.000 . 19 1873 . 24
2008: p , 24.10.2008 hedgefunds . , FTSE 100 5%, - 9,71%, CAC 40 -
3,54%, EUROSTOXX 50 - 4,84% Dow Jones IndustrialAverage 30 - 3,59%,
NASDAQ Composite 3,24% Sandard & Poors 500 3,45%. IKKEI 6,36%,
Hang Seng 12,63% . 42. Black Knight (Chevalier noir) = . , , . , ,
( White Knight (Chevalier blanc).Black market = . . , .Black Monday
= M . 5 :28 1929 M . 9.250.000 . (29.10.1929) ( Black Tuesday). 19
1987 M . 508 , 22% . : ) ( 40% ) (portfolio insurance) . (futures)
500 . 19.10.1987. 27 1997 . 554. Long Term Capital Management. ,
1987.21 2008 . 2007 (US sub-prime mortgagemarket) , 21.1.2008
(sell-off) . (futures) 4,5%, Nikkei225 5,7%, SSEC 8%, HSCE 12%,
S&P/ASX 200 share index 7%, FTSE 100 5,48%, CAC 40 6,83% DAX
7,16%. 11.9.2001 . Reuters , 245 .29 2008 . , 2007 (US sub-prime
mortgagemarket), . , RP (Trouble Assets Relief Program). 29.9.2008,
228 205 . . DJIA 6,98%, Nasdaq composite 9,14%, o Standard 43. and
Poors 500 8,79%, o FTSEurofirst 300 5,23%, FTSE100 5,3%, o Dax
4,23%, o Nikkei 225 2,88%, o Hang Seng 2,49% 5,87%. 6 2008 . , ,
6.10 . RTS 15% BOVESPA 15%. FTSE 100 7,85%, FTSEurofirst 300 -
7,75%, Xetra DAX 7,07%, 5,85%, NASDAQ Composite 4,34% Sandard &
Poors 500 - 3,85%.Black Scholes model = (European call option).
1973 options (futures). , . , , , . : ) , , call option . put
option ) , .Black Sea Trade and Development Bank (BSTDB) = . O 1998
O O . O , O 16,5%. 14%, O 13,5% 5%, 2%, 1% 0,5%. (subscribed
capital) 2 SDRs (authorized capital) 3 SDRs. BSTDB : ) , ) ,) (). .
, :1) . ,2) . O ,3) . . , 44. , , . O . 11 11 . . 77 1999 O. BSTDB
12 EBRD 40 23 . 10 . 15.4.2000 AVIN INT. O. 2002, 4 (IBA). BSTDB. 3
. 13.10.2003 ALUMIL S.A, , , , ..., , . 20 . . 6 . 16.10.2003
KMB-BANK . 2001 9 . . 27.11.2003 . 5 . DeltaLeasing . 2.12.2003 21
. OPET Petrolculuk A.S . 2005, , BSTDB : ) 5.000.000 CB Unionbank )
5.000.000 Postcredit Bank ) 20.000.00 JSC CONCERN KALINA ) o
Izmirlian Foundation Joint Finance Facility (JFF), 425.000 OVAL
Ltd, , 500.000 Valletta Ltd, ) 18.000.000 Esenboga. (SPV) TAV
Esenboga Yatirim Yapim ve Isletme AS ) 5.000.000 ) 15.000.000
Shelman SA, , . 2006, , BSTDB : ) , 12.1.2006 (Syndicated Loan
Facility) 50.000.000 3 ) 30.1.2006 6.000.000 ProCredit Bank Georgia
) 1.3.2006 United Georgian Bank 3.000.000 ) 3.5.2006 Agricultural
Cooperative Bank of of Armenia 3.000.000 ) 11.5.2006 12.500.000 3
Procredit Ukraine ) 23.5.2006 23.000.000 7 RUSAL ARMENAL )
12.6.2006 2.000.000 AZERDEMIRYOLBANK . 2007, BSTDB : ) 11.1.2007
3.000.000 Inecobank 45. ) 25.1.2007, 5.000.000 NBD-Bank Nizhny
Novgorod ) 23.2.2007 18.000.000 Europlan leasing ) 23.2.2007
18.000.000 Kremikovtzi AD ) 18.4.2007 Center-Invest Bank 10.000.000
) 19.4.2007 9 18.000.000 GSM Avea ) 7.6.2007 3.000.000 CJSCEuroterm
) 18.6.2007 4.000.000 Banca Sociala ) 24.7.2007 14.000.000 OJSC
Concern Galnaftogaz ) 9.8.2007 36.000.000 7 NK Alfa-Nafta )
30.8.2007 550.000.000 UkrainianRailways ) 24.9.2007 1.500.000 Cartu
Bank ) 2.11.2007 21.000.000 NJSC Chornomornaftogaz ) 12.11.2007
OJSC Kreditprombank 10.000.000 , ) 6.12.2007 Technika Bank
8.000.000 6 . 17.1.2008 BSTDB 7.600.000 SASGroup LLC . 30.1.2008,
BSTDB Procredit Bank 10.000.000 . 7.2.2008, BSTDB Mobiasbanca
5.000.000 . 19.2.2008, BSTDB : ) 5.000.000 Armeconombank 5 , , )
3.000.000 Inecobank ) ) 8.000.000 Bank Standard ) 5.000.000 Unibank
5 , , ) 10.000.000 ProcreditBank . 28.2.2008 BSTDB 25.000.000 5
OJSC Bank Zenit. 29.2.2008, BSTDB 20.000.000 Credit Bank 6 .
