Check out Unit B2: "Assist with Facial Skin Care Treatments" from our candidate handbook for the Level 1 (S/NVQ) Certificate in Beauty Therapy. Visit http://pear.sn/uVGWs3 for more information.
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IntroductionThis unit covers the topics that learners need to know for assisting with and carrying out basic day make-up directed and supervised by a senior therapist. This includes what is required to perform assisted make-up applications, consultation and a�ercare advice. It also stresses the importance of working safely and effectively. Health and safety and data protection legislation covered in Unit B1 are also relevant here.
The unit is divided into four main areas of learning:
• Maintain safe and effective methods of working when providing day make-up • Consult and prepare for make-up • Apply day make-up • Provide a�ercare advice.
The first area uses two activity sheets on hygiene and safe and effective methods of working in a salon, including preparing and clearing up the workstation, use of products and client consultation. Learners are also referred to Unit B1 Prepare and maintain salon treatment work areas for guidance on disinfecting/sterilising tools and equipment and avoiding cross-infection.
In the second area the learner should be able to carry out a consultation using appropriate listening and questioning skills and with reference to clients’ different cultural and religious backgrounds, age, gender and disabilities. The importance of good communications skills for effective client consultation is covered in Unit G2 Assist with salon reception duties and G3 Contribute to the development of effective working relationships.
This unit requires learners to identify a range of different skin types and conditions and to recognise what they can and cannot treat (contra-actions and contra-indications). They must also be able to adjust their treatment plan to suit the range of different clients, including those wearing glasses or contact lenses.
The third area includes activities to help learners choose suitable products for different skin types and conditions and also a PowerPoint® presentation of a step-by-step make-up application. A gap-fill activity on a�ercare advice will help reinforce knowledge. The individual development plan allows learners to see what needs to be covered and can be used for self-assessment both before and a�er the topics have been delivered.
AssessmentTo complete the unit, learners must demonstrate in their everyday work that they have met the standards. They must be assessed on at least three occasions, each with a different client. They must practically demonstrate using questioning and visual consultation techniques and referring to the client’s record card; identifying oily, dry and combination skin types; preparing a client by protecting the client’s clothing and hair and removing any accessories; using foundation, concealers, powder, eye products, cheek products and lip products; and giving advice on suitable make-up products, possible contra-actions and how to deal with them, and make-up re-application and removal techniques. Simulation is not allowed as a means of assessment for this unit.
What you must know I don’t know it and don’t understand it
I know it but don’t understand it
I know and understand it well
Organisational and legal requirements
1. Your responsibilities under relevant health and safety legislation
2. The importance of not discriminating against clients with illnesses and disabilities and why (e.g. Disability Discrimination Act)
3. Why minors should not be given treatments without informed and signed parental or guardian consent
4. Why it is important when treating minors under 16 years of age to have a parent or guardian present
5. Your responsibilities and reasons for maintaining your own personal hygiene, protection and appearance according to accepted industry and organisational requirements
6. How to complete the client records used in your salon and the importance of and reasons for keeping records of treatments and gaining client signatures
7. The importance of the correct storage of client records in accordance with the Data Protection Act
8. Your salon service times for completing day make-up and the importance of completing the application in a commercially viable time
9. The salon pricing structure
How to work safely and effectively when assisting with providing day make-up
10. How to effectively set up the work area and safely position equipment and materials for day make-up application
11. The necessary environmental conditions for day make-up application (including lighting, heating, ventilation and general comfort) and why these are important
12. The different types of sterilising and disinfecting equipment and chemicals available
What you must know I don’t know it and don’t understand it
I know it but don’t understand it
I know and understand it well
13. How to disinfect tools and equipment for day make-up application
14. The differences between sterilising and disinfecting
15. How to prepare yourself for carrying out day make-up application
16. The importance of and reasons for disinfecting hands and how to do this effectively
17. Why it is important to maintain standards of hygiene and the principles for avoiding cross-infection
18. How to prepare and position the client for day make-up application
19. How to avoid potential discomfort and injury to yourself and the risks of poor positioning of clients
20. How to minimise and dispose of waste from treatments
21. The condition in which the work area should be left and why this is important
Client consultation and treatment planning
22. How to use effective consultation techniques when communicating with clients from different cultural and religious backgrounds, age, disabilities and gender for this treatment
23. The questioning and listening skills you need in order to find out information
24. How to give effective advice and recommendations to clients
25. How to interpret negative and positive body language and why this is important
26. The importance of questioning clients to establish any contra-indications to day make-up
