1 1 Andreas Schleicher Shanghai, 22 September 2011 Leveraging evidence for better education policies Leveraging evidence for better education policies OECD’s Contribution to Education Development Shanghai 21 September 2011 Andreas Schleicher Advisor of the Secretary-General on Education Policy
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Leveraging evidence for better education policies (OECD’s Contribution to Education Development)
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Leveraging evidence for better education
policiesOECD’s Contribution to Education Development
Shanghai21 September 2011
Andreas SchleicherAdvisor of the Secretary-General on Education Policy
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Turning evidence into policies
Policy objectives/
context
Evidence base
Delivery reality
• Do we understand the policy objectives • What countries care about,
what they intend to do about it and how they define success
• Do we understand the policy context and can we anticipate its future development ?
• Do we understand the strategic requirements for change?
• Are these• Technically feasible?• Politically and socially
suitable?• Robust and cost-effective?
• Do we understand the delivery challenge and delivery capacity? • Nature and size of the
barriers that systems face to deliver reform goals
• Can what works in one country by done in another by real people in real situations?
• Avoiding big time and energy traps?
• Do we understand past and present performance vis a vis the policy goals as well as the drivers of performance and their underlying system activities?
• What is added value of international comparisons?
Dimensions of evidence
National educ, social and economic context
Structures, resource alloc
and policies
Social & economic
outcomes of education
Community and school
characteristics
Student learning, teacher working
conditions
Socio-economic background of
learners
Antecedentscontextualise or
constrain ed policy
The learning environment at
school
Teaching, learning
practices and classroom
climate
Individ attitudes, engagement and
behaviour
Output and performance of
institutions
Quality of instructional
delivery
Quality and distribution of knowledge &
skills
Policy Leversshape educational
outcomes
Outputs and Outcomes
impact of learning
Individual learner
LevelA
Instructional settings
LevelB
Schools, other institutions
LevelC
Country or system
LevelD
Domain 3Domain 2Domain 1
National educ, social and economic context
Structures, resource alloc
and policies
Social & economic
outcomes of education
Community and school
characteristics
Student learning, teacher working
conditions
Socio-economic background of
learners
Antecedentscontextualise or
constrain ed policy
The learning environment at
school
Teaching, learning
practices and classroom
climate
Individ attitudes, engagement and
behaviour
Output and performance of
institutions
Quality of instructional
delivery
Quality and distribution of knowledge &
skills
Policy Leversshape educational
outcomes
Outputs and Outcomes
impact of learning
Individual learner
LevelA
Instructional settings
LevelB
Schools, other institutions
LevelC
Country or system
LevelD
Domain 3Domain 2Domain 1
Dimensions of evidence
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Changing demands on education
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Then Now
Learning a place Learning an activity
Prescription Informed profession
Delivered wisdom User-generated wisdom
Uniformity Embracing diversity
Conformity Ingenious
Curriculum-centred Learner-centred
Provision Outcomes
Bureaucratic look-up Devolved – look outwards
Management Leadership
Public vs private Public with private
Culture as obstacle Culture as capital
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Unabated educational expansion
88 1
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2011
Counci
lKey fi
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om
the 2
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dit
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AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaChileCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
A world of change – higher education
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
1995
Expe
ndit
ure
per
stud
ent
at t
ertia
ry le
vel (
USD
)
Tertiary-type A graduation rate
Graduate supply
Cost
per
stu
den
t
99 1
6 S
ep
tem
ber
2011
Counci
lKey fi
nd
ing
s fr
om
the 2
01
1 e
dit
ion o
fEd
uca
tion a
t a G
lance
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaChileCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
A world of change – higher education
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
1995
Expe
ndit
ure
per
stud
ent
at t
ertia
ry le
vel (
USD
)
Tertiary-type A graduation rate
Graduate supply
Cost
per
stu
den
t
United States
Finland
Japan
1010 1
6 S
ep
tem
ber
2011
Counci
lKey fi
nd
ing
s fr
om
the 2
01
1 e
dit
ion o
fEd
uca
tion a
t a G
lance
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaChileCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
A world of change – higher education
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