3.3.2008, BSTDB URSA Bank 36.000.000 . 18.4.2008 BSTDB 25.000.000
Albtelecom Sh.A. (SPV) (Calik Energi Telekomunikasyon Hizmetleri
A.S (CETEL) Turk Telekomunikasyon A.S (TurkTelecom). EBRD
100.000.000 Albtelecom. 23.5 2008 BSTDB (VNESHECONOMBANK) .
(Memorandum of Understanding, MoU). , , . 30.5.2008 BSTDB
15.000.000 Slavinvestbank (SIB) 46. . Slavinvestbank 1994 , ,
ZAOEuroplan, NBD Bank Zenit Bank. 3.6.2008 BSTDB 12.000.000 Kapital
Bank . 8.6.2008 BSTDB 38.000.000 AKB Evrofinance Mosnarbank .
10.6.2008 BSTDB 20.000.0000 Bank Pivdennyi , . 18.6.2008 BSTDB
20.000.000 Krm International Ltd . 28 2008 BSTDB 3 14.500.000
Procredit Bank Bulgaria 6.000.000 2003. 19.9.2008 BSTDB 325.000.000
20.000.000 . Bayerische Landesbank (BayernLB), Emirates NBD
PJSC(Emirates NBD), Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A. (ISP) and Sumitomo
Mitsui Banking Corporation EuropeLimited (SMBCE). BSTDB. 7.10.2008
BSTDB Nordic InvestmentBank (NIB). , . 4.11.2008 BSTDB (Technical
Cooperation Special Fund) BSTDB. ( ) 500.000 . BSTDB . , , , .
BSTDB , , , , , . OesterreichischeKontrollbank AG (OeKB) .
18.9.2008 BSTDB 325.000.000 20.000.000 Bayerische Landesbank,
Emirates NBD PJSC, Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A Sumitomo Mitsui Banking
Corporation Europe Limited. . 28.4.2008 BSTDB Petrom S.A 25.000.000
7 . 475.000.000 (European Bank forReconstruction and Development,
EBRD) . , , .Black Thursday = 24 1929. , (what goes up, must come
down). T 12.900.000 4. . , , . 12.30 . J.P. Morgan andCompany . , ,
X broker J.P.Morgan and Company o U.S. Steel. 47. 195. O 10.000
205. 13.30. .Black Tuesday and the Great Depression = . 29 1929.
16.400.000 . 12%. . (the Great Depression) (1929 1940). 100 . (the
Great Stock Market Crash). To 1932 Dow Jones 41,22 381,17 , 89,2%.
22 . 5.500 , 40%, 50%, 2.000.000 17.000.000 30%, 50% 12 5 . 1933
NewDeal ( ). 11 2001 , United Airlines . . , .Black Wednesday = 16
1992. (ERM I) , 1.000.000.000 . 10% 15% 3.300.000.000 . 800.000.000
. ,, ERM I .Block trading = . 10.000 .log = (bloggers). internet .
blog , , , , , , , . , , (breaking-news outlet), internet
(collection of links), , 48. . , .Blue-chip stock = Blue-chips
(top-class credit ratings), , , , . . . . , blue-chips , .Bluetooth
= , , . Bluetooth , , FAX / . chip 2.45 GHz. 1 2 . , 10 . , , .
(car bluetoothheadset) . .Bolero (Bill of Lading Electronic
Registry Organisation) = . 1994. Bolero 1998 . Bolero.net 1999.
Bolero International Limited, (joint venture) SWIFT TT Club (
Transport Mutual Insurance Association Limited). Bolero Association
Limited, .Bond = . . . ( yield curve) (, ). (face or par value),
(coupon rate) (interestor coupon period). H (zero-coupon bonds)
(coupon bonds).A : Accrual bond = . Accumulation discounted bonds =
. , , , . 49. Aussie bond = . Authority bond = . . Bear bond = .