27. Why it is important to record client responses to questioning
28. Why is it important to encourage and allow time for clients to ask questions
29. The importance of and reasons for not naming specific contra-indications when encouraging clients to seek medical advice
What you must know I don’t know it and don’t understand it
I know it but don’t understand it
I know and understand it well
30. The legal significance of client questioning and of recording the client’s responses
31. How to use the consultation techniques in the range to establish clients’ needs
Anatomy and physiology
32. The basic skin structure (epidermis, dermis)
33. The basic function of the skin (protection, temperature control and sensitivity)
34. How to recognise the skin types listed in the range
35. The skin characteristics and skin types of different ethnic and client age groups
36. How to recognise the following basic skin conditions: sensitive, comedone, milia, dehydrated, broken capillaries, pustules, papules, open pores, dark circles
Contra-indications and contra-actions
37. The types of conditions and disorders that may contra-indicate the treatment and why (e.g. cold sores, conjunctivitis, open cuts and abrasions, swelling, skin irritation) and how to recognise them
38. The types of conditions and disorders that may restrict the treatment and why (e.g. healed eczema and psoriasis, redness, bruising, skin irritation) and how to recognise them
39. Possible contra-actions which may occur during the make-up treatment and how to deal with them (e.g. excessive perspiration, adverse skin reaction, watery eyes, excessive erythema)
Make-up application
40. How to cleanse, tone and moisturise the skin
41. The different types of powder, foundation, eye products, cheek products and lip products available and how to use and apply them
42. How to match and apply make-up products to different skin types and conditions
43. The reasons why make-up should be applied in suitable sequences
Selecting make-up for the different ranges of skin coloursWhen preparing for a make-up application, it is very important to consider the characteristics of different ethnic skin types. There are many different skin colours and tones, so you must choose the right make-up to suit your individual client.
The websites below will help you to research or buy make-up for different skin colour ranges. Visit them if you can, and make notes on the different ranges.
1. For Mediterranean/Latino skin tones – an olive range
http://www.pureskincosmetics.co.uk
Notes:
4. For Asian skin tones – a warm brown and red range
Correcting make-up mistakesWhen you are learning how to apply make-up you are bound to make a few mistakes. Knowing how to correct your mistakes as you go along will allow you to complete the make-up application without having to start again from scratch.
What should you do if…
… you have applied the wrong colour of foundation?
If you have only just put it on, it can be fixed by blending in another colour, but if the powder is on, you need to take it off and reapply.
… you have applied the wrong colour of blusher or it is in the wrong place?
Just gently wipe it away with dry cotton wool, and then reapply the right one in the right place.
… you have smudged the mascara?
Use a damp cotton bud to li� the mascara from the skin and reapply any other make-up which may have been removed in doing so.
… your eyeliner or lipliner is not applied well?
Use a damp cotton bud and retrace over the eyeliner or lipliner to remove it. Change cotton buds regularly if required to stop the make-up smudging. Reapply any make-up removed and then redraw the line.
… the foundation colours that you have don’t exactly match the skin tone?
Mix the foundation colours together on the palette.
… the client does not like the shade of lip colour?
Blot the lipstick with tissue to remove any excess; this will be enough if you need to reapply a darker colour, but if you want to apply a lighter colour, you may also need to remove the remaining lipstick using the end of a cotton bud with a little bit of cleanser on it.
… the client would like a more dramatic effect?
You can use darker shades; add more colour to give depth to the colours already used.
Maintaining products and cleaning equipmentCheck your understanding of how to use and clean make-up products and equipment by answering the questions below.
1. How should brushes and sponges be cleaned a�er use?
2. How should make-up palettes be cleaned a�er use?
3. How do you avoid cross-infection when using the following make-up products?
Consult and prepare for make-upMake sure that you know how to carry out a consultation with a make-up client by answering the questions below. Check you have selected the correct number of answers for each question.
1. Which three of the following methods of consultation should you use to identify your client’s needs for the make-up application? Choose three answers.
• Verbal – ask questions both open and closed �
• Ask closed questions only – avoid open questions or the client will talk for too long �
• Visual inspection – look at the skin and check the record card �
• Manual – feel the skin to find out about the texture and tone �
• Written answers – ask the client to write down their answers to your questions �
• Negative body language – make sure you keep your arms folded and avoid eye contact �
2. At what age is someone considered to be a minor for salon treatments? Choose one answer.
• Under 14 �
• Under 16 �
• Under 18 �
• Under 21 �
3. If a client is a minor what do you need to ensure? Choose one answer.
• That written consent is obtained from the client and from their parent/guardian over the phone �
• That written consent is obtained from the parent/guardian and the parent/guardian is present throughout the treatment �
• That the parent/guardian is not present during the treatment �
• That the minor must only be treated during school hours �
Consult and prepare for make-upMake sure that you know how to carry out a consultation with a make-up client by answering the questions below. Check you have selected the correct number of answers for each question.
