Languages of Southeast Asia Nomura Toru Dept. of Policy Management, Keio University Let us play with Southeast Asian languages! ♦ Nowadays many Japanese are visiting all corners of Asia everyday. ♦ Many Asian peoples come to stay in Japan for job and higher education. ♦ Isn’t it interesting and fun if you can communicate with them in their own languages? Let us play with Southeast Asian languages together! All we need is to practice! ♦ Let us stop thinking about grammar and pronunciation. ♦ Just mimic what local people say! ♦ It is very important to remove psychological barrier. ♦ Let’s start!! Southeast Asia is a salad bowl of languages ♦They can be divided into following three categories; ♦1. Indigenous languages ♦2. Immigrants’ languages ♦3. Former colonial languages Southeast Asian scripts ♦ Variety of scripts are/were used there. ♦ They can be divided into four categories. ♦ 1. Indian scripts. ♦ 2. Arabic scripts. ♦ 3. Chinese characters and its off springs. ♦ 4. Roman scripts.
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Languagesof
Southeast AsiaNomura Toru
Dept. of Policy Management,Keio University
Let us play with Southeast Asian languages!♦Nowadays many Japanese are visiting all
corners of Asia everyday.♦Many Asian peoples come to stay in
Japan for job and higher education.♦ Isn’t it interesting and fun if you can
communicate with them in their own languages?
Let us play with Southeast Asian languages together!
All we need is to practice!
♦Let us stop thinking about grammar and pronunciation.
♦ Just mimic what local people say!♦ It is very important to remove
psychological barrier.♦Let’s start!!
Southeast Asia is a salad bowl of languages
♦They can be divided into following three categories;♦1. Indigenous languages♦2. Immigrants’ languages♦3. Former colonial languages
Southeast Asian scripts
♦Variety of scripts are/were used there.♦They can be divided into four
categories.♦ 1. Indian scripts.♦ 2. Arabic scripts.♦ 3. Chinese characters and its off
springs.♦ 4. Roman scripts.
Language and Scripts
♦Languages and scripts are different matters.
♦For example, Japanese and Korean use Chinese characters together with Hiragana/Katakana and Hangul.
♦But in terms of language family, Japanese, Korean and Chinese belong to entirely different families.
♦This is the case in SEA, too.
Language families of SEA
♦Until a decade ago, Southeast Asian languages had been classified into following three categories;
♦ 1. Sino-Tibetan family.♦ 2. Austroasian family (Mon-Khmer).♦ 3. Austronesian family (Malayo-
Polynesian).♦Due to recent research development, they
♦Variety of scripts are used in SEA.♦ Isn’t it fun to write your own name in
those Southeast Asian scripts?♦Let us learn together!
Let us tackle Thai scripts.
โน มุระโน -มุ-ระโท-รุ
Let us try to write Thai scripts.
♦ทะนะคะ ;tanaka
♦เเคย โอ ;keio
♦ มะนุแวล ละละ
Let us try Burmese scripts.
♦Unfortunately this PC does not contain Burmese fonts.
Sample of Burmese scripts Tone languages♦ In such continental Southeast Asian
languages as Thai, Burmese and Vietnamese, same syllables has more than one meaning by differentiating musical accents.
♦This type of languages are known as “tonal language”.
♦ “Four tones” or “si sheng” (四声) in Chinese is well known to us.
Do not hesitate or be timid about tone language!
♦Scholarly arguments are no use at all for you.
♦All you have to do is to mimic!
Pha:sa: thai (Thai language)
♦Let us begin with Thai.
Thai has five tones.
♦Five tone patterns;
Varieties of Thai languages.♦Apart from Thai language as a national
language of Thailand based upon languages spoken in Bangkok, there are variety of “Thai” languages including Lao ( national language of Laos), Shanspoken in Eastern Myanmar and number of Thai minorities in Yunnan and Guizhou, Southwestern China.
♦ Let us look at those “Thai” languages.
Spread of “Thai” languages. Thai (above) and Shan (below)
Kodak film in Thailand.Influence of Sanskrit language♦Thailand has been under the strong
influence of classical Indian culture such as Hinduism and Buddhism.
♦Therefore high vocabulary in Thai contain many loan words from Sanskrit and Pali (Canonical language of Theravada Buddhism).
♦ It is parallel to the Chinese vocabulary in Japanese and Korean.
Mailbox in Laos Let us compare Thai and Lao!♦Thank you very much.♦T: Khàwp khun mâak khráp.♦L: Khàwp jai lãi lãi.
♦How are you?♦T:Sàbaai dii rĕw khráp?♦L:Sábaai dii baw?
Now,Let us look at Burmese, the language of Myanmar.
Union of Myanmar(Pydaunsu Myanma: Naingandaw)
Myanmar language (Burmese)
♦Burmese belongs to Tibeto-Burman family.
♦ Japanese may find it rather easy to learn as the word order is the same as Japanese.
♦Basic order; SOV.
Burmese scripts has 33 basic scripts.Burmese would pronounce the scripts in Japanese eye chart.
Burmese banknote 75 kyat Burmese tones.♦Burmese tones are different in quality
from Chinese and Thai.HL(falling) LLL HLL.
Burmese word order.
♦Burmese word order; SOV type.♦It is the same as Japanese,
Korean, Mongolian, Turkish families and other Altaic languages.
Basic expressions in Burmese.♦ Min găla ba.♦ Ne kàun yéh là?♦ Ne kàun ba deh.♦ Cè zù timba deh.♦ La ba.♦ Wùn nèh ba deh.♦ Keiq sá măshí ba bù.♦ Chănaw ga name
….ba.
♦ Greetings! Hallo!♦ How are you?♦ I am fine.♦ Thank you.♦ You are welcome.♦ Excuse me. I am
sorry.♦ Not at all.♦ My name is …..
Honorific in Burmese.♦ Burmese do not have a family name.♦ Instead of them, they use several honorific
according to gender, age and status.♦ Those honorifics can be used as a second
pronouns.
Burmese numerals.In Myanmar, bus route numbers are indicated in this numerals. So it is very difficult for foreigners to use local bus.