Levelling

PROJECT 1 : LEVELLING

AIM

o To measure and know the height of structure laboratory.

THEORY

o Levelling refers to height measurements for representing the relative difference in height

(altitude) between various points on the earth’s surface.

o Level readings can be taken either from one location (one set-up levelling) or from various

stations, if some points of interest are not visible.

o A level survey can be used for setting-out purposes, the presentation of soil profiles etc., as

will be discussed later in the subject.

o Levelling is the process by which elevations of points or differences in elevation are

determined.

o Levelling is the measurement of geodetic height using an optical levelling instrument and

a level staff or rod having a numbered scale.

TOOLS AND MATERIALS

1. Tools

i. Tilting level (Alat aras jongkit)

o A surveyor's level with a bubble mounted on the telescope and a provision for slight

tilting of the telescope and level.

o The upright axis of the unit does not need to be vertical, but the level and telescope

must be precisely aligned.

o Features: Clear and easy surveying, high durability, reliable performance.

ii. Tripod stand

o A tripod stand is a device used to support any one of a number of surveying

instruments, such as theodolites, total stations, levels or transits.

o Features: Customized colours are welcome, with needle locking device, high precision

and portable item.

iii. Staff

o A level staff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated wooden or aluminium rod, the

use of which permits the determination of differences in elevation.

iv. Staff bubble

Air bubbles are used to ensure staff erected vertically.

Usually placed on the side of the staff.

PROCEDURE

I. An instrument was first placed further in-front of the structure laboratory.

II. The instrument was set-up and prepared for the fly levelling process.

III. A staff was placed on the Temporary Bench Mark (TBM) and the reading for the first Back

Sight (BS) was taken and recorded.

IV. The staff was then placed at the A to get the reading for the first Intermediate Sight (IS) was

taken and recorded.

V. The staff was then placed at the B to get the reading for the second Intermediate Sight (IS)

was taken and recorded.

VI. The tripod was placed 10 foot away from tree. So the staff will be the Back Sight (BS) and

get the reading.

VII. The staff was then placed at the C to get the reading for the Intermediate Sight (IS) was taken

and recorded.

VIII. The staff was then placed at the field as foresight to get the reading.

IX. The tripod was place at centre of field to get the reading for D and E.

X. The staff was then placed at the centre to get the reading for the Intermediate Sight (IS) at

D,E was taken and recorded.

XI. After station E, the staff is then moved to F. There, the processes of obtaining and recording

the readings for a Back Sight (BS).

XII. The tripod was place at centre of field to get the reading for F and G

XIII. The staff was then placed at the G to get the reading for the Intermediate Sight (IS) was taken

and recorded.

XIV. The reading is taken at the same Temporary Bench Mark (TBM) as foresight to finally

complete the flying process.

XV. The readings that were taken, were all recorded

XVI. The data collected, was then calculated to find the Reduced Level (RL).

CONCLUSION

In conclusion ,we are able to obtain the data through the usage of levelling equipment

provided by lecturer. Even though some errors occurred, we were able to identify it and performed

an adjustment to the data we obtained on site. Then, using the obtained data, we were able to

conduct a field work report.

APPENDIX

STAFF

STAFF BUBBLE

TILTING LEVEL (ALAT ARAS JONGKIT)

TRIPOD STAND