1. Which three of the following methods of consultation should you use to identify your client’s needs for the make-up application? Choose three answers.
• Verbal – ask questions both open and closed
• Ask closed questions only – avoid open questions or the client will talk for too long �
• Visual inspection – look at the skin and check the record card
• Manual – feel the skin to find out about the texture and tone
• Written answers – ask the client to write down their answers to your questions �
• Negative body language – make sure you keep your arms folded and avoid eye contact �
2. At what age is someone considered to be a minor for salon treatments? Choose one answer.
• Under 14 �
• Under 16
• Under 18 �
• Under 21 �
3. If a client is a minor what do you need to ensure? Choose one answer.
• That written consent is obtained from the client and from their parent/guardian over the phone �
• That written consent is obtained from the parent/guardian and the parent/guardian is present throughout the treatment
• That the parent/guardian is not present during the treatment �
• That the minor must only be treated during school hours �
Adjusting the treatment planWork in pairs or small groups to answer the questions below. Whoever the client you are working with, always remember that it is your job to behave professionally at all times and to try to make every client’s experience in the salon as enjoyable as possible.
1. If a client is unhappy with the suggested make-up plan, but doesn’t come out and say so, what signs might you pick up from their body language or from the way they speak that they aren’t happy? Complete the spider diagram below with your ideas.
Signs your client isunhappy
client’s arms are crossed
Remember that some of your clients might have a different cultural or religious background from you. Others may have mature skin; some clients might have a disability; and you might also have some male clients. You will have to adapt your treatment to suit each of your clients’ needs and circumstances.
2. Match the adaptations listed on the right to the four groups of clients on the le� by drawing linking lines.
Clients with cultural or religious differences
If your client has a mobility problem, you will need to work around this – for example, you might apply your client’s make-up while they are sitting in their wheelchair rather than on the treatment couch.
Choose non-pearlised colours as pearlised colours will define the lines in the client’s skin.
You need to consider the type of body language and any questioning you use, so that is does not appear flirtatious.
You will probably need to use sponges to remove the cleanser instead of cotton wool (as cotton wool might catch on beard stubble).
You may have to carry out the make-up application in a private room in line with the client’s religious beliefs.
You may have to redraw the contour lines of the lips as these may have become thinner.
When applying foundation, you must be careful not to drag the skin, as the skin is likely to be more wrinkled and the contours will have dropped.
You may have to use different products; for example, for a vegan or a vegetarian, the products would have to be carefully identified as containing no animal derivatives.
If your client has learning difficulties, remember to always talk to the client and also confirm information with the support worker accompanying them.
Adjusting the treatment planWork in pairs or small groups to answer the questions below. Whoever the client you are working with, always remember that it is your job to behave professionally at all times and to try to make every client’s experience in the salon as enjoyable as possible.
1. If a client is unhappy with the suggested make-up plan, but doesn’t come out and say so, what signs might you pick up from their body language or from the way they speak that they aren’t happy? Complete the spider diagram below with your ideas.
Signs your client isunhappy
client’s arms are crossed
client is frowning,not smiling
client’s tone of voice is sharp
client is speaking verylittle
client is giving only closed answers (yes/no)
to your questions
Remember that some of your clients might have a different cultural or religious background from you. Others may have mature skin; some clients might have a disability; and you might also have some male clients. You will have to adapt your treatment to suit each of your clients’ needs and circumstances.
2. Match the adaptations listed on the right to the four groups of clients on the le� by drawing linking lines.
B3.A4 continued
Clients with cultural or religious differences
If your client has a mobility problem, you will need to work around this – for example, you might apply your client’s make-up while they are sitting in their wheelchair rather than on the treatment couch.
Choose non-pearlised colours as pearlised colours will define the lines in the client’s skin.
You need to consider the type of body language and any questioning you use, so that is does not appear flirtatious.
You will probably need to use sponges to remove the cleanser instead of cotton wool (as cotton wool might catch on beard stubble).
You may have to carry out the make-up application in a private room in line with the client’s religious beliefs.
You may have to redraw the contour lines of the lips as these may have become thinner.
When applying foundation, you must be careful not to drag the skin, as the skin is likely to be more wrinkled and the contours will have dropped.
