Levels of Government • Unitary System: – National Government is supreme – Regional governments derive all power from national. • Confederate System: – Local government is supreme – National govt. derives all power from local. • Federal System (Federalism): – Power/Authority is divided between national and regional. – U.S. system
Levels of Government. Unitary System: National Government is supreme Regional governments derive all power from national. Confederate System: Local government is supreme National govt. derives all power from local. Federal System (Federalism): - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Levels of Government
• Unitary System:– National Government is supreme– Regional governments derive all power from national.
• Confederate System:– Local government is supreme– National govt. derives all power from local.
• Federal System (Federalism):– Power/Authority is divided between national and
regional.– U.S. system
United Kingdom: Unitary System
• Devolution:– Delegating decision-making to local public bodies.
• 1998 Good Friday Agreement– Created a local parliament in N. Ireland
• 1999: Creation of Scottish and Welsh Regional Assemblies– Taxation– Education– Economic Planning
• 2000: Direct election of Mayor of London
The Monarchy
• No real power
• Technically “names” new prime minister
• Opens each session of Parliament with “Queen’s Speech.”– Written by majority party.
House of Lords
• Very little power– Can only temporarily delay legislation
• 1911 Reform of Lords– Power Stripped– Commons
Supreme
House of Lords• Pre-1999– Most Lords were hereditary peers.
• Post-1999– Most Lords are life peers.• Appointed to nonhereditary positions.
– About 25 Anglican Bishops are Lords.
Parliament
• Parliamentary Sovereignty– Parliament’s decisions are final.
• Parliamentary System– Head of Government chosen by legislature
• Fusion of Power– Authority concentrated in one body.– No “separation of powers” b/n executive and
legislative
Prime Minister
• MP from majority party, or coalition party.
• Traditionally, a more senior member of the party.
• Head of executive branch.
• Residence: 10 Downing Street
Prime Minister & Cabinet“First Among Equals”
• Chooses cabinet members
• Cabinet members: usually senior party members– Not necessarily experts
in their field
Partial List of Cabinet• Prime Minister• Deputy Prime Minister• Chancellor of Exchequer• Home Secretary• Defense Secretary• Justice Secretary• Health Secretary• Education Secretary• Business Secretary• Work and Pensions
Secretary
Prime Minister & Cabinet“First Among Equals”
• Prime Minister makes policy decisions in cabinet, with agreement of ministers.
• Collective Responsibility:– Cabinet, leaders of party, do not dissent from
Prime Minister in public.• “Cabinet Government”– Power of Cabinet in shaping/controlling policy
Question Time
• Debate occurs once a week• Prime Minister and Cabinet must defend their
policies.• One of the few opportunities for opposition to
“check” the majority.
Key Components of House of Commons
• Speaker of the House– Chief Officer– Keeps order during
debates– Remains impartial
– Renounces party affiliation
– Doesn’t vote
• Prime Minister and Cabinet– Sit to the right of the
Speaker
• Leader of Opposition and “Shadow Cabinet”– Appointed by head of
opposition– Monitor and criticize the
actions of their equivalents in govt.
Width of center aisle=distance of two drawn swords
Backbenchers
• Rank-and-file Members of Parliament (MP) who are not part of the Cabinet or Shadow Cabinet.