LEXICAL INTERFACE 4 OCT 30, 2015 – DAY 27 Brain & Language LING 4110-4890-5110-7960 NSCI 4110-4891-6110 Fall 2015
LEXICAL INTERFACE 4OCT 30, 2015 – DAY 27
Brain & LanguageLING 4110-4890-5110-7960NSCI 4110-4891-6110Fall 2015
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Course organization• Schedule:
• http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/BrLg/t1-Intro.html#schedule-of-topics
• Today's chapter:• http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/BrLg/t17-LexicalInterface.html
• Fun with https://www.facebook.com/BrLg15/
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GradesQ1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6
MIN 6 5 5 4 7 3AVG 9.0 8.8 8.8 8.4 9.2 7.5MAX 10 10 10 10 10 10
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THE LEXICAL INTERFACE 2
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The lexical interface
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Areas ~ hubs ~ effects = sensorimotor semantics
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Hypotheses
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STS phonological net
p(MTG+ITS)lexical interface
a(MTG+ITS)combinatorial net 1
aIFGcombinatorial net 2
STS phonological net
action words, toolsmotor + somato cortex
a(MTG+ITS)combinatorial net 1 ???
aIFGcombinatorial net 2 ???
imageable wordsmedial temporal gyrus
imageable wordsmedial temporal gyrus
Hickok & Poeppel, symbolic?
Pulvermüller, sensorimotor or embodied
‘To prime the pump’• ‘The facilitatory effect that presentation of an item can have on the response to a subsequent item’
• usually measured in terms of reaction time
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Features as a network 2excitation, inhibition
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human female
mature
manwoman
boy
girl
mare
colt
Activation of ‘man’ will still wind up activating ‘female’, but inhibition will now turn it off.
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Features as a network 3excitation, inhibition
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human female
mature
manwoman
boy
girl
mare
colt
In cortex, long-distance connections are excitatory,
while short-distance connections are inhibitory.
Activation of ‘man’ will wind up activating ‘female’, but inhibition of ‘woman’ will turn it off.
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Feature network for animatesexcitation, mutually reinforcing activation (excitation)
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head
camelcrocodile
duckpenguin
zebratorso
legs
humpeyes
bill
stripes
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Inanimate vs. animate, side by side
Inanimate
• few overlapping and inter-correlated features,
• relatively more distinctive features,
• and they tend to be more strongly correlated with one another.
• ∴ inanimate concepts are less easy to confuse with one another.
Animate
• many overlapping and inter-correlated features (legs, eyes, teeth),
• few distinctive features (mane, hump, pouch),
• and they are only weakly correlated with one another.
• ∴ animate concepts are easy to confuse with one another.
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Problem• Correlated feature theory cannot account for other
patterns of impairment, such as cases in which artifacts are more poorly identified than living things.
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Sensory/functional theory• Knowledge of objects organized into:
• networks of sensory features: form, motion, color, taste, etc., and • networks of functional features: how, when, and where the object is
typically used.• A CSSD arises when one of these networks is disrupted
• animates are mostly comprised of sensory features; • inanimates are mostly comprised of functional features. (??)
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LEXICAL SEMANTICS 4Prototype theory
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Which is best example of a bird?
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Results
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Levels of categorization• On a scale of 1 to 7, rate the following items as a good example of the category furniture.
• 1 chair • 1 sofa • 3 couch • 3 table • 5 easy chair • 6 dresser • 6 rocking chair • 8 coffee table • 9 rocker • 10 love seat • 11 chest of drawers • 12 desk • 13 bed
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Hierarchy of categories
domain level|
basic or prototype
|subordinate
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Basic is special1. Response Times: in which queries involving a
prototypical member (e.g. is a robin a bird?) elicited faster response times than for non-prototypical members (e.g. is a penguin a bird?) .
2. Priming: When primed with the higher-level (superordinate) category, subjects were faster in identifying if two words are the same. Thus, after flashing furniture, the equivalence of chair-chair is detected more rapidly than stove-stove.
3. Exemplars: When asked to name a few exemplars, the more prototypical items came up more frequently.
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Basic is really special• 1) It is the highest level at which a single mental image
can represent the entire category (you can’t get a mental image of vehicle or furniture).
• 2) It is the highest level at which category members have a similarly perceived overall shape.
• 3) It is the highest level at which a person uses similar motor actions for interacting with category members.
• 4) It is the level at which most of our knowledge is organized.
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Dual pathways in vision
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The what / ventral pathway (Palmeri & Gauthier 2004)
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Final project• Improve a Wikipedia article about any of the topics
mentioned in class or any other topic broadly related to neurolinguistics.
• Write a short essay explaining what you did and why you did it.
• Print the article before you improve it, highlighting any subtractions.
• Print the article after you improve it, highlighting your additions.
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NEXT TIMEP7Lateralization of word semantics
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