You may have to use different products; for example, for a vegan or a vegetarian, the products would have to be carefully identified as containing no animal derivatives.
If your client has learning difficulties, remember to always talk to the client and also confirm information with the support worker accompanying them.
Contra-indications and skin concerns1. Look at the following contra-indications to make-up application and their descriptions.
Decide whether each of the contra-indications restricts or prevents treatment. Write each one in the correct part of the table below. Briefl y explain your reasons.
Open cuts and abrasions: areas where the skin has become damaged and therefore is tender to the touch. A scab may be forming.
Conjunctivitis: an eye condition that causes eyes to become watery, red and swollen and causes pus.
Eczema and psoriasis: two conditions which cause the skin to be extremely dry. The skin might be red and fl aky, patchy or scaly.
Skin irritation: the skin looks red in colour.
Cold sores: small blisters which are o� en found on the lips, cheeks or nose area.
Swelling: an area that has increased in size. It might be linked to bruising and could be painful if touched.
2. Match each of the skin concerns (le� ) below to the treatment you should carry out either prior to or during a make-up application (right). Draw lines linking your answers.
Dry skinAdvise the client to come in for facials prior to make-up applications to help balance the skin, and use a mousse-based foundation.
Sensitive skinMake sure a sensitivity test has been carried out prior to the make-up application to prevent the unnecessary occurrence of skin reactions to products.
Oily skin
Make sure the skin is well moisturised prior to make-up application, advise the client to come in for a facial or to do an exfoliation treatment at home to help. Use a foundation that contains a high quantity of oils, for example a cream-based foundation; avoid drying products. It might be a good idea to use cream eyeshadows and cream blushers.
Dark circles Advise the client to come in for facials prior to make-up application to help the problem, use liquid-, oil- and water-based foundations and avoid drying products.
Dehydrated skin Do not overtreat the skin, and use a green corrective concealer to reduce the red colour prior to foundation application.
Broken capillariesAdvise the client to drink plenty of water to reduce the appearance of these, and use a concealer two shades lighter to the foundation to reduce their appearance during make-up application.
Combination skinAdvise the client to come in for facials prior to make-up application to reduce the signs of comedones, papules and pustules, and use a matt moisturiser and water-based foundation.
Contra-indications and skin concernsLook at the following contra-indications to make-up application and their descriptions.
Decide whether each of the contra-indications restricts or prevents treatment. Write each one in the correct part of the table below. Briefl y explain your reasons.
Open cuts and abrasions: areas where the skin has become damaged and therefore is tender to the touch. A scab may be forming.
Conjunctivitis: an eye condition that causes eyes to become watery, red and swollen and causes pus.
Eczema and psoriasis: two conditions which cause the skin to be extremely dry. The skin might be red and fl aky, patchy or scaly.
Skin irritation: the skin looks red in colour.
Cold sores: small blisters which are o� en found on the lips, cheeks or nose area.
Swelling: an area that has increased in size. It might be linked to bruising and could be painful if touched.
Prevents treatment Restricts treatment
Conjunctivitis – highly contagious
Cold sores – highly contagious
Cuts and abrasions – they could become infected, so the areas should be avoided
Swelling – the area might be painful to touch, so the area should be avoided
Skin irritation – touching the area might aggravate the irritation
Eczema and psoriasis – depending on the severity, the skin might be prone to infection
1. Match each of the skin concerns (le� ) to the treatment you should carry out either prior to or during a make-up application (right). Draw lines linking your answers.
Dry skinAdvise the client to come in for facials prior to make-up applications to help balance the skin, and use a mousse-based foundation.
Sensitive skinMake sure a sensitivity test has been carried out prior to the make-up application to prevent the unnecessary occurrence of skin reactions to products.
Oily skin
Make sure the skin is well moisturised prior to make-up application, advise the client to come in for a facial or to do an exfoliation treatment at home to help. Use a foundation that contains a high quantity of oils, for example a cream-based foundation; avoid drying products. It might be a good idea to use cream eyeshadows and cream blushers.
Dark circles Advise the client to come in for facials prior to make-up application to help the problem; use liquid-, oil- and water-based foundations and avoid drying products.
Dehydrated skin Do not overtreat the skin, and use a green corrective concealer to reduce the red colour prior to foundation application.
Broken capillariesAdvise the client to drink plenty of water to reduce the appearance of these, and use a concealer two shades lighter to the foundation to reduce their appearance during make-up application.
Combination skinAdvise the client to come in for facials prior to make-up application to reduce the signs of comedones, papules and pustules, and use a matt moisturiser and water-based foundation.