Bearer bond = . . . Blanket bond = . (brokers) . Book-entry bond =
. . Brady bonds = Nicholas Brady. 10 30 . . (warrants) . . Brady
1980 . (collateral) . ulldog bond = . Bullet bond = (non callable
bond or puttable bond), . . Bunds = . Callable bond = . O .
Collateral bond = (collateral). H . Commodity-backed bond = .
(hedge) . Compound interest bond or C - bond = () . Convertible
bond = . : Vanilla convertible bond = . . Exchangeable (XB) bond =
. . Mandatory convertible bond = . . . Mandatory exchangeable bond
= . . 50. . Contingent convertible bond (co-co) = . . OCEANEs
(Obligation Convertible En Actions Nouvelles ou Existantes) = . .
Convertible preferred stock (or Convertible preference shares in
the United Kingdom) = . (lower seniority) . . SPV (Special Purpose
Vehicle) convertible bond = (SPV). SPV (holding company).
Going-public bond = . , (Balladur bond). Hybrid bond . Corporate
bond = . Coupon bond = . . . , discount notes zero coupon notes .
Covered bonds = . Covered bonds. Cushion bond = . De-leveraged bond
= . . Discount bond = . Double currency bond = . Double-dated bond
= . . Fidelity bond = . . , . Fixed rate bond = . . Floating rate
bond or note = . Euribor, Libor, HICP, CPI. (index-linked bonds).
(inflation indexed bonds) TIPS ( ). 51. General obligation bond = .
. Gilts = . Guaranteed income bond = . / . Housing bond = . . , , .
Income bond = . . Indexed bond = . ( Inflation Linked Bonds).
Insurance bond = . nvestment-grade bond = . BBB Standard &
Poors Baa MoodysInvestors Service. Irredeemables, perpetuals or
consols = . Junk bond = (S & P) (Moodys) . . Junior bonds = .
Kiwi bond = . Long bond = , 30 (benchmark index). Lottery bond = .
. Mortgage bond = . . , . Mortgage Backed Securities, MBS.
Municipal bond = . Participating bond = . . Pickup bond = (callable
bond) . (redemptionpremium). Premium bond = . Privilege bond = .
(warrants). Puttable bond = . Registered bond = . -. 52. (bearer
bond) . Reorganization bonds = . Samurai bond = . . Savings bond =
. 50 10.000 . .Securitised bonds = (asset-backed securities (ABS),
mortgage backed securities (MBS) . Series bond = . :Series EE bonds
= 50% . , 6 . . , . . 50 10.000 . . EE 30 . , ( ) .Series HH bonds
= . 500 10.000 . 6 20 . 10 . 10 .Series I bonds = : ) ) . 6 . 6. 30
3 5 . Shogun bond = . Short bond = . Sour bond = . Sovereign or
government bonds = . Step Up bond = . , . Straight or plain vanilla
or fixed rate or bullet bond = . 53. . . Strip bonds = . , .
Subordinated bond = . , , . Surety bond = . . . , surety bond . Tax
deferred bonds = . Variable rate bonds = Floating rate bond. War
bond = . . (national defense bond). Zero-coupon bonds = . , . . O .
(corporate bonds). :) fixed-charged debentures = , )
floating-charge debentures = ) debentures = . (domestic bonds)
(foreign bonds). . , , ,. :1) (fixed-rate bonds) 3, 5, 7, 10, 15
20, 30 40. 23.2.1998 2 2) (savings certificates) 44.000 . :3)
(floating-rate bonds) 3, 5 7 . (spread) . O 19974) (zero-coupon
bonds), 1997 5) (privatisation bonds). O 1998 3 5 . O 54. 1.1.1999
6) (Consumer Price Index - linkedbonds). 4% . 19.5.1997. 23
12.7.2002 16.4.2007 29.1.2008 22 (HarmonisedIndex of Consumer
Prices, HICP)7) (foreign currency - linked bonds). 1987 . 1995 1997
.. . 1.1.2001 8) (structural bonds). 2005 . . (liquidity risk)
(market risk)9) (syndicated loans) 2009, 3, 5 10 .10) (tax-free
bonds). 2009 . .Bond market = . , .Bond trader = . dealer , (spot
market), (forward market), (futures) repos and reverse repos.Bond
yield = . . , internal rate of return, .Book building = . ( Initial
Public Offer, IPO). . . . , , . , : book runner. . , (syndicate
member) . bidding . 5 . 55. . . book runner , , : ) ) ) . book
runner . , .Book entry system = (.. ) . , .Book value = . . . . H
book value , . H book value ( ) marketvalue ( ) .Bottom up =
.Bourses Blue-Chip Indexes = . TopixCore 30 index , FTSE-100 ,
Xetra Dax-30 , CAC-40 , Milan Mib-30 , Amsterdam Exchanges-25, o
AustrianTraded Atx-20 , BEL-20 , Hex-20 , Ibex-35 , Omx-31 ,
SMIO-21 , OBX Stock - 25 Hong Seng Stock-23 . blue-chip index
"Dow-Jones 30" ( ). FTSE/ASE-20 (FinancialTimes Stock Exchange /
Athens Stock Exchange). 20 . 1997 FTSE International. 6 . 15% 100%.
FTSE/ASE-20 o FTSE/XAA 40, o FTSE/XAA SMALLCAP 80, OFTSE/Med 100
(general index) 60 , .Break-Even Point, BEP = option BEP .Breakout
= ( ) ( ). 56. .reach = , . .Bretton Woods agreement = . 1944, , ,
: (IMF) , (World Bank). . , 35 / .O 1%. , . 1969-1970. . O 1971
Smithsonian Agreement. 2,25% 4,5% 9%.BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India
and China) = , , . . 4 , . , , .Brilliant Uncirculated, U = .
.Broadband = . (bandwidth) . .Broadband networks = . , , . , , . ,
(.) 55.000.000 . 13 2007. 19.000.000 . 62 . 20% 30% , , 10% 24 27
.. , 2007 108% 2006 488.000 2006 1.017.000 2007. 53% 47% . 57. 2006
374, 512 1.024 kbps 82,7% 374 bps. 2008 60,70% 1 24 bps. 29.1.2009
() 2008 5-6 . 1.017.000 2007 1.506.614 2008 50%. 13,4% .. , 2008
48,1%. (1.506.614), 1 2009 184.625 .Broadcast = 1) .
(Emailmessages). multicasting . 2) , .Broker = . . O (brokerage
fee) . broker : execution service only = . broker . , (the best
price). , advisory service = . O broker discretionary broking = .
broker . broker . .Brokerage house = (brokers) (futures) (options
on futures) .Broker dealer = - . (broker) , broker dealer .
.Browser = , Internet. HTML Internet . (interface) . 1990, browsers
Netscape Navigator 90% Microsoft Internet Explorer . Mosaic FireFox
Lynx. , Microsoft InternetExplorer 80% Netscape Navigator 0,6% 1
2008 Navigator 9 browser . 16% 58. Firefox 17.6.2008 Firefox 3
Opera 9,50. , .Buba = DeutscheBundesbank.Bubble = .Budget of the
European Union = o E . T 1970 3,6 . ECU (19 ECU ) 2000 93 . (250 ).
O : 1) 41 . (44%) 2) 33 . (35%). To 2005, 25 , 109,5 . . 2000-2006
1 AE 75% 2 3. T T 8% 3) 6,5%. E , , , 4) 5,1%. E 5) , , 32.000 4,7.
5%. 2008 27 , 129,1 : (sustainable growth), (competitiveness),
(education), (research), (social policy) = 58 . (cohesion),
(convergence), (regionalcompetitiveness), (employment) = 46,9 .
(natural resources), (environment), (agriculture and fisheries) =
55 . , (freedom, security and justice) = 0,7 . (citizenship),
(culture), (media), (public health), (consumer protection) = 0,6 .
. (the EU as a global partner), (pre-assession), (European
neighbourhood), (humanitarian aid), (democracy and human rights) =
7,3 . (administration), (European Commission), . (other EU
institutions) = 7,3 . (compensations to new EU countries = 0,2 ..
2008 67% , 16% (), 16% , 1% . 18.12.2008, 2009 116,096 () 0,89% .
45% 60 , , . (research), 2008 11% (innovation) 22%. (agriculture
and fisheries) 40% 40 59. (environment), 2,9%. , 13,6 . . (the EU
as a global partner), 0,6 1 . , 12 (competitiveness), 12 , 1
(Lifelong Learning Programme) (Cohesion Fund) 48,5 . O . :)
(traditional own resources) = . E ) the harmonised VAT (Value Added
Tax) = (A) 35% 2000 1% 0,75% 2002 0,50% 2004. 2008 16% ) the
application of a rate to the sum of all the Member States GNPs, GNP
resource = 2000 50% 2008 67%) other revenue = . E.E, . (own
resources) 1,27% AE E.E. H : 1) E E 2) E 3) E K . . E EK . H E E .
, . O E . E K .Buffer = H/Y , .. H/Y . , buffer / (hardware)
(software) . . . .Bug = /. (software error) (hardware error) . . /
(crash) . . 1945 60. / Mark II Aiken RelayCalculator .Building
society = . Building Societies Act 1986 , , . , building societies
.Bullion = ( 99,5%) .Bullion coin = ( (gold), (silver), (platinum)
(palladium), (iridium), (rhodium), (osmium) (ruthnium). . , . .Bull
market = (bull market) . . .Buoyant market = . .Business case = . .