2000
Expe
ndit
ure
per
stud
ent
at t
ertia
ry le
vel (
USD
)
Tertiary-type A graduation rate
United Kingdom
1111 1
6 S
ep
tem
ber
2011
Counci
lKey fi
nd
ing
s fr
om
the 2
01
1 e
dit
ion o
fEd
uca
tion a
t a G
lance
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaChileCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
A world of change – higher education
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
2001
Expe
ndit
ure
per
stud
ent
at t
ertia
ry le
vel (
USD
)
Tertiary-type A graduation rate
Australia
1212 1
6 S
ep
tem
ber
2011
Counci
lKey fi
nd
ing
s fr
om
the 2
01
1 e
dit
ion o
fEd
uca
tion a
t a G
lance
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaChileCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
A world of change – higher education
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
2002
Expe
ndit
ure
per
stud
ent
at t
ertia
ry le
vel (
USD
)
Tertiary-type A graduation rate
1313 1
6 S
ep
tem
ber
2011
Counci
lKey fi
nd
ing
s fr
om
the 2
01
1 e
dit
ion o
fEd
uca
tion a
t a G
lance
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaChileCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
A world of change – higher education
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
2003
Expe
ndit
ure
per
stud
ent
at t
ertia
ry le
vel (
USD
)
Tertiary-type A graduation rate
1414 1
6 S
ep
tem
ber
2011
Counci
lKey fi
nd
ing
s fr
om
the 2
01
1 e
dit
ion o
fEd
uca
tion a
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lance
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaChileCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
A world of change – higher education
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
2004
Expe
ndit
ure
per
stud
ent
at t
ertia
ry le
vel (
USD
)
Tertiary-type A graduation rate
1515 1
6 S
ep
tem
ber
2011
Counci
lKey fi
nd
ing
s fr
om
the 2
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1 e
dit
ion o
fEd
uca
tion a
t a G
lance
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaChileCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
A world of change – higher education
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
2005
Expe
ndit
ure
per
stud
ent
at t
ertia
ry le
vel (
USD
)
Tertiary-type A graduation rate
1616 1
6 S
ep
tem
ber
2011
Counci
lKey fi
nd
ing
s fr
om
the 2
01
1 e
dit
ion o
fEd
uca
tion a
t a G
lance
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaChileCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
A world of change – higher education
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
2006
Expe
ndit
ure
per
stud
ent
at t
ertia
ry le
vel (
USD
)
Tertiary-type A graduation rate
1717 1
6 S
ep
tem
ber
2011
Counci
lKey fi
nd
ing
s fr
om
the 2
01
1 e
dit
ion o
fEd
uca
tion a
t a G
lance
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaChileCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
A world of change – higher education
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
2007
Expe
ndit
ure
per
stud
ent
at t
ertia
ry le
vel (
USD
)
Tertiary-type A graduation rate
1818 1
6 S
ep
tem
ber
2011
Counci
lKey fi
nd
ing
s fr
om
the 2
01
1 e
dit
ion o
fEd
uca
tion a
t a G
lance
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaChileCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
A world of change – higher education
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700.0
5,000.0
10,000.0
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
2008 Ex
pend
itur
e pe
r st
uden
t at
ter
tiary
leve
l (U
SD)
Tertiary-type A graduation rate
Finland
1919 1
6 S
ep
tem
ber
2011
Counci
lKey fi
nd
ing
s fr
om
the 2
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1 e
dit
ion o
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uca
tion a
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lance
The composition of the global talent pool has changed…
Countries’ share in the population with tertiary education, for 25-34 and 55-64 year-old age groups, percentage (2009)
55-64-year-old population 25-34-year-old population
About 39 million people who attained tertiary level
About 81 million people who attained tertiary level
albiser_e
EAG 2011: chart A4.2OK
2020 1
6 S
ep
tem
ber
2011
Counci
lKey fi
nd
ing
s fr
om
the 2
01
1 e
dit
ion o
fEd
uca
tion a
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lance
United States, 35.8
Japan, 12.4
China, 6.9Germany, 6.3
United Kingdom, 5.3
Canada, 4.2
France, 3.5
Brazil, 3.5
Spain, 2.1Italy, 1.9
Mexico, 1.8
Australia, 1.7
Korea, 1.6other, 12.9
55-64-year-old population
United States, 20.5
Japan, 10.9
China, 18.3
Germany, 3.1United Kingdom, 4.4
Canada, 3.1France, 4.1
Brazil, 4.5
Spain, 3.5
Italy, 2.0
Mexico, 3.9
Australia, 1.6
Korea, 5.7
other, 14.5
25-34-year-old population
The composition of the global talent pool has changed…
Countries’ share in the population with tertiary education, for 25-34 and 55-64 year-old age groups, percentage (2009)
albiser_e
EAG 2011: chart A4.2OK
2121 1
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2011
Counci
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…and will continue to changeShare of new entrants into tertiary education in 2009 (OECD and G20