A�ercare adviceShow your understanding of appropriate a�ercare advice to give clients a�er a make-up application by selecting the correct words to complete the gaps in the passage below.
individual
moisturisers
type
reapply
maximum
allergic
spray
soothe
refresh
doctor
suitable
avoid
contra-action
colours
subside
dry
techniques
removal
cotton wool
It is important to give your client a�ercare advice a�er a make-up application so that the
client can gain the effect from the treatment received. You must give the
a�ercare advice that is suitable for the client. Think about your client’s skin
type and advise them on skin preparations, cleansers, toners
and . You should also advise them on the that suit their skin
tone and on the cosmetics suitable for their skin . It is also helpful to tell the
client which types of cosmetics to – for example, if the client has
skin, it would be better for her not to use much powder. Tell the client about appropriate
make-up application for them to try at home, and advise them on how
to their make-up during the day or evening – for example, they could use a
fine water , apply pressed powder and lip colour. Advise your
client on the correct of make-up as well. You should also inform the client of
what to do if they have a . In the case of an reaction, for
example, the client should remove all make-up products and the skin with
damp and soothing lotion such as calamine lotion if necessary. If the reaction
does not within 24 hours, the client should contact their .
A�ercare adviceShow your understanding of appropriate a�ercare advice to give clients a�er a make-up application by selecting the correct words to complete the gaps in the passage below.
individual
moisturisers
type
reapply
maximum
allergic
spray
soothe
refresh
doctor
suitable
avoid
contra-action
colours
subside
dry
techniques
removal
cotton wool
It is important to give your client a�ercare advice a�er a make-up application so that the
client can gain the maximum effect from the treatment received. You must give the
a�ercare advice that is suitable for the individual client. Think about your client’s skin type
and advise them on suitable skin preparations, cleansers, toners and moisturisers. You
should also advise them on the colours that suit their skin tone and on the cosmetics
suitable for their skin type. It is also helpful to tell the client which types of cosmetics to
avoid – for example, if the client has dry skin, it would be better for her not to use much
powder. Tell the client about appropriate make-up application techniques for them to try at
home, and advise them on how to refresh their make-up during the day or evening – for
example, they could use a fine water spray, apply pressed powder and reapply lip colour.
Advise your client on the correct removal of make-up as well. You should also inform the
client of what to do if they have a contra-action. In the case of an allergic reaction, for
example, the client should remove all make-up products and soothe the skin with damp
cotton wool and soothing lotion such as calamine lotion if necessary. If the reaction does
not subside within 24 hours, the client should contact their doctor.
Make-up for clients with glasses or contact lensesIf you are carrying out a make-up treatment on a client who wears glasses or contact lenses this will affect how you plan the treatment. This is to prevent the make-up looking unbalanced. You will need to consult your client about whether they are wearing contact lenses or, if they are wearing glasses, whether they are for long or short sight.
Factors you should consider are:
• colour of the frame • size of the frame • lens type • contact lenses.
Look at the table below and write down what you could do to balance the make-up for the different frames and lenses.
Frames How can you balance the make-up?
Heavy frames
Light frames
Coloured frames
Lenses
For short-sight – make the eyes look smaller
For long-sight – make the eyes look bigger
Tinted – may change the colour of the make-up
How should you work on a client who is happy to keep their contact lenses in during the make-up treatment?
Make-up for clients with glasses or contact lensesIf you are carrying out a make-up treatment on a client who wears glasses or contact lenses this will affect how you plan the treatment. This is to prevent the make-up looking unbalanced. You will need to consult your client about whether they are wearing contact lenses or, if they are wearing glasses, whether they are for long or short sight.
Factors you should consider are:
• colour of the frame • size of the frame • lens type • contact lenses.
Look at the table below and write down what you could do to balance the make-up for the different frames and lenses.
Frames How can you balance the make-up?
Heavy frames Use strong lip colours and eye make-up to balance the facial features
Light frames Use soft colours, eyeliners and mascara
Coloured frames Use colours that complement the colour of the frames
Lenses
For short-sight – make the eyes look smaller Use light or bright colours to make the eyes appear bigger
For long-sight – make the eyes look bigger Use neutral or darker shades to prevent the eyes looking too prominent
Tinted – may change the colour of the make-up Check what the colours look like through the tinted lenses
How should you work on a client who is happy to keep their contact lenses in during the make-up treatment?
• Work gently around the eye area
• Avoid heavy creams and oils as they may smear the lenses
• Make sure the client’s eyes are closed when applying eyeshadows to prevent dust getting in the eyes
• Use a mascara without alcohol or fibres as these can irritate the eyes