, , .Business Continuity Management, BCM = . . : , , , , , , , , ,
, . BCM (disaster recovery) . (business recovery), 61. (business
resumption), (contingency plan) (crisis management). , BCM . ,
(Recovery Time Objectif, RTO) (Maximum Tolerable Outage, MTO) . ,
(tests) .Business cycle = . . 4, 5 10 . . O .. () 20 30, 1990-1992
1998-2003 1991-2000. , (.. ) . - , .Business risk = . , .,
(marked-to-market). (market risk) (business risk) . . (business
plans) . , (book-value accounting) . . : (earnings risk) . . . ,
(cash flow risk) . . , . .Butterfly spread = (options) options
(expiration date) . ) call option( ) ) put option ( ) ) call put
62. option . (underlyinginstrument) .Buy-back = . : ) ) (credit
rating) ) ) , ) . short long.Buy-in = .Buy-in management buy-out,
BIMBO = . , . , -, (management) . (venture capital).Buyout =
.Buy/Sell Back - Sell/Buy Back (BSB SBB) = ( ) ( ) . Dollar Rolls.
repos . , , spot (substitution of collateral). , (variation
margins)., . Buy/Sell - Sell/Buy repos reverse repos :) ) ( spot
forward) ) ) . ) (Master Repurchase Agreements) 63. ) .uy side
firms and Sell side firms = Direct Market Access (DMA).Byte = .
byte 8 bits. T byte : 1 kilobyte (KB) = 1.024 bytes 1 megabyte (MB)
=1.024 kilobytes 1.048.576 bytes 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1.024 megabytes
1.073.741.824 bytes 1 terabyte (TB) = 1.024 gigabytes
1.099.511.627.776 bytes 1 petabyte (PB) = 1.024 terabytes
1.125.899.906.842.624 bytes 1 exabyte (EB) = 1.024 petabytes
1.152.921.504.606.846.976 bytes 1 zettabyte (ZB) = 1.024 exabytes
1.180.591.620.717.411.303.424 bytes 1 yottabyte (YB) = 1.024
zettabytes 1.208.925.819.614.629.174.706.176 bytes. 64. CCable
modem = .CAC (Cotation assiste en continu) 40 index = 40 (Compagnie
nationale des Agents de Change). (real-time) . CAC. SBF 120 SBF
250.Cache = . / . / (CPU, Central Processing Unit) CPU . . . CPU
128KB . 512. , , , . Internet Explorer , cache .Calendar spread = .
(options) options (same asset class), .Callable bond, callable
deposit and callable interest-rate swap = , . , , . . Libor
Euribor. , , . (callable interest-rate swap) , , .Call accounts =
24 .Call date = , , .Call money = . . . 65. Call notice deposits =
24 .Call premium = .CAM, Computer-Aided Manufacturing = /. , , ,
.Candlestick chart = . 1.600. . , . . (Japanese candlesticks), .
(open) (close) (real body). (black body) . (white body) . Y
(shadows). (high) (low) . To high low . , . . . . , , . , , .CAP =
Common Agricultural Policy.Cap = . 66. . , (FRN, Floating Rate
Note) (ARM, Adjustable RateMortgage) . , Libor + 1% 5% 8%,
5%.Capacity utilisation rate = . . (actual output) (potential
output). , . , 85%, . 70% .Capital Asset Pricing Model, CAPM = . ,
1964 1965 . . CAPM risk premium ( ) . , , . CAPM : ra = rf + ba (rm
rf ) rf (Risk free rate), ba (Beta, ) rm . CAPM : 1) : ) (standard
deviation) ) short sales ) , (variances) (covariances) ) (price
takers) . 2) . 3) . 4) . 5) .Capital gain and capital loss = .
Capital gain . , . 10 14 4 . . 99 102 . . , . 20.000 300.000
280.000 . Capital loss . (, ). 67. Capital market = . . , , , . - ,
: , . . . , , , , , , , , , (brokers) .Carat = . 1) . 0,2. 2) . 24
. 18 75%, 14 58% 9 37,5%.Card Payment Scheme, CPS = . , .
(oversight of paymentsystems) , .Caribbean Development Bank, CDB =
. 1969 , . , , , . :) 18 (Regionalmembers), , :, , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , .) 1974, 1978 1982 (Other Regional Members or
Regional Non-Borrowing Members), , ) (Non regional,
Non-Borrowingmembers) . , , , . CDB : ) ) . 68. CDB (Board of
Governors) (Board of Directors) 17 . , , . CDB 99 11 98 .Carry =
(cost of financing). . , (underwriting or trading position). carry
. . carry .Carry trade = . . . , 100.000 4%. 5,50%. carry trade : )
. ) . carry tradecurrencies 2006 ( 0,25%) (1,25% 2,25%) : (5,25%),
(5%), (6,25%), (4,25%) (7,25%), (3,50%) (3%). , .Cartel = . cartel
. cartel (OPEC, Organization of PetroleumExporting Countries,
).Cash and carry = . long , short (underlying instrument) (future)
long. , future . future .Cash and economic approach = .Cash or
value date or settlement approach , . spot .Economic or trade date
approach , . 69. 1.1.2007 , .Cash Card = . . (ATMs, Automatic
Teller Machines) (, , , , ) . , , . , ().Cash equivalents = . . , ,
180.Cash flow = . . , . , . , , . , . , . , , .Cash-in machines,
CIM = . . . Depositing/cash-in machines.Cash management = . , .
.Cash market = . : ) (spot) ) ) (futures). 70. Cash on delivery,
COD = . , .Cash or title option, COTO = .
(countercyclicalstrategy). , .Cash-recycling machines, CRM = . . ,
, , . , CRM .CD = Certificate of Deposit.CD-ROM and DVD-ROM = 1)
CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory) ( ) . 650 , 450 2)
DVD-ROM(Digital Video Disk - Read Only Memory Digital Versatile
Disk -Read Only Memory) 17 , 38 CD-ROM.CEDEFOP = (CentreEuropen
pour le Dvelopment de la Formation Professionnelle EuropeanCentre
for the Development of Vocational Training). 1975 1995 . . . ,, . .
, (UNICE), (ETYC) ( ) . CEDEFOP :1) 2) 3) 4) CEDEFOP, , 5) CEDEFOP
(www.trainingvillage) (European Training Village).CEDEL (Centrale
de livraison de valeurs mobilires) = 1970 . 2000 (Deutsche Brse)
Clearstream ( ).CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement) = .
21.12.1992 2004. , , . 1996 , 1997 1999 . 2004 2007 71. . , CEFTA
2002, FYROM 2006 2007 , , , , o UNMIK(United Nations Mission in
Kosovo). 2005, , (association agreement) CEFTA. CEFTA , , , , , , ,
, .Ceiling = . : interest rate ceiling = (adjustable rate mortgage,
ARM) exchange rate ceiling = loan legal maximum interest rate =
.Cellular telephone = . . (cell transmitter) .Central Bank
Counterfeit Deterrence Group, CBCDG = . 2000 10 (G10). 31 . , , ()
. CBCDG . (Counterfeit Deterrence System) . (International
Counterfeit Deterrence Centre, ICDC) CBCDG. ., ICDC CBCDG.Central
Bank Gold Agreement = . 1999 2004: , Washington Agreement onGold,
WAG, 26 1999 26.9.2004. 1) : 2) Oesterreichische Nationalbank 3)
Banca dItalia 4) Banque deFrance 5) Banco do Portugal 6)
Schweizerische Nationalbank 7) Banque Nationale de 72. Belgique 8)
Banque centrale du Luxembourg 9) Deutsche Bundesbank 10) Banco de
Espaa11) Bank of England 12) Suomen Pankki 13) De Nederlandsche
Bank 14) Central Bank ofIreland ( 1 2003 Central Bank and Financial
ServicesAuthority of Ireland) 15) Sveriges Riksbank. , WAG . 85%
(veto). : , , . 400 2.000 , (gold leasings) (gold futures) (gold
options) , . 2004 2009: , 8 2004, 14 27 2004. , . 22.2.2006
8.3.2004. 25.1.2008 . , 2008 8 2004 : European Central Bank,
BankaSlovenije, Banca dItalia, Banco de Espaa, Banco de Portugal,
,Banque centrale du Luxembourg, Banque de France, Banque Nationale
de Belgique,Deutsche Bundesbank, Central Bank and Financial
Services Authority of Ireland, , Central Bank of Malta, De
Nederlandsche Bank, OesterreichischeNationalbank, Suomen Pankki,
Schweizerische Nationalbank, Sveriges Riksbank. 1999 : 400 500
2.000 2.500 . 1999 . 27.9.2004, 31.3.2006 (27.9.2004 26.9.2005 57
.Central bank independence = . (.) 1998 . : institutional
independence ( ): . () () ( , , , , , ). , 73. ) ) ,, ) ) ) .,
personal independence ( ): , (. ) . (serious misconduct). ,
functional independence ( ): O . financial independence ( ): 1) .
(further calls) , 2) . .Central Counterparty = . .Central Credit
Register (CCR) = . , .Central Processing Unit = CPU.CEO = Chief
Executive Officer.Central Securities Depository (CSD) = . , . ,
(collateral) . . . 74. Certificate of Deposit (CD) = . . . , , . ,
. , , , 1 12 . . . : Bull CD = . Brokerage or brokered CD = .
(broker), , . , 1% Domestic CD = . . Euro CD = . , Euro CDs . Euro
CDs . Eurodollar CD = . . , CSs . tap CSs tranche CSs . Foreign CD
= CD. . , (Yankee CD). Jumbo CD = 90.000. , , , . CDs. Negotiable
CD = . CD , , . . Lock up CD = CD. . , . Term CD = . . Variable -
rate CD = . CD (on rolldates) .Certificate of origin = . ( ) . . .
75. Ceteris paribus = . . . , , ceteris paribus, , . , ,
.Changeover weekend = . O .O , 31 1998 , 3 1999. , . 31.12.98 . . O
, . 3.1.99 6 .. . 4.1.99. 30.12.2000 1.1.2001. HT () 2.1.2001 2I
2001 . . T . M T, . E EPMH EPMH EPMH, 2I 2001 . M EPMH T, E, . O T,
. T T EKT. M , T M 2.1.2001 H A T (HAT) , .Charge Card = . . , , /
. .Chart = , . , , . 76. Chartist = (charts) , , .Cheapest to
deliver bond (CTD) = . (future) . , , .Check truncation = . . ( , ,
) . , .Cheque = . . (issuer or drawer), (payee or bearer) (payer or
drawee). , , , , , , . . . , . : account cheque or for deposit only
cheque = . for deposit only. . bank cheque = . blank cheque = . . .
certified cheque = . cheque without cover = . N.S.F Cheque (Not
Sufficient Funds). , common cheque = crossed cheque = . : 1)
(general lining) 2) (special lining) , 77. utstanding check = . .
personalized cheque = . / postal cheque = . postdated cheque = . ,
. . 28 5960/1933 , . , , , . 1957/1991: . , , () 1.4.2006
1.10.2006. , . , . private cheque = . () public Treasury cheque = .
, , stale dated cheque = , . . , third guarantor cheque = .
travellers cheque = . . , , . , , .Cheque Guarantee Cards = . .
(eurocheque). .Chicago PMI (Purchasing Managers Index) = 10.00 .
Chicago Purchasing Managers Association 200 . 50. 50 50 . , , , , ,
.Chief Accounting Officer, CAO = , 78. . (CEO) .Chief
Administrative Officer, CAO = . . (CEO). , , .Chief Analytics
Officer, CAO = . , , (CEO). , , , .Chief Compliance Officer, CCO =
. (money laundering) ., . . (CEO) .Chief Executive Officer, CEO = .
. : (executive board) (supervisory board) . CEO executive board
supervisoryboard o chairman.Chief Financial Officer, CFO = . E , ,
, , . (CEO) . CFO , , , .Chief Information Officer, CIO = . (CEO),
, . . , . , . , .Chief Legal Officer, CLO = . 79. (CEO). . .Chief
Marketing Officer, CMO = . (CEO) , , , . , .Chief Operating
Officer, COO = (day-to-date) . . . , . , , . (CEO) . . CEO .Chief
Strategy Officer, CSO = . (CEO) . ) , ) ) .Chief Technical Officer,
CTO = . . , ., (ChiefInformation Officer) . (CEO). CTO .Chinese
wall = . , . , . (traders, dealers) 80. (investment bankers)
(inside information)., (Corporate Finance) (FundManagement). . ,
.Chip = . . .Chip card = (integrated circuit card, ICcard) (smart
card). , ().Classic and Electron Card = . , , (shopping
protection), .Classical Global Note, CGN = Global bonds.Clean
credit = . .Clean price = . .Clearing House = . . , . .Clearstream
= . 1970 CEDEL. 2000 Clearstream Deutsche Brse Clearing AG Deutsche
BrseGroup. Clearstream 2.500 : ) ( ) (, ) ) , ) ) (collateral
management).Client = . / / /. (PC workstation) (server) . . O H/
host (host PC, hostserver, host Internet).Client / Server
architecture = . (, server) 81. H/Y (clients). O , . O .Close a
position = . long position short position.Closed-end fund, CEF = .
. , . , CEF . , CEF . , .Close-end credit = , , , .Close links = .
: ) , , 20% ) .CLS = Continuous Linked Settlement.Clustering = /.
H/Y (server) / servers , . cluster (sub-servers). (database
sub-server) (application sub-server). sub-server , sub-server .
servers .CME Group (Chicago Mercantile Exchange Group) = , 2007
(merger) 2008 NYMEX:1) Chicago Mercantile Exchange Holdings Inc.,
CME. 1898 Chicago Butter and Egg Board 1919 Chicago Mercantile
Exchange. . . . , . , CME (futures) (options on futures). , OTC 250
industrialstock price index S & P 100 and 500 index, . 2006,
1,406 827 . 82. 2) Chicago Board of Trade, CBOT. 1848 (futures)
(options on futures). 3.600/ 50 futures options. 2006, 805.884.000
. CBOT . , (,), . 9.7.2007 CME 11,6 . CME Group . 29 2007. .3) New
York Mercantile Exchange, NYMEX. 17.3.2008 CMEGroup, , NYMEX. CME
Group NYMEX 0,1323 36 NYMEX. NYMEX 19% . , . NYMEX Globex
CME.COBOL, Common Business-Oriented Language = . / , , . 1959 .
1990 (object-orientation) 2002.Co-branded card = ) ) . . . : ) )
.Collar = 1) cap ( ) floor ( )2) (Floating-Rate Note, FRN)
(Adjustable-Rate Mortgage, ARM). , 3) call option long put option
long stock. (options) .4) (Collateralised Mortgage Obligation, CMO)
collar , yield , . 83. Collateral = . , (cash collateral), (bond
collateral), , . . (cllaterisation) . . , collateral . (financial
collateral) , .Collateral systems = (). :) pooling system: , )
earmarking system: . .Collateralised Debt Obligation (CDO) = .
(collateralised) (sub-prime mortgage loans), . , CDOs (tranches) .
, . 2006, CDOs 503 .Collateralised Loan Obligation (CLO) = .
(collateralised) . collateral (Special Purpose Vehicle, SPV, ) .
(tranches). . CLOs .Collateralised Mortgage Obligation (CMO) =
(mortgage-backed security). (MBS) pass throughsecurities ( ). CMO
15 30 . / (prepayment risk) . MBS. . , . , . 84. Collateral
substitution = . . .Collateral threshold = . . . , (Interest Rate
Swap, IRS) (Currency Swap, CS) (collateral) 20.000 (credit rating)
10.000 credit rating + .Comfort letter = .Comitology = , ,
.Commercial Paper (CP) = . o (unsecured) , , , 30 270 . , dealers .
(collateral) (credit rating) CPs. . CPs , , . CP, 4 : (promissory
note), (draft), (check) (certificate of deposit, CD). CP (Euro
commercial papers, ECPs). . : ) . ) (dealer) . dealer . CP . 1986.
50 . O CPs . 85. , . . , , . , (Special Purpose Vehicle, SPV),
.Commingling = , , (broker) . brokers .Commission = .Committee of
European Banking Supervisors, CEBS = . 2004/5/EC 5 2003. : ) . ) .
o / (financial stability) ) . . ( , ) . CEBS: 1) 2) . 3) . CEBS ,
(stress testing) (standards on outsourcing). 23 2009 2009/78 EC
(Commission Decision of 23 January 2009 establishing the
Committeeof European Banking Supervisors) 2004/5/EC 5 2003 .
(financial stability) 2007 - 2009. , : CEBS (European Commission)
(financial conglomerates) CEBS , (non-bindingguidelines,
recommendations and standards) CEBS .. 86. , CEBS (mediate or
facilitatemediation) , (opinions) , , , , , CEBS , CEBS ,
(Committee of European Securities Regulators), (Committee of
European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Supervisors) (Banking
Supervision Committee (BSC) of the European System of Central
Banks) CEBS , , , . CEBS (financial conglomerates) (Committee of
European Insurance and OccupationalPensions Supervisors)
(JointCommittee on Financial Conglomerates). CEBS , . CEBS . CEBS .
, . CEBS . CEBS , . CEBS , . CEBS (by consensus). , (qualified
majority). .Committee of European Insurance and Occupational
Pensions Supervisors, CEIOPS = . 87. 2004/6/EC 5 2003 2009/178/EC
23 2009 . (financial stability) 2007 - 2009. , : (Committee of
European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Supervisors) (European
Commission) , , (financialconglomerates) , (non-bindingguidelines,
recommendations and standards) , .. , (mediate or facilitate
mediation) , (opinions) , , , , , , , , (Committee of European
Securities Regulators), (Committee of European BankingSupervisors,
CEBS) (Banking Supervision Committee (BSC) of the European System
ofCentral Banks) , , , , , . , . . E K (Joint Committee on
FinancialConglomerates). E , 88. , . ,, . . , . . , . , .
(EuropeanInsurance and Occupational Pensions Committee)
2004/9/EC/7.1.2004 . (by consensus). , (qualified majority).
.Committee of European Securities Regulators, CESR = . 2001/527/EC
6 2001 2009/176/EC 23 2009 . (financial stability) 2007 - 2009. , :
(Committee of European Securities Regulators) (European Commission)
(, securities) (financial conglomerates) , (non-bindingguidelines,
recommendations